1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Ethiopian adolescents' attitudes and expectations deviate from current infant and young child feeding recommendations. Author: Hadley C; Lindstrom D; Belachew T; Tessema F Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2008 Sep;43(3):253-259. Abstract: Suboptimal infant and child feeding practices are highly prevalent in many developing countries for reasons that are not entirely understood. Taking an anthropological perspective, we assessed whether nulliparous youth have formulated attitudes and expectations in the domain of infant and child feeding behaviors, the extent to which these varied by location and gender, and the extent to which they deviated from current international recommendations. A population-based sample of 2077 adolescent girls and boys (13-17 years) in southwest Ethiopia answered a questionnaire on infant and young child feeding behaviors. Results indicate high levels of agreement among adolescents on items relating to infant and young child feeding behaviors. Attitudes and intentions deviated widely from current international recommendations. Youth overwhelmingly endorsed items related to early introduction of nonbreast milk liquids and foods. For girls, fewer than 11% agreed that a 5-month infant should be exclusively breastfed and only 26% agreed that a 6-month infant should be consuming some animal source foods. Few sex differences emerged and youth responses matched larger community patterns. The results indicate that attitudes and expectations deviate widely from current international child feeding guidelines among soon to be parents. To the extent that youth models are directive, these findings suggest that youth enter into parenthood with suboptimal information about infant and child feeding. Such information will reproduce poor health across generations as the largest cohort of adolescents ever become parents. These results suggest specific points of entry for adolescent nutrition education interventions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | ADOLESCENTS | INFANT NUTRITION | CHILD NUTRITION | BREASTFEEDING | BREASTFEEDING, EXCLUSIVE | SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING | ATTITUDES | MISINFORMATION | PARENTING EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Nutrition | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Communication | Education Document Number: 327993 |
2.  Peer Reviewed Title: Evaluation of an early childhood parenting programme in rural Bangladesh. Author: Aboud FE Source: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 2007 Mar;25(1):3-13. Abstract: To promote physical and mental development of children, parenting education programmes in developing countries focus on specific practices such as age-appropriate responsive stimulation and feeding. A programme delivered to groups of poor mothers of children, aged less than three years, in rural Bangladesh was evaluated using an intervention-control post-test design. Mothers (n=170) who had attended a year of educational sessions and their children were compared with those (n=159) from neighbouring villages who did not have access to such a programme. After covariates were controlled, the parenting mothers obtained higher scores on a test of child-rearing knowledge and on the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) inventory of stimulation. The parenting mothers did not communicate differently with their children while doing a picture-talking task, and children did not show benefits in nutritional status or language comprehension. Parenting sessions offered by peer educators were informative and participatory, yet they need to include more practice, problem-solving, and peer-support if information is to be translated into behaviour. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | MEASUREMENT | RURAL AREAS | PARENTS | CHILD | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | PEER EDUCATORS | PARENTING EDUCATION | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | CHILD NUTRITION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Geographic Factors | Population | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Child Rearing | Behavior | Education | Biology | Nutrition | Health Document Number: 317773 |
| 3. Title: Effectiveness of secondary pregnancy prevention programs: A meta-analysis. Author: Corcoran J; Pillai VK Source: Research on Social Work Practice. 2007 Jan;17(1):5-18. Abstract: Because subsequent pregnancy in teen parents often worsens the impact of adolescent parenting; therefore, a common goal of teenage parent programs has been to reduce repeat pregnancy. To examine the impact of this goal, a meta-analysis was conducted on 16 control-comparison group studies that evaluated the effect of teenage pregnancy and parenting programs on pregnancy rates. At the first follow-up period at which programs assessed outcome (average 19.13 months), interventions produced a 50% reduction in the odds of pregnancy compared to comparison-control conditions, but by second follow-up (average 31 mos.), the effect had dissipated. Moderator analyses were also performed. Implications are that secondary pregnancy prevention programs are effective in reducing teenage pregnancy-at least at 19 months following the intervention-although there is little to recommend "comprehensive" approaches to programming over others. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | FOLLOW-UP STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | PARENTS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY RATE | PARENTING EDUCATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Diseases | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Fertility Measurements | Education Document Number: 322734 |
| 4. Title: Teenage pregnancy among Latinas: Examining risk and protective factors. Author: Dogan-Ates A; Carrion-Basham CY Source: Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2007 Nov;29(4):554-569. Abstract: This study investigated the role of three groups of risk and protective factors (e.g., individual, family, and extrafamilial) that are associated with teen pregnancy. Two groups of Latina adolescents (aged 15 to 19), nonpregnant/ nonparenting (NP; N = 48) and pregnant/parenting (P; N = 46), completed a demographic survey, an adolescent profile questionnaire, self-esteem, and locus of control scales. Findings revealed a group of protective factors related to each category: Significant group differences favoring the NP teens were obtained for the individual factors of higher grades and career aspirations, and family factors were related to living with biological parents and greater parental monitoring. Extrafamilial factors included variables related to greater participation in extracurricular activities and religious services, and having friends who model conventional behavior. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CALIFORNIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | HISPANICS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | RISK FACTORS | ACCEPTANCE PROCESS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | PARENTING EDUCATION | RELIGION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Biology | Decision Making | Behavior | Economic Factors | Education | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 322431 |
