1.  Title: Patterns and trends in adolescents' contraceptive use and discontinuation in developing countries and comparisons with adult women. Author: Blanc AK; Tsui AO; Croft TN; Trevitt JL Source: International Perspectives On Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Jun;35(2):63-71. Abstract: Demographic and Health Survey data from more than 40 countries were used to examine the proportions of 15- to 19-year-old women who are currently married or are unmarried but sexually active; their rates of contraceptive adoption, current use, discontinuation, method switching and contraceptive failure; trends in these indicators; and comparisons with older women. In many countries, the proportion of adolescent women using contraceptives increased substantially over the last two decades. Prevalence among adolescents increased faster than among older women. Greater proportions of adolescents than of older women discontinued using a contraceptive method within a year or experienced contraceptive failure. The authors conclude that expanded demand for contraceptive supplies, services, and information can be expected to challenge the preparedness, capacity, and resources of existing family planning programs and providers. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | WOMEN | OLDER ADULTS | AGE FACTORS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD SWITCHING | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Population Characteristics | Adults | Contraception | Family Planning | Family Planning Programs Document Number: 342143 |
2.  Peer Reviewed Title: Sexual behavior and drug consumption among young adults in a shantytown in Lima, Peru. Author: Galvez-Buccollini JA; DeLea S; Herrera PM; Gilman RH; Paz-Soldan V Source: BMC Public Health. 2009 Jan 19;9(23):[27] p. Abstract: Risky sexual behaviors of young adults have received increasing attention during the last decades. However, few studies have focused on the sexual behavior of young adults in shantytowns of Latin America. Specifically, studies on the association between sexual behaviors and other risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV/AIDS transmission, such as the consumption of illicit drugs or alcohol are scarce in this specific context. The study participants were 393 men and 400 women between 18 and 30 years of age, from a shantytown in Lima, Peru. Data were obtained via survey: one section applied by a trained research assistant, and a self-reporting section. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between use of any illicit drug, high-risk sexual behaviors and reported STI symptoms, adjusting for alcohol consumption level and various socio-demographic characteristics. Among men, age of sexual debut was lower, number of lifetime sexual partners was higher, and there were higher risk types of sexual partners, compared to women. Though consistent condom use with casual partners was low in both groups, reported condom use at last intercourse was higher among men than women. Also, a lifetime history of illicit drug consumption decreased the probability of condom use at last sexual intercourse by half. Among men, the use of illicit drugs doubled the probability of intercourse with a casual partner during the last year and tripled the probability of reported STI symptoms. Drug consumption is associated with high-risk sexual behaviors and reported STI symptoms in a Lima shantytown after controlling for alcohol consumption level. Development of prevention programs for risky sexual behaviors, considering gender differences, is discussed. Language: English Keywords: PERU | RESEARCH REPORT | OLDER ADULTS | RISK FACTORS | RISK BEHAVIOR | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | CONDOM USE | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior Document Number: 329532 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: HIV/AIDS and the health of older people in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya: results from a cross sectional survey. Author: Kyobutungi C; Ezeh AC; Zulu E; Falkingham J Source: BMC Public Health. 2009 May 27;9(1):153. Abstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The proportion of older people is increasing worldwide. Globally, it is estimated that older people (those 60 years or older) constitute more than 11% of the population. As the HIV/AIDS pandemic rages in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), its impact on older people needs closer attention given the increased economic and social roles older people have taken on as a result of increased mortality among adults in the productive age groups. Few studies have looked at older people and their health in SSA or indeed the impact of HIV/AIDS on their health. This study aims to assess the effect of being directly or indirectly affected by HIV/AIDS on the health of older people in two Nairobi slums. METHODS: Data were collected from residents of the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance area, who on 1st October 2006, were 50 years and older. Health status was assessed using the short SAGE (Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health) form and two outcome measures - self-rated health and a composite health score - were generated. To assess HIV/AIDS affected status, respondents were asked: Have you personally been affected by HIV/AIDS? If yes, a follow up question: "How have you been personally affected by HIV/AIDS?" was asked. Ordinal logistic regression was used in models with self-rated health and linear regression in models with the health score. RESULTS: About 18% of respondents reported being affected by HIV/AIDS in at least one way, although less than 1% reported being infected with HIV. Nearly 60% of respondents reported being in good health, 27% in fair health and 14% in poor health. The overall mean health score was 70.6 (SD: 13.9). Females reported worse health outcomes than males. Respondents directly or indirectly affected by HIV/AIDS reported worse health outcomes than those not affected: mean health score: 68.5 and 71.1 respectively (t=3.21), and an adjusted odds ratio of reporting "poor health" of 1.42 (95%CI: 1.12-1.80). CONCLUSION: Poor health outcomes among older people affected by HIV/AIDS highlight the need for policies that target them in the fight against HIV/AIDS if they are to play their envisaged care giving and other traditional roles. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | KAP SURVEYS | HEALTH SURVEYS | OLDER ADULTS | SLUMS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | SEX FACTORS | SELF-PERCEPTION | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | HEALTH POLICY | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Health | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Urbanization | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Perception | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 341484 |
