Inmagic CS/WebPublisher PRO found 1112 records

Your search found 1112 record(s).
New Basic Search | New Advanced Search | POPLINE Document Delivery Policy

Title: Traveling child-sex offenders in South East Asia: a regional review.
Author: Child Wise
Source: South Melbourne, Australia, Child Wise, 2009 Mar. 39 p.
Abstract: This is the third edition of this compendium of information about the sexual exploitation of children in tourism destinations throughout South East Asia. The report provides a regional overview of child sex tourism in South East Asia along with national reports from all 10 countries in the region. It also provides an update on the successful ASEAN Regional Education Campaign and a brief summary of the key findings from a situational analysis of hotline reporting numbers in the region.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA, SOUTHEASTERN | SUMMARY REPORT | TRAVELERS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | STREET KIDS | SEXUAL EXPLOITATION | TRAVEL AND TOURISM | CRIME | SEXUAL ABUSE | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Asia | Developing Countries | Behavior | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Social Problems | Diseases
Document Number: 342036

Title: FHI quality improvement guidelines for care and support programs for orphans and other vulnerable children.
Author: Family Health International [FHI]
Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, FHI, 2009 Jan. 18 p.
Abstract: The guidelines are organized into nine areas of support that respond to the basic needs and human rights of children. They are also aligned with the core areas of support for programs for orphans and vulnerable children established by the U.S. government in the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The areas covered by the guidelines are cross-cutting issues, care coordination, health, food and nutrition, education, psychosocial support, shelter and care, protection, and household economic strengthening.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | STANDARDS | MANUAL | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | CHILD HEALTH | EDUCATION | NUTRITION | FOOD SECURITY | HOME CARE | MENTAL HEALTH | SOCIAL PROTECTION | IMPLEMENTATION | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Food Supply | Natural Resources | Environment | Care and Support | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Political Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 339984

Title: Building support for orphans and vulnerable children.
Author: Population Council
Source: Momentum. 2009 Jun;:[1] p.
Abstract: We provide solid scientific evidence about programs targeting orphans and vulnerable children to help governments and communities provide better care for these children in need. The Council�s studies apply innovative research techniques to address complex issues about providing care and services to children affected by HIV. The Council�s evaluation of the RAPIDS intervention has highlighted the effectiveness of program activities and valuable lessons for program managers and providers. A mid-term evaluation in 2007 showed important progress, such as more help with school books, uniform fees, and transportation and improvements in school attendance among vulnerable children. Results from the 2009 data collection promise to provide further guidance to program managers on how to ensure the greatest impact with available resources. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
ZAMBIA | SUMMARY REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | MANAGEMENT | INFORMATION | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331493

Title: Increasing HIV testing for at-risk children.
Author: Population Council
Source: Momentum. 2009 Jun;:[1] p.
Abstract: The Caregiver Project is helping HIV-positive children access life-saving medical treatment and providing an outreach model that can be replicated across Africa. The project trains grandmothers (called �grannies") to serve as peer supporters for elderly caregivers. The grannies provide information about pediatric HIV testing and treatment to elderly caregivers who come to Social Security Agency sites to get grants for social services for children and the elderly. Grannies offer caregivers referral cards that list the locations of pediatric testing services and encourage them to take the children to be tested. The Caregiver Project is targeting an important gateway to accessing these children, the elderly caregivers, and motivating caregivers to seek care through age-appropriate resources. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CARE AND SUPPORT | PROMOTION | HIV TESTING | TREATMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Marketing | Economic Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 331491

Title: Overcoming barriers to treatment for children.
Author: Population Council
Source: Momentum. 2009 Jun;:[1] p.
Abstract: Only 11 percent of HIV-positive children eligible for treatment in Kenya receive life-saving therapy. Through surveys, group discussions, and interviews with families and health workers, Council researchers identified barriers that prevent parents and caregivers from seeking treatment for HIV-infected children. Applying its research findings, the Council and the government of Kenya are supporting community-awareness activities to educate and assist caregivers, inform them of available services, and reduce stigma. The Council is also working with health facilities to improve counseling, support, and outreach services, and to provide Kenya's government with recommendations for improving pediatric HIV services so HIV-positive children across the country receive life-saving treatment. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | SUMMARY REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | OBSTACLES | TREATMENT | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH SERVICES | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Organization and Administration | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 331492

