Inmagic CS/WebPublisher PRO found 113 records

Your search found 113 record(s).
New Basic Search | New Advanced Search | POPLINE Document Delivery Policy

Subscription may be needed for full text

Title: Promoting environmental justice through community-based participatory research: The role of community and partnership capacity.
Author: Minkler M; Vasquez VB; Tajik M; Petersen D
Source: Health Education and Behavior. 2008 Feb;35(1):119-137.
Abstract: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) increasingly is being used to study and address environmental justice. This article presents the results of a cross-site case study of four CBPR partnerships in the United States that researched environmental health problems and worked to educate legislators and promote relevant public policy. The authors focus on community and partnership capacity within and across sites, using as a theoretical framework Goodman and his colleagues' dimensions of community capacity, as these were tailored to environmental health by Freudenberg, and as further modified to include partnership capacity within a systems perspective. The four CBPR partnerships examined were situated in NewYork, California, Oklahoma, and North Carolina and were part of a larger national study. Case study contexts and characteristics, policy-related outcomes, and findings related to community and partnership capacity are presented, with implications drawn for other CBPR partnerships with a policy focus. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW YORK | CALIFORNIA | OKLAHOMA | NORTH CAROLINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION | INEQUALITIES | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | PROGRAM EVALUATION | PUBLIC HEALTH | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Environmental Degradation | Environment | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Organization and Administration | Programs | Health
Document Number: 324662

Title: What if: How declines in teen births have improved poverty and child well-being in Oklahoma.
Author: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Source: Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2005 Apr. 3 p.
Abstract: Years of research have closely linked teen pregnancy and early childbearing to a host of other critical social issues, including overall child health and well-being, out-of-wedlock births, educational attainment and workforce readiness, responsible fatherhood, and poverty in particular -- especially child poverty. For example, young children born to a mother who is a teenager, is not married, and did not finish high school are nine times more likely to be poor than children born to mothers without these three risk factors. Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing cost taxpayers at least $7 billion annually and place a serious economic burden on schools and on health, welfare and social service systems. The U.S. teen birth rate declined by 30 percent between 1991 and 2002--a significant decrease that has made major contributions to American communities. Illustrating this very point, the U.S. Congress' Joint Economic Committee completed an analysis in April 2004 that the National Campaign in turn summarized. The congressional study posed an intriguing question: if the nation's teen birth rate had remained at its 1991 level through 2002 (rather than decreasing as it did), how many more children would have been born to teen mothers and to single mothers, and what would have been the effect on poverty and on the living arrangements of children? Findings included the following: if teen birth rates had not declined nationally by 30 percent during that time, there would have been an additional 1.2 million more children born to teen mothers, approximately 460,000 additional children in poverty and almost 700,000 more children living with a single mother. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OKLAHOMA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ONE PARENT FAMILY | BIRTH RATE | POVERTY | CHILD HEALTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | CAMPAIGNS | FERTILITY DECLINE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Measurements | Economic Factors | Health | Communication Programs | Communication | Fertility Changes
Document Number: 307019

3.
Title: Reducing infant mortality rates using the perinatal periods of risk model.
Author: Burns PG
Source: Public Health Nursing. 2005 Jan-Feb;22(1):2-7.
Abstract: Despite decreases in the last 50 years, infant mortality rates in the United States remain higher than in other industrialized countries. Using overall infant mortality rates to determine the effectiveness of interventions does not help communities focus on particular underlying factors contributing