| 4. Peer Reviewed Title: The impact of HIV/AIDS on the living arrangements and well-being of elderly caregivers in rural Uganda. Author: Ssengonzi R Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Mar;21(3):309-14. Abstract: As the HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to devastate the sub-Saharan Africa region, the demand for care and support services to persons infected and affected by the disease is proliferating. Currently providing the bulk of this much-needed care and support are elderly persons. However, limited work has been done to examine how such care and support impacts the well-being of elderly caregivers. Using qualitative data from elderly respondents in two Ugandan districts, Kamuli and Luwero, this article examines changes in the household structure and living arrangements of older persons (50 years and above) after they take on caregiving responsibilities for persons suffering from AIDS-related illnesses and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) affected by HIV/AIDS. The findings show that elderly caregivers face drastic disruptions of living arrangements, including prolonged travels and absences from their homes to care for the sick. There is also a sharp increase in their household size as they take on more OVC. The implications of such changes on the older persons' health and well-being are discussed. Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | RURAL AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | OLDER ADULTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | CARE AND SUPPORT | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | INTERVIEWS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Data Collection | Research Methodology Document Number: 341857 |
| 5. Title: Progress in introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine--worldwide, 2000-2008. Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Source: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2008 Oct 24;57(42):1148-51. Abstract: Pneumococcal disease is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality globally, causing an estimated 0.7-1.0 million deaths annually among children aged <5 years (1). A pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) that includes seven pneumococcal serotypes (PCV7) first became available in 2000. Studies in the United States have demonstrated that introduction of universal vaccination with PCV7 resulted in a 77% decrease in invasive pneumococcal disease among children aged <5 years and a 39% decrease in hospital admissions for pneumonia among children aged <2 years (2,3). A similar vaccine with two additional serotypes was highly efficacious against pneumonia and invasive disease in clinical trials in Africa and, in one trial, reduced all-cause mortality among children by 16% (4). Low-income countries, which account for >97% of pneumonia cases in children aged <5 years (5), will benefit most from introduction of PCV. This report summarizes the progress made in introducing PCV7 worldwide. As of August 2008, 26 countries offered PCV7 to all children as part of national immunization programs or had PCV7 in widespread use (i.e., with estimated national coverage >50%); however, none of these countries is a low-income or lower-middle income country. The World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF have recognized the safety and effectiveness of PCVs and recommend that these vaccines for young children be included in national immunization programs (1). Overcoming the challenges to global introduction remains an urgent public health priority. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MINNESOTA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CASE STUDIES | MEN | OLDER ADULTS | BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL DISEASES | SKELETAL EFFECTS | BLOOD TRANSFUSION | INSECTS | EMBOLISM | SURGERY | COMPLICATIONS | ANTIBIOTICS | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Infections | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Vascular Diseases | Drugs Document Number: 329067 |
| 6. Title: Has the HIV epidemic peaked? Author: Population Council Source: Population Briefs. 2008 Dec;14(2):[2] p. Abstract: The HIV epidemic appears to have stabilized around the world, according to a Population Council Distinguished Scholar and his colleagues. Although the rate of new infections has probably peaked in all world regions, the absolute number of HIV-positive individuals is expected to remain near current levels worldwide, with slower growth in sub-Saharan Africa and declines elsewhere. The epidemic still poses a daunting challenge to public health programs. As a result of continued high rates of population growth and only moderate success of HIV prevention programs, large numbers of adolescents and adults are still likely to become infected. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | SUMMARY REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGY | PREVALENCE | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ADOLESCENTS | OLDER ADULTS | HIV TRANSMISSION | HIV INFECTIONS | CHANGES | POPULATION GROWTH | Africa | Developing Countries | Public Health | Health | Measurement | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adults | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics Document Number: 331489 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: The epidemiology of dependency among urban-dwelling older people in the Dominican Republic: a cross-sectional survey. Author: Acosta D; Rottbeck R; Rodriguez G; Ferri CP; Prince MJ Source: BMC Public Health. 2008 Aug 13;8:285. Abstract: Demographic ageing, and the health transition will soon lead to large increases in the number of dependent older people in low and middle income countries. Despite its importance, this topic has not previously been studied. A cross sectional catchment area one-phase survey of health conditions, dependency, care arrangements and caregiver strain among 2011 people aged 65 years and over in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. 7.1% of participants required much care and a further 4.7% required at least some care. The prevalence of dependency increased sharply with increasing age. Dependent older people were less likely than others to have a pension and much less likely to have paid work, but no more likely to benefit from financial support from their family. Needing much care was strongly associated with comorbidity between cognitive, psychological and physical health problems. However, dementia made the strongest independent contribution. Among those needing care, those with dementia stood out as being more disabled, as needing more care (particularly support with core activities of daily living), and as being more likely to have paid caregivers. Dementia caregivers experienced more strain than caregivers of those with other health conditions, an effect mediated by behavioural and psychological symptoms. Dependency among older people is nearly as prevalent in Dominican Republic as in developed western settings. Non-communicable diseases, particularly dementia are the main contributing factors. Attention needs to be directed towards the development of age-appropriate healthcare, a long-term care policy, and mechanisms for ensuring the social protection of older persons. Language: English Keywords: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | EPIDEMIOLOGY | URBAN AREAS | OLDER ADULTS | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | HEALTH | DEPENDENCY BURDEN | Caribbean | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Public Health | Geographic Factors | Population | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Dynamics | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 307986 |
