1.  Title: How to put an end to the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM)? Panel discussion report (6 February 2008). Author: Inter-Parliamentary Union; International Organization for Migration [IOM]; Inter-African Committee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children; Switzerland. Geneva. Departement des Institutions Source: Geneva, Switzerland, Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2009. 32 p. Abstract: Every 10 seconds, somewhere in the world, a little girl is a victim of genital mutilation. Three million girls are excised every year. To mark the International Day of Zero Tolerance to FGM on 6 February 2008, more than 100 representatives of international organizations, civil society, media, diplomatic missions and the local authorities in Geneva gathered at The House of Parliaments to discuss ways of putting an end to this harmful practice. The IPU, the Departement des Institutions de l?Etat de Geneve (Geneva Department of Institutions), the International Organization for Migration and the Inter-African Committee on Traditional Practices decided to join forces to put an end to this human tragedy. This publication contains the experts' contributions, extracts of the debates and conclusions of the seminar. (Excerpts) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POLICYMAKERS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING | POLITICAL FACTORS | ADVOCACY | RELIGION | LEADERSHIP | SOCIAL POLICY | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | CULTURE | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Harmful Traditional Practices | Traditional Health Practices | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Policy | Human Rights Document Number: 331363 |
| 2. Title: Voluntary population planning activities -- supplemental requirements (January 2009) [letter] Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]. Bureau for Management. Office of Acquisition and Assistance Source: Washington, D.C., USAID, Bureau for Management, Office of Acquisition and Assistance, 2009 Jan 26. [5] p. Abstract: The purpose of this letter is to amend the Standard provisions of all grants and cooperative agreements involving any aspect of voluntary population planning activities and which contain the provision VOLUNTARY POPULATION PLANNING ACTIVITIES - SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS (May 2006). This provision is deleted and replaced by the new provision VOLUNTARY POPULATION PLANNING ACTIVITIES - SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS (January 2009) which removes the conditions relating to the Mexico City Policy that were set forth in the May 2006 version of the provision. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | USAID | STANDARDIZATION | GRANTS | POPULATION POLICY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | INCENTIVES | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS | ABORTION LAW | STERILIZATION, SEXUAL | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Data Adjustment | Research Methodology | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postconception Document Number: 331346 Notification |
| 3. Title: Celebrating life: The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. 2009 Annual Report to Congress. Author: United States. Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator Source: Washington, D.C., Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator, 2009. 64 p. Abstract: The fifth Annual Report celebrates life. In countless communities around the world, through partnerships with the American people, courageous individuals in nations devastated by HIV/AIDS are choosing life, saving the lives of their fellow countrymen and women, and creating hope for a future free of HIV/AIDS. Through the power of these partnerships, the American people and the dedicated men and women in nations devastated by HIV/ AIDS have proven that the seemingly impossible is possible. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | ANNUAL REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | FOREIGN AID | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | TREATMENT | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | INTERVENTIONS | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Programs | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 328418 |
4.  Peer Reviewed Title: Structural barriers and human rights related to HIV prevention and treatment in Zimbabwe. Author: Amon JJ; Kasambala T Source: Global Public Health. 2009 Mar 26;:1-17. Abstract: There has long been recognition that individual risk factors can only partially explain vulnerability to HIV infection, and that a broader range of socioeconomic, cultural and political factors must be taken into account. More recently this understanding has been applied to addressing obstacles to accessing HIV treatment. Yet, while structural interventions aimed at contextual factors related to HIV prevention and treatment have been shown to be effective, they have not been widely implemented. Using the situation of Zimbabwe as an example, we will present an illustration of how contextual barriers can be understood in human rights terms, and how using a human rights analysis can specifically help define 'structural-rights' interventions and compel their implementation. Language: English Keywords: ZIMBABWE | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | POLICYMAKERS | HUMAN RIGHTS | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | CULTURE | POLITICAL FACTORS | INTERVENTIONS | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | HEALTH POLICY | SOCIAL POLICY | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Sociocultural Factors | AIDS | Economic Factors | Programs | Policy Document Number: 341476 |
| 5. Title: Conflicting policies in China's fight against HIV/AIDS. Author: Burki T Source: Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2009 Feb;9(2):84. Abstract: The police and security forces are hampering Chinese efforts to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic, according to a Human Rights Watch (HRW) report published on Dec 9. "The government has expanded prevention and treatment programmes for drug users" said Joe Amon, HIV/AIDS programme director at HRW, "but at the same time, police are detaining drug users trying to access these services, and putting drug users in so-called drug rehabilitation centres where they are provided no drug dependency treatment". The report focuses on Guangxi province in southern China, but noted that the issues with which it dealt "stem from national laws and policies". HRW claim that police routinely wait outside methadone clinics and pharmacies to arrest suspected drug users. By placing them in mandatory confinement, the report says, the Chinese