| 5. Title: Kangaroo Mother Care at KMC&TH. Author: Manandhar S; Joshi S; Bajracharya BL; Manandhar DS Source: Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society. 2007 Jan-Jun;26(1):46-48. Abstract: Hypothermia is a common problem in the newborns particularly among the low birth weight (LBW) babies. It is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among the LBW babies. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a cost effective method of maintaining temperature of newborns especially LBW babies without using costly equipment. The purpose of the study was to know the feasibility and acceptability of Kangaroo mother care (KMC) at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (KMCTH). The study was performed at the special care neonatal ward of KMCTH in two month period of January -February 2006. The method of care consisted of skin to skin contact between the mother and the infant to provide adequate warmth for the infant. Eight babies received KMC during the study. Temperatures of all the babies were well maintained. There was good weight gain in the LBW babies. All the mothers accepted and carried out KMC well. The fear of mother handling small premature baby gradually disappeared. There was increase in the duration and rate of breastfeeding. Mothers developed self confidence in looking after their babies at home and hence getting their babies discharged even when their babies were only 1500 grams or so. Kangaroo mother care was easily accepted in the hospital. All the mothers except one were very happy to carry out KMC. It is a simple method of keeping babies warm. It can be applied easily at home hence its great importance in caring LBW babies at home where most of the babies are born in Nepal. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | INFANT, PREMATURE | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | BODY TEMPERATURE | PARENTING EDUCATION | BREASTFEEDING | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Puerperium | Reproduction | Infant | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Education | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health Document Number: 324078 |
| 6. Title: Parenting practices in Kerala: A cross-sectional study. Author: Nair MK; Sumaraj L; Padmamohan L; Radhakrishnan R; Nair VR Source: Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies. 2007 Apr;2(1):71-79. Abstract: This paper presents outcomes of a cross-sectional study conducted in Kerala, India on the parenting practices of 0-3-year-old children supported by UNICEF. The aim of the study was to explore early child-care practices from conception to 3 years with a focus on the family as caregiver. Positive attitudes were observed in key indicators of child-rearing practices among the study population. No major difference was observed among women of various sociodemographic backgrounds in this respect. Early child-care practices are reaching high standards, even in tribal and economically backward areas. This may be an indicator of the overall achievement of Kerala in general health status. Even though parenting practices are generally healthy, as revealed through focus-group discussions, parents face many problems in child rearing and would benefit from training in parenting practices. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PARENTS | PARENTING EDUCATION | CHILD REARING | MORBIDITY | BREASTFEEDING | IMMUNIZATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Education | Behavior | Diseases | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 326518 |
| 7. Title: Influence of parenting styles on development of children aged three to six years old. Author: Nanthamongkolchai S; Ngaosusit C; Munsawaengsub C Source: Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 2007 May;90(5):971-976. Abstract: The objective was to investigate the influences of parenting styles on development of children aged three to six years. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 360 children and their parents selected by multi-stage random sampling. The data were collected from July 24th to August 31st, 2004. The Denver II test kit and the scale by Baumrind D were used to test the child development and parenting styles respectively. A questionnaire was used to collect the family and child factors. Data were analyzed by frequency distribution and Multiple logistic regression with the significant level set at p-value of < 0.05). Parenting styles had significant influences on child development (p-value < 0.05). Children raised with a mixed parenting style had a 1.9 times higher chance of having delayed development compared with those with democratic parenting style. In addition, significant family and child factors for explaining child development were family type, mother's education, father's occupation, relationship within the family, nutritional status and sex. Parenting styles had a significant influence on child development. The children raised with mixed parenting style had a 1.9 times higher chance of having delayed development compared to those whose parents used democratic parenting style. Therefore, the parents should rear their children by using the democratic parenting style that leads to the age-appropriate development child. (author's) Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CHILDREN | PARENTS | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | PARENTING EDUCATION | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | OCCUPATIONAL STATUS | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | CHILD NUTRITION | SEX FACTORS | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Child Rearing | Behavior | Education | Biology | Personality | Psychological Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Employment Status | Nutrition | Health Document Number: 317811 |