Subscription may be needed for full text

Title: Minimally invasive surgery for children with HIV/AIDS.
Author: Banieghbal B
Source: Journal of Laparoendoscopic and Advanced Surgical Techniques. Part A. 2009 Feb;19(1):97-101.
Abstract: AIM: Human deficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have resulted in millions of deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa from opportunist infections. Children are not spared and are similarly affected. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) can be used, in a selected number of children, as a mean to establish diagnosis or render a treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was comprised of a 7-year retrospective analysis of a single pediatric surgeon's experience in South Africa. Forty-eight children, with ages 3 months to 14 years, with HIV/AIDS underwent laparoscopic/thoracoscopic exploration and treatment. RESULTS: Diagnostic laparoscopy and biopsy were the most common procedures (29 cases) indicated for nonspecific abdominal pain or rectal bleeding. The second most common procedure was laparoscopic antireflux fundoplication (10 cases) for damaged lower esophageal sphincter secondary to chronic candidal infection. The remaining procedures were for other rare surgical conditions, seen often in AIDS patients. No significant procedure-related complications occurred, but there were 2 mortalities from the underlying pathology in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest report on MIS for children with HIV/AIDS in the medical literature. It is shown that laparoscopic/thoracoscopic exploration and treatment in children with HIV/AIDS is safe and indicated for establishing the diagnosis and treatment of these unfortunate children.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SURGERY | LAPAROSCOPY | PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | PAIN | BLEEDING | CANDIDIASIS | GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS | COMPLICATIONS | AIDS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Studies | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Endoscopy | Examinations and Diagnoses | Signs and Symptoms | Bacterial and Fungal Diseases | Infections | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 330998

10.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The intergenerational impact of the African orphans crisis: a cohort study from an HIV/AIDS affected area.
Author: Beegle K; De Weerdt J; Dercon S
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology. 2009 Apr;38(2):561-8.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of orphanhood among children has been greatly exacerbated by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. If orphanhood harms a child's development and these effects perpetuate into adult life, then the African orphan crisis could seriously jeopardize the continent's future generations. Whether or not there exists an adverse, causal and intergenerational effect of HIV/AIDS on development is of crucial importance for setting medical priorities. This study is the first to empirically investigate the impact of orphanhood on health and schooling using long-term longitudinal data following children into adulthood. METHODS: We examined a cohort of 718 children interviewed in the early 1990s and again in 2004. Detailed survey questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were administered at baseline and during a follow-up survey. Final attained height and education (at adulthood) between children who lost a parent before the age of 15 and those who did not were compared. RESULTS: On average, children who lose their mother before the age of 15 suffer a deficit of around 2 cm in final attained height (mean 1.96; 95% CI 0.06-3.77) and 1 year of final attained schooling (mean 1.01; 95% CI 0.39-1.81). This effect is permanent and the hypothesis that it is causal cannot be rejected by our study. Although father's death is a predictor of lower height and schooling as well, we reject the hypothesis of a causal link. CONCLUSIONS: The African orphan crisis, exacerbated by the HIV/AIDS epidemic will have important negative intergenerational effects.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | PREVALENCE | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | CHILD HEALTH | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | HIV | AIDS | HUMAN CAPITAL | IMPACT | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Measurement | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Biology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Communication
Document Number: 341016