authorities were discouraging intravenous drug users from engaging with voluntary drug treatment programmes. HRW commented that the rehabilitation centres-which have a country wide population of over 340 000-"subject drug users to abusive, inhuman, and degrading treatment. They not only fail to provide HIV prevention and treatment to drug users, but facilitate its spread". The report added that HIV-positive detainees do not have their CD4 count monitored. According to official figures, there are roughly 700 000 cases of HIV/AIDS in China, and between 3 and 6 million drug users. Unsafe injection practices are a major source of HIV transmission, accounting for nearly half of new cases. "China has been very open-minded in rolling out drug substitution policies" Joseph Schumacher (University of Alabama, USA) told TLID. Since 2000, over 500 methadone clinics have been established in the country. Several nongovernmental organisations run needle exchange programmes. "More NGOs are opening and making voluntary HIV testing and counselling available", Schumacher pointed out. In China, drug addiction is widely regarded as an offence against society. The rehabilitation centres-some of which are known as "re-education through labour" centres-are emblematic of this. Schumacher suggests adjusting their function. "Instead of using these camps or re-education programmes as punishment", he says "integrate evidence-based therapies into the programmes. Use them more as treatment than as incarceration". In a related story, researchers report that improper care and the overuse of anti-tuberculosis drugs, throughout the country, have propelled Chinese rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis to almost twice the global average. (full-text) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | POLICE | POLICYMAKERS | IV DRUG USERS | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | HEALTH POLICY | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Corrections Officers | Government | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Policy | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 330595 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Political feasibility of scaling-up five evidence-informed HIV interventions in Pakistan: a policy analysis. Author: Buse K; Lalji N; Mayhew SH; Imran M; Hawkes SJ Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009 Apr;85(Suppl 2):ii37-ii42. Abstract: Background: Drawing on policy theories, an assessment was made of the perceived political feasibility of scaling-up five evidence-based interventions to curb Pakistan's HIV epidemic: needle and syringe exchange programmes; targeted behaviour change communication; sexual health care for male and transgender sex workers; sexual and reproductive health care for female sex workers; and promoting and protecting the rights of those at greatest risk. Method: A questionnaire was emailed to 40 stakeholders and completed by 22. They expressed their level of agreement with 15 statements for each intervention (related to variables associated with policy success). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 respondents. Results: The interventions represent considerable change from the status quo, but are perceived to respond to widely acknowledged problems. These perceptions, held by the HIV policy elite, need to be set in the context of the prevailing view that the AIDS response is not warranted given the small and concentrated nature of the epidemic and that the interventions do not resonate closely with values held by society. The interventions were perceived to be evidence-based, supported by at least one donor and subject to little resistance from frontline staff as they will be implemented by contracted non-government organisations. The results were mixed in terms of other factors determining political feasibility, including the extent to which interventions are easy to explain, exhibit simple technical features, require few additional funds, are supported and not opposed by powerful stakeholders. Conclusion: The interventions stand a good chance of being implemented although they depend on donor support. The prospects for scaling them would be improved by ongoing policy analysis and strengthening of domestic constituencies among the target groups. Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | KAP SURVEYS | POLICYMAKERS | IV DRUG USERS | SEX WORKERS | HIV PREVENTION | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | HEALTH POLICY | INTERVENTIONS | CAPACITY BUILDING | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | SYRINGE | NEEDLE SHARING | SOCIAL POLICY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Sex Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication Programs | Communication | Behavior Change | Planning | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Program Sustainability | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Equipment and Supplies | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Risk Behavior Document Number: 340114 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: A global fund for the health MDGs? Author: Cometto G; Ooms G; Starrs A; Zeitz P Source: Lancet. 2009 May 2;373(9674):1500-2. Abstract: The world is off track to achieve the health-related targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. Maternal mortality has stagnated for two decades, child mortality is not declining fast enough, HIV/AIDS still infects people faster than the pace of antiretroviral treatment roll-out, and inequalities are widening within and across countries. Addressing these crises will require increased funding and more efficient spending. The next Board meetings of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the GAVI Alliance, scheduled for May and June, respectively, present an opportunity to tackle these issues. We propose that the exceptional approach created for the fight against AIDS should be expanded: the entire global health agenda must adopt a rights-based approach, which in some countries requires challenging the model of national financial autonomy. We therefore recommend that the Global Fund and the GAVI Alliance gradually move towards becoming a global fund for all the health MDGs, which will require substantially greater resources to address the broader mandate. As a first step the next Global Fund and GAVI Alliance board meetings should expand the review of their architecture to provide greater support to national health plans, including co-financing non-disease-specific human resources for health. A global fund for the health MDGs would eventually allow the delivery of prevention and treatment services for specific diseases through revamped general health services, reducing transaction costs and streamlining the global health architecture. Such radical, yet rational, action is our best chance of meeting-or at least making significant progress toward-the health-related MDG targets by 2015. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | GOALS | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | HEALTH POLICY | FUNDS | FOREIGN AID | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | COORDINATION | WHO | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Planning | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | UN | International Agencies | Organizations Document Number: 341099 |