| 8. Title: Does money matter? The effects of cash transfers on child health and development in rural Ecuador. Author: Paxson C; Schady N Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, 2007 May. 51 p. (Impact Evaluation Series No. 15World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4226) Abstract: This paper examines how a government-run cash transfer program targeted to poor mothers in rural Ecuador influenced the health and development of their children. This program is of particular interest because, unlike other transfer programs that have been implemented recently in Latin America, receipt of the cash transfers was not conditioned on specific parental actions, such as taking children to health clinics or sending them to school. This feature of the program makes it possible to assess whether conditionality is necessary for programs to have beneficial effects on children. Random assignment at the parish level is used to identify the program's effects. We find that the cash transfer program had positive effects on the physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development of children, and the treatment effects were substantially larger for the poorer children than for less poor children. Among the poorest children in our sample, children whose mothers were eligible for transfers had outcomes that were on average more than 20 percent of a standard deviation higher than those for comparable children in the control group. Treatment effects are somewhat larger for girls and for children with more highly-educated mothers. We examine three mechanisms-better nutrition, greater use of health care, and better parenting-through which the transfers might influence child development. The program appeared to improve children's nutrition and increased the chance they were treated for helminth infections. However, children in the treatment group were not more likely to visit health clinics for growth monitoring, and the mental health and parenting of their mothers did not improve. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ECUADOR | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | RURAL POPULATION | MOTHERS | LOW INCOME POPULATION | FUNDS | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | CHILD HEALTH | NUTRITION | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH SERVICES | PARENTING EDUCATION | MENTAL HEALTH | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Health | Delivery of Health Care | Education | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 318641 |
| 9. Title: Promising outcomes in teen mothers enrolled in a school-based parent support program and child care center. Author: Sadler LS; Swartz MK; Ryan-Krause P; Seitz V; Meadows-Oliver M Source: Journal of School Health. 2007 Mar;77(3):121-130. Abstract: This study described a cohort of teen mothers and their children attending an urban high school with a parent support program and school-based child care center. Specific aims of the study were to describe maternal characteristics and outcomes, and child developmental and health outcomes. A volunteer sample of 65 adolescent mothers enrolled in the parent support program and their children were interviewed, surveyed, and assessed. Fifty-three mothers had children enrolled in the school-based child care center and 12 mothers had their children cared for by family members. Maternal characteristics assessed included self-esteem and depressive symptoms, social stressors and support, self-perceived parental competence, parent-child teaching interactions, and subsequent childbearing and maternal educational outcomes. Child outcomes included child developmental assessments and health outcomes. About 33% of teen mothers were mildly to moderately depressed and 39% of the sample had experienced transitional homelessness. Social support networks were small; in the past 12 months, mothers experienced a mean number of 13.2 ± 11.9 negative life events. Maternal self-report measures and mother-child observation measures indicated positive levels of parental competence. Maternal educational outcomes were positive, and only 6% of mothers had subsequent childbirths within 2 years. The mean scores on developmental assessments of children fell within the normal range, although there were 7 children identified with developmental delays. For at-risk teen mothers, this parent support program and school-based child care setting appears to offer promising opportunities to help young mothers with parenting, avoid rapid subsequent pregnancies, and stay engaged with school, while their children are cared for in a close and safe environment. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | MOTHERS | CHILDREN | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | CHILD CARE | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | PARENTING EDUCATION | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Child Rearing | Behavior | Schools | Education | Economic Factors Document Number: 312216 |
| 10. Title: Active listening to provide emotional support. Author: ETR Associates. Resource Center for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention [ReCAPP] Source: Scotts Valley, California, ReCAPP, [2006]. 14 p. Abstract: Active listening listening is both common to, and critical to, several important life skills. It is a fundamental part of good communication and effective conflict resolution. In the area of adolescent reproductive health and teen pregnancy prevention, it has been used in teaching parents how to communicate with their teen children about sex and contraception. In that context, parents are typically taught the skill to improve the accuracy with which they identify the values, level of knowledge and questions and concerns that their teens have about sexual activity, the reproductive system and contraceptive availability and use. Sometimes other positive aspects of active listening are identified when it is used this way, such as its capacity to prevent parents from lecturing or interrupting thereby making space for their children to share their experiences, values, questions and concerns. All of these are positive instrumental uses of active listening in a teen pregnancy prevention context. Furthermore, there is no shortage of active listening lesson plans. So why present yet another one here? We have chosen to do so here to emphasize the importance of active listening to increasing connectedness, an outcome that can be inferred in the other uses of the skill described above, but is not explicit. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TEACHING MATERIALS | EVALUATION | ADOLESCENTS | PARENTS | EMOTIONS | WORKSHOPS | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PARENTING EDUCATION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Education | Communication | Health Document Number: 309099 |