| 8. Title: A comparison of the health of older hispanics in the United States and Mexico: Methodological challenges. Author: Angel RJ; Angel JL; Hill TD Source: Journal of Aging and Health. 2008 Feb;20(1):3-31. Abstract: This study compares various dimensions of physical and emotional health between older Mexican-origin individuals in the United States and in Mexico. The samples are drawn from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) and the Hispanic Established Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (H-EPESE) and include 3,875 Mexican residents with no history of residence in the United States and 2,734 Mexican-origin individuals 65 and older who live in the southwestern United States. Both immigrant and native-born Mexican-origin elders in the United States report more chronic conditions than elderly Mexicans, but they report fewer symptoms of psychological distress. Longer residence in the United States is associated with higher body mass index scores. The discussion addresses the possibility that access to care influences reports of diagnosed conditions and touches on issues of comparability in cross-cultural research and the difficulty in clearly distinguishing cultural and system-level factors in the productionand measurement of health. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | HISPANICS | ADULTS | OLDER ADULTS | IMMIGRANTS | NATIVE-BORN | HEALTH | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | CHRONIC DISEASES | STRESS | CULTURE | LANGUAGE | HEALTH INSURANCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Nationality | Behavior | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 324411 |
| 9. Title: Do coresidency and financial transfers from the children reduce the need for elderly parents to works in developing countries? Author: Cameron LA; Cobb-Clark D Source: Journal of Population Economics. 2008 Oct;21(4):1007-1033. Abstract: Do elderly parents use coresidence with or financial transfers from children to reduce their own labour supply in old age? This paper is one of only a few studies that seeks to formally model elderly labour supply in the context of a developing country while taking into account coresidency with and financial transfers from children. We find little evidence that support from children-either through transfers or coresidency-substitutes for elderly parents' need to work. Thus, as in developed countries, there is a role for public policy to enhance the welfare of the elderly population. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | INDONESIA | RESEARCH REPORT | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | OLDER ADULTS | CHILDREN | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSFERS | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | LABOR FORCE | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Theoretical Models | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Human Resources Document Number: 327975 |
| 10. Title: Age at menarche of three-generation families in Taiwan. Author: Chang SR; Chen KH Source: Annals of Human Biology. 2008 Jul-Aug;35(4):394-405. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Menarche is a critical transition and biological event for women. Age at menarche is an important variable for women's health and appears to be decreasing from generation to generation. AIM: This study describes the distributions of recalled age at menarche of women in three-generation families, examines generational differences, and evaluates the effects of birth mothers' and birth grandmothers' recalled age at menarche on their daughters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional investigation was performed on 214 post-adolescent girls from central Taiwan and their birth mothers and grandmothers. The descriptive analysis, analyses of mixed effect models, and multiple linear regression analyses were employed to examine the relationships of age at menarche for three generations within families. RESULTS: The distribution of age at menarche moved significantly earlier over the three generations. The mean ages at menarche were 15.16 +/- 1.75, 14.50 +/- 1.50, and 13.00 +/- 1.26 years for grandmothers, mothers, and daughters, respectively. Four factors for the daughters' age at menarche (adjusted for age at the time of the study and geographical location) were identified. The first three were reinforcing effects. These were the product of the mothers' and grandmothers' ages at menarche, the product of the mothers' geographical locations and ages at menarche, and the product of the grandmothers' ethnicity and ages at menarche. The fourth factor was the grandmothers' ethnicity. CONCLUSION: The results showed a significant decrease in the onset age of menstruation over three generations, with a positive effect on age at menarche from mothers to daughters and from grandmothers to granddaughters. Language: English Keywords: TAIWAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | WOMEN | ADULTS | OLDER ADULTS | AGE FACTORS | MENARCHE | GENETICS | HEREDITY | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Menstruation | Reproduction | Biology Document Number: 328275 |
| 11. Title: The health of aging populations in China and India. Author: Chatterji S; Kowal P; Mathers C; Naidoo N; Verdes E; Smith JP; Suzman R Source: Health Affairs. 2008 Jul-Aug;27(4):1052-63. Abstract: China and India are home to two of the world's largest populations, and both populations are aging rapidly. Our data compare health status, risk factors, and chronic diseases among people age forty-five and older in China and India. By 2030, 65.6 percent of the Chinese and 45.4 percent of the Indian health burden are projected to be borne by older adults, a population with high levels of noncommunicable diseases. Smoking (26 percent in both China and India) and inadequate physical activity (10 percent and 17.7 percent, respectively) are highly prevalent. Health policy and interventions informed by appropriate data will be needed to avert this burden. Language: English Keywords: CHINA | INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | EVALUATION INDEXES | OLDER ADULTS | MIDDLE AGED ADULTS | PREVALENCE | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | RISK FACTORS | CHRONIC DISEASES | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | BIOLOGICAL AGING | TOBACCO USE | FITNESS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Research Methodology | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Measurement | Health | Biology | Diseases | Population Dynamics | Physiology | Behavior Document Number: 329252 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Fertility transition and population ageing in the Asian and Pacific region. Author: Gubhaju B Source: Asia Pacific Population Journal. 2008 Aug;23(2):55-80. Abstract: This paper provides a general overview of population ageing in the context of fertility transition in Asia and the Pacific. Focusing on low-fertility countries, it highlights the implications of low fertility for the ageing process. Indicators of population ageing, such as changes in age structure, potential support ratio and the feminization of the elderly population, are presented to provide a better understanding of the overall situation. As the region is home to over 60 per cent of the global population and has been experiencing a rapid decline in fertility, the absolute size of the older population is a cause for major concern. While the overall population growth rate has been declining over time, the number of older persons is increasing at a faster rate. In addition to the increase in the number of older persons, gender disparity in improvements in life expectancy at birth is likely to result in a much higher percent age of females in the older age groups, particularly in the age group 80 years and older. It is therefore important for countries in the region to recognize the significance of ageing problems and to start formulating policies for the elderly given that it takes several decades for Government old-age pension schemes to mature and to operate at full scale. Language: English Keywords: ASIA | OCEANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | OLDER ADULTS | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | AGE DISTRIBUTION CHANGES | FERTILITY DECLINE | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | LIFE EXPECTANCY | Developing Countries | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Age Distribution | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Length of Life | Mortality Document Number: 331308 |