| 8. Title: From reproductive choice to reproductive justice. Author: Cook RJ; Dickens BM Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 May 6; Abstract: Since the 1994 Cairo Conference on Population and Development, the human rights movement has embraced the concept of reproductive rights. These are often pursued, however, by means to which objection is taken. Some conservative political and religious forces continue to resist implementation of several means of protecting and advancing reproductive rights. Individuals' rights to grant and to deny consent to medical procedures affecting their reproductive health and confidentiality have been progressively advanced. However, access to contraceptive services, while not necessarily opposed, is unjustifiably obstructed in some settings. Rights to lawful abortion have been considerably liberalized by legislative and judicial decisions, although resistance remains. Courts are increasingly requiring that lawful services be accommodated under transparent conditions of access and of legal protection. The conflict between rights of resort to lawful reproductive health services and to conscientious objection to participation is resolved by legal duties to refer patients to non-objecting providers. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | RELIGION | CONSERVATISM | POLITICAL FACTORS | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | CONTRACEPTION | ABORTION LAW | LITIGATION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Human Rights | Sociocultural Factors | Ethics | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | Program Evaluation | Programs Document Number: 341457 |
| 9. Title: Systematic analysis of research underfunding in maternal and perinatal health. Author: Fisk NM; Atun R Source: BJOG. 2009 Feb;116(3):347-56. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Little published evidence supports the widely held contention that research in pregnancy is underfunded compared with other disease areas. OBJECTIVES: To assess absolute and relative government and charitable funding for maternal and perinatal research in the UK and internationally. SEARCH STRATEGY, SELECTION CRITERIA, DATA COLLECTION, AND ANALYSIS: Major research funding bodies and alliances were identified from an Internet search and discussions with opinion leaders/senior investigators. Websites and annual reports were reviewed for details of strategy, research spend, grants awarded, and allocation to maternal and/or perinatal disease using generic and disease-specific search terms. MAIN RESULTS: Within the imprecision in the data sets, < or =1% of health research spend in the UK was on maternal/perinatal health. Other countries fared better with 1-4% investment, although nonexclusive categorisation may render this an overestimate. In low-resource settings, government funders focused on infectious disease but not maternal and perinatal health despite high relative disease burden, while global philanthropy concentrated on service provision rather than research. Although research expenditure has been deemed as appropriate for 'reproductive health' disease burden in the UK, there are no data on the equity of maternal/perinatal research spend against disease burden, which globally may justify a manyfold increase. AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review of research expenditure and priorities from national and international funding bodies suggests relative underinvestment in maternal/perinatal health. Contributing factors include the low political priority given to women's health, the challenging nature of clinical research in pregnancy, and research capacity dearth as a consequence of chronic underinvestment. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | LITERATURE REVIEW | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | GOVERNMENT | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | CHILDBIRTH | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | ECONOMIC FACTORS | PREGNANCY | GRANTS | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | EXPENDITURES | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Organizations | Pregnancy Outcomes | Reproduction | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Research Methodology Document Number: 331089 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: Saving mother's lives: programs that work. Author: Fortney JA; Leong M Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Jun;52(2):224-36. Abstract: Maternal mortality is a complex problem requiring complex responses. Nevertheless, every intervention must operate through one of 3 pathways: preventing pregnancy, preventing complications, or preventing death when obstetric complications occur. We describe interventions following each pathway and assess their evidence base. In general, the more specific the intervention (such as procedures) the stronger the evidence. Broad interventions ("programs" for example) have a weaker evidence base although evidence is accumulating. The potential for robust evidence for effective programs is limited by epidemiologic design-the logistic difficulties of randomization, blinding, and single impact variables. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RECOMMENDATIONS | POLICYMAKERS | COMMUNITY | SAFE MOTHERHOOD | MATERNAL MORTALITY | INTERVENTIONS | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | OBSTETRICS | EMERGENCY SERVICES | MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Maternal Health | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Programs | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Program Evaluation | Family Planning Document Number: 342175 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Exploring health stakeholders' perceptions on moving towards comprehensive primary health care to address childhood malnutrition in Iran: a qualitative study. Author: Javanparast S; Coveney J; Saikia U Source: BMC Health Services Research. 2009;9:36. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the multifaceted aspect of child malnutrition, a comprehensive approach, taking social factors into account, has been frequently recommended in health literature. The Alma-Ata declaration explicitly outlined comprehensive primary health care as an approach that addresses the social, economic and political causes of poor health and nutrition. Iran as a signatory country to the Alma Ata Declaration has established primary health care since 1979 with significant progress on many health indicators during the last three decades. However, the primary health care system is still challenged to reduce inequity in conditions such as child malnutrition which trace back to social factors. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of the Iranian health stakeholders with respect to the Iranian primary health care performance and actions to move towards a comprehensive approach in addressing childhood malnutrition. Health stakeholders are defined as those who affect or can be affected by health system, for example health policy-makers, health providers or health service recipients. METHODS: Stakeholder analysis approach was undertaken using a qualitative research method. Different levels of stakeholders, including health policy-makers, health providers and community members were interviewed as either individuals or focus groups. Qualitative content analysis was used to interpret and compare/contrast the viewpoints of the study participants. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that fundamental differences exist in the perceptions of different health stakeholders in the understanding of comprehensive notion and action. Health policy-makers mainly believed in the need for a secure health management environment and the necessity for a whole of the government approach to enhance collaborative action. Community health workers, on the other hand, indicated that staff motivation, advocacy and involvement are the main challenges need to be addressed. Turning to community stakeholders, greater emphasis has been placed on community capabilities, informal link with other social sectors based on trust and local initiatives. CONCLUSION: This research provided a picture of the differences in the perceptions and values of different stakeholders with respect to primary health care concepts. The study suggests that a top-down approach, which still exists among health policy-makers, is a key obstacle that delays, and possibly worse, undermines the implementation of the comprehensive strategy codified by the Alma-Ata Declaration. A need to revitalize primary health care to use its full potential and to combine top-down and bottom-up approaches by narrowing the gap between perceptions of policy makers and those who provide and receive health-related services is crucial. Language: English Keywords: IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | CHILDREN | POLICYMAKERS | COMMUNITY | COMMUNITY WORKERS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | CHILD NUTRITION | MALNUTRITION | PERCEPTION | HEALTH POLICY | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | Middle East | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Services | Nutrition | Nutrition Disorders | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 331083 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Conceptualising abortion stigma. Author: Kumar A; Hessini L; Mitchell EM Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 May 12;:1. Abstract: Abortion stigma is widely acknowledged in many countries, but poorly theorised. Although media accounts often evoke abortion stigma as a universal social fact, we suggest that the social production of abortion stigma is profoundly local. Abortion stigma is neither natural nor 'essential' and relies upon power disparities and inequalities for its formation. In this paper, we identify social and political processes that favour the emergence, perpetuation and normalisation of abortion stigma. We hypothesise that abortion transgresses three cherished 'feminine' ideals: perpetual fecundity; the inevitability of motherhood; and instinctive nurturing. We offer examples of how abortion stigma is generated through popular and medical discourses, government and political structures, institutions, communities and via personal interactions. Finally, we propose a research agenda to reveal, measure and map the diverse manifestations of abortion stigma and its impact on women's health. Language: English Keywords: CRITIQUE | KAP SURVEYS | POLICYMAKERS | ABORTION | STIGMA | SEX DISCRIMINATION | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | INEQUALITIES | POLITICAL FACTORS | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | FEMALE ROLE | PUBLIC OPINION | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Attitudes | Psychological Factors Document Number: 341497 |
| 14. Title: Ethics in family planning FIGO Committee for the Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women's Health. Author: Milliez J Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Apr 16; Abstract: The FIGO Committee for the Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women's Health considers the ethical aspects of issues that impact the discipline of obstetrics, gynecology, and women's health. The following document represents the result of that carefully researched and considered discussion. This material is intended to provide material for consideration and debate about these ethical aspects of our discipline for member organizations and their constituent membership. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POLICYMAKERS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | HEALTH PERSONNEL | ETHICS | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | ABORTION | HUMAN RIGHTS | MALE ROLE | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Family Planning Programs | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postconception | Political Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Program Activities | Programs Document Number: 331125 Notification |
| 15. Title: National AIDS Commissions in Africa: Performance and emerging challenges. Author: Morah E; Ihalainen M Source: Development Policy Review. 2009 Mar;27(2):185-214. Abstract: This article consolidates and expands on evidence on how National AIDS Commissions (NACs) in sub-Saharan Africa are measuring up to expectations that drove their rapid adoption across the continent. While their overall performance seems reasonably good, most NACs still lack adequate power and incentive structures to hold line ministries accountable, a key requirement for co-ordinating activities and mainstreaming HIV-AIDS across the public sector. Second-generation African NACs urgently need the authority and institutional stature to effectively co-ordinate the channelling of the larger funds now available through government bureaucracy. The evolution of the epidemic also imposes requirements different from those when the current NAC architecture was crafted. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | POLICYMAKERS | INCENTIVES | COORDINATION | HIV PREVENTION | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | INSTITUTION BUILDING | CAPACITY BUILDING | RESOURCE ALLOCATION | Africa | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Policy | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs Document Number: 341093 |
