1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Demographic and personality factors as predictors of HIV/STD partner-specific risk perceptions: implications for interventions. Author: Mehrotra P; Noar SM; Zimmerman RS; Palmgreen P Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2009 Feb;21(1):39-54. Abstract: Although risk perception as a motivator of precautionary behavior is a key component of several health behavior theories, this motivational hypothesis has found mixed support in the HIV/AIDS area. This may be, in part, because risk perceptions are more complex than they are treated in many studies of the motivational hypothesis. The current study examines demographic, personality, and sexual risk factors as predictors of partner-specific (main vs. casual) HIV/STD risk perceptions in a sample of 1,489 young adults. As expected, perceptions of HIV/STD risk were higher in the context of "casual" as compared with "main" partnerships. Although univariate analyses demonstrated that gender, race/ethnicity, sensation seeking, impulsivity, number of partners, and condom use all influenced HIV/STD risk perceptions, only gender, condom use, and race/ethnicity remained significant in multivariate analyses. Implications of these results for the design of efficacious HIV prevention interventions are discussed. Language: English Keywords: KENTUCKY | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | THEORETICAL MODELS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | YOUTH | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | PERSONALITY | HIV PREVENTION | PERCEPTION | RISK ASSESSMENT | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | SEX BEHAVIOR | MOTIVATION | RISK BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Population | Psychological Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Evaluation | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections Document Number: 331082 |
| 2. Title: The association of childhood personality on sexual risk taking during adolescence. Author: Atkins R Source: Journal of School Health. 2008 Nov;78(11):594-600. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sexual risk taking during adolescence such as failure to use contraception or condoms is associated with premature parenthood and high rates of sexually transmitted infection. The relation of childhood personality to sexual risk taking during adolescence has been largely unexplored. METHODS: Using data collected from participants in the Child Sample of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (CS-NLSY) when they were 5 or 6 years of age (time 1) and 17 or 18 years of age (time 2), the relation of childhood personality to sexual risk taking during adolescence was investigated. Maternal ratings of childhood personality were used to derive resiliency, undercontrol, and overcontrol prototypical profile scores for a diverse sample of 1219 child participants from the CS-NLSY. At time 2, participants reported whether they failed to use oral contraception or condoms during their last sexual intercourse. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of personality to sexual risk taking. RESULTS: Proximity to the overcontrolled personality prototype at time 1 was associated with a decreased likelihood of sexual risk taking. Age, male gender, and childhood cognitive achievement were also significant predictors of sexual risk taking. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that children with personality profiles in which internalizing traits are more prominent are less likely than their peers to engage in sexual risk taking during late adolescence. The findings of this study augment previous studies that indicate that personality is an important predictor of development and underscore the importance of conducting research into the processes by which personality influences health behavior. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | PERSONALITY | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Reproduction Document Number: 329616 |
| 3. Title: Profile of Puerto Rican HIV/AIDS patients with early and non-early initiation of injection drug use. Author: Baez Feliciano DV; Gomez MA; Fernandez-Santos DM; Quintana R; Rios-Olivares E; Hunter-Mellado RF Source: Ethnicity and Disease. 2008 Spring;18(2 Suppl 2):S2-99-104. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Early initiation of injection drug use (IDU) increases the risk of HIV infection. METHODS: We compare the sociodemographic, psychosocial, and clinical profiles of HIV-positive IDU patients according to the age at which IDU was initiated. This is a cross-sectional study of 1308 patients seen from 1992 through 2005. We compared the profile of patients with early (age < 13 years) vs non-early (age > 13 years) initiation of IDU. The Fisher and chi2 differences in proportions were performed to assess difference among study groups with earlier IDU. The Mantel-Haenszel test was used to calculate the odds ratio. The Kaplan-Meier and log rank tests were used to assess the median survival. Differences were considered significant at alpha = .05. RESULTS: Early initiation of IDU was reported in 11% of our sample. The early initiation group was more likely to smoke tobacco, use alcohol, attempt suicide, have a history of incarceration, have economic problems, and have episodes of anxiety, confusion, depression, excitation, impulsivity, and violence (P < .05). The general survival time of patients was 36.9 months (95% confidence interval 31.9-42.0). A higher prevalence of candidial esophagitis and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and a lower prevalence of hepatitis C virus coinfection were seen in the early initiation group (P < .05). No differences in mortality, use of antiretroviral therapy, or CD4 T-cell count were seen. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in terms of lifestyle, stress factors, and history of psychological events were seen in the group of patients with early initiation of IDU seen in our facilities. Differences in the clinical scenario were documented. Language: English Keywords: PUERTO RICO | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | IV DRUG USERS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | SUICIDE | ANXIETY DISORDERS | VIOLENCE | RISK FACTORS | RISK BEHAVIOR | PERSONALITY | HIV INFECTIONS | Caribbean | Americas | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Population | Population Characteristics | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Psychological Factors | Biology Document Number: 328750 |