| 13. Title: Manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly: a prospective observational study from north India. Author: Gupta D; Singh N; Kumar R; Jindal SK Source: Indian Journal of Chest Diseases and Allied Sciences. 2008 Jul-Sep;50(3):263-7. Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is scarcity of published literature on manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among elderly patients in India. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical, radiological and laboratory manifestations of PTB among young and elderly patients. METHODS: This prospective study involved 100 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative patients with PTB. The demographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory manifestations were compared between young (n=50; under 60 years of age) and elderly (n=50; aged 60 years and above) with PTB. RESULTS: Elderly patients, in comparison to younger patients, tended to be heavier smokers and had more co-morbidities (40% vs 8%; p < 0.05). They presented more frequently with constitutional symptoms (except fever) and less frequently with respiratory symptoms. The mean duration of symptoms and rate of sputum smear-positivity for acid-fast bacilli was similar in both groups. Both the groups were similar with respect to physical examination and chest radiograph findings. Median values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and total leukocyte count were significantly higher and lower respectively in the elderly patients. CONCLUSIONS: The presentation of PTB in elderly patients differs from that of younger patients by the predominance of constitutional rather than respiratory symptoms. A high index of suspicion is required to make a timely diagnosis of tuberculosis in the elderly. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | OLDER ADULTS | TUBERCULOSIS | PULMONARY EFFECTS | RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Infections | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 328408 |
| 14. Title: The impact of future demographic trends in Europe, 2005 -- 2050. Author: Kupiszewski M; Bijak J; Nowok B Source: Finnish Yearbook of Population Research. 2008;43:147-183. Abstract: The objective of the paper is to examine the future of populations within the Council of Europe member states, identify the main trends and discuss their policy implications. The analysis focuses on the impact that future demographic trends will have on the following social domains: education, the labour market, health care and care of the elderly and social protection. The study aims to be policy-oriented and to provide an overview of future demographic trends for 2005-2050 in the Council of Europe member states, as well as presenting an analysis related to selected policies and an interpretation of these trends. The analysis of population dynamics in the coming 45 years is based on the United Nations population projection of 2005. (author's) Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | POPULATION | OLDER ADULTS | LABOR FORCE | POPULATION FORECAST | DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT | SOCIAL POLICY | EDUCATION | EMPLOYMENT | POPULATION DYNAMICS | DEMOGRAPHY | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | SOCIAL PROTECTION | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Estimation Techniques | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Social Sciences | Science | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 326071 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Mortality of the elderly is still exceedingly high at diagnosis of AIDS despite favourable outcomes after highly active antiretroviral therapy in Recife, Brazil. Author: Lacerda HR; Kitner D Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2008 Jul;19(7):450-454. Abstract: This study aimed to compare the outcome of an elderly group of AIDS patients with that of a younger group and their features at the time of the diagnosis of AIDS. We evaluated 58 patients aged .60 years and 114 aged 20-39 years, followed for 35.3 months. There was an obvious delay in diagnosing the elderly as they had more AIDS-defining diseases at diagnosis and their most frequent opportunistic infection was pulmonary tuberculosis. Mortality at the time of the diagnosis of AIDS was four times higher in the elderly (24.1% versus 6.1%, P< 0.001). However, when comparing only those submitted to highly active antiretroviral therapy, there was a similar frequency of favourable outcomes; 76.9% in the elderly against 83.1% in the young (P = 0.455). Mean CD4 lymphocyte was 438 cells/mm3 at the end of follow up in the young when compared with 442 cells/mm3 in the elderly (P = 0.945). The types of antiretroviral schema and the number of antivirals per patient were similar in both groups. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | CLIENTS | OLDER ADULTS | AGE FACTORS | AIDS | TUBERCULOSIS | HIV TESTING | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | TREATMENT | DEATH RATE | MORTALITY | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Adults | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Infections | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV | Population Dynamics Document Number: 327875 |
| 16. Title: An aging world - demographics and challenges [editorial] Author: Lunenfeld B Source: Gynecological Endocrinology. 2008 Jan;24(1):1-3. Abstract: The world has seen enormous changes over the past century, including historically unprecedented declines in mortality rates and increases in population, followed by equally unprecedented declines in fertility rates. This century will see a new set of demographic challenges, including a mix of falling fertility rates alongside persisting worldwide population growth, and the subsequent aging of populations in both developing and developed countries. The 20th century was the century of population growth; the 21st century will go into the history books as the century of aging. A holistic approach to this new challenge of the 21st century will necessitate a quantum leap in multidisciplinary and internationally coordinated research efforts, supported by a new partnership between industry and governments, philanthropic and international organizations. This collaboration we hope will enrich us with a better understanding of healthy aging, permit us to help to improve quality of life, prevent the preventable, and postpone and decrease the pain and suffering of the inevitable. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES | OLDER ADULTS | POPULATION | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | FERTILITY RATE | QUALITY OF LIFE | POPULATION PROJECTION | FERTILITY DECLINE | LIFE EXPECTANCY | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | LIFE STYLE | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | PREVENTIVE MEDICINE | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Dynamics | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | Estimation Techniques | Research Methodology | Fertility Changes | Length of Life | Mortality | Natural Resources | Environment | Behavior | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 324751 |
