1.  Title: Reproductive and hormonal factors, and ovarian cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: results from the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study. Author: Antoniou AC; Rookus M; Andrieu N; Brohet R; Chang-Claude J Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. 2009 Feb;18(2):601-10. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Several reproductive and hormonal factors are known to be associated with ovarian cancer risk in the general population, including parity and oral contraceptive (OC) use. However, their effect on ovarian cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers has only been investigated in a small number of studies. METHODS: We used data on 2,281 BRCA1 carriers and 1,038 BRCA2 carriers from the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study to evaluate the effect of reproductive and hormonal factors on ovarian cancer risk for mutation carriers. Data were analyzed within a weighted Cox proportional hazards framework. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the risk of ovarian cancer between parous and nulliparous carriers. For parous BRCA1 mutation carriers, the risk of ovarian cancer was reduced with each additional full-term pregnancy (P trend = 0.002). BRCA1 carriers who had ever used OC were at a significantly reduced risk of developing ovarian cancer (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence intervals, 0.37-0.73; P = 0.0002) and increasing duration of OC use was associated with a reduced ovarian cancer risk (P trend = 0.0004). The protective effect of OC use for BRCA1 mutation carriers seemed to be greater among more recent users. Tubal ligation was associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer for BRCA1 carriers (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence intervals, 0.22-0.80; P = 0.008). The number of ovarian cancer cases in BRCA2 mutation carriers was too small to draw definitive conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide further confirmation that OC use, number of full-term pregnancies, and tubal ligation are associated with ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 carriers to a similar relative extent as in the general population. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPED COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | COHORT ANALYSIS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | WOMEN | PREVALENCE | RISK ASSESSMENT | OVARIAN CANCER | CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES | PARITY | RISK FACTORS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, SIDE EFFECTS | TUBAL LIGATION | Research Methodology | Comparative Studies | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Measurement | Evaluation | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Health | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Public Health | Female Sterilization | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning Document Number: 331025 |
| 2. Title: Inadequate use of prenatal services among brazilian women: the role of maternal characteristics. Author: Bassani DG; Surkan PJ; Olinto MT Source: International Perspectives On Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Mar;35(1):15-20. Abstract: CONTEXT: To improve the uptake of prenatal care, it is important to know how the use of prenatal care varies by maternal attitudes and social and demographic factors. METHODS: Information about social and demographic variables, prenatal care, parity, pregnancy planning, abortion attempts, satisfaction with pregnancy and satisfaction with the relationship with the child's father was collected from 611 postpartum women in Porto Alegre in southern Brazil. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between these variables and whether the women's use of prenatal care was adequate, partially inadequate or inadequate. RESULTS: About 40% of women had inadequate or partially inadequate prenatal care. After adjustment for other covariates, including satisfaction with the pregnancy, women having an unplanned pregnancy were significantly more likely to have had inadequate care than women who had planned their pregnancy (odds ratio, 2.0). Not living with the child's father (2.8) and dissatisfaction with pregnancy (2.1) were also associated with inadequate use of prenatal care. Women having their second or higher order birth were significantly more likely to report inadequate use of prenatal care than women having their first birth (3.9-9.0). Household income was inversely associated with inadequate use of care. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that maternal attitudes may be important for adequate prenatal care. Interventions should be created to encourage women with negative maternal attitudes to use prenatal care and to ensure that they have access to the care they need. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | ANTENATAL CARE | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | ATTITUDES | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | PARITY | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Puerperium | Reproduction | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors Document Number: 341412 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: How does gestational diabetes affect postpartum contraception in nondiabetic primiparous women? Author: Beydoun HA; Beydoun MA; Tamim H Source: Contraception. 2009 Apr;79(4):290-6. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to explore the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on postpartum contraception among nondiabetic primiparous women. STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analyses of 2004-2005 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data from Michigan and Oregon. METHODS: Analyses were performed on 2332 women, taking complex survey design into consideration. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (cOR; aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Postpartum use of hormonal (aOR=1.12, 95% CI: 0.68-1.83) and nonhormonal (aOR=1.18, 95% CI: 0.73-1.92) contraception were not influenced by GDM after controlling for confounders. Female sterilization was more frequently adopted (cOR=4.99, 95% CI: 1.13-22.17) and depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) (cOR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.23-1.18), diaphragm/cervical cap/sponge (cOR=0.13, 95% CI: 0.016-0.95) and cervical ring (cOR=0.13, 95% CI: 0.017-0.98) were less frequently adopted by women reporting GDM diagnosis. CONCLUSION: With few exceptions, GDM does not appear to affect postpartum hormonal and nonhormonal contraception. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGY | DIABETES | PARITY | CONTRACEPTION | POSTPARTUM | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Public Health | Health | Diseases | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Puerperium | Reproduction Document Number: 330558 |