| 4. Title: Adverse mood effects of combined oral contraceptives in relation to personality traits. Author: Borgstrom A; Odlind V; Ekselius L; Sundstrom-Poromaa I Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2008 Dec;141(2):127-30. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mood symptoms, such as depressed mood, anxiety and increased irritability, remain one of the major reasons for discontinuation of combined oral contraceptive (COC) pills. The aim of this study was to compare personality traits in women with ongoing or previous use of COCs and different experiences from these compounds with respect to adverse mood symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty women currently on COCs with no reports of adverse mood symptoms, 28 women currently on COCs and experiencing mood-related side effects, 27 women who had discontinued COC use for reasons other than adverse mood symptoms and 33 women who had discontinued COC use due to adverse mood effects were included. All participants were asked to fill out the Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP) to assess different personality traits. RESULTS: The women who were experiencing mood-related side effects on their current COC use exhibited higher scores on the somatic anxiety and stress susceptibility traits as comparedto the women who did not experience any mood-related side effects from their current COCs. Women who had discontinued COC treatment because of adverse mood effects had higher scores of detachment and mistrust compared to women who had discontinued COC for reasons unrelated to mood effects. CONCLUSION: Higher scores on specific personality traits such as somatic anxiety and stress susceptibility are found in women with ongoing experience of adverse mood symptoms from COC. Higher scores of mistrust and detachment are more common among women who have discontinued COC treatment due to adverse mood effects. Language: English Keywords: SWEDEN | RESEARCH REPORT | RISK ASSESSMENT | WOMEN | PERSONALITY | ESTROGENS | DEPRESSION | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | STRESS | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Evaluation | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Mental Disorders | Diseases | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 330844 |
| 5. Title: Sensation seeking and alcohol use predict HIV transmission risks: prospective study of sexually transmitted infection clinic patients, Cape Town, South Africa. Author: Kalichman SC; Simbayi L; Jooste S; Vermaak R; Cain D Source: Addictive Behaviors. 2008 Dec;33(12):1630-3. Abstract: Alcohol is related to HIV risk behaviors in southern Africa and these behaviors are correlated with sensation seeking personality and alcohol outcome expectancies. Here we report for the first time the associations among sensation seeking, substance use, and sexual risks in a prospective study in Africa. Sexually transmitted infection clinic patients in Cape Town South Africa (157 men and 64 women) completed (a) baseline measures of sensation seeking, sexual enhancement alcohol outcome expectancies, alcohol use in sexual contexts, and unprotected sexual behaviors and (b) 6-month follow-up measures of alcohol use in sexual contexts and unprotected sexual acts. Results confirmed that sensation seeking predicts HIV risk behavior and sensation seeking is related to alcohol outcome expectancies which in turn predict alcohol use in sexual contexts. HIV prevention counseling that addresses drinking in relation to sex is urgently needed in southern Africa. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CLIENTS | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV TRANSMISSION | RISK FACTORS | PERSONALITY | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Health | Psychological Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior Document Number: 342380 |
6.  Title: Understanding women's empowerment: a comparative analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data. Author: Kishor S; Subaiya L Source: Calverton, Maryland, Macro International, 2008 Oct. 225 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-C-00-03-00002-00DHS Comparative Reports No. 20) Abstract: This report examines the distribution and correlates of two different dimensions of the empowerment of currently married women age 15-49 in 23 developing countries. These dimensions are women’s participation in household decisionmaking and their attitudes regarding specific inequalities in gender roles. Language: English Keywords: DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | POPULATION DYNAMICS | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | POPULATION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | FAMILY PLANNING | AGE FACTORS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | FERTILITY | PERSONALITY | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | BEHAVIOR | VIRAL DISEASES | DISEASES | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Contraception Document Number: 329997 |
| 7. Title: "Where can I be deported?" Thinking through the "foreigner fetish" in Namibia. Author: Lorway R Source: Medical Anthropology. 2008 Jan;27(1):70-97. Abstract: In "Thinking through the Foreigner Fetish," I examine the safer sex difficulties that form unevenly around class, gender, and ethnicity for a community of Namibian township youth involved in a transnationally-mediated queer rights movement. Post-structural notions of "desire" are employed in this article to re-orient political economic frameworks that consider "the body" in sex tourism in Marxists terms of "commodification" and "alienation." Through ethnographic account, I emphasize the practices through which local actors reflect on the value and authenticity of their "self" in relation to the "global gay Other." By examining the moral economies of selfhood generated within the relationships between local and foreign males, I attempt to move discussions of "sex tourism" and "HIV-vulnerability" beyond binary notions of "structure" and "agency." (author's) Language: English Keywords: NAMIBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | HOMOSEXUALS | STIGMA | PERSONALITY | TRAVEL AND TOURISM | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Economic Factors Document Number: 324469 |
| 8. Title: Negotiating with modernity: young women and sexuality in Iran. Author: Sadeghi F Source: Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. 2008;28(2):250-259. Abstract: Iranian society has changed considerably during the past twenty-seven years. While these changes are mostly visible in the appearance of the people and cities, less visible changes have also happened in traditional family norms and private life, especially where the young people are concerned. When they are acknowledged, these changes are referred to as a "generation gap" that occurred after the Islamic revolution.1 Among young women, changes in behavior and identity are evident not only among the "misveiled" (badhijab) girls (those who wear hijab in order to accommodate themselves to Iranian legal requirements yet intentionally disregard the spirit if not precisely the letter of the law) but also among "veiled" girls (often referred to as chadori, whether or not they actually wear the chador). Based on research done in 2005 -6 through in-depth interviews with young urban Iranian women about their private and public lives, this essay examines whether as these girls are becoming less overtly traditional they are claiming their own subjectivity. The analysis indicates that although these young women are not as docile to traditional norms as previous generations were, they can hardly be considered a radically modern generation in terms of breaking with the deeper social conventions of the past. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: IRAN | LITERATURE REVIEW | INTERVIEWS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | YOUTH | ISLAM | SEXUALITY | LIFE STYLE | PERSONALITY | PERSONHOOD | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | SOCIAL CHANGE | Middle East | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sex Behavior Document Number: 327869 |