| 17. Title: Early life exposure and its effects on health in the Puerto Rican elderly population. Author: McEniry M; Palloni A; Davila AL; Garcia Gurucharri A Source: Madison, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology, 2008. 49 p. (CDE Working Paper No. 2008-01) Abstract: Season of birth may help disentangle the effects on health of early life exposure to poor nutrition and infectious diseases from effects associated with other childhood conditions. Using data from 60 to 74 year old Puerto Ricans who lived in rural areas during childhood (n=1459), we estimated effects of exposure to poor nutrition and infectious diseases during late gestation on the probability of (a) chronic conditions (diabetes, heart disease, obesity), (b) decreased functionality (limitation in at least one ADL and IADL), and (c) poor self-reported health controlling for childhood health and SES and knee height. Findings: (1) strong associations between exposure and heart disease; (2) virtually no attenuation of effects of self-reported childhood health with controls for exposure; (3) no association between exposure and diabetes, obesity, functionality, poor health. Conclusions: timing of birth may reveal conditions experienced perinatally which affect adult heart disease, but there is little evidence of similar effects on adult diabetes and obesity. (author's) Language: English Keywords: PUERTO RICO | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | OLDER ADULTS | FETUS | SEASONAL VARIATION | CHILDBIRTH | INFANT NUTRITION | COMMUNICABLE DISEASES | CHILD HEALTH | CHRONIC DISEASES | HEALTH | HEART DISEASES | OBESITY | DIABETES | Caribbean | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Population Dynamics | Pregnancy Outcomes | Nutrition | Infections | Diseases | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 325667 |
| 18. Title: Cortical atrophy and white matter hyperintensities in HIV: the Hawaii Aging with HIV Cohort Study. Author: McMurtray A; Nakamoto B; Shikuma C; Valcour V Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2008 Jul-Aug;17(4):212-7. Abstract: BACKGROUND: As many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive individuals are now living longer after infection because of highly active antiretroviral therapy, aging-related manifestations of cerebral small-vessel ischemic vascular disease, such as brain white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), are becoming increasingly important in this population. GOALS: This study was designed to determine the relationship between WMHs and cortical volumes in HIV-seropositive individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Voxel-based morphometry was used to compare cortical volumes among 62 HIV-seropositive individuals participating in the Hawaii Aging with HIV Cohort Study, 30 with moderate WMHs and 32 with minimal or no WMHs. RESULTS: Presence of moderate WMHs was associated with decreased cortical volumes in the frontal lobes bilaterally. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that age-related WMHs are associated with reduced frontal gray matter volumes in HIV-seropositive individuals, supporting the hypothesis that the frontal lobes may have greater susceptibility to the effects of small-vessel ischemic vascular disease. Language: English Keywords: HAWAII | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | OLDER ADULTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | VASCULAR DISEASES | BIOLOGICAL AGING | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 328567 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: Adult education and child nutrition: The role of family and community. Author: Moestue H; Huttly S Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2008 Feb;62(2):153-159. Abstract: It is well established that mothers' education has positive effects on child nutrition in developing countries. Less explored is the effect exerted by the education of other individuals-mothers' friends, neighbours and family. The objectives were to examine independent effects of mothers', fathers' and grandmothers' education on child height-forage and weight-for-age z-score, and the role of community-level maternal literacy over and above parental education and other individual-level factors. Cross-sectional data were analysed for 5692 children from Andhra Pradesh State in India and Vietnam sampled within "sites" (20 from each country) and then within "communities" (31 from Vietnam and 102 from India). Multilevel regression analysis was undertaken to account for confounders and geographical clustering of observations. Child nutrition is positively and independently associated with mothers', fathers' and grandmothers' education. The association with grandmothers' education was statistically significant in the India sample only and was stronger for boys: the adjusted mean difference in height-for-age z-scores between boys living with an educated grandmother and those not was 0.64 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.99, p less than 0.001). In the Vietnam sample, child nutrition was associated with the proportion of literate mothers in the community, adjusting for parental education and other confounders (height 0.81, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.31, p=0.002). The results imply that an individual-level perspective may fail to capture the entire impact of education on child nutrition, and support a call for a widening of focus of nutrition policy and programmes from the mother-child pair towards the broader context of their family and community. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | VIETNAM | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PARENTS | OLDER ADULTS | MIDDLE AGED ADULTS | CHILD HEALTH | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | EDUCATION | CHILD NUTRITION | LITERACY | ANTHROPOMETRY | IMPACT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Asia, Southeastern | Research Methodology | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Nutrition | Measurement | Communication Document Number: 323621 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Labour migration and change in older people's living arrangements: the case of Kanchanaburi Demographic surveillance system (KDSS), Thailand. Author: Qin M; Punpuing S; Guest P; Prasartkul P Source: Population, Space and Place. 2008;14:419-432. Abstract: This study involves an investigation of changes in older people's living arrangements in the context of a 4-round panel design from the Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System (KDSS), Thailand. The respondents were 2320 persons aged 60 and above, who were co-residing with family members in addition to, or other than, their spouse at the time of the first round of the census. Survival analysis is used to interpret the data. Results indicate that labour migration plays an important role in changes in the living arrangements of older people. Migration increases the risk of living alone. Other demographic and socio-economic factors of importance include the marital status of older people, economic security, household assets, household size, and household members living nearby. The paper concludes by discussing policy implications of the findings. Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | OLDER ADULTS | LABOR MIGRATION | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | CHANGES | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Population | Migration | Population Dynamics | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 328738 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Are social inequalities in mortality in Britain narrowing? Time trends from 1978 to 2005 in a population-based study of older men. Author: Ramsay SE; Morris RW; Lennon LT; Wannamethee SG; Whincup PH Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2008;62:75-80. Abstract: The objective was to examine whether social inequalities in all-cause and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in Britain have reduced between 1978 and 2005. The design of the study was a prospective study of a socioeconomically representative population. The setting for the study was 24 British towns. The participants used were 7735 Men, aged 40-59 years at recruitment in 1978-1980 and followed up until 2005 through the National Health Service Central Register (164 120 person-years). The main outcome measures were relative hazards and absolute risk differences for all-cause and CHD death comparing manual with non-manual social classes, calculated for different calendar periods. 3009 Deaths from all causes (1003 from CHD) occurred during follow-up. The overall hazard ratio (manual versus non-manual) was 1.56 (95% CI 1.45 to 1.69, p < 0.001) for all-cause mortality and 1.54 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.76, p < 0.001) for CHD mortality. The relative difference between these social groups tended to increase over time. The overall relative increase in hazard ratio comparing manual with non-manual groups over a 20-year calendar period was 1.22 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.80, p=0.31) for all-cause mortality and 1.75 (95% CI 0.89 to 3.45, p=0.11) for CHD mortality. The absolute difference in probability of survival to age 65 years between nonmanual and manual groups fell from 29% in 1981 to 19% in 2001 for all-cause mortality and from 17% to 7% for CHD mortality. Relative differences in all-cause and CHD mortality between manual and non-manual social class groups persisted and may have increased during this period. Absolute differences in mortality between these social groups decreased as a result of falling overall mortality rates. Greater effort is needed to reduce social inequalities in all-cause and CHD mortality in the new millennium. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | MEN | OLDER ADULTS | INEQUALITIES | TIME FACTORS | SOCIAL CLASS | MORTALITY DETERMINANTS | MORTALITY CHANGES | DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY | CAUSES OF DEATH | HEART DISEASES | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Socioeconomic Status | Mortality | Diseases Document Number: 323232 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: Health insurance and cervical cancer screening among older women in Latin American and Caribbean cities. Author: Reyes-Ortiz CA; Velez LF; Camacho ME; Ottenbacher KJ; Markides KS Source: International Journal of Epidemiology. 2008 Aug;37(4):870-878. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of Papanicolaou (Pap) smear use for cervical cancer screening and to estimate A cross-sectional study using data from the Health, Well-Being and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean Study (SABE). The sample includes 6357 women aged 60 and older from seven cities. The outcome was reporting a Pap smear for cervical cancer screening during the previous 2 years. Main independent variable was health care insurance. Covariates were demographic or socioeconomic variables, medical conditions and functional status. Prevalence of Pap smear use across the seven cities ranged from 21% in Bridgetown to 45% in Mexico City. In a multivariate analysis of the combined sample, without Havana that has universal health care insurance, women with public insurance (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.43-0.71) or with no insurance (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.15-0.34) were less likely to have a Pap smear compared with women with private insurance. Also, women with no insurance were less likely to have a Pap smear (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30-0.54) compared with women with any health insurance. In general, the prevalence of Pap smear use was lower than that reported for Hispanic populations in the United States. Overall, lack of health insurance or having public health insurance determined lower odds for having a Pap smear for cervical cancer screening. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CARIBBEAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CANCER | SCREENING | HEALTH INSURANCE | PAP SMEAR | WOMEN | MIDDLE AGED ADULTS | OLDER ADULTS | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Neoplasms | Diseases | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Demographic Factors | Population | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics Document Number: 327853 |
| 23. Peer Reviewed Title: Sex and the city: Differences in disease- and disability-free life years, and active community participation of elderly men and women in 7 cities in Latin America and the Caribbean. Author: Rose AM; Hennis AJ; Hambleton IR Source: BMC Public Health. 2008 Apr 21;8:127. Abstract: The world's population is ageing, and four of the top 10 most rapidly ageing developing nations are from the region of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Although an ageing population heralds likely increases in chronic disease, disability-related dependence, and economic burden, the societal contribution of the chronically ill or those with disability is not often measured. We calculated country-specific prevalences of 'disability' (difficulty with at least one activity of daily living), 'disease' and 'co-morbidity' (presence of at least one, and at least two, of seven chronic diseases/conditions, respectively), and 'active community engagement' (using five levels of community participation, from less than weekly community contact to voluntary or paid work) in seven LAC cities. We estimated remaining life expectancy (LE) with and without disability, disease and co-morbidity, and investigated age, sex, and regional variations in disability-free LE. Finally, we modeled the association of disease, co-morbidity and disability with active community participation using an ordinal regression model, adjusted for depression. Overall, 77% of the LAC elderly had at least one chronic disease/condition, 44% had comorbidity and 19% had a disability. The proportion of disability-free LE declined between the youngest (60-64 years) and the eldest (90 years and over) age-groups for both men (from 85% to 55%) and women (from 75% to 45%). Disease-free and co-morbidity-free LE, however, remained at approximately 30% and 62%, respectively, for men (20% and 48% for women), until 80-84 years of age, then increased. Only Bridgetown's participants had statistically significantly longer disability-free LE than the regional average (IRR=1.08; 95%CI 1.05-1.10; p less than 0.001). Only Santiago's participants had disability-free LE which was shorter than the regional average (IRR=0.94; 95%CI 0.92-0.97; p less than 0.001). There was 75% active community participation overall, with more women than men involved in active help (49% vs 32%, respectively) and more men involved in voluntary/paid work (46% vs 25%, respectively). There was either no, or borderline significance in the association between having one or more diseases/conditions and active community engagement for both sexes. These associations were limited by depression (odds ratio [OR] reduced by 15-17% for men, and by 8-11% for women), and only remained statistically significant in men. However, disability remained statistically significantly associated with less community engagement after adjusting for depression (OR=0.58, 95%CI 0.49-0.69, p less than 0.001 for women and OR=0.50, 95%CI 0.47-0.65, p less than 0.001 for men). There is an increasing burden of disease and disability with older age across the LAC region. As these nations cope with resulting social and economic demands, governments and civic societies must continue to develop and maintain opportunities for community participation by this increasingly frail, but actively engaged group. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CARIBBEAN | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | OLDER ADULTS | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | LIFE EXPECTANCY | DISEASES | MORBIDITY | DEPENDENCY BURDEN | Americas | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Organization and Administration | Length of Life | Mortality | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 326237 |
| 24. Peer Reviewed Title: Influence of socioeconomic status, wealth and financial empowerment on gender differences in health and healthcare utilization in later life: Evidence from India. Author: Roy K; Chaudhuri A Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2008 Mar;66(9):1951-1962. Abstract: Empirical studies from developed countries observe that women report worse health and higher healthcare utilization than men, but the health disadvantage diminishes with age; gender differences in self-rated health often vanish or are reversed in older ages. Comparable assessments of health during later life from developing countries are limited because of the lack of large-scale surveys that include older women. Our study attempts to address the shortage of developing country studies by examining gender differences in health and healthcare utilization among older adults in India. Both ordered and binary logit specifications were used to assess significant gender differences in subjective and objective health, and healthcare utilization after controlling for demographics, medical conditions, traditional indicators of socioeconomic status like education and income, and additional wealth indicators. The wealth indicators, measured by property ownership and economic independence, are regarded as financially empowering older adults to exercise greater control over their health and well-being. Data are drawn from a nationally representative decennial socioeconomic and health survey of 120,942 Indian households conducted during 1995-1996. The study sample comprises 34,086 older men and women aged greater than or equal to 60 years. Our results indicate that older women report worse self-rated health, higher prevalence of disabilities, marginally lower chronic conditions, and lower healthcare utilization than men. The health disadvantage and lower utilization among women cannot be explained by demographics and the differential distribution of medical conditions. While successive controls for education, income, and property ownership narrows the gender gap in both health and healthcare utilization, significant differentials still persist. Upon controlling for economic independence, gender differentials disappear or are reversed, with older women having equal or better health than otherwise similar men. Financial empowerment might confer older women the health advantage reflected in developed societies by enhancing a woman's ability to undertake primary and secondary prevention during the life course. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | OLDER ADULTS | HEALTH | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | SEX FACTORS | INEQUALITIES | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | WOMEN'S HEALTH | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Women's Status Document Number: 325430 |
| 25. Title: Biotypes, genotypes and ketoconazole susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates from a group of Thai AIDS patients. Author: Teanpaisan R; Niyombandith M; Pripatnanant P; Sattayasanskul W Source: New Microbiologica. 2008 Jul;31(3):409-16. Abstract: A total of eighty-seven Candida albicans isolates from a group of Thai AIDS patients were characterized for phenotypic and genotypic profiles and antifungal susceptibility to ketoconazole. Phenotyping of the isolates was carried out by a biotyping method based on the enzyme profiles, carbohydrate assimilation patterns and boric acid resistance of the yeasts. Genotyping was performed through randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Antifungal susceptibility of ketoconazole was performed using the NCCLS broth microdilution method. Combination of the biotypic tests revealed a total of 49 different biotypes. The most predominant was A1S (31%), the remaining biotypes represented only few isolates in each. RAPD profiles identified 14 clusters of genotype among the 87 isolates. Almost every individual harboured his/her own specific isolate and in 25 of 26 (96.2%) harboured more than one clonal type. The heterogeneity of both phenotypic and genotypic profiles of C. albicans isolates in this study was similar to previous reports from other oral sources in different geographic areas. All isolates were susceptible to ketoconazole. The findings may be useful as baseline information of oral C. albicans colonization in Thai population living in the south of Thailand. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | HEALTH PERSONNEL | OLDER ADULTS | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | KNOWLEDGE | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | TREATMENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Training Programs | Education | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Organization and Administration | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services Document Number: 329101 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Overlooked potential: older-age parents in the era of ART. Author: Williams N; Knodel J; Kiry Kim S; Puch S; Saengtienchai C Source: AIDS Care. 2008 Nov;20(10):1169-76. Abstract: The advent of widespread ART provision in low- and middle-income countries requires not just medical attention, but also social and psychological support to encourage and monitor strict adherence to drug regimens. Developing innovative approaches to providing this broad support is a major challenge, especially within the financial constraints of resource-limited countries hardest hit by the epidemic. In this study, we examine the role of older-age parents in monitoring ART treatment and caring for their HIV-infected children and grandchildren in Cambodia. Our results are based on 25 open-ended interviews with older-age parents of people with AIDS (PWHA). A high level of co-residence when PWHA become ill and a sense of parental responsibility and emotional attachment facilitate high parental involvement in their children's and grandchildren's illness, care and treatment. Our interviews indicate that parents play an important role in encouraging their children to get tested and to access treatment if they test positive. They consistently monitor antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and opportunistic infections and remind PWHA to attend medical appointments and support-group meetings. Parents also provide for the nutrition and hygiene of PWHA essential to the success of ART treatments. We find that despite low levels of education, older parents were able to express clear, correct and detailed knowledge of complicated ART treatment regimens, nutrition and hygiene. Overall, our findings show that older parents play a pivotal role in care and treatment if they are provided with proper resources and training and have the ability to understand the necessity and details of ensuring strict adherence to medications. Based on these results, we suggest that explicitly including older parents in policy and programs for care and treatment would allow Cambodia and other countries to take advantage of this unique and effective but overlooked asset in AIDS care and treatment. Language: English Keywords: CAMBODIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PARENTS | CHILDREN | OLDER ADULTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | TREATMENT | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | USER COMPLIANCE | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | HOME CARE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adults | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV | Behavior | Care and Support Document Number: 329736 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: Gender, social change, and living arrangements among older Egyptians during the 1990s. Author: Yount KM; Khadr Z Source: Population Research and Policy Review. 2008 Apr;27(2):201-225. Abstract: We compare older Egyptian women's and men's propensities to live with unmarried children only, any ever-married children, and alone, and we assess "kin-keeping" versus "modernization" hypotheses about the effects of social change on living arrangements during 1988-2000. Socioeconomic differences among women and men accounted for much of their crude differences in living arrangements during the period. Propensities to live with any ever-married children declined, and propensities to live alone or with unmarried children only rose. Compared to men, women continued to live more often with any ever-married children and less often with unmarried children only, and the 1988 gender gap in solitary residence disappeared by 2000. Increasing coresidential demands from unmarried dependent children, less frequent coresidential support from ever-married children, and rapidly increasing rates of solitary living especially among older men suggest emerging needs for non-coresidential instrumental support, especially among older Egyptians who are economically disadvantaged. (author's) Language: English Keywords: EGYPT | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | OLDER ADULTS | CHILDREN | UNMARRIED | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | FAMILY LIFE | KINSHIP NETWORKS | SOCIAL CHANGE | MODERNIZATION | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Youth | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 325413 |
| 28. Title: Stronger together: Supporting the vital role played by older people in the fight against the HIV and AIDS pandemic. Author: HelpAge International Source: London, United Kingdom, HelpAge International, 2007 Nov. [8] p. Abstract: More than 40 million people worldwide are living with HIV and AIDS. The number of children orphaned stands at more than 15 million and is forecast to rise to 24 million by 2010. It is older people, particularly grandmothers, who are shouldering most of the huge emotional and financial burden as carers. Yet their vital role is going unrecognised. Older carers' strength and resilience are being put to the test and they are not getting the support they need, either in social protection, healthcare or information. This must change urgently if the exacerbating relationship between HIV, AIDS and poverty is to be broken. HelpAge International is calling for a major shift in the response to HIV and AIDS, one that includes older people and addresses their needs and caring responsibilities directly, through social protection and through HIV prevention, care and treatment services. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | SUMMARY REPORT | OLDER ADULTS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | AGE FACTORS | TRANSMISSION | RISK FACTORS | SOCIAL PROTECTION | OLD AGE SECURITY | Developing Countries | Africa | Adults | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Infections | Biology | Political Factors | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 324694 |
| 29. Title: How does HIV / AIDS affect the elderly in developing countries? Author: Population Reference Bureau [PRB] Source: Today's Research on Aging. Program and Policy Implications. 2007 Aug;(6):1-4. Abstract: Of the estimated 40 million people living with HIV, the vast majority are adults in their prime working years, but as this middle generation dies of AIDS, a generation of young children and a generation of elderly ages 50 and older are left behind. The elderly not only lose the support of their adult children, but they must increasingly take on additional familial responsibilities - with potentially adverse effects for their own well-being. Despite extensive amounts of research on the AIDS epidemic, relatively few studies have focused on the elderly. This newsletter highlights National Institute on Aging-funded research and other recent research that explores the impact of HIV/AIDS on the elderly in developing countries. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | OLDER ADULTS | EXTENDED FAMILY | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | ATTITUDES | AIDS | STRESS | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 320377 |
| 30. Title: Women, ageing and health: a framework for action. Focus on gender. Author: World Health Organization [WHO]. Department of Gender, Women and Health Source: Geneva, Switzerland, WHO, 2007. 55 p. Abstract: The concepts and principles in this document build on the World Health Organization's active ageing policy framework, which calls on policy-makers, practitioners, nongovernmental organizations and civil society to optimize opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life for people as they age. This requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account the gendered nature of the life course. This report endeavors to provide information on ageing women in both developing and developed countries; however, data is often scant in many areas of the developing world. Some implications and directions for policy and practice based on the evidence and known best practices are included in this report. These are intended to stimulate discussion and lead to specific recommendations and action plans. The report provides an overall framework for taking action that is useful in all settings. Specific responses in policy, practice and research is undoubtedly best left to policy-makers, experts and older people in individual countries and regions, since they best understand the political, economic and social context within which decisions must be made. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | POLICYMAKERS | WOMEN | ADULTS | OLDER ADULTS | WOMEN'S HEALTH | AGE FACTORS | GENDER ISSUES | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | UNFPA | WHO | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors Document Number: 318273 |
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