| 11. Title: Connectedness and the "emotional bank account". Author: ETR Associates. Resource Center for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention [ReCAPP] Source: Scotts Valley, California, ReCAPP, [2006]. [12] p. Abstract: For both parents and children, the teen years can be a tough time to try to maintain a positive emotional connection. Parents want what's best for their children, and almost every parent works hard to raise their children well. Parents make decisions that are necessary to keep teens safe, or to teach them important skills or life lessons. However, these decisions sometimes make teens feel less connected to them, at least for a little while. It is important that teens learn to respect these decisions. It is also equally important that teens feel respected and appreciated for who they are. This activity will give parents and teens a way to estimate the level of connectedness in their relationship with each other. It will also show them some ways to keep a healthy level of connectedness. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TEACHING MATERIALS | PARENTS | ADOLESCENTS | PARENTING EDUCATION | WORKSHOPS | CHILD REARING | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | COMMUNICATION | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | EMOTIONS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Behavior | Psychological Factors Document Number: 305643 |
| 12. Title: Parenting style and parent-child connectedness. Author: ETR Associates. Resource Center for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention [ReCAPP] Source: Scotts Valley, California, ETR's Resource Center for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention, [2006]. [7] p. (Learning Activity) Abstract: By the end of this session, parents will be able to: Define Parent Child Connectedness (PCC); Describe how their parenting style has been influenced by their experiences as a child and their parents' modeling; Think about and describe the ways they want their relationships with their children to be different from their childhood relationships with their own parents; Rate the level of PCC with their teen on a scale from 1-10; and State an intention to maintain or increase the level of PCC with their teen. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TEACHING MATERIALS | PARENTS | ADOLESCENTS | PARENTING EDUCATION | WORKSHOPS | CHILD REARING | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Behavior Document Number: 305640 |
| 13. Title: Responding to your adolescent. Author: ETR Associates. Resource Center for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention [ReCAPP] Source: Scotts Valley, California, ReCAPP, [2006]. [11] p. Abstract: In this workshop: Parents hear a brief presentation on adolescent development and parent-child connectedness; Parents get into pairs to analyze a story about a parent and his/her teenager. They determine if the teen's behavior is reasonable, the effectiveness of the parent's response, and alternative ways of responding. By the end of this session, parents will be able to: Recognize that teenagers' desire for independence is a normal part of adolescent development; Distinguish between adolescent behavior that is normal and reasonable and that which is unreasonable; and Find constructive ways to respond to teens' behaviors that may feel frustrating to parents. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TEACHING MATERIALS | PARENTS | ADOLESCENTS | PARENTING EDUCATION | WORKSHOPS | CHILD REARING | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | COMMUNICATION | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Behavior | Biology Document Number: 305642 |
| 14. Title: Understanding adolescent development. Author: ETR Associates. Resource Center for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention [ReCAPP] Source: Scotts Valley, California, ReCAPP, [2006]. [6] p. Abstract: In this workshop: Parents think back to when they were 15 or 16 and then share an adjective that described them at that age; Parents respond to a series of questions exploring the ways they changed and developed from age 10 or 11 to age 15 or 16; Parents review key information on a handout titled, "Understanding Your Adolescent's Behavior"; Finally, parents apply information from the handout to their relationships with their teens. They give examples of the ways their teens seek independence, report on how they typically respond, and brainstorm new and thoughtful ways of responding to those normal behaviors. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TEACHING MATERIALS | PARENTS | ADOLESCENTS | PARENTING EDUCATION | WORKSHOPS | CHILD REARING | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Behavior | Biology Document Number: 305641 |
| 15. Title: Using positive reinforcement to increase connectedness. Author: ETR Associates. Resource Center for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention [ReCAPP] Source: Scotts Valley, California, ReCAPP, [2006]. [12] p. Abstract: Parents and teens often fall into a habit of focusing on negative things. This stands in the way of their having a close, connected relationship. Parents may react with frustration or anger because of the challenges involved in parenting a teen. Teens may make mistakes as they try to walk the path to adulthood. They want their parents to remember that they probably repeated mistakes when they were teens, too! While these mistakes are normal, they can scare parents. Parents may then react in ways that are harsh and critical. Also, parents often get frustrated when teens make the same mistakes over and over again. Teens want more independence. They question the decisions and authority of parents more often than they did when they were younger. They want to be treated as adults even though they are still trying to figure out what that means. Sometimes parents don't recognize these facts, don't give independence and criticize teens for their mistakes, instead of supporting them. As a result, teens feel powerless and discouraged and are drawn into negative thinking. This activity will help parents and teens identify their tendencies toward being drawn into negativity. It will also help them learn to use positive reinforcement as a way to increase their connectedness with each other. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TEACHING MATERIALS | PARENTS | ADOLESCENTS | PARENTING EDUCATION | WORKSHOPS | CHILD REARING | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Behavior Document Number: 305644 |