11.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Is education the link between orphanhood and HIV/HSV-2 risk among female adolescents in urban Zimbabwe?
Author: Birdthistle I; Floyd S; Nyagadza A; Mudziwapasi N; Gregson S; Glynn JR
Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 May;68(10):1810-1818.
Abstract: This study explored the role of education in explaining the excess sexual risk previously documented among unmarried female orphans in urban Zimbabwe. School attendance and attainment were assessed by type of orphanhood, and for their association with markers of sexual risk (HIV and/or HSV-2 infection) among 743 participants drawn from a random sample of 15- to 19-year-old girls identified in a cross-sectional survey in Highfield, Harare in 2004. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the role of educational status in explaining the higher prevalence of adverse sexual outcomes among unmarried orphans compared to non-orphans, adjusting for possible confounders. Double orphans had significantly lower educational attendance and attainment than non-orphans. Maternal orphans had higher odds of school drop-out, although this association disappeared when adjusted for recent mobility. Educational status was strongly associated with HIV/HSV-2 risk, but explained only a small part of double orphans' sexual risk and did not explain the HIV/HSV-2 risk of maternal and paternal orphans. High overall levels of secondary school participation and school fee assistance provided to vulnerable families may have reduced the schooling disparities between orphans and non-orphans in Highfield. However, further efforts are needed to rectify the schooling inequities that persist, while additional research is needed to identify other socioeconomic and emotional factors driving orphans' sexual risk so that prevention and support programs can meet the needs of this growing population.
Language: English
Keywords:
ZIMBABWE | URBAN AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HIV INFECTIONS | HERPES GENITALIS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Behavior | Health
Document Number: 341411

12.

Title: Evaluating the impact of community-based interventions on schooling outcomes among orphans and vulnerable children in Lusaka, Zambia.
Author: Chatterji M; Hutchinson P; Murray N; Buek K; Mulenga Y
Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center [CPC], MEASURE Evaluation, 2009 Apr. 34 p. (MEASURE Evaluation Working Paper Series WP-09-110USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03-00003-00USAID Task Order GHS-I-00-07-00002-00)
Abstract: This paper evaluates the impact of a community-based program implemented by a Zambian nongovernmental agency (NGO) on educational outcomes among orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Lusaka, Zambia. These outcomes included school enrollment and being at the correct age-for-grade. The study design included two rounds of post-intervention data collection, in 2003 and 2006. There were 2,302 children, ages 6-19, interviewed in 2003; and 3,105 children or young adults, ages 8-22, interviewed in 2006. A sub-sample of 2,922 orphans and vulnerable children, ages 8-19, was used. The effectiveness of Bwafwano Community Home-Based Care Organization, an NGO working in Lusaka, was evaluated, first using the individual cross-sectional samples and then using a differences-in-differences model on the pooled sample. Both cross-sectional analyses found positive and statistically significant effects of the intervention on school enrollment, with marginal effects of 0.104 and 0.168 respectively. The differences-in-differences estimates for school enrollment were positive, but small and not statistically significant. For the estimations of the effects of Bwafwano on the outcome of appropriate age-for-grade, only the difference-in-difference models showed positive program effect, with participation in the program being associated with a 15.7 percentage point increase in appropriate age-for-grade for intervention children, relative to control children. This study suggests that the Bwafwano program is a promising approach to improving educational outcomes among orphans and vulnerable children in urban Zambia.
Language: English
Keywords:
ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | INTERVENTIONS | HIV PREVENTION | HOME CARE | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Schools | Education | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Care and Support | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 339995

13.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The HIV-exposed, uninfected African child.
Author: Filteau S
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2009 Mar;14(3):276-87.
Abstract: The increasing success of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programmes means that in Africa, very large numbers of HIV-exposed, uninfected (HIV-EU) children are being born. Any health problems that these children may have will thus be of enormous public health importance, but to date have been largely neglected. There is some evidence that HIV-EU African children are at increased risk of mortality, morbidity and slower early growth than their HIV-unexposed counterparts. A likely major cause of this impaired health is less exposure to breast milk as mothers are either less able to breastfeed or stop breastfeeding early to protect their infant from HIV infection. Other contributing factors are parental illness or death resulting in reduced care of the children, increased exposure to other infections and possibly exposure to antiretroviral drugs. A broad approach for psychosocial support of HIV-affected families is needed to improve health of HIV-EU children. High quality programmatic research is needed to determine how to deliver such care.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | CRITIQUE | LITERATURE REVIEW | EVALUATION | CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | BREASTFEEDING | TIME FACTORS | CHILD HEALTH | GROWTH | DEFICIENCY DISEASES | CHILD MORTALITY | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | INFECTIONS | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Population Dynamics | Child Development | Biology | Nutrition Disorders | Mortality | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care
Document Number: 330961

14.