| 16. Title: Decentralizing Kenya's health management system: an evaluation. January 2009. Based on further analysis of the 2004 Kenya Service Provision Assessment Survey. Author: Ndavi PM; Ogola S; Kizito PM; Johnson K Source: Calverton, Maryland, Macro International, MEASURE DHS, 2009 Jan. [37] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-C-00-03-00002-00Kenya Working Papers No. 1) Abstract: Kenya's Ministry of Health (MOH) commitment to address the inherent constraints in the health sector has included deliberate decentralization efforts aimed at strengthening the effective implementation of activities at the district level, and fostering closer coordination and collaboration amongst the line ministries, donors, organizations, and other stakeholders. Among these efforts, local District Health Management Boards (DHMBs) and District Health Management Teams (DHMTs) gradually assumed responsibilities for the operation of the facilities under their jurisdiction through a single line grant, annual work plans, and procurement plans. To assess the current effectiveness of the district health management systems in meeting their responsibilities, we analyze data from a special District Health Management module of the 2004 Kenya Service Provision Assessment Survey to discern the degree to which the DHMTs and DHMBs meet norms and standards in the areas of governance and management, human resource development and management, commodity management, infrastructure development, health care financing, budgeting and management, and performance monitoring. Notably, data on DHMTs and DHMBs were missing for 20 percent of the districts. This level of nonresponse has the potential to weaken the validity of the findings, particularly when the excluded DHMTs are in provinces with some of the worst health indicators in the country. Their exclusion was due to difficult terrain and insecure environment, both of which imply that the right of the population to health care services is compromised. The results of this descriptive analysis indicate that although most of the DHMTs hold meetings frequently, the unavailability of the guidelines on the functioning of the DHMTs made it difficult to determine compliance of DHMTs with any existing norms and standards. The survey missed the opportunity to assess the activities and achievements of the HFMCs and HCMTs, which are important for decentralization. Although most of the DHMTs had documented plans for improving reproductive health, less than a quarter reported implementing their plans on time. Lack of funds and transport were the most cited reasons for failure by DHMTs to meet their supervision targets despite the near universal existence of documented supervision plans. In terms of support of human resources, continuing professional development is an accepted norm in the districts, but there is urgent need to strengthen and expand the scope of updates to serving staff through the establishment of district health training committees and regular monitoring of their activities. An assessment of available infrastructure indicated that repair and maintenance units existed in most districts, with nearly all of the districts contracted with the provincial workshop for repair and maintenance work. Communication facilities between most district hospitals and close to three quarters of the health centers with referral facilities under government management had capacity to communicate easily by telephone or two-way radio with a referral facility to arrange transport during emergencies. The situation was much better for NGO/mission-run facilities. Regarding financing issues, despite existence of both recurrent and development funds, funding for medicines, equipment, and maintaining buildings was inadequate for most districts. Sources for funding for district health services included central government funding supplemented by local government, revolving funds, and other sources. Increased annual budgetary allocations to the agreed 15 percent to ministries of health, in agreement with the Abuja accord, may increase financial resources required for medicines, equipment, and maintenance of buildings. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | RESEARCH REPORT | HEALTH SURVEYS | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | POLICYMAKERS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | DECENTRALIZATION | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | MONITORING | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Health | Organization and Administration | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Evaluation | Management | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 329888 |
| 17. Title: Developments in national policies for food and nutrition security in Brazil. Author: Rocha C Source: Development Policy Review. 2009 Mar;27(1):51-66. Abstract: Brazil is on track to achieve many of the Millennium Development Goals, and this is widely credited to bold and innovative government policies backed by new forms of popular participation in social policy. This article examines evaluation evidence on two of the most important recent initiatives in Brazil's policies for food and nutrition security (conditional cash transfers through Bolsa Família and support for family agriculture through the Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos). It also considers advances in older policies (such as the School Meals programme) and the work of the National Council for Food and Nutrition Security, which has culminated in national legislation establishing food and nutrition security as a right. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | NUTRITION PROGRAMS | HEALTH POLICY | SOCIAL POLICY | PARTICIPATION | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | INCENTIVES | HOME ECONOMICS | AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | LEGISLATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Programs | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Rural Development Document Number: 341094 |