| 16. Title: Preventing youth risky behavior through early child development. Author: World Bank. Human Development Network. Children and Youth Unit Source: Youth Development Notes. 2006 Feb;1(3):1-4. Abstract: Investing in Early Child Development (ECD) - and the parenting skills that necessarily accompany it - may be one of the most effective means for policymakers to reduce youth risk-taking behavior. While research abounds on the positive long term impact of ECD programs on school achievement and other human capital development, more recent longitudinal studies also point to important impacts on reducing the risk of early pregnancy, criminal activity, violence, and substance use as young people move into their adolescent and young adult years. This is particularly evident for those investments which target the poor. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | CHILDREN | POLICYMAKERS | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | PARENTING EDUCATION | HEALTH POLICY | CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFECTS | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | CHILD ABUSE | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Biology | Behavior | Education | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Central Nervous System | Physiology | Research Methodology | Crime | Social Problems | Diseases | Programs Document Number: 312160 |
| 17. Title: Parent-child connectedness: new interventions for teen pregnancy prevention. Author: Bean S; Rolleri LA; Wilson P Source: Santa Cruz, California, ETR Associates, 2006. 74 p. Abstract: These intervention activities represent the culmination of three and a half years of work by the Parent-Child Connectedness: Bridging Research and Intervention Design (PCC BRIDGE) project team. The activities were conceptualized by PCC BRIDGE project codirectors Lori Rolleri and Steve Bean at Education, Training, Research Associates (ETR) in collaboration with our curriculum consultant Pamela Wilson, MSW, who wrote the initial drafts of all the activities except the active listening activity. The purpose behind designing these activities is to provide community-based organizations (CBOs) with intervention resources they can use to start impacting parent-child connectedness (PCC) with the parents and teens with whom they work. These activities were designed primarily for use by practitioners in the area of adolescent reproductive health (ARH), but they are general enough to be used for a variety of prevention topics and by a variety of prevention practitioners across many different intervention settings. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MANUAL | ADOLESCENTS | PARENTS | CHILDREN | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | CHILD REARING | BONDING | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | WORKSHOPS | PARENTING EDUCATION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Behavior | Interpersonal Relations | Communication | Education Document Number: 309447 |
| 18. Title: "There's nothing you could do if your rights were being violated". Monitoring Millennium Development Goals in relation to HIV-positive women's rights. Author: de Bruyn M Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Ipas, 2006 Jul. 64 p. Abstract: On 8 March 2004, 25 NGOs submitted a statement to the UN Commission on the Status of Women to draw attention to areas of reproductive health that are neglected with regard to HIV-positive women, such as fertility regulation and gynecological care. The benchmarks in this monitoring tool emerged from that statement and were related to the MDGs, which had become a major framework for development work and assistance at the international and national levels. A gender scan of several national MDG reports by UNDP in 2005 found that most reports did not adequately include gender concerns across all the goals; moreover, "attempts to 'step out of the box' and place discussions on issues such as poverty and HIV/AIDS in the larger context of gender equality and women's rights and freedoms, were infrequent exceptions". There is no specific SRH goal or target in the MDGs, although UN Secretary General Kofi Annan stated that ensuring access to SRH services promotes development since it advances gender equity and empowers women. The World Bank has added that development assistance to improve health status and health care is only significantly effective when given in a context of good policies and institutions. In our view, such an environment includes policies and institutions that promote respect for, and fulfillment of, sexual and reproductive rights for all people, including those living with and affected by HIV/AIDS. Others, such as the European Union, NGOs and international reproductive-health experts, support that viewpoint. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | STANDARDS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | WOMEN | HUMAN RIGHTS | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | MONITORING | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | WOMEN'S HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | STIGMA | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | PARENTING EDUCATION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior Change | Behavior | Communication Programs | Communication | Evaluation | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Health | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Social Problems | Education | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 306800 |
| 19. Title: Breastfeeding behaviors and experiences of adolescent mothers. Author: Spear HJ Source: MCN. American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing. 2006 Mar-Apr;31(2):106-113. Abstract: The purpose was to examine the breastfeeding experiences and related behaviors of adolescent mothers after discharge from the hospital. Descriptive telephone survey with both open- and closed-ended questions. Outcome variables included breastfeeding experiences and infant feeding practices. A convenience sample of mothers (N = 53), ranging in age from 14 to 19 years, were interviewed by telephone 5 months to 2 years post-delivery. Over one half (60.3%) of the adolescent mothers breastfed for 2 months or longer (average 3.15 months), only 22.6% breastfed for 6 months or more, and 39.6% breastfed for 1 month or less. Friends, families, and healthcare professionals were supportive of breastfeeding, but participants found prenatal and postpartum education about breastfeeding to be limited. Many indicated that they were not plainly informed about the superiority of breast milk and the health advantages of breastfeeding. One mother stated, “They just asked if I wanted to bottle or breastfeed and didn’t tell me about the benefits of breastfeeding.” Nurses and physicians who provide care for childbearing women need to promote breastfeeding among adolescents in a better way. Prenatal anticipatory guidance related to the physical aspects of breastfeeding, support after adolescent mothers are discharged from the hospital, and advocacy for breastfeeding in the school and workplace setting are warranted. Nurses should consider establishing postpartum education programs for breastfeeding adolescents, for almost all of the participants in this study expressed the need for more postnatal breastfeeding support as indicated by this representative statement: “I think that it would help you to be able to breastfeed if nurses could phone call you more than just once; my baby latched on good in the hospital; I had trouble later after we went home.” (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | QUESTIONNAIRES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | MOTHERS | BREASTFEEDING | LACTATION | PARENTING EDUCATION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Maternal Physiology | Physiology | Biology | Education Document Number: 300359 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Behaviour change in perinatal care practices among rural women exposed to a women's group intervention in Nepal. Author: Wade A; Osrin D; Shrestha BP; Sen A; Morrison J Source: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2006 Jun 15;6:20. Abstract: A randomised controlled trial of participatory women's groups in rural Nepal previously showed reductions in maternal and newborn mortality. In addition to the outcome data we also collected previously unreported information from the subgroup of women who had been pregnant prior to study commencement and conceived during the trial period. To determine the mechanisms via which the intervention worked we here examine the changes in perinatal care of these women. In particular we use the information to study factors affecting positive behaviour change in pregnancy, childbirth and newborn care. Women's groups focusing on perinatal care were introduced into 12 of 24 study clusters (average cluster population 7000). A total of 5400 women of reproductive age enrolled in the trial had previously been pregnant and conceived during the trial period. For each of four outcomes (attendance at antenatal care; use of a boiled blade to cut the cord; appropriate dressing of the cord; not discarding colostrum) each of these women was classified as BETTER, GOOD, BAD or WORSE to describe whether and how she changed her pre-trial practice. Multilevel multinomial models were used to identify women most responsive to intervention. Among those not initially following good practice, women in intervention areas were significantly more likely to do so later for all four outcomes (OR 1.92 to 3.13). Within intervention clusters, women who attended groups were more likely to show a positive change than non-group members with regard to antenatal care utilisation and not discarding colostrum, but non-group members also benefited. Women's groups promoted significant behaviour change for perinatal care amongst women not previously following good practice. Positive changes attributable to intervention were not restricted to specific demographic subgroups. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | MOTHERS | RURAL POPULATION | WOMEN'S GROUPS | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | INTERVENTIONS | INFANT HEALTH | CHILD CARE | PARENTING EDUCATION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Interest Groups | Political Factors | Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration | Child Health | Health | Child Rearing | Education Document Number: 304165 |
| 21. Title: Methods and the baseline situation in the field trial of home-based neonatal care in Gadchiroli, India. Author: Bang AT; Bang RA; Reddy HM; Deshmukh MD Source: Journal of Perinatology. 2005 Mar;25 Suppl 1:S11-S17. Abstract: In this paper, we describe the planning of the field trial and the methods used for collecting baseline health and ethnographic data in a rural field study site. We describe the study hypotheses, specific objectives, study design, sample size estimates, selection of study area, community consent, the organization of study teams, review mechanism, financial support and baseline data collection. Baseline population characteristics and vital statistics are presented. The qualitative information on traditional beliefs and practices prevalent in the study area revealed that parents felt powerless about newborn health and sickness. There was an enormous unmet need to reach the home-delivered neonates and their care-givers with the correct knowledge and health-care practices. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RURAL AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDY DESIGN | MOTHERS | INFANT | TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS | HOME CARE | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | NEONATAL MORTALITY | PARENTING EDUCATION | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Care and Support | Health Services | Primary Health Care | Infant Mortality | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Education | Culture Document Number: 310615 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: Worksite-based parenting programs to promote healthy adolescent sexual development: a qualitative study of feasibility and potential content. Author: Eastman KL; Corona R; Ryan GW; Warsofsky AL; Schuster MA Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2005;37(2):62-69. Abstract: Parents can play a significant role in promoting healthy sexual development and risk reduction among adolescents, but many are uncertain about how to talk with their adolescents about sex. Worksites provide an untapped but promising setting in which to reach parents to help them develop parenting and communication skills. Focus groups with 33 employed parents of adolescents and 41 high school students, and interviews with seven worksite executives, explored the desire for worksite-based parenting programs, how best to implement programs and recommendations for content. Standard qualitative analysis techniques were used to identify major themes in participants’ comments. Parents and employers were enthusiastic about worksite-based parenting programs. Parents reported that adolescents are reluctant to talk with them, but acknowledged their own inexperience talking about sex. Their suggestions included that programs be held at lunchtime, give participants opportunities to interact with each other and with facilitators, and give participants exercises to practice at home. Employers described potential benefits (e.g., improved employee morale) and challenges (e.g., privacy concerns) of programs. Teenagers said that their parents made false assumptions about their sexual activity if they asked about sex. Participants suggested that parenting programs cover adolescent development, sex, abstinence and communication (e.g., how to start conversations). A worksite-based program designed to help parents of adolescents develop communication and parenting skills could provide a way to reach busy parents. Recommendations from parents, employers and teenagers can be used to make such a program appealing and effective. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | PARENTS | ADOLESCENTS | WORKPLACE | PARENTING EDUCATION | COMMUNICATION | PROGRAMS | ROLE MODELS | SEX EDUCATION | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Employment | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Education | Organization and Administration | Interpersonal Relations | Behavior Document Number: 289949 |
| 23. Title: Teen pregnancy: a program for awareness and health education. Author: McCormack B; Sim MG Source: Australian Family Physician. 2005 Jan-Feb;34(1-2):17-20. Abstract: Background Baby Think It Over® is a health program that provides Perth adolescents in metropolitan schools with a ‘virtual’ parenting experience using an infant simulation program. Baby Think It Over seeks to modify attitudes toward teen pregnancy and parenting and to delay pregnancy until the participants have a better understanding of the demands and responsibilities of caring for an infant. At the same time, this program provides an opportunity to introduce adolescents to health services within their community with particular focus on general practice. Objective This article describes the methodology and qualitative assessment of the program, examines some outcomes associated with its uptake and lessons learnt in its implementation. Discussion The program demonstrates that divisions of general practice can work together with schools to deliver innovative programs. The value of projects like this is in the community partnerships and social capital that they build across the health and education sector. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AUSTRALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | ADOLESCENT HEALTH SERVICES | HEALTH EDUCATION | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | PARENTING EDUCATION | ADOPTION | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | Developed Countries | Oceania | Education | Schools | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Child Rearing | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 291888 |
| 24. Title: Parenting needs, goals, and strategies of adolescent mothers. Author: Stiles AS Source: MCN. American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing. 2005 Sep-Oct;30(5):327-333. Abstract: The purpose was to identify and organize the perceived needs, goals, and strategies of teen mothers. Qualitative, using a microethnographic design. Data collection strategies included focus groups and interviews in a naturalistic setting. The sample consisted of five unmarried 18-year-old mothers enrolled in an urban high school in a southern state. Data were analyzed using a clustering technique and a modified multistage method of content analysis. Teen mothers identified their needs as support and knowledge. Goals were happiness, independence, and career, and strategies were a support group, life skills education, formal education, and a job. A model was developed incorporating these themes. Nurses can use the findings of this study to develop support groups for adolescent mothers that offer peer support and education about teen and child needs, are flexible and multidisciplinary, are supportive and accepting, have a comfortable physical environment, and include the adolescents’ children and occasionally grandparents. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PARENTING EDUCATION | SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT | NEEDS | GOALS | INTERVENTIONS | SELF CARE | CHILD CARE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Education | Social Behavior | Behavior | Economic Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Programs | Treatment | Child Rearing Document Number: 291891 |
| 25. Title: India: Deepak Foundation helps first-time parents. Source: Adolescence Education Newsletter. 2004 Dec;7(2):9-11. Abstract: THE FIRST-BIRTH EXPERIENCE, along with new marriage, brings health vulnerability. At the same time, couples tend to be more open to information and changes that lead to a set pattern of reproductive health behaviour. Backed by this rationale as well as studies of expecting or first-time mothers, the Deepak Foundation began implementing the First-Time Parents project initiated by the Population Council. An integrated package of health and social interventions for married adolescents is being run in two sites in Calcutta and Vadodara. The current project beneficiaries are newlywed couples and first-time parents in 13 villages around Nandesari, with a population of 23,000. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | CRITIQUE | PARENTS | ADOLESCENTS | FIRST BIRTH | PARENTING EDUCATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES | SUPPORT GROUPS | GENDER ISSUES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy History | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Education | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Social Networks | Friends and Relatives Document Number: 303537 |
| 26. Title: Pregnant bodies, fertile minds: gender, race, and the schooling of pregnant teens. Review symposium. Author: Alldred P; Kelly DM; Reiss M Source: British Journal of Sociology of Education. 2004 Nov;25(5):629-643. Abstract: Pregnant bodies, fertile minds takes an ethnographic approach that centres on representation and self-representation. Like an 'ethnography of issues', it focuses on a contemporary social conflict from the perspective of those who have been defined as 'the problem', and like 'documentary ethnography' it uses 'self-representational activities as a way to enter the girls' life worlds and to examine how particular psychological and social processes work themselves out in these self-representations' (p. 43). Luttrell wants to 'convey something about selfhood, identity and agency that many other books about poor and working-class pregnant teenagers have not' (p. xvii), and in so doing hopes to gain understanding of 'a piece of the self- and identity-making process that is not well-enough understood' (p. 45). (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES | PARENTING EDUCATION | STIGMA | GENDER ISSUES | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | RACE RELATIONS | ETHNIC GROUPS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | POLITICAL FACTORS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Education | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Cultural Background | Economic Factors Document Number: 298660 |
| 27. Title: Do adolescents take "Baby Think It Over" seriously? Author: Barnett JE; Hurst CS Source: Adolescence. 2004 Spring;39(153):65-75. Abstract: Infant simulators are a popular means for providing a realistic experience of caring for an infant and are often used as a supplement in sexuality education programs. The goal of this activity is to help adolescents realize the enormous responsibility that raising a child entails and to motivate them to avoid risking pregnancy. The little research conducted to date on the effectiveness of infant simulators has yielded mixed results. The present study compared the reactions of 8th- and 10th-grade males and females at the end of their experience with infant simulators. Data were collected via student surveys and technical readouts from the simulators. Overall, the findings support the use of infant simulators, with the impact being greater for females and the younger group (8th graders). Data from the simulators were consistent with the self-reports. These promising results support the continued use of infant simulators, but further research with stronger experimental designs and long-term follow-up is needed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | PARENTING EDUCATION | SEX EDUCATION | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | DECISION MAKING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Behavior Document Number: 288665 |
| 28. Title: The Baby Think It Over (TM) experience to prevent teen pregnancy: a postintervention evaluation. Author: Didion J; Gatzke H Source: Public Health Nursing. 2004 Jul;21(4):331-337. Abstract: An evaluation was conducted to describe the personal impact of the ‘‘In Your Care’’ pregnancy prevention intervention program using Baby Think It Over infant simulator. Data was collected regarding the attitudes, actual and intended sexual practices, feelings, and opinions of participants 2 or 3 years after the intervention. Student recommendations for program continuation and improvement were also solicited. Male and female 11th grade students in rural and suburban Midwestern communities, who had experienced the program 2 or 3 years earlier, completed surveys and were interviewed in focus groups. Participants vividly recalled and described the simulated experience in statements that reflected insight and feelings about parental responsibility and the consequences of teen pregnancy. The teens also made several recommendations for enhancing the program. The findings suggest that simulated experiences can be a powerful strategy for effective learning about complex decisions regarding the risks of sexual activity and the realities of parenting. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | EVALUATION REPORT | SURVEYS | FOCUS GROUPS | ADOLESCENTS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PROGRAM EVALUATION | DECISION MAKING | SEX BEHAVIOR | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | PARENTING EDUCATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Evaluation | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Education Document Number: 194959 |
| 29. Title: Why parents matter!: The conceptual basis for a community-based HIV prevention program for the parents of African American youth. Author: Dittus P; Miller KS; Kotchick BA; Forehand R Source: Journal of Child and Family Studies. 2004 Mar;13(1):5-20. Abstract: The Parents Matter! Program (PMP) is a community-based family intervention designed to promote positive parenting and effective parent-child communication about sexuality and sexual risk reduction. Its ultimate goal is to reduce sexual risk behavior among adolescents. PMP offers parents instruction and guidance in general parenting skills related to decreased sexual risk behavior among youth (e.g., relationship building, monitoring) and sexual communication skills necessary for parents to effectively convey their values and expectations about sexual behavior--as well as critical HIV, STD, and pregnancy prevention messages--to their children. We briefly review the literature concerning parental influences on adolescent sexual risk behavior and present the conceptual model and theoretical foundation upon which PMP is based. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | THEORETICAL STUDIES | THEORETICAL MODELS | BLACKS | PARENTS | ADOLESCENTS | HIV PREVENTION | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | PARENTING EDUCATION | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Education | Communication | Child Rearing | Behavior Document Number: 299250 |
| 30. Title: Comprehensive child care. Author: Nair MK Source: Indian Pediatrics. 2004 Nov 17;41:1097-1099. Abstract: The UN Convention on the rights of the child for which India is a signatory makes it mandatory for us, child specialists to provide comprehensive care to all children below 18 years. In practical terms this would mean that when ever we say or write the word “child” we need to add “below 18”. What do we understand by the term comprehensive care? Is it covering all children below 18 years? Is it the life cycle approach? Is it caring for normal as well as the sick child? Is it monitoring growth and development? Is it different dimensions - physical, mental, psychological and social? Is it coverage-rural, coastal, urban slum and tribal? The UN child rights perspective emphasize on four basic rights; (1) The right to survival: right to life, health, nutrition, adequate standards of living; (2) The right to protection: freedom from exploitation, abuse, neglect, armed conflicts; (3) The right to development: right to education, leisure and recreation, early child care and development (ECCD), social security and (4) The right to participation: freedom of expression, thought, conscience and religion. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | CRITIQUE | CHILD | CHILD CARE | CHILD SURVIVAL | HUMAN RIGHTS | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | HEALTH | CHILD NUTRITION | EDUCATION | PARENTING EDUCATION | NEONATAL DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Child Rearing | Behavior | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Biology | Nutrition | Diseases Document Number: 276861 |
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