Title: Conceptions of mental health among Ugandan youth orphaned by AIDS.
Author: Harms S; Kizza R; Sebunnya J; Jack S
Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2009 Apr;8(1):7-16.
Abstract: The AIDS epidemic has disproportionately affected developing or low-income sub-Saharan African countries. Within the context of the epidemic, children and youth are at risk of losing their parents at an early age. The experience of orphanhood due to AIDS has the potential to negatively impact on a child's mental health. A qualitative study was conducted to comprehensively describe the experience of orphanhood and its impact on mental health from the culturally specific perspective of Ugandan youths. We conducted interviews with a purposeful sample of 13 youths (ages 12 to 18) who had lost one or both parents to AIDS illness and who were also affiliated with a non-governmental organisation providing support to orphans. The orphaned youths experienced significant ongoing emotional difficulties following the death of their parent(s). The youths in this study were unfamiliar with the term 'mental health,' however they easily identified factors associated with good or poor mental health. In general, good mental health was associated with social conduct that is culturally appropriate. Poor mental health was perceived as a form of madness or insanity and it was associated with a loss of basic life necessities, such as access to food, education or shelter. The youths also identified factors that promote more successful orphans. The findings of this study suggest that Western terminologies and symptom constellations in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV may not be applicable in an African cultural context. There are several clinical implications, including the development of a mental health intervention paradigm that emphasises resilience.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | YOUTH | MENTAL HEALTH | AIDS | RISK ASSESSMENT | EMOTIONS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Evaluation | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 341283

15.

Title: Analyzing the cost-effectiveness of interventions to benefit orphans and vulnerable children: evidence from Kenya and Tanzania.
Author: Hutchinson P; Thurman TR
Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center [CPC], MEASURE Evaluation, 2009 Apr. 26 p. (SR-09-51USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03-00003-00)
Abstract: To provide insight on the success of programs providing services to orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), this paper analyzes cost-effectiveness of four programs in Kenya and Tanzania by comparing intervention costs to program outcomes. These results provide some evidence that investments in OVC programs-particularly (1) school-based HIV education and counseling for children and (2) savings and internal lending committees for guardians-can help improve the well-being of OVCs at a fairly low cost per beneficiary.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HIV INFECTIONS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | EDUCATION | HEALTH SERVICES | TREATMENT | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | HIV | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 339996

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Emotional development and nutritional status of HIV/AIDS orphaned children aged 6-12 years old in Thailand.
Author: Isaranurug S; Chompikul J
Source: Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2009 Jan;13(1):138-43.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the emotional development and nutritional status of HIV/AIDS orphans by their infection status. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted during January and December 2005 in four provinces and Bangkok Metropolis where the prevalence of HIV/AIDS among pregnant women was high. The study population consisted of 388 HIV/AIDS orphans who were maternal or paternal or double orphans aged 6-12 years old. The orphans' main caregivers gave informed consent to the project and assessed the emotional development of their orphaned children. The children were measured for weight, height, and emotional development by standard instruments. They were divided into three groups regarding their HIV/AIDS infection status reported by their caregivers: infected, non-infected, and unknown. The chi(2) test was used to determine the association between nutritional status and infection status. RESULTS: Regarding HIV/AIDS infected children, 19.1% were infected, 57.5% were not infected, and 23.4% were unknown. The main caregivers of all types of orphans were grandparents. Only 13.7% of infected orphans lived with their mothers. Most caregivers were females and more than 40 years old. Infected orphans had mean scores of overall emotional development and for each domain less than other groups. The mean scores of self-control and quick recovery were significantly different between infected and non-infected groups (P-value < 0.05). Nearly 50% of infected orphans were rather short and approximately 42% were under weight and light. The findings revealed a significant association between height for age, weight for age and infection status of orphans at a P-value of <0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Orphanhood itself is a vulnerable status and HIV/AIDS infected orphans are most vulnerable. Acceptable and friendly services for orphans and their families are crucial. The services should continue and protect stigmatization.
Language: English
Keywords:
THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | NUTRITION INDEXES | CHILD NUTRITION | EMOTIONS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Nutrition | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases
Document Number: 330859

17.