| 18. Title: Contraceptive projections and the donor gap: Meeting the challenge. Author: Ross J; Weissman E; Stover J Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Feb. 44 p. Abstract: This report looks at just one component of reproductive health commodities: contraceptives: A follow-up report of the same title published in 2001, the report starts with an overview of current demand for contraceptives in 88 developing countries that depend on supplies from donors. Future needs for contraceptive commodities are projected for two scenarios: one assuming that all unmet need for family planning will be satisfied by 2015 as specified in the ICPD and the MDGs, and the other one based on the medium variant projections of the United Nations Population Division-projections that assume a more gradual contraceptive prevalence increase that is based on historical trends. The proportion of future needs that will require donor funding is estimated on the basis of historical funding trends. Those future needs are compared with current donor funding to highlight the ?donor gap,? the expected shortfall in commodity funding unless resources for commodities are increased substantially. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | DEVELOPED COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | FOREIGN AID | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraception | Family Planning | Program Evaluation | Programs | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Distributional Activities | Program Activities Document Number: 341071 |
| 19. Title: Reproductive and sexual health rights: 15 years after the International Conference on Population and Development [editorial] Author: Serour GI Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 May 8;:[2] p. Abstract: For the past 15 years, the World Report on Women's Health has been published in the International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (IJGO) every 3 years to mark the occasion of the FIGO World Congress. The topic of the 2006 World Report was promoting partnerships to improve access to women's reproductive and sexual health. It is fitting that, following the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo in 1994, the 2009 World Report addresses reproductive and sexual health rights 15 years after this significant conference took place. Despite some of the progress made in achieving reproductive and sexual health rights in many countries, many agenda items from the ICPD Programme of Action remain unfinished, and these are now emphasized in the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4, 5, and 6. The WHO Reproductive Health Research division has indicated that the core elements for improvement include improving prenatal, delivery, post partum, and newborn care; providing high-quality services for family planning including infertility services; eliminating unsafe abortion; combating sexually transmitted infections including HIV, reproductive tract infections, cervical cancer, and other gynecological morbidities; and promoting sexual health. It identified 6 areas of action including strengthening the capacity of health systems, improving the information base for priority settings, mobilizing political will, creating supportive legislation and regulatory frameworks, and strengthening, monitoring, evaluation, and accountability. The 2009 World Report provides the reader with a comprehensive and concise overview of what has been achieved in women's reproductive and sexual health rights since the ICPD, unmet needs, obstacles, and the feasible actions in the countdown to 2015 as outlined in the ICPD Programme of Action and the health-related MDGs. The July 2008 Summit Declaration of the G8 countries called for reproductive health to be "widely accessible," for closer links between HIV/AIDS and family planning programs, and strengthening of health systems. It is hoped that the latest global economic crisis will not negatively impact the commitments of rich countries to reproductive and sexual health programs in low-resource countries to reduce mortality and improve the quality-of-life of women and newborns around the world. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POLICYMAKERS | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL MORTALITY | DEATH RATE | WHO | HUMAN RIGHTS | HEALTH POLICY | GOALS | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Policy | Planning Document Number: 341456 |
| 20. Title: Making the case for U.S. international family planning assistance. Author: Speidel JJ; Sinding S; Gillespie D; Maguire E; Neuse M Source: [Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Ipas], 2009 Jan. 15 p. (Report) Abstract: This report documents the urgent need for greater U.S. assistance to family planning programs in the developing world and recommends targeted investment in such programs, primarily through the U.S. Agency for International Development. Five former directors of the Population and Reproductive Health Program of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) issue a call for renewed U.S. political and financial commitment to international family planning programs. USAID has been the largest donor to international population and family planning efforts and a transformative source of leadership and innovation in the field. Its professional staff and technical resources are unparalleled among donor agencies. However, its funding peaked in 1995 and has declined in real terms ever since, even as the worldwide demand for family planning and other reproductive health services has grown. As a result, many successful programs in developing countries have stagnated and global fertility decline has slowed. At the beginning of a new administration and a new Congress, it is time to reverse the decline in U.S. political and financial commitment to this field of signature U.S. leadership and accomplishment, to satisfy the unmet need for services, and to improve women's reproductive health worldwide. We estimate that USAID's population budget should be increased to $1.2 billion. (Excerpts) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | FAMILY PLANNING | FOREIGN AID | USAID | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | POPULATION POLICY | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Social Policy | Policy | Programs Document Number: 331360 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: An end to secrecy [editorial] Source: Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):566. Abstract: As part of a special collection of articles on HIV, this week's issue contains a Feature by Linqi Zhang of Tsinghua University in Beijing and his colleagues on the status of HIV in southern China (see page 609). Their conclusions are alarming: HIV prevalence is no longer confined to high-risk groups such as those who inject themselves with drugs, but is now seeping into the general population. Some of the most rapid increases are among men in same-sex relationships. Moreover, the findings confirm what veteran outside-observers of China and those concerned with HIV globally have long suspected: patterns of infection in southern China are similar to those in other developing countries - especially those experiencing large-scale migration from rural areas to cities, which provides men and women with more opportunities for sex. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | CRITIQUE | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | POLICYMAKERS | HIV INFECTIONS | HIV PREVENTION | PREVALENCE | STATISTICS | INFORMATION SOURCES | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Measurement | Information | Communication Document Number: 329091 |