| 9. Title: Selective international migration by social position, health behaviour and personality. Author: Silventoinen K; Hammar N; Hedlund E; Koskenvuo M; Ronnemaa T Source: European Journal of Public Health. 2008 Apr;18(2):150-155. Abstract: Immigrants is an important minority in many countries, but little is known how they are self-selected. We analysed differences in psycho-social and health behavioural factors between international migrants and non-migrants prior to migration in a large cohort of Finnish twins. A questionnaire was sent to Finnish twins in 1975 (response rate 89%, N = 26555 twin individuals). Follow-up data on migration and mortality were derived from population registries in Finland and Sweden up to 31 March 2002. In 1998, another questionnaire was sent to Finnish twins migrated to Sweden and their co-twins (response rate 71%, N = 1534 twin individuals). The data were analysed using Cox and conditional logistic regression models. Life dissatisfaction, higher alcohol use and smoking at baseline predicted future migration. In men additionally, unemployment, neuroticism and extroversion increased the probability to migrate. Similar associations were found for alcohol use in men and smoking in men and women within twinpairs discordant for migration. Twins also reported retrospectively that prior to migration the migrated twin had been less satisfied with his/her educational institution or job and was generally less satisfied with life, used more alcohol (men) and smoked more (women) than the co-twin stayed in Finland. Migrants are self-selected by health behavioural and personality factors, which may compromise their health. The special requirements of migrants should be recognized in health care. (author's) Language: English Keywords: FINLAND | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | MIGRANTS | SEX FACTORS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | BEHAVIOR | HEALTH | TOBACCO USE | PERSONALITY | EDUCATION | UNEMPLOYMENT | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Psychological Factors | Employment | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 325316 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: The effects of temperament and character on the choice of contraceptive methods. Author: Aker S; Boke O; Dundar C; Peksen Y Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2007 Dec;12(4):378-384. Abstract: The objectives were to identify the effects of temperament and character on the selection of contraceptive methods. A Cross-sectional study carried out in June 2005 at the Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Health College with the participation of 102 young women. The participants were asked to complete the Contraception Choice Questionnaire devised by the researchers, and the Cloninger Temperament and Character Inventory. The mean age of the participants was 22.30+or-1.27 years; 39 participants (38.2%) mentioned Norplant, 30 (29.4%) condoms, 17 (16.6%) intrauterine devices (IUDs) and 16 (15.7%) oral contraceptives (OCs) as the method they would consider using in the future. The mean scores of self-directedness and self-transcendence of the groups differed significantly (p<0.05). Students who indicated they would choose OCs had higher average scores for self-directedness than those choosing IUDs; the mean self-transcendence scores of students choosing IUDs were significantly higher than the scores ofthose selecting condoms (p<0.01). Subjects choosing Norplant cited ease of use; those choosing condoms cited their eliciting fewer side effects; those choosing IUDs cited their high levels of safety; and those choosing OCs cited ease of use and high reliability as the reasons for their choices. We think that identifying the roles of temperament and character in the selection process of a contraceptive method will help in achieving a wider application of contraception. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | QUESTIONNAIRES | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | CONDOMS | IUD | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | PERSONALITY | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Barrier Methods | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 322481 |
| 11. Title: Personality profile among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positives and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients of injecting drug users. Author: Budhachandra Y; Ramesh K; Sumitra G Source: Kathmandu University Medical Journal. 2007 Jan-Mar;5(1):38-41. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to find out the various personality factors among HIV/AIDS patients of injecting drug users. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted during the period of July 2001 to August 2004 at Manipur State, India in which 60 samples of both male and female in the age range of 21 to 35 years were taken through the helps from R.I.M.S Hospital, Imphal, J.N. Hospital, Imphal and several NGOs of Manipur. The patients were administered 16 PF (Personality profile developed by R.B. Cattell and H.W. Eber) test in which 16 personalities were detected. RESULTS: The profile of the respondents includes age and sex cases of HIV/ AIDS. In the sample among the HIV/AIDS patients, from the age group of 21 to 25 years consists of only 20%. Most of the patients are from 26 to 35 years consisting of two age groups, i.e., 26 to 30 years and 31 to 35 years having 40% each with total of 80%. In the survey, it has been found that majority of the HIV/AIDS patients is male which consists of 60% and remaining 40% belongs to female in the ratio of 60:40. The following four scales are used to explain personality profile: 1 Introversion vs extraversion. 2 Low anxiety vs high anxiety. 3 Emotional sensitivity vs tough poise. 4 Subdueness vs independence. Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | IV DRUG USERS | PERSONALITY | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 329445 |