Title: Mama Jaja: the stresses and strengths of HIV-affected Ugandan grandmothers.
Author: Kamya H; Poindexter CC
Source: Social Work In Public Health. 2009 Jan-Apr;24(1-2):4-21.
Abstract: This paper reports an exploratory qualitative project in the Entebbe-Kampala area of Uganda with 11 grandmothers who are raising orphans because of a parent's death from HIV infection. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the highest HIV infection and mortality rates are among women, especially in their childbearing years, leading to a tremendous number of orphaned HIV-infected and -affected children. Uganda has the world's highest rate of HIV-affected orphans. In Uganda, extended family members, especially grandmothers, provide general orphan care, AIDS care, and care for HIV-affected orphans. If orphans have places to stay, they are most often with grandparents and other elderly relatives in rudimentary village dwellings. Many of these elders are in poor health, recovering from nursing their adult children as they died of AIDS, and suffering from an extreme lack of financial resources. The burden of HIV-affected orphan care is enormously heavy. Services are not being provided adequately to custodial grandparents who are enormously challenged spiritually, socially, emotionally, financially, physically, and mentally. The following themes emerged from the interviews: experiencing extreme economic deprivation; feeling physically challenged with caregiving; being concerned for the children under their care; and struggling to cope through action, resilience, and relationships. Recommendations for research, practice, and policy are offered.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | GRANDPARENTS | WOMEN | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | CHILD REARING | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | INTERVIEWS | POVERTY | STRESS | NEEDS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 341957

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Peer-group support intervention improves the psychosocial well-being of AIDS orphans: cluster randomized trial.
Author: Kumakech E; Cantor-Graae E; Maling S; Bajunirwe F
Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 Mar;68(6):1038-43.
Abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that AIDS orphanhood status is accompanied by increased levels of psychological distress such as anxiety, depression, intense guilt, shame, and anger. However, few studies have examined the possible reduction of psychological distress in AIDS orphans through the help of interventions that promote well-being. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based peer-group support intervention combined with periodic somatic health assessments and treatment on the psychosocial well-being of AIDS orphans in the Mbarara District of southwestern Uganda. In a cluster randomized controlled design, 326 AIDS orphans aged 10-15 years were assigned to either peer-group support intervention combined with monthly somatic healthcare (n=159) or control group (n=167) for follow-up assessment. Baseline and 10 week follow-up psychological assessments were conducted in both groups using self-administered Beck Youth Inventories. Complete data were available for 298 orphans. After adjusting for baseline scores, follow-up scores for the intervention group in comparison with controls showed significant improvement in depression, anger, and anxiety but not for self-concept. This study demonstrated that peer-group support intervention decreased psychological distress, particularly symptoms of depression, anxiety and anger. Thus, the use of peer-group support interventions should be incorporated into existing school health programs.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | EVALUATION REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PEER GROUPS | SUPPORT GROUPS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | AIDS | STRESS | DEPRESSION | ANXIETY DISORDERS | SELF ESTEEM | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Social Networks | Friends and Relatives | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Mental Disorders
Document Number: 341167