| 22. Title: Fact Sheet: Comprehensive HIV prevention: condoms and contraceptive count. Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2008. 4 p. (No. 21) Abstract: This fact sheet presents key findings from the 'Comprehensive HIV Prevention: Condoms and Contraceptives Count' which details successful public health strategies and a comprehensive condom programming framework. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | POLICYMAKERS | HIV PREVENTION | CONDOM USE | FEMALE CONDOMS | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | FOREIGN AID | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | LOGISTICS | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | PREVALENCE | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Economic Factors | Management | Programs | Measurement Document Number: 329883 |
| 23. Title: NGO report on violence against women in Burundi. Executive summary. CEDAW, January 2008. Author: Action des Chretiens pour l'Abolition de la Torture [ACAT Burundi]; Organisation Mondiale Contre la Torture [OMCT] Source: [Bujumbura], Burundi, ACAT Burundi, 2008. 7 p. http://www.omct.org/pdf/VAW/2008/CEDAW40th_Rep_alt_Burundi_fr.pdf (French full report) Abstract: The aim of the report is to show the difficulties faced by thousands of women in Burundi due to the increase of violence against women. It is based on General Recommendation No19 of the Committee that affirms gender-based violence is a prohibited form of discrimination and recommends that States parties: take concrete and efficient measures to eradicate violence against women; ensure sufficient legal protection to all women against every form of gender based violence, including violence within the family, and the respect of their integrity and dignity; establish statistics on the scope, causes and consequences of violence against women and on the efficiency of measures intended to prevent and fight against this kind of violence. Unfortunately, the Government of Burundi has taken few measures to implement this recommendation. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BURUNDI | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POLICYMAKERS | POLICE | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | VIOLENCE | RAPE | WOMEN'S HEALTH | LEGISLATION | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | LITIGATION | SOCIAL POLICY | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Corrections Officers | Government | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Behavior | Health | Diseases | Policy Document Number: 326332 |
| 24. Title: Asia and the Pacific Regional Forum on Strengthening Partnerships with Faith-Based Organisations in Addressing ICPD, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 5-6 May, 2008. A report on the conference proceedings. Author: Asia and the Pacific Regional Forum on Strengthening Partnerships with Faith-Based Organisations in Addressing ICPD (2008: Kuala Lumpur) Source: [New York, New York], United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA], 2008. 60 p. Abstract: Building on a legacy spanning three decades, UNFPA Country Offices in the Asia-Pacific region and their faith-based partners came together for a two-day consultation to assess the nature and impact of these partnerships in the areas of maternal health, gender equality, migration and youth welfare. This report documents the experiences and lessons learned from the varied initiatives of faith-based organizations, as well as the best practices emanating from these strategic alliances around the region. The discussions, recommendations for action and the many voices of critical faith-based actors, are all documented in this report. Language: English Keywords: ASIA | OCEANIA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATION | POLICYMAKERS | MATERNAL MORTALITY | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | HUMAN RIGHTS | UNFPA | COORDINATION | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | FOREIGN AID | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | UN | International Agencies | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 331357 |
| 25. Title: Intimate relations: Sex, lives and poverty. A resource for policy makers and programmers working in population and development. Author: Asia-Pacific Alliance Source: [Bangkok, Thailand], Asia-Pacific Alliance, 2008. [47] p. Abstract: The New Zealand Coalition of the Asia Pacific Alliance, advancing the ICPD agenda proudly presents a new resource: Intimate Relations: Sex, Lives and Poverty. This resource has been created as a tool to highlight how sexual and reproductive health is crucial to achieve quality development (or more specifically, the MDGs). With a Pacific flavour, the resource highlights the issues and provides a set of questions to guide policy-makers and programmers in thinking about sexual and reproductive health in all that they do. Language: English Keywords: OCEANIA | RECOMMENDATIONS | POLICYMAKERS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | POVERTY | GOALS | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | FOREIGN AID | EDUCATION | FAMILY PLANNING | ENVIRONMENT | Developing Countries | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Health | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Planning | Programs | Financial Activities Document Number: 331849 |