| 4. Title: Prenatal origins of undernutrition. Author: Christian P Source: Nestle Nutrition Workshop Series. Paediatric Programme. 2009;63:59-73; discussion 74-7, 259-68. Abstract: Undernutrition continues to be high in many regions of the developing world. Birthweight, a common proxy measure of intrauterine growth, is influenced by nutritional, environmental and lifestyle factors during pregnancy and, in turn, affects immediate survival and function, and is a determinant of later life risk of chronic diseases. Maternal pre-pregnancy weight and height are independently associated with birthweight and also modify the effects of pregnancy weight gain and interventions during pregnancy on birthweight and perinatal mortality. Other prenatal factors commonly known to impact birthweight include maternal age, parity, sex, and birth interval, whereas lifestyle factors such as physical activity and maternal stress, as well as environmental toxicants have variable influences. Tobacco and other substance use and infections, specifically ascending reproductive tract infections, malaria, and HIV, can cause intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Few studies have examined the contribution of prenatal factors including low birthweight to childhood wasting and stunting. Studies that have examined this, with adequate adjustment for confounders, have generally found odds ratios associated with low birthweight ranging between 2 and 5. Even fewer studies have examined birth length or maternal nutritional status as risk factors. More research is needed to determine the proportion of childhood under-nutrition attributable to IUGR so that interventions can be targeted to the appropriate life stages. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | YOUTH | WOMEN | ETHNIC GROUPS | PARITY | REPRODUCTIVE AGE | MALNUTRITION | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION | REPRODUCTIVE TRACT INFECTIONS | MALARIA | HIV INFECTIONS | INTERVENTIONS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Adolescents | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Reproduction | Nutrition Disorders | Diseases | Health | Congenital Abnormalities | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Infections | Parasitic Diseases | Viral Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341348 |
| 5. Title: Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk in India: a multicenter case-control study. Author: Gajalakshmi V; Mathew A; Brennan P; Rajan B; Kanimozhi VC; Mathews A; Mathew BS; Boffetta P Source: International Journal of Cancer. 2009 Aug 1;125(3):662-5. Abstract: Breast cancer incidence is low in India compared with high-income countries, but it has increased in recent decades, particularly among urban women. The reasons for this pattern are not known although they are likely related to reproductive and lifestyle factors. Here, we report the results of a large case-control study on the association between breastfeeding and breast cancer risk. The study was conducted in 2 areas in South India during 2002-2005 and included 1,866 cases and 1,873 controls. Detailed information regarding menstruation, reproduction, breastfeeding and physical activity was collected through in-person interview. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression models. Breastfeeding for long duration was common in the study population. Lifetime duration of breastfeeding was inversely associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women (p-value of linear trend, 0.02). No such protective effect was observed in postmenopausal women, among whom a protective effect of parity was suggested. A reduction of breast cancer risk with prolonged breastfeeding was shown among premenopausal women. Health campaign focusing on breastfeeding behavior by appropriately educating women would contribute to reduce breast cancer burden. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | BREAST CANCER | RISK FACTORS | BREASTFEEDING | TIME FACTORS | MENOPAUSE | PARITY | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Health | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Population Dynamics | Reproduction | Fertility Measurements | Fertility Document Number: 342166 |
| 6. Title: Use of family planning services in Darfur, Sudan. Author: Haggaz A; Ahmed S; Adam I Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Mar;104(3):247-8. Abstract: High fertility rates and inadequate spacing between births can lead to high maternal and infant mortality. An estimated 600 000 maternal deaths occur worldwide each year, and the vast majority take place in low-income countries. The World Health Organization estimates that 13% of these deaths are due to unsafe abortions. Worldwide, where approximately 50 million women resort to induced abortion, this frequently results in high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality. Family planning and adequate spacing between births are important methods to help avoid these deaths. Little published data are available regarding the use of family planning services in Sudan-the largest country in Africa, with 40 million inhabitants-although high maternal mortality and inadequate utilization of prenatal care in Darfur have been reported previously. In Alfasher, the area considered in the present study, the Sudanese Family Planning Association has an office that provides services such as contraceptive pills and intrauterine contraceptive devices free of charge. A community-based cross-sectional household survey was conducted in Alfashar, in April and June 2008, to investigate the use of and factors associated with family planning services. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SUDAN | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL STUDIES | WOMEN | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | AGE FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | PARITY | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Characteristics | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Education Document Number: 341389 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Profile of long-acting reversible contraception users in Europe. Author: Haimovich S Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Jun;14(3):187-95. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the profile of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) users in Europe. METHODS: A random sample of women aged 15-49 years in 14 European countries (Germany, France, UK, Spain, Italy, Russian Federation, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) underwent web-based or computer-aided face-to-face interviews in June 2006. In this paper data pertaining to a subgroup of women using LARCs are presented. RESULTS: A total of 11,490 women participated in the full study. Of these, 1,188 (10%) women were LARC (hormonal implant, injectables, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system [LNG-IUS], copper intrauterine device [Cu-IUD]) users. The age of the LARC users exceeded 30 years for 57-91% of them. Furthermore, more than half of them found convenience an extremely important factor when selecting the LARC as a contraceptive method. As compared to those wearing a Cu-IUD, women using hormonal LARCs experienced fewer physical and emotional symptoms that appeared or worsened during menstruation. CONCLUSIONS: LARCs have their place in the contraceptive market in Europe. The most popular LARCs among European women were the LNG-IUS and the Cu-IUD; both were mainly used by women who had children and had no wish to have more in the future. Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | INJECTABLES | IUD | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | AGE FACTORS | PARITY | SATISFACTION | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Methods | Population Characteristics | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraceptive Agents Document Number: 341802 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Parity and subfertility effects of continuous oral contraceptive on fertility are important. Author: Hitchcock CL; Prior JC Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2009 Aug 21; Abstract: This letter to the editor discusses parity and subfertility effects of continuous oral contraceptive on fertility and states concerns related to recent articles by Barnhart and colleagues. It expresses issues about the role of parity in the time to conception and concerns that an uncritical acceptance of this conclusion may cause harm. Language: English Keywords: CANADA | CRITIQUE | DATA ANALYSIS | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | PARITY | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | Developed Countries | North America, Northern | Americas | Research Methodology | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods Document Number: 342593 |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: Acceptability of intrapartum HIV counselling and testing in Cameroon. Author: Kongnyuy EJ; Mbu ER; Mbopi-Keou FX; Fomulu N; Nana PN; Tebeu PM; Tonye RN; Leke RJ Source: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2009;9:9. Abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the acceptability of intrapartum HIV testing and determine the prevalence of HIV among labouring women with unknown HIV status in Cameroon. METHOD: The study was conducted in four hospitals (two referral and two districts hospitals) in Cameroon. Labouring women with unknown HIV status were counselled and those who accepted were tested for HIV. RESULTS: A total of 2413 women were counselled and 2130 (88.3%) accepted to be tested for HIV. Of the 2130 women tested, 214 (10.1%) were HIV positive. Acceptability of HIV testing during labour was negatively associated with maternal age, parity and number of antenatal visits, but positively associated with level of education. HIV sero-status was positively associated with maternal age, parity, number of antenatal visits and level education. CONCLUSION: Acceptability of intrapartum HIV testing is high and the prevalence of HIV is also high among women with unknown HIV sero-status in Cameroon. We recommend an opt-out approach (where women are informed that HIV testing will be routine during labour if HIV status is unknown but each person may decline to be tested) for Cameroon and countries with similar social profiles. Language: English Keywords: CAMEROON | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | PREGNANT WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | CHILDBIRTH | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | MATERNAL AGE | PARITY | ANTENATAL CARE | CLINIC VISITS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | PREVALENCE | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Parental Age | Age Factors | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Service Statistics | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Measurement Document Number: 331239 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: Reproductive factors and risk of renal cell cancer: the Nurses' Health Study. Author: Lee JE; Hankinson SE; Cho E Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2009 May 15;169(10):1243-50. Abstract: Few prospective studies have examined associations between reproductive factors and risk of renal cell cancer (RCC). The authors prospectively examined whether postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use, oral contraceptive use, parity, and other reproductive factors were associated with RCC risk among 118,219 US women in the Nurses' Health Study. A total of 247 RCC cases were confirmed between 1976 and 2004. Multivariate relative risks, adjusted for known risk factors, were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Compared with 1 or 2 childbirths, the multivariate relative risks were 1.75 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21, 2.53) for 4 childbirths and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.00, 2.23) for > or =5 childbirths (P(trend) = 0.02). Comparing an age at first birth of > or =28 years with an age at first birth of < or =22 years, the multivariate relative risk was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.43, 1.01; P(trend) = 0.01). Compared with 1-3 childbirths and an age at first birth of > or =26 years, the multivariate relative risk was 2.17 (95% CI: 1.49, 3.14) for > or =4 childbirths and an age at first birth of <26 years. No clear associations were observed for PMH use or duration, time since last PMH use, oral contraceptive use or duration, age at menarche, age at menopause, or history of hysterectomy or oophorectomy. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | RENAL EFFECTS | CANCER | NEOPLASMS | PARITY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Urogenital Effects | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 341592 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Determinants of contraceptive acceptance among Cambodian abortion patients. Author: McDougall J; Fetters T; Clark KA; Rathavy T Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Jun;40(2):123-132. Abstract: Although Cambodia's total fertility rate is declining, limited access to and use of contraceptives has meant that some women rely upon induced abortion, legal since 1997, to achieve their fertility intentions. This study identifies factors that facilitate acceptance of postabortion contraception among women using Cambodia's public health facilities. Data were collected in all of Cambodia's hospitals with obstetric and delivery services (n = 71) and a representative sample of 115 of its 887 health-care centers, and from women seeking induced abortion or with abortion complications who presented to selected facilities during a three-week period (n = 933). Weighted data from 316 women who reported not wanting to become pregnant within the next few months and who presented to facilities that provide postabortion contraceptives were analyzed for bivariate and multivariate associations. Approximately 42 percent of women accepted contraceptives at the conclusion of care. After controlling for individual and facility characteristics, women who presented at facilities where a nurse/midwife managed abortion services, where contraceptives and abortions were provided in the same room, and where a larger range of methods were offered had significantly higher odds of contraceptive acceptance following abortion care. Improving contraceptive counseling and training for midwives and physicians, increasing contraceptive choices, and promoting access to contraceptives on site may reduce Cambodian women's risk of unwanted pregnancy and, potentially, unsafe abortion. Language: English Keywords: CAMBODIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | ABORTION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE DETERMINANTS | POSTABORTAL PROGRAMS | POSTABORTION CARE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | PARITY | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | QUESTIONNAIRES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning Programs | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior Document Number: 341896 Notification |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Contraceptive use and abortion among women of reproductive age in St. Petersburg, Russia. Author: Regushevskaya E; Dubikaytis T; Nikula M; Kuznetsova O; Hemminki E Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Mar;41(1):51-8. Abstract: CONTEXT: Although the characteristics associated with contraceptive use among Russian women have been studied, no large-scale research has been conducted on women's use of different contraceptive methods and abortion. METHODS: A random sample of 1,147 women aged 18-44 completed questionnaires at local women's clinics in St. Petersburg in 2003-2004. Chi-square tests were used to examine differences in selected characteristics among age-groups, and logistic regression was used to assess associations between these characteristics and the use of contraceptive methods at last intercourse and abortion history. RESULTS: Among women at risk of unintended pregnancy, six in 10 had used reliable contraceptives (the pill, the IUD or condoms) at last intercourse; 42% had used condoms. Women in the middle income level were more likely than women with lower income to have used the pill (odds ratio, 2.1); cohabiting women and those who had had children had lowered odds of using condoms (0.6 and 0.3-0.5, respectively). More than half of those surveyed reported having had an abortion. Characteristics associated with increased odds of having had an abortion included being 25 or older (2.2-3.5), cohabiting (2.9), having high income (1.7), having experienced first intercourse before turning 18 (2.2) and having used no contraceptive method at first sex (1.5). The factor that was most strongly associated with abortion was a woman's number of births (4.9-5.7). CONCLUSIONS: Educational programs that promote the consistent use of condoms, especially among young women, and family planning programs that reduce financial barriers to contraceptive use, are critically needed in Russia. Language: English Keywords: RUSSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN | URBAN POPULATION | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | CONDOM USE | ABORTION | INCOME | ABORTION RATE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | FIRST INTERCOURSE | AGE FACTORS | PARITY | Developing Countries | Asia, Northern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Fertility Control, Postconception | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Contraceptive Methods | Sex Behavior | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 330703 Notification |
| 13. Title: Socio-demographic characteristics and the three delays of maternal mortality. Author: Shah N; Hossain N; Shoaib R; Hussain A; Gillani R; Khan NH Source: Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons - -Pakistan. 2009 Feb;19(2):95-8. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the socio-demographic characteristics and the three delays of maternal mortality in a tertiary teaching hospital. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Unit III, Civil Hospital, Karachi, from April 2005 to May 2008. METHODOLOGY: One hundred and four consecutive maternal deaths were reviewed. Data regarding age, parity, sociodemographic characteristics, booking status, referral source, cause of death and the three delays was collected on structured proformas, analyzed by the statistical software, SPSS version 13, and presented in the form of frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: The projected maternal mortality ratio was 1650/100,000 live births. The mean age was 28+/-6.2 years and median parity was two. Seventy-one women (68%) were uneducated, 65 (62.5%) belonged to lower socioeconomic class and 60 (58%) had received no antenatal care. Ninety-eight women (94%) had one or more delays, with 70 (71%) having the first delay, 73 (74%) having the second delay and 47 (48%) the third delay. The most frequent reasons for first, second and third delays were lack of awareness in 88.5% women, long distance in 39.7% women and difficulty in getting blood in 49% women respectively. CONCLUSION: The very high maternal mortality ratio suggests lack of access of women to quality healthcare facilities. A majority of these women suffered first and second delays in their management, which could be due to their poor sociodemographic factors. Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | MATERNAL MORTALITY | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | RISK FACTORS | HOSPITALS | MATERNAL AGE | PARITY | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | CAUSES OF DEATH | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | SOCIAL CLASS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Population | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Health | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Parental Age | Age Factors | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 341161 |
| 14. Title: Socio-economic factors associated with delivery assisted by traditional birth attendants in Iraq, 2000. Author: Siziya S; Muula AS; Rudatsikira E Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights. 2009 Apr 2;9(7):5 p. Abstract: Background: Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) are likely to deliver lower quality maternity care compared to professional health workers. It is important to characterize women who are assisted by TBAs in order to design interventions specific to such groups. We thus conducted a study to assess if socio-economic status and demographic factors are associated with having childbirth supervised by traditional birth attendants in Iraq. Methods: Iraqi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data for 2000 were used. We estimated frequencies and proportions of having been delivered by a traditional birth attendant and other social characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between having been delivered by a TBA and wealth, area of residence (urban versus rural), parity, maternal education and age. Results: Altogether 22,980 women participated in the survey, and of these women, 2873 had delivery information and whether they were assisted by traditional birth attendants (TBAs) or not during delivery. About 1 in 5 women (26.9%) had been assisted by TBAs. Compared to women of age 35 years or more, women of age 25-34 years were 22% (AOR = 1.22, 95%CI [1.08, 1.39]) more likely to be assisted by TBAs during delivery. Women who had no formal education were 42% (AOR = 1.42, 95%CI [1.22, 1.65]) more likely to be delivered by TBAs compared to those who had attained secondary or higher level of education. Women in the poorest wealth quintile were 2.52 (AOR = 2.52, 95%CI [2.14, 2.98]) more likely to be delivered by TBAs compared to those in the richest quintile. Compared to women who had 7 or more children, those who had 1 or 2 were 28% (AOR = 0.72, 95%CI [0.59, 0.87]) less likely to be delivered by TBAs. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate that having delivery supervised by traditional birth attendants was associated with young maternal age, low education, and being poor. Meanwhile women having 1 or 2 children were less likely to be delivered by TBAs. These factors should be considered in the design of interventions to reduce the rate of deliveries assisted by TBAs in favour of professional midwives, and consequently reduce maternal and neonatal mortality rates and other adverse events. Language: English Keywords: IRAQ | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | WOMEN | TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS | CHILDBIRTH | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | PARITY | MATERNAL AGE | Middle East | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Parental Age | Age Factors | Population Characteristics Document Number: 341882 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: [Objective and perceived knowledge of oral contraceptive methods among adolescent mothers] Conhecimento objetivo e percebido sobre contraceptivos hormonais orais entre Author: Sousa MC; Gomes KR Source: Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2009 Mar;25(3):645-54. Abstract: The high rate of early pregnancy in Brazil and particularly in Teresina (21.5%), Piaui State, motivated the current study, the aim of which was to identify levels of objective and perceived knowledge on oral contraceptives, as well as predictive reproductive and socio-demographic variables for high knowledge. A cross-sectional study was performed including 278 teenage mothers (15-19 years), with their childbearing history, admitted to four maternity hospitals in Teresina in 2006. Logistic regression provided the basis for the statistical analysis. Nearly 98% of the adolescent mothers showed low objective and perceived knowledge of oral contraceptives. High parity was the only predictor of increased objective knowledge on oral contraceptives. The adolescents' low level of objective and perceived knowledge on use of oral contraceptives emphasized their susceptibility to risky sexual behavior. The findings emphasize the need for a more interactive approach with adolescents concerning their level of objective and perceived knowledge, to reduce the occurrence and repetition of unwanted teenage pregnancy and its negative consequences for the lives of these young mothers and their children. Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | MOTHERS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | PREGNANCY RATE | KNOWLEDGE | PARITY | PERCEPTION | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 330736 |
| 16. Title: Is induced abortion a risk factor in subsequent pregnancy? Author: Voigt M; Henrich W; Zygmunt M; Friese K; Straube S; Briese V Source: Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 2009;37(2):144-9. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a history of terminations of pregnancy influences subsequent pregnancies in terms of pregnancy risks, prematurity and neonatal biometrics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Based on the perinatal statistics of eight German federal states, data of 247,593 primiparous women with singleton pregnancies born between 1998 and 2000 were analyzed. The control group consisted of primiparous women without previous induced abortions. Maternal age was adjusted for. RESULTS: There was an overall trend towards an increased rate of preterm delivery at Language: English Keywords: GERMANY | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | PARITY | ABORTION | PREMATURE BIRTH | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | RISK FACTORS | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | Europe, Central | Europe | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Diseases | Health | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 331182 Notification |
| 17. Title: Reproductive history, oral contraceptive use, and the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stoke in a cohort study of middle-aged Swedish women. Author: Yang L; Kuper H; Sandin S; Margolis KL; Chen Z; Adami HO; Weiderpass E Source: Stroke; A Journal of Cerebral Circulation. 2009 Apr;40(4):1050-8. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Controversy persists as to whether oral contraceptive (OC) use and reproductive history play a role in the etiology of stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. Our aim was to investigate this question in a cohort of middle-aged Swedish women. METHODS: The Women's Lifestyle and Health Cohort Study included 49259 Swedish women, aged 30 to 49 years at baseline (1991 to 1992). Participants completed an extensive questionnaire and were traced through linkages to national registries until the end of 2004. RESULTS: Among the 45699 women included in these analyses, there were 285 cases of incident stroke during follow-up (193 ischemic stroke, 72 hemorrhagic stroke, and 20 of unknown origin). Neither ischemic nor hemorrhagic stroke risk was related to OC use, duration, or type of OC use, even among women who were smokers or hypertensive. Though not statistically significant, risk of hemorrhagic stroke was elevated in women who started using OCs after the age of 30 (Hazard Ratio [HR] 2.3, 95% CI=0.8 to 6.8) and women recommended by a doctor to stop using OC for medical reasons (2.1, 0.9 to 5.0) compared with never users. Compared with nulliparous women, parous women had a statistically significant lower risk of hemorrhagic stroke (0.5, 0.2 to 0.8), but similar association was not found for ischemic stroke (0.9, 0.5 to 1.4). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant association of OC use with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, and the parity was associated with reduced risk of hemorrhagic stroke but not with ischemic stroke. Language: English Keywords: SWEDEN | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | COHORT ANALYSIS | FOLLOW-UP STUDIES | WOMEN | MIDDLE AGED ADULTS | PREVALENCE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, SIDE EFFECTS | CEREBROVASCULAR EFFECTS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, CONTRAINDICATIONS | PARITY | RISK FACTORS | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Research Methodology | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Measurement | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Public Health | Health | Physiology | Biology | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 331084 |
18.  Title: Imaging techniques may help characterize vaginal microbicides. Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: [Research Triangle Park, North Carolina], FHI, [2008]. [2] p. (Research Briefs on HIV Prevention) Abstract: A study conducted by CONRAD and its partners shows that three different imaging techniques provide valuable information about the movement of a vaginal gel inside a woman's vagina. This information may be particularly useful in the development of a vaginal microbicide to prevent HIV. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | MICROBICIDES | USAID | VAGINAL GEL | VAGINA | CERVIX | HIV PREVENTION | BODY WEIGHT | PARITY | Research Methodology | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Vaginal Spermicides | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Uterus | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 331716 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: [Low birth weight in Brazil according to live birth data from the Ministry of Health, 2005] Baixo peso ao nascer no Brasil de acordo com as informacoes sobre nascidos vivos Author: Andrade CL; Szwarcwald CL; Castilho EA Source: Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2008 Nov;24(11):2564-72. Abstract: Although the Brazilian Information System on Live Births (SINASC) has expanded its coverage and improved its data quality since the system was implemented, the live birth count in Brazil is still not complete. The current study analyzes inequalities in low birth weight in Brazil in 2005, based on geographic factors, municipality of residence, maternal schooling, and prenatal care. An analysis of all live births showed a low birth weight paradox, namely high percentages in areas with the highest socioeconomic development. The main explanation for these paradoxical findings involves shorter neonatal survival and inadequate recording of premature births in poorer municipalities. Considering at-term live births from non-multiple gestations, inequalities were found in maternal schooling. Comprehensive, quality prenatal care could have a greater impact by reducing negative outcomes of gestation and decreasing the socioeconomic inequalities of perinatal health in Brazil. Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | DATA COLLECTION | PARITY | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | INEQUALITIES | RELIABILITY | RECORDS | PREMATURE BIRTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | NEEDS | HEALTH EDUCATION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Economic Factors | Measurement | Information Processing | Information | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Education Document Number: 342260 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Malaria in pregnancy in the Solomin Islands: Barriers to prevention and control. Author: Appleyard B; Tuni M; Cheng Q; Chen N; Bryan J Source: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2008 Mar;78(3):449-454. Abstract: A study of malaria in pregnancy (MIP) was undertaken in Marovo Lagoon, Solomon Islands, to evaluate pregnancy-specific control strategies for malaria. Peripheral parasitemia was present in 18% (19/106) of women: 15 Plasmodium falciparum and 4 P. vivax. Primigravidae were twice as likely to be parasitemic as multigravidae (31% versus 14%; relative risk: 2.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-4.96; P = 0.05). Although ante-natal clinic attendance was high, women booked late (mean, 19.7 weeks) and attended irregularly. Free insecticide-treated nets (ITN) were not distributed despite government policy. Primigravidae were less likely to have an ITN in their homes than multigravidae (relative risk: 2.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.03-4.40). Coverage with chloroquine prophylaxis was low. This study revealed barriers to control of MIP at both the health service and client level. To develop an evidence-based malaria control policy in pregnancy for this region, further study of the epidemiology of malaria and its effects, including social and behavioral aspects, is needed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOLOMON ISLANDS | RESEARCH REPORT | HEALTH SURVEYS | PREGNANT WOMEN | MALARIA | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | PARASITES | BED NETS | ANTENATAL CARE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | PARITY | Developing Countries | Oceania | Health | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Biology | Parasite Control | Public Health | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 325280 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Using mathematical modelling to investigate the plausibility of attributing observed antenatal clinic declines to a female sex worker intervention in Karnataka state, India. Author: Boily MC; Pickles M; Vickerman P; Buzdugan R; Isac S; Deering KN; Blanchard JF; Moses S; Lowndes CM; Ramesh BM; Demers E; Alary M Source: AIDS. 2008 Dec;22 Suppl 5:S149-64. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the 32% and 52% decline in ANC HIV prevalence among female antenatal clinic (ANC) attenders, observed in Avahan districts between 2004 and 2006, and 2007 respectively, in the state of Karnataka could be due to a HIV preventive intervention targeted at female sex workers and their clients. METHODS: An exhaustive sensitivity analysis, based on an age and parity structured mathematical model of HIV transmission in a general and ANC population, was undertaken to estimate intervention impact in different concentrated HIV epidemics representative of those in Karnataka districts. To assess if the large reduction in ANC HIV prevalence could be solely due to the intervention, we simulated a very optimistic intervention. RESULTS: If 100% of FSWs were reached and condom use between clients and FSWs increased instantaneously to over 80% of sex acts, the expected intervention decline (50th, (10th, 90th) percentiles) among the overall and 15-19 year old ANC population after three years of intense intervention activity was 21% (14%, 27%) and 27% (19%, 35%); with a predicted time required to produce a 30% intervention decline being approximately 5 (4.0, 6.4) and approximately 3.6 (2.8, 4.8) years, respectively. To achieve this magnitude of decline, the client and FSW HIV prevalence needed to decrease by 33% (28%, 38%) and 44% (38%, 50%), respectively, after three years. CONCLUSION: Despite the optimistic prevention parameters assumed, our results suggest that the large observed changes in ANC HIV prevalence are very unlikely to already be entirely caused by the FSW targeted intervention. Interpretation of HIV trends in ANC populations should involve triangulation of observed biological and behavioural trends in high-risk groups, modeling studies and documentation of possible sources of bias. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | CLINICAL RESEARCH | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREVALENCE | HIV PREVENTION | ANTENATAL CARE | PARITY | AGE FACTORS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Theoretical Models | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Measurement | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 330243 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: Effect of parity and advanced maternal age on obstetric outcome. Author: Chan BC; Lao TT Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008 Sep;102(3):237-241. Abstract: Objectives: To examine the effect of parity on obstetric outcome in women aged 40 years or older. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 16 427 singleton pregnancies delivered between 1998 and 2001 was studied. Obstetric outcomes in women aged 40 years or older versus women younger than 40 years were compared for both nulliparous and multiparous women. Results: Of the 15 727 pregnancies (95.7%) that satisfied the inclusion criteria, 606 (3.9%) were in women aged 40 years or older. Advanced age was independently associated with cesarean delivery, birth and spontaneous preterm labor before 37 weeks, and low birth weight neonates in nulliparous women, but only with preterm birth before 37 weeks and cesarean delivery in multiparous women. Conclusion: Obstetric outcome in women aged 40 years or older was influenced by parity. Cesarean delivery and preterm birth before 37 weeks were independently associated with older age irrespective of parity. Advanced age is a risk factor for preterm birth. Language: English Keywords: HONG KONG | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | COHORT ANALYSIS | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | PARITY | PREMATURE BIRTH | MATERNAL AGE | CESAREAN SECTION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parental Age | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 308279 |
| 23. Peer Reviewed Title: Prevalence and correlates of intimate partner physical violence against women in Kofale District, Ethiopia. Author: Dibaba Y Source: Tropical Doctor. 2008 Jan;38(1):52-54. Abstract: Using a community-based cross-sectional survey, this study attempted to determine the prevalence and correlates of intimate partner physical violence against women in Kofale District, Ethiopia. The study showed that 52.6% of the respondents had experienced intimate partner physical violence in their lifetime and 30.2% in the 12 months before the survey. Witnessing family violence as a child, education, place of residence, parity, duration of the marriage, a tradition of marriage arrangement and the partners' use of alcohol were associated with intimate partner physical violence. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | PARITY | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | ARRANGED MARRIAGE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Measurement | Biology | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality Document Number: 324836 |
| 24. Title: Difficult IUD insertions [letter] Author: Draper IB Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2008;34(1):67. Abstract: After approximately 25 years' experience of fitting intrauterine devices (IUDs) in general practice, I have of late found myself pondering why slowly the process seems to become increasingly difficult. Rather than becoming easier the more experience I gain, IUD fits seem to become more problematic. Surely not what one would expect? And then the penny dropped. Back in the 1980s, the standard IUD patient would be in her 30s with two or three vaginal deliveries behind her who had lost all her inhibitions about gynaecological procedures years before. Today's IUD patient may have had perhaps one baby by Caesarean section, or be nulliparous, in her early 40s and requesting a Mirena for menstrual problems; neither individual will be the easiest to fit with an IUD and neither will be well prepared for the indignity and discomfort that inevitably accompanies the procedure. Would other experienced practitioners concur with this, or am I just making excuses? Because if I'm not making excuses, we need better means of handling the pain of an IUD insertion, dilators, sounds and progestogen devices that are suitable for nullips, tenaculae that cause minimal pain, and so on. And concern for the trainees who have to learn in this environment. All sensible comments are very welcome. (full text) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | CRITIQUE | IUD | INSERTION | AGE FACTORS | PARITY | PAIN | GYNECOLOGY | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases Document Number: 323400 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Access and barriers to measures targeted to prevent malaria in pregnancy in rural Kenya. Author: Gikandi PW; Noor AM; Gitonga CW; Ajanga AA; Snow RW Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2008 Feb;13(2):208-217. Abstract: The objectives were to evaluate barriers preventing pregnant women from using insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and intermittent presumptive treatment (IPT) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) 5 years after the launch of the national malaria strategy promoting these measures in Kenya. All women aged 15-49 years were interviewed during a community survey in four districts between December 2006 and January 2007. Women pregnant in the last 12 months were asked about their age, parity, education, use of nets, ITN, antenatal care (ANC) services and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) (overall and for IPT) during pregnancy. Homestead assets were recorded and used to develop a wealth index. Travel time to ANC clinics was computed using a geographic information system algorithm. Predictors of net and IPT use were defined using multivariate logistic regression. Overall 68% of pregnant women used a net; 52% used an ITN; 84% attended an ANC clinic at least once and 74% at least twice. Fifty-three percent of women took at least one dose of IPT-SP, however only 22% took two or more doses. Women from the least poor homesteads (OR = 2.53, 1.36-4.68) and those who used IPT services (OR = 1.73, 1.24-2.42) were more likely to sleep under any net. Women who used IPT were more likely to use ITNs (OR = 1.35, 1.03-1.77), while those who lived more than an hour from an ANC clinic were less likely (OR = 0.61, 0.46-0.81) to use ITN. Women with formal education (1.47, 1.01-2.17) and those who used ITN (OR: 1.68, 1.20-2.36) were more likely to have received at least one dose of IPT-SP. Although the use of ITN had increased 10-fold and the use of IPT fourfold since last measured in 2001, coverage remains low. Provider practices in the delivery of protective measures against malaria must change, supported by community awareness campaigns on the importance of mothers' use of IPT. (author's) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PREGNANT WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | RURAL POPULATION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | BED NETS | ANTENATAL CARE | PARITY | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | PESTICIDES | MALARIA PREVENTION | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Diseases | Parasite Control | Public Health | Health | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Socioeconomic Factors | Ingredients and Chemicals | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases Document Number: 324984 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Reproductive history and mortality in late middle age among Norwegian men and women. Author: Grundy E; Kravdal O Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2008 Feb;167(3):271-279. Abstract: There is growing recognition that reproductive patterns may have long-term health implications, although most evidence is restricted to women. The authors used register data to derive fertility histories for all Norwegian men and women born in 1935-1958. Discrete-time hazard modeling was used to analyze later-life mortality by aspects of reproductive history. A total of 63,312 deaths were observed during 14.5 million person-years of follow-up in 1980-2003, when subjects were aged 45-68 years. Models included detailed information on educational qualifications and marital status. Odds of death relative to those for subjects with two children were highest for the childless (women: odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43, 1.57; men: OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.40) and next highest for those with only one child (women: OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.37; men: OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.24). Results for the parous showed a positive association between earlier parenthood and later mortality,a reverse association with late age at last birth, and an overall negative association between higher parity and mortality. The similarity of results for women and men suggests biosocial pathways underlying associations between reproductive history and health. The lack of any high-parity disadvantage suggests that in the "family friendly" Norwegian environment, the health benefits of having several children may outweigh the costs. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NORWAY | RESEARCH REPORT | LOGISTIC MODEL | MIDDLE AGED ADULTS | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | PARITY | MORTALITY | MORTALITY DETERMINANTS | BIRTH HISTORY | TIME FACTORS | Europe, Northern | Europe | Developed Countries | Mathematical Model | Theoretical Models | Research Methodology | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Fertility Measurements | Pregnancy History Document Number: 324323 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: Effects of the fertility transition on birth seasonality in the Netherlands. Author: Haandrikman K; Van Wissen LJ Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2008 Sep;40(5):655-672. Abstract: Synchronous with the decline in fertility that took place in the post-war period in the Netherlands, patterns of birth seasonality changed as well. In this paper seasonal fluctuations in fertility in the Netherlands are examined using population register data for the period 1952 to 2005. The peak in births has changed from spring to summer and subsequently to August/September, thereby shifting from the European to the American pattern. The seasonal shift can be attributed to parity-specific changes. Before the transition, birth seasonality did not differ much between the different parities. In the transition period from higher to low fertility, differences between parities increased which persist up to today. At present, the overall seasonality pattern is determined by first births. Moreover, birth seasonality varies by maternal age. The findings stimulate the discussion on the role of planning as a cause of birth seasonality. Language: English Keywords: NETHERLANDS | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | POPULATION REGISTER | SEASONAL VARIATION | PARITY | MATERNAL AGE | PLANNING | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Parental Age | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Organization and Administration Document Number: 308343 |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Age, parity, history of abortion and contraceptive choices affect the risk of repeat abortion. Author: Heikinheimo O; Gissler M; Suhonen S Source: Contraception. 2008 Aug;78(2):149-154. Abstract: The rate of repeat induced abortion varies from 30% to 38% in northern Europe. Thus, repeat abortion is an important public health issue. However, risk factors as regards repeat abortion are poorly understood. We characterized risk factors related to sociodemographic characteristics, history of abortion and post-abortal contraception. A prospective cohort study of 1269 women undergoing medical abortion between August 2000 and December 2002 was conducted. The subjects were followed via the Finnish Registry of Induced Abortions until December 2005, the follow-up time (mean+or-SD) being 49.2+or-8.0 months. Altogether, 179 (14.1%) of the subjects requested repeat abortion within the follow-up time. In univariate analysis, a history of prior abortion, being parous, young age, smoking and failure to attend the follow-up visit were associated with repeat abortion. Immediate - in contrast to postponed - initiation of any contraceptive method was linked to a lower risk of repeat abortion. In comparison with combined oral contraceptives, use of intrauterine contraception was most efficacious in reducing the risk of another pregnancy termination. In multivariate analysis, the effects of young age, being parous, smoking, a history of prior abortion and type of contraception on the risk of another abortion persisted. An increased focus on young women, parous women and those with a history of abortion may be efficacious in decreasing repeat abortion. Contraceptive choices made at the time of abortion have an important effect on the rate of repeat abortion. Use of intrauterine contraceptives for post-abortal contraception was associated with decreased risk of repeat abortion. (author's) Language: English Keywords: FINLAND | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | COHORT ANALYSIS | ABORTION | RISK FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | PARITY | TOBACCO USE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | IUD | Europe, Northern | Europe | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Biology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Behavior | Contraception | Contraceptive Methods Document Number: 327968 Notification |
| 29. Peer Reviewed Title: Miscarriage but not stillbirth rates are higher among younger nulliparas in rural Southern Nepal. Author: Katz J; Khatry SK; LeClerq SC; Shrestha SR; West KP Jr Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2008 Jun;42(6):587-595. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of young maternal age on miscarriages and stillbirths in rural Southern Nepal. Pregnancies, miscarriages, and stillbirths were prospectively identified in two randomized trials of maternal micronutrient supplementation. This analysis included 5861 women of parity 0 (nulliparas) and 4459 of parity 1 (primiparas) who were <26 years of age. Among nulliparous women, 5.7% and 4.6% of pregnancies ended in miscarriage and stillbirth. The adjusted relative risk of miscarriage was 2.07 for girls <15 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17-3.66) compared with those 18 and 19 years, and was 1.40 (95% CI = 1.06 -1.84) among those 15-17 years. Stillbirth rates did not differ significantly by maternal age. There were no differences in miscarriage or stillbirth rates by maternal age among primiparas. Young maternal age increased the risk of miscarriages but not stillbirths for nulliparas. Miscarriages and stillbirths did not differ by maternal age for primiparous women. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | RURAL POPULATION | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | FETAL DEATH | ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS | PARITY | AGE FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Mortality | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Fertility Measurements Document Number: 326907 |
| 30. Peer Reviewed Title: Cohort fertility patterns and breast cancer mortality among U.S. women, 1948 - 2003. Author: Krueger PM; Preston SH Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Apr 15;18(9):263-284. Abstract: Epidemiological research has shown that women who have early and numerous births have reduced risks of being diagnosed with breast cancer. We use U.S. Vital Statistics and Census data and age-period-cohort models to examine whether cohort fertility patterns are associated with breast cancer mortality rates among women aged 40 and older in 1948-2003. Cohorts marked by higher proportions childless at ages 15-24 and lower cumulative second birth rates at ages 15-29 have higher rates of breast cancer mortality. This is the first demonstration that cohort fertility patterns have left a clear imprint on trends in U.S. breast cancer mortality rates. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | BREAST CANCER | INCIDENCE | MORTALITY | FERTILITY MEASUREMENTS | BIRTH RATE | PARITY | VITAL STATISTICS | CENSUS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Theoretical Models | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Measurement | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Population Statistics Document Number: 326128 |
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