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Psychometric evaluation of the Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Children (TSCC) among children affected by HIV/AIDS in China.
Author: Li X; Fang X; Stanton B; Zhao G; Lin X; Zhao J; Zhang L; Hong Y; Chen X
Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Mar;21(3):261-70.
Abstract: The current study, utilizing the baseline data from a longitudinal assessment of psychosocial needs of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS or living with HIV-infected parents in China, was designed to assess the psychometric properties of the Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Children (TSCC) among children affected by HIV/AIDS in China. The psychometric properties assessed in this study include internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and construct validity. The sample in the current study include 296 double orphans, 459 single orphans, and 466 children living with HIV-infected parents in central China where many residents had been infected with HIV through unhygienic blood collection. The results demonstrate adequate reliability and validity of the TSCC among study population. Children who experienced more traumatic events scored significantly higher on all TSCC clinical scales and subscales than those children who experienced less such events. The Chinese version of the TSCC should provide mental health researchers and practitioners with a reliable and valid assessment instrument in studying posttraumatic distress and related psychological symptomology among children affected by HIV/AIDS in China.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | AIDS | STRESS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | ANGER | ANXIETY DISORDERS | DEPRESSION | TESTING | RELIABILITY | VALIDITY | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Emotions | Mental Disorders | Measurement
Document Number: 341831

20.

Title: Faces of positive change: Highlighting positive changes in the lives of orphans and vulnerable children in Ethiopia.
Author: Lynch K; Radeny S; Bunkers K
Source: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Save the Children, 2009. [49] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. 663-A-00-04-00433-00)
Abstract: This book provides stories about the children, families, and communities who have participated in and benefited from the PC3 Program (Positive Change: Children, Communities, and Care). The program is a five-year (2004-2009) effort designed to provide care and support to half a million orphans and vulnerable children and their families in Ethiopia.
Language: English
Keywords:
ETHIOPIA | SUMMARY REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | NUTRITION | CAPACITY BUILDING | MALNUTRITION | HIV PREVENTION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Nutrition Disorders | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases
Document Number: 331822

21.

22.

Title: Community-based psychosocial intervention for HIV-affected children and their caregivers: evaluation of the Salvation Army's Mama Mkubwa Program in Tanzania.
Author: Nyangara F; Obiero W; Kalungwa Z; Thurman TR
Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center [CPC], MEASURE Evaluation, 2009 Mar. 29 p. (SR-09-50USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03-00003-00)
Abstract: This report presents the post-test findings from an outcome evaluation of the Mama Mkubwa community-centered psychosocial support program implemented by the Salvation Army, Tanzania Command, that provides assistance to OVC and their families and communities. In addition, the paper discusses the programmatic implications of the findings for program implementers and policy-makers to help them make informed decisions on how to meet OVC needs and reduce their vulnerabilities.
Language: English
Keywords:
TANZANIA | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | SUPPORT GROUPS | PROGRAM DESIGN | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Social Networks | Friends and Relatives | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 339997

23.

Title: Effects of programs supporting orphans and vulnerable children: Key findings, emerging issues, and future directions from evaluations of four projects in Kenya and Tanzania. An evaluation.
Author: Nyangara F; Thurman TR; Hutchinson P; Obiero W
Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, MEASURE Evaluation, 2009 Jun. 49 p. (SR-09-52USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03-00003-00)
Abstract: This report summarizes findings from evaluations of four programs, two in Kenya and two in Tanzania, that support orphans and other vulnerable children (OVC). The report focuses on the outcomes, emerging issues, and lessons learned. Implications of the findings are offered to provide guidance to OVC service providers, donors, and policy-makers.
Language: English
Keywords:
TANZANIA | KENYA | SUMMARY REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | CHILD HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | ADVOCACY | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | NUTRITION | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | CARE AND SUPPORT | EDUCATION | SOCIAL PROTECTION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Delivery of Health Care | Communication | Social Change | Behavior | Political Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331821

24.

Title: SAWAKA Jali Watoto Program supporting most-vulnerable children, Tanzania. A case study.
Author: Nyangara F; Matiko C; Kalungwa Z
Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, MEASURE Evaluation, 2009 Jul. 25 p.
Abstract: In 2007-2008, the MEASURE Evaluation project evaluated the Jali Watoto (Care for Children) project in Tanzania. Jali Watoto is a child- and community-centered program that provides support to most-vulnerable children and their caregivers. The evaluation assessed the effectiveness of the program model in improving the well-being of most-vulnerable children and their caregivers in communities affected by HIV / AIDS. In addition, the paper outlines the programmatic implications of the findings for service providers and other stakeholders and makes recommendations regarding effective, replicable interventions.
Language: English
Keywords:
TANZANIA | SUMMARY REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | CARE AND SUPPORT | NEEDS | LANGUAGE | NUTRITION | EDUCATION | MALNUTRITION | RECOMMENDATIONS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Factors | Communication | Nutrition Disorders
Document Number: 331827

25.