| 26. Title: Progress toward strengthening blood transfusion services--14 countries, 2003-2007. Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Source: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2008 Nov 28;57(47):1273-7. Abstract: Nearly all persons transfused with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected blood become infected, and blood transfusions are a substantial source of HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, especially among women and children. Since 2004, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has provided technical and financial support to strengthen national blood transfusion services in 14 countries in Africa and the Caribbean with high prevalence of HIV infection. PEPFAR has supported efforts to improve blood supply adequacy and safety by providing policy guidance, strengthening laboratory infrastructure, and enhancing blood donor recruitment and retention practices. To assess the progress made by these countries with PEPFAR support, CDC analyzed data collected by national blood transfusion services in the 14 countries during 2003-2007. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that 1) national policies had been established in 12 of the 14 countries; 2) the number of whole blood units collected had increased in all 14 countries; 3) the percentage of collections from voluntary, non-remunerated donors had increased; and 4) the percentage of collected blood units reactive for HIV had decreased in 13 of the 14 countries. Since the start of the PEPFAR initiative, progress toward improving safe and adequate supplies of blood has been made in the 14 countries with high prevalence of HIV infection. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION INDEXES | BLOOD DONORS | POLICYMAKERS | WORLD AIDS DAY | BLOOD TRANSFUSION | CAPACITY BUILDING | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | FOREIGN AID | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | SAFETY | STANDARDS | QUALITY CONTROL | HIV TESTING | Developing Countries | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Blood Supply | Equipment and Supplies | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | International Cooperation | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Treatment | Program Sustainability | Programs | Management | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Public Health | Research Methodology | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses Document Number: 329841 |
| 27. Title: Redefining AIDS in Asia: Crafting an effective response. Report of the Commission on AIDS in Asia. Author: Commission on AIDS in Asia Source: New Delhi, India, Oxford University Press, 2008. [255] p. Abstract: This report from an independent Commission on AIDS in Asia outlines strong recommendations for more effective national responses to AIDS across Asia. The report recommends that high-impact interventions, such as HIV prevention programs focused on key populations and antiretroviral treatment, should constitute the core of the HIV response across Asia. Language: English Keywords: ASIA | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION INDEXES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | POLICYMAKERS | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | FOREIGN AID | COST EFFECTIVENESS | HEALTH POLICY | IMPACT | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | AIDS | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Programs Document Number: 327397 |
| 28. Title: Obstetrical and gynecological devices; designation of special controls for male condoms made of natural rubber latex. Author: Food and Drug Administration, HHS Source: Federal Register. 2008 Nov 10;73(218):66522-39. Abstract: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending the classification regulation for condoms to designate a special control for male condoms made of natural rubber latex (latex). The special control for the device is the guidance document entitled "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Labeling for Natural Rubber Latex Condoms Classified Under 21 CFR 884.5300." The FDA will publish a notice in the Federal Register announcing the availability of the special control guidance document no later than the effective date of this final rule. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | RESEARCH REPORT | CLASSIFICATION | MEN | POLICYMAKERS | CONDOMS | PRODUCT APPROVAL | USFDA | SPERMICIDAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS | LEGISLATION | EPIDEMIOLOGY | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | USPHS | Government Agencies | Organizations | Contraceptive Agents | Public Health | Health | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases Document Number: 329830 |
| 29. Title: Rapid assessment tool for sexual and reproductive health and HIV linkages: a generic guide. Author: International Planned Parenthood Federation [IPPF]; United Nations Fund for Population Activities [UNFPA]; World Health Organization [WHO]; UNAIDS; Global Network of People Living with HIV / AIDS [GNP+] Source: London, England, IPPF, 2008 Oct. 88 p. Abstract: This adaptable tool can be used to assess linkages betweeen HIV and sexual and reproductive health at the policy, systems and service-delivery levels. It is intended also to identify gaps and ultimately to contribute to the development of country-specific action plans to forge and strengthen these linkages. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | MANUAL | CLASSIFICATION | HEALTH PERSONNEL | POLICYMAKERS | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | INTERVIEWS | QUESTIONNAIRES | HIV PREVENTION | RISK ASSESSMENT | TIME FACTORS | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organization and Administration | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Data Collection | Evaluation | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 327832 |
| 30. Title: Jamaican guidelines for comprehensive sexuality education. Pre-school through age 24. First edition. Author: Jamaica Task Force Committee for Comprehensive Sexuality Education Source: St. Ann, Jamaica, FAMPLAN, 2008. 130 p. Abstract: This resource for students from kindergarten through age 24, was developed through a process of consensus by a diverse National Task Force and Advisory Council of Jamaican experts representing the fields of sexuality education, youth development, sexual and reproductive health and rights, family planning, HIV and AIDS, gender, media, healthcare, and education, and is meant to improve comprehensive sexuality education for young people in Jamaica. These Guidelines will assist professionals in Jamaica by providing a broad range of sexuality education information for them to share at educational facilities, and community-based, non-governmental, and faith-based organizations that work with youth, in and out of schools, who are living in rural and urban communities. While this document is tailored to suit the needs in Jamaica, it offers a usable framework that can translate into many contexts and cultures. We hope that it also proves valuable to other countries, particularly in the Caribbean region. Language: English Keywords: JAMAICA | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | SEX EDUCATION | SEXUALITY | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | SEX BEHAVIOR | SAFER SEX | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CULTURE | CURRICULUM | PROGRAM DESIGN | HIV PREVENTION | HOTLINES | Caribbean | Americas | Developing Countries | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Education | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Information Document Number: 325224 |
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