| 12. Title: Perceived paternal and maternal acceptance and children's outcomes in Colombia. Author: Lila M; García F; Gracia E Source: Social Behavior and Personality. 2007;35(1):115-124. Abstract: The relationship between perceived paternal and maternal acceptance and children's adjustment was analyzed. The sample consisted of 234 children and 234 parental figures (mother or primary female caregiver, and father or primary male caregiver) living in two-parent nuclear families in Colombia. The children's age range was 7 to 13 (M = 9.7). Children completed the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire, and the Personality Assessment Questionnaire. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist. The analyses revealed that perceived paternal and maternal acceptance were both related to self-reported children's psychological adjustment. Perceived acceptance from mothers, but not from fathers, was directly related to children's behavioral problems as reported by parents. Results suggested that the effect of perceived paternal acceptance on children's behavioral problems is indirect, and that maternal acceptance mediates the effects of paternal acceptance. (author's) Language: English Keywords: COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | CHILD | MOTHERS | FATHERS | NUCLEAR FAMILY | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | BEHAVIOR | PERSONALITY | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior Document Number: 318109 |
| 13. Title: Personality correlates of HIV stigmatization in Russia and the United States. Author: McCrae RR; Costa PT Jr; Martin TA; Oryol VE; Senin IG Source: Journal of Research in Personality 41. 2007 Feb;41(1):190-196. Abstract: To determine whether stigmatizing attitudes towards HIV/AIDS are associated with personality traits, and whether these associations are generalizable across two cultures, we administered the English and the brief Russian version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, a standardized measure of a comprehensive model of personality traits, together with items assessing HIV stigmatization. We hypothesized that stigmatization would be associated chiefly with low Openness to Experience. Self-reports and observer ratings of personality and self-reports of HIV attitudes were collected from volunteers recruited by research assistants. HIV stigmatization was more pronounced in Russia than in the United States, but it was similarly related to personality traits, chiefly low Openness to Experience, a variable associated with other forms of prejudice, and low Agreeableness, suggesting a lack of altruism and sympathy. HIV stigmatization is especially likely to be a problem with people, and in cultures, low in Openness to Experience. (author's) Language: English Keywords: RUSSIA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | STIGMA | ATTITUDES | PERCEPTION | PERSONALITY | HIV | AIDS | Asia, Northern | Asia | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 318062 |
| 14. Title: Regional context and fertility in contemporary Italy. Author: White MJ; Gabrielli G; Bernardi L; Kertzer DI; Perra S Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. 25 p. Abstract: Our motivation in this paper comes from a growing concern in demography for a better understanding of context in reproductive behavior outcomes. This takes on particular importance in Italy, a country still characterized by very low fertility. We exploit detailed life history calendar data for a large, nationally representative sample of Italian women, and we conduct a more refined analysis of the relationship between personal traits, regional context and fertility. After introducing the Italian setting, the descriptive analysis verifies the persistence of significant differences in the reproductive behavior of women according to region of origin. Our multivariate analysis tests for the influence of women's employment, union status, region of origin, and other standard traits on the annual probability of first and second birth. Our results point to very strong effects of a woman's own employment (and weaker effects of her regional context) on first and second birth. We also find that more secular unions are associated with lower rates of first birth, and that more secular regional contexts are associated with lower rates of transition to first birth. Advocates of several competing explanations of very low fertility will find items of support in these results. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ITALY | RESEARCH REPORT | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | LOW FERTILITY POPULATION | WOMEN | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | PERSONALITY | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | EMPLOYMENT STATUS | ORIGIN | LABOR UNIONS | Europe, Southern | Europe | Developed Countries | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Geography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Migration | Organizations | Political Factors Document Number: 317360 |
| 15. Title: Longitudinal test of a multiple domain model of adolescent condom use. Author: Zimmerman RS; Noar SM; Feist-Price S; Dekthar O; Cupp PK Source: Journal of Sex Research. 2007;44(4):380-394. Abstract: A comprehensive multiple domain model (MDM) to understand condom use in adolescents was proposed and tested using structural equation modeling of data at three time points. The proposed model integrates social psychological theory, demographic and personality factors, social environment, and situational/contextual variables. Adolescents who were sexually active at time 2 (6 months after baseline) and time 3 (I year after time 2) and completed surveys at all three time points were included in the analyses (N = 511). An iterative process of model testing resulted in a structural equation model that provided a good fit to the data (CFI = .92, RMSEA = .04). Models comparing gender and race as moderators also were calculated and supported the generalizability of the model. Results provide support for an MDM that goes beyond traditional social psychological models for a broader understanding of condom me in adolescents. Implications for further theory testing and safer .sexual interventions are discussed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | THEORETICAL STUDIES | KAP SURVEYS | THEORETICAL MODELS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | ADOLESCENTS | ETHNIC GROUPS | CONDOM USE | SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY | SEX FACTORS | RELIABILITY | PERSONALITY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Psychology | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Measurement | Psychological Factors Document Number: 325196 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: South African adolescents: pathways to risky sexual behavior. Author: Brook DW; Morojele NK; Zhang C; Brook JS Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2006;18(3):259-272. Abstract: This study tested a developmental model of pathways to risky sexual behavior among South African adolescents. Participants comprised 633 adolescents, 12--17 years old, recruited from households in Durban, South Africa. Data were collected using in--person interviews. Topics included adolescents' sexual behaviors, household poverty levels, vulnerable personality and behavioral attributes, parent--child relations, and deviant peers. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the pathways to risky sexual behavior among the adolescents. The goodness-of-fit index (GFI) was .93. One major pathway indicated that family poverty was associated with difficulty in the parent--child relationship. This was related to vulnerable personality and behavioral attributes and to association with deviant peers, which, in turn, were related to risky sexual behavior. Findings suggest that poverty, parent--child relations, personality and behavioral vulnerabilities, and peer influences should be among factors addressed by prevention and intervention programs to reduce sexual risk behaviors by South African adolescents. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | ADOLESCENTS | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | POVERTY | PEER PRESSURE | PERSONALITY | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Theoretical Models | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Psychosocial Factors | Psychological Factors | Child Rearing Document Number: 302136 |
| 17. Title: The relationship between maternal attitudes and young people’s attitudes toward children’s rights. Author: Day DM; Peterson-Badali M; Ruck MD Source: Journal of Adolescence. 2006 Apr;29(2):193-207. Abstract: Relations between maternal socio-political attitudes and parenting style and young people’s and mothers’ attitudes toward young people’s nurturance and self-determination rights were examined. Both young people (n = 121) and mothers (n = 67) were more supportive of nurturance than self-determination rights, although young people were more supportive than their mothers of self-determination rights and mothers were more supportive than young people of nurturance rights. Maternal conservatism was unrelated to young people’s support for rights and negatively related to mothers’ support for both types of rights. Last, young people who perceived their mother to be either authoritarian or uninvolved showed stronger endorsement of self-determination rights than young people who perceived their mother to be authoritative. The implications of these findings for the development of young people’s attitudes toward rights within the context of various family factors are discussed. In particular, it is suggested that a balance needs to be achieved between assertion of rights and a respect for the rights of others. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | PARENTS | MOTHERS | POLITICAL FACTORS | ATTITUDES | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | PERSONALITY | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Biology | Child Rearing Document Number: 300263 |
| 18. Title: Adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy Part I: A review of factors that influence adherence. Author: Heyer A; Ogunbanjo GA Source: South African Family Practice. 2006 Sep;48(8):5-6, 8-9. Abstract: Near perfect adherence to ART is required to prevent treatment failure in the individual and to prevent the spread of drug-resistant viruses. Factors that influence adherence to ART can be divided into factors related to the treatment regimen; social and psychological factors; institutional resources; and personal attributes. The treatment regimen should be kept as simple as possible and be tailored to the patient's lifestyle. Untreated side effects are one of the strongest predictors of non-adherence. Mental disorders and drug/alcohol abuse should be addressed before initiating treatment. The patient's attitude towards medication and health beliefs could adversely influence adherence. The development of healthcare infrastructure should be a high priority and services should be patient orientated. Few personal attributes are consistently associated with adherence. Healthcare workers are poor at predicting adherence. The South African guidelines therefore focus on providing comprehensive adherence support to all patients. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | USER COMPLIANCE | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | AIDS PREVENTION | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | DRUG RESISTANCE | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | PERSONALITY | MENTAL DISORDERS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | RISK FACTORS | ATTITUDES | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | HIV | AIDS | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Biology Document Number: 318514 |
| 19. Title: Personality traits as predictors of intentions to seek online information about STDs and HIV / AIDS among junior and senior college students in Taiwan. Author: Lu HY; Palmgreen PC; Zimmerman RS; Lane DR; Alexander LJ Source: CyberPsychology and Behavior. 2006;9(5):577-583. Abstract: The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to examine how personality traits such as sensation-seeking and impulsive decision-making affect Taiwanese college students' intentions to seek online information about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Five hundred thirty-five (n = 535) junior and senior college students in Taiwan were recruited and completed self-report questionnaires. This study found high sensation-seekers were more likely to seek information about STDs and HIV/AIDS on the Internet than low sensation-seekers. Impulsive decision-makers were less likely than rational decision-makers to seek information about STDs and HIV/AIDS on the Internet. These findings suggest that personality needs to be considered as an exploratory factor which potentially influences intentions to seek STD and HIV/AIDS information on the Internet among Taiwanese college students. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TAIWAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | SURVEYS | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | PERSONALITY | DECISION MAKING | INTERNET | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Studies | Education | Schools | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Information Networks | Communication | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases Document Number: 317945 |
| 20. Title: Sexual identity development among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: consistency and change over time. Author: Rosario M Source: Journal of Sex Research. 2006 Feb;43(1):[22] p.. Abstract: The development of a lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) sexual identity is a complex and often difficult process. Unlike members of other minority groups (e.g., ethnic and racial minorities), most LGB individuals are not raised in a community of similar others from whom they learn about their identity and who reinforce and support that identity. Rather, LGB individuals are often raised in communities that are either ignorant of or openly hostile toward homosexuality. Because sexual identity development is a process for which LGB individuals have been unprepared and which is contextually unsupported and stigmatized, it would seem that the process would be characterized by inconsistency or incongruence among its affective, cognitive, and behavioral components, such that behavior may not always coincide with affect or identity. However, psychological theory has long maintained that individuals seek to achieve congruence among affect, cognitions, and behaviors because incongruity generates psychological tension. Thus, same-sex oriented affect and behavior may lead individuals to adopt an identity consistent with such sentiments and behavior (e.g, as gay or lesbian). Similarly, identification as gay or lesbian may lead individuals to engage in sexual behaviors consistent with that identity. Indeed, the incongruence among gay identity and heterosexual behavior has been used to explain the eventual transition from heterosexual to homosexual behavior, so as to eliminate dissonance between identity and behavior. In this article, we examine consistency and change in LGB sexual identity, as well as the congruence between changes in identity and other aspects of sexuality (e.g., behavior, affect, and attitudes). (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | HOMOSEXUALS | WOMEN | MEN | ETHNIC GROUPS | MINORITY GROUPS | YOUTH | SEXUALITY | BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT | PERSONALITY | ATTITUDES | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Age Factors Document Number: 314286 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Reassessing mental health of women in Calcutta. Author: Chakraborty A Source: Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 2005 Feb;:[6] p.. Abstract: Mental health has no precise meaning; it is generally used to denote psychological well-being. Psychiatric categories are based on mood and behaviour of patients, which are dependent on observation; and so subjective factors influence diagnoses. Human interactions based on emotion are myriad; its presentation is determined by culture, which indicates that there is more diversity in presentation of disordered conditions. These few lines are meant to highlight that we are dealing with matters where precision and definitive statements are difficult. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | MENTAL HEALTH | MENTAL DISORDERS | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | DEPRESSION | PERSONALITY | ANXIETY DISORDERS | AGE FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | MARITAL STATUS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Population Characteristics | Economic Factors | Nuptiality Document Number: 307468 |
| 22. Title: The Yoruba personality assessment criteria. Author: Elegbeleye OS Source: Studies of Tribes and Tribals. 2005;3(2):85-91. Abstract: This analysis presented the personality assessment criteria often used by the Yoruba as a psychological tool to position an individual on the social responsibility scale and also to determine the norm compliant level of the Yoruba person. The study focused on the four core criteria upon which such assessment is anchored. These are; the family arrangement and child rearing technique, which is the foundation of personality building block, socialization processes from childhood to adulthood, classification of personality types, attribution values and personality types. This is a response to the yearning that seeks to integrate socio -- cultural beliefs and practices into the building block of personality development. A haunch that is expected to give both Clinical and Counselling practices a boost. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | CLASSIFICATION | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | PERSONALITY | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | CHILD REARING | SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT | PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT | CULTURE | COUNSELING | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Communication | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 305587 |
| 23. Title: Discourses of desire as governmentality: young women, sexuality and the significance of safe spaces. Author: Harris A Source: Feminism and Psychology. 2005;15(1):39-43. Abstract: In this article I claim that, to some considerable extent, the emergence of a genuine discourse of young women's sexual desire has both already occurred and is not unproblematic. In many ways, young women are afforded more opportunities to speak, enact and display sexual desire than ever before. The impact of feminist and sexual liberationist paradigms has been felt across popular culture and public policy -- from Sex and the City to harm-minimization sex-education programmes in some curricula -- where we witness a proliferation of images and languages around young female sexual desire. While there is much to be celebrated in this, here I want to open up some questions about the regulatory elements of this public emergence of a discourse of desire. I pursue the lesser acknowledged but equally significant concept raised in Fine's paper, that of the 'safe space', to identify how and where some young women articulate desire for themselves, and to problematize a simple eliciting of discourses in light of the ways these can be appropriate and misused. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | YOUTH | WOMEN | SEXUALITY | PERSONALITY | FEMALE ROLE | COMMUNICATION | FEMINISM | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Behavior | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 298989 |
| 24. Title: Maternal ratings of temperamental characteristics of healthy premature infants are indistinguishable from those of full-term infants. Author: Kerestes G Source: Croatian Medical Journal. 2005;46(1):36-44. Abstract: The aim was to investigate whether prematurity itself, if not accompanied with serious medical risks, affects early temperamental characteristics, as measured by maternal ratings. Mothers' reports on temperamental characteristics of 104 low-risk, healthy premature infants were compared with those from a comparable sample of 120 full-term infants. Mothers completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) when their infants were 6 or 12 months old (corrected for prematurity for premature infants). Two groups of infants significantly differed only in one of six IBQ scales, the Activity Level scale, with premature infants being rated by their mothers as more active than full-term infants (ANOVA, P=0.026). Most of the interactions of prematurity with age and sex were insignificant, as well as the main effects of age and sex. Furthermore, effect sizes Cohen's d) were relatively small, even for statistically significant effects. Correlation analyses performed within the premature sample showed that premature infants' gestational ages at birth did not significantly correlate with IBQ scales, except with Duration of Orienting scale, on which more premature infants were rated as having shorter periods of orienting (r=0.21, P=0.036). Ratings of premature infants' mothers on five out of six temperament dimensions measured in the study were indistinguishable from those of full-term infants' mothers. As the study had high power of achieving significant effects of prematurity if they really existed, it can be concluded that prematurity per se, if not accompanied with serious medical problems, did not have profound influence on mothers' ratings of infant temperament. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CROATIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | INFANT, PREMATURE | MOTHERS | PERSONALITY | INFANT HEALTH | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Research Methodology | Infant | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Child Health | Health Document Number: 294455 |
| 25. Title: Sexual activity and risk taking in young heterosexual men: the relevance of sexual arousability, mood, and sensation seeking. Author: Bancroft J Source: Journal of Sex Research. 2004 May;41(2):[29] p. Abstract: In the theoretical model that guides our research, we make the distinction between risk appraisal, which is the focus of most of the existing models (how much risk does this type of situation involve?), and risk management (how is the risk actually dealt with when the time comes?). Although in real terms there is an overlap between these two processes (e.g., intention to use a condom results from risk appraisal), we believe that the distinction is conceptually useful, as risk management focuses attention on both situational factors and personality traits of the individual that influence his or her state of mind at the time when the risk is either taken or avoided (e.g., intention is or is not translated into behavior). The report of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Theorists' Workshop concluded that no one performs a given behavior unless the advantages are seen to outweigh the disadvantages. By risk management we mean the implementation of this tradeoff process, and how it is affected by the state of mind at the time. In the study reported here, we focused on four potentially important mediating factors that contribute to this state of mind: (a) sexual arousal, (b) mood, (c) sensation seeking, and (d) assertiveness in the sexual relationship. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | MEN | YOUTH | HETEROSEXUALS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | PERSONALITY | CONDOM USE | SEXUALITY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior Document Number: 286333 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Perfectionism dimensions in children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Author: Castro J; Gila A; Gual P; Lahortiga F; Saura B Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2004;35:392-398. Abstract: The purpose was to assess the dimensions of perfectionism in adolescents with anorexia nervosa in comparison with adolescents from the general population and to validate the Spanish versions of two measures of perfectionism. The Child and Adolescents Perfectionism Scale (CAPS), the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale (PSPS) scale, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to a group of 71 anorexia nervosa patients (mean age 15.3 years). Moreover, the CAPS and the PSPS were also administered to 113 adolescents from the general population (mean age 14.6 years). The CAPS and the PSPS were administered again after 1 week in 68 subjects to evaluate test-retest reliability. Both the CAPS and the PSPS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha for anorexia nervosa patients = .91; Cronbach alpha for general population = .85) and the two scales of the CAPS also had alpha coefficients in excess of .7. One-week test-retest reliability was also adequate (r = .80). Anorexia nervosa patients had higher mean scores in Self-oriented perfectionism (p < .001) and Perfectionistic self-presentation (p < .001) but not in Socially prescribed perfectionism (p = .292). There were significant correlations among perfectionism and the EAT and the BDI. A percentage of anorexia nervosa patients between 39% and 42% obtained a score higher than the mean in the comparison group plus two standard deviations in Self-oriented perfectionism and Perfectionistics self-presentation. The Spanish version of the CAPS and the PSPS showed good psychometric properties. A percentage of 40% of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa show high Self-oriented perfectionism and Perfectionistic self-presentation. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SPAIN | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | CLIENTS | MENTAL DISORDERS | SELF ESTEEM | SELF-PERCEPTION | TESTING | RELIABILITY | PERSONALITY | DEPRESSION | Developed Countries | Europe, Southwestern | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Perception | Measurement Document Number: 276089 |
| 27. Title: Personality and sexual orientation. Author: Harris CM Source: College Student Journal. 2004 Jun;38(2):[7] p.. Abstract: Bases for individual acceptance and cultural integration of gays and lesbians were investigated by assessing qualities of personality among four participant groups: Heterosexual females, heterosexual males, homosexual females, and homosexual males. Personality was operationally defined as personal qualities and characteristics associated with interpersonal behavior. The assessment instrument was a widely used psychological inventory that was developed for use with typically functioning persons. No significant differences on five of the seven qualities of personality revealed greater similarity than difference among the four participant groups. Significant gender differences were revealed on the personal quality, independence, with women scoring higher than men. Also, significant differences on the personal quality, empathy, were revealed for sexual orientation, with homosexuals scoring higher than heterosexuals. Implications of the findings were discussed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | HOMOSEXUALS | HETEROSEXUALS | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | PERSONALITY | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | GENDER ISSUES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Education | Schools | Psychological Factors | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 296001 |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Some reflections on diffusion theory and the role of Everett Rogers. Author: Hornik R Source: Journal of Health Communication. 2004 Jun;9 Suppl 1:143-148. Abstract: Diffusion theory as summarized and elaborated and defined by Rogers has many theoretical propositions, core conceptualizations, and data to support them. However in the broadest sense it seems to me that there are four big questions that DOI set for us. Sometimes the potential answers come from Rogers and his work; sometimes they come from others, often in deliberate response to DOI. 1. What is the process of invention and adaptation of technologies or ideas subject to diffusion? 2. Why do some people (or collectivities) adopt before others? 3. What is the process that people go through as they adopt? – What are the stages they go through? – What influences them at each stage (sources)? 4. What are the consequences with regard to social welfare (growth and equity) given particular policies about, or patterns of, diffusion? In this brief essay my goal is to address parts of second and third of these questions. I want to point to ideas in the DOI framework which seem particularly important for people like me who are interested in the problem of behavior change and the possible role of communication interventions in influencing such change. While I will restrict my comments in this way, I do so only after admitting fascination with each of the four questions. I focus on the three issues described next because I think they reflect particularly valuable contributions of DOI theory to my own thinking. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | THEORETICAL STUDIES | POPULATION | DIFFUSION | COMMUNICATION | ACCEPTANCE PROCESS | DECISION MAKING | BEHAVIOR | SOCIOLOGY | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | PERSONALITY | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Social Sciences Document Number: 190726 |
| 29. Title: Beauty is nothing to be ashamed of: beauty contests as tools of women's liberation in early republican Turkey. Author: Shissler AH Source: Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. 2004;24(1):107-122. Abstract: My concept of beauty pageants has largely been colored by the analysis and critiques of second wave feminism, epitomized by the women's liberation demonstrations against the Miss America pageant in Atlantic City in 1968 and 1969. There, the demonstrators protested the use of women's bodies for purposes of commercial advertising, and the reinforcing of stereotypes of femininity and beauty (tall, slender, young, and white), of good women and bad women, and of the notion that a woman is valuable for her body, not her brains. In short, the pageant was denounced for embodying a whole package of sexist evils that came to be summed up, more or less, in the phrase "the objectification of women." An activist of the period expressed it thus: "Women in our society are forced daily to compete for male approval, enslaved by ludicrous beauty standards that we ourselves are conditioned to take seriously and to accept." (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | LITERATURE REVIEW | WOMEN | PERSONALITY | CONTESTS | POLITICAL FACTORS | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Incentives | Policy Document Number: 289085 |
| 30. Title: Mating strategies of young women: role of physical attractiveness. [Stratégies d'accouplement chez les jeunes femmes : rôle de l'attraction physique] Author: Singh D Source: Journal of Sex Research. 2004 Feb;41(1):[29] p. Abstract: One of the most robust and reliable findings in the scientific literature on interpersonal attraction is the overwhelming role played by physical attractiveness in defining the ideal romantic partner. Both men and women express marked preference for an attractive partner in a noncommitted short-term (casual, one night stand) relationship. For committed long-term relationships, females appear to be willing to relax their demand for a partner's attractiveness, especially for males with high social status or good financial prospects. Males also look for various personality qualities (kindness, understanding, good parental skills) in their search for long-term mating partners, but unlike females, they assign disproportionately greater importance to attractiveness compared to other personal qualities. The paramount importance of attractiveness in males' mate choices has been recently demonstrated by using the distinction between necessities (i.e., essential needs, such as food and shelter) and luxuries (i.e., objects that are sought after essential needs have been satisfied, such as a yacht or expensive car) made by economists. Using this method, Li, Bailey, Kenrick, and Linsenmeier reported that males treat female attractiveness as a necessity in romantic relationships; given a limited "mating budget," males allocate the largest proportion of their budget to physical attractiveness rather than to other attributes such as an exciting personality, liveliness, and sense of humor. (excerpt) French Abstract: L'une des constatations les plus solides et les plus rationnelles ressortant de la documentation scientifique sur l'attraction interpersonnelle est le rôle extrêmement important joué par l'attraction physique lors de la définition du partenaire romantique idéal. Les hommes comme les femmes déclarent préférer nettement un partenaire au physique séduisant pour leurs relations non sérieuses à court terme (relations sexuelles récréatives ou d'une seule nuit). Pour leurs relations sérieuses à long terme, les femmes semblent prêtes à relâcher leurs exigences en matière de physique du partenaire masculin, particulièrement au profit d'un statut social élevé ou de bonnes perspectives financières. Si les hommes portent également de l'attention aux divers traits de caractère (gentillesse, ouverture d'esprit, bonnes aptitudes parentales, etc.) lorsqu'ils recherchent une partenaire à long terme, à la différence des femmes, ils accordent une importance disproportionnellement plus grande à l'attraction physique qu'aux autres attributs personnels. L'importance capitale que les hommes accordent à l'attraction physique lors du choix d'un partenaire sexuel a récemment été démontrée en établissant un parallèle avec la distinction faite par les économistes entre les produits de première nécessité (c'est-à-dire les choses dont nul ne peut se passer, telles qu'un abri et de la nourriture) et les articles de luxe (c'est-à-dire les objets que le consommateur peut acquérir une fois ses besoins essentiels remplis, tels qu'un yacht ou une voiture de sport). Par le biais de cette comparaison, Li, Bailey, Kenrick et Linsenmeier ont établi que, dans leurs relations romantiques, les hommes considèrent le physique attrayant d'une femme comme un produit de première nécessité ; si on leur octroyait un certain " budget d'accouplement ", ils en dépenseraient la plus grande partie en attributs physiques plutôt qu'en autres attributs tels que personnalité intéressante, dynamisme, sens de l'humour, etc. (extrait) Language: English Keywords: PORTUGAL | GUINEA-BISSAU | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | MATE SELECTION | PERSONALITY | SOCIAL BEHAVIOR | BODY WEIGHT | SEX FACTORS | PERCEPTION | FIDELITY | SELF-PERCEPTION | Developed Countries | Europe, Southwestern | Europe | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Marriage | Nuptiality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Physiology | Biology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior Document Number: 286309 |
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