Title: Comparison of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of orphans and non-orphans among HIV-positive children in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Author: Oladokun R; Brown B; Aiyetan P; Ayodele O; Osinusi K
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2009 Jul;13(4):462-8.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HIV-positive orphans and to compare their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with HIV-positive non-orphans. METHODS: A survey was conducted among patients attending the infectious disease clinic of the Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between July 2005 and November 2006. Information obtained included demographic data, orphan status, HIV/AIDS status of parents, current caregiver, school enrolment, and clinical parameters at presentation. RESULTS: Of the 110 children studied (mean age 43.5 months, SD 41.7 months), 58 (52.7%) were male and 74 (67.9%) presented with severe clinical disease, while 68.1% were malnourished. There were 40 orphans, giving a prevalence of 36.4%. Of this number, 13 (32.5%) were paternal orphans, 20 (50%) were maternal orphans, and seven (17.5%) were double orphans. Thirty-five (87.5%) were cared for within the family and none were in institutional care. Compared to non-orphans, orphans tended to be older at presentation (p=0.02). There were no significant differences in school enrolment, clinical stage of the disease, CD4 counts, or mean weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and height-for-age Z-scores at presentation between the two groups. CONCLUSION: It appears that the extended family system is currently coping with the orphan situation. There is need for provision of social and economic support to caregivers of children orphaned by AIDS before the family system is overwhelmed.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | FRIENDS AND RELATIVES | AGE FACTORS | IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS | SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | BODY WEIGHT | MALNUTRITION | CHILD CARE | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Immunity | Immune System | Physiology | Biology | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Nutrition Disorders | Child Rearing | Behavior
Document Number: 342833

26.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Are female orphans at risk for early marriage, early sexual debut, and teen pregnancy? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa.
Author: Palermo T; Peterman A
Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Jun;40(2):101-112.
Abstract: Female orphans are widely cited as being at risk for early marriage, early childbearing, and risky sexual behavior; however, to date no studies have examined these linkages using population-level data across multiple countries. This study draws from recent Demographic and Health Surveys from ten sub-Saharan African countries to examine the relationship between orphanhood status and measures of early marriage, early sexual debut, and teen pregnancy among adolescent girls aged 15 to 17. Results indicate that, overall, little association is found between orphanhood and early marriage or teen pregnancy, whereas evidence from seven countries supports associations between orphanhood and early sexual debut. Findings are sensitive to the use of multivariate models, type of orphan, and country setting. Orphanhood status alone may not be a sufficient targeting mechanism for addressing these outcomes in many countries; a broader, multidimensional targeting scheme including orphan type, schooling, and poverty measures would be more robust in identifying and aiding young women at risk.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | AIDS | MARRIAGE AGE | FIRST INTERCOURSE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | RISK FACTORS | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Health
Document Number: 341894

27.

Title: 2004-09. The Guyana HIV / AIDS Reduction and Prevention Project. GHARP.
Author: Russell H
Source: Arlington, Virginia, Family Health International [FHI], 2009. 54 p. (USAID Contract No. 504-C-00-04-00109-00)
Abstract: This report outlines the major activities and achievements of the Guyana HIV / AIDS Reduction and Prevention (GHARP) Project (2004-09). A joint project of the Government of Guyana and the US Government, GHARP was funded by PEPFAR through USAID and implemented by Family Health International, Cicatelli Associates Inc., Howard Delafield International, Management Sciences for Health, and The Caribbean Conference of Churches.
Language: English
Keywords:
GUYANA | SUMMARY REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | MOTHERS | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS PREVENTION | IMPACT | OBSTACLES | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Diseases | Viral Diseases | AIDS | Communication | Organization and Administration | Programs
Document Number: 331504

28.

Title: Nutrition intervention and adequate hygiene practices to improve iron status of vulnerable preschool Burkinabe children.
Author: Sanou D; Turgeon-O'Brien H; Desrosiers T
Source: Nutrition. 2009 Jul 21;
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of an intervention that combined an increase in dietary and bioavailable iron intakes and an improvement in hygiene behaviors on the iron status of preschool children from Burkina Faso. METHODS: Thirty-three orphans and vulnerable children from 11 families who were 1-6 y old, were non-anemic, or had mild to moderate anemia were enrolled in an 18-wk trial. Using the probability approach for planning diets in an assisted-living facility, bioavailable iron intake was increased from 0.4 to 0.9mg/d by increasing the amounts of meat and citrus fruits and by adding iron-rich condiments to the diet, for an estimated cost of U.S. $0.59/mo. Hygiene behaviors were modified by implementing hand-washing before meals and by the use of individual plates for meals. Iron status indicators were measured twice and means at enrollment and after intervention were compared. RESULTS: After intervention, hemoglobin concentration increased from 98.7 to 103.8g/L (P=0.006). There was a decrease in total iron binding capacity (107 to 91mumol/L, P=0.05) and a marginal increase in transferrin saturation (13% to 17%, P=0.06). Significant improvement was not observed for serum ferritin concentration or prevalence of depleted iron stores, likely due to the confounding effect of infection. Anemia and iron-deficiency anemia were decreased from 64% to 30% and from 61% to 30%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Dietary modification associated with adequate hygiene behaviors could be a relevant strategy to control iron deficiency and anemia in areas where infection is a major health problem.
Language: English
Keywords:
BURKINA FASO | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | CHILD NUTRITION | INTERVENTIONS | DIET | IRON | ANEMIA | PREVALENCE | HYGIENE | HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Nutrition | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Metals | Vitamins and Minerals | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Measurement | Public Health | Hemic System
Document Number: 342282

29.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The impact of HIV/AIDS on the living arrangements and well-being of elderly caregivers in rural Uganda.
Author: Ssengonzi R
Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Mar;21(3):309-14.
Abstract: As the HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to devastate the sub-Saharan Africa region, the demand for care and support services to persons infected and affected by the disease is proliferating. Currently providing the bulk of this much-needed care and support are elderly persons. However, limited work has been done to examine how such care and support impacts the well-being of elderly caregivers. Using qualitative data from elderly respondents in two Ugandan districts, Kamuli and Luwero, this article examines changes in the household structure and living arrangements of older persons (50 years and above) after they take on caregiving responsibilities for persons suffering from AIDS-related illnesses and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) affected by HIV/AIDS. The findings show that elderly caregivers face drastic disruptions of living arrangements, including prolonged travels and absences from their homes to care for the sick. There is also a sharp increase in their household size as they take on more OVC. The implications of such changes on the older persons' health and well-being are discussed.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RURAL AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | OLDER ADULTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | CARE AND SUPPORT | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | INTERVIEWS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Data Collection | Research Methodology
Document Number: 341857

30.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Asset ownership and health and mental health functioning among AIDS-orphaned adolescents: findings from a randomized clinical trial in rural Uganda.
Author: Ssewamala FM; Han CK; Neilands TB
Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009;69(2):191-198.
Abstract: This study evaluated an economic empowerment intervention designed to promote life options, good health, and good mental health among AIDS-orphaned adolescents in rural Uganda. The study used an experimental design in which adolescents (N=267) were randomly assigned to receive an economic empowerment intervention or usual care for orphaned children. The study measured mental health functioning using 20 items of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS: 2)-a standardized measure for self-esteem-and measured overall health using a self-rated health measure. Data obtained at a 10-month follow-up revealed significant positive effects of the economic empowerment intervention on adolescents' self-rated health and mental health functioning. Additionally, health and mental health functioning were found to be positively associated with each other.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | RURAL POPULATION | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | MENTAL HEALTH | INTERVENTIONS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | SAVINGS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Macroeconomic Factors
Document Number: 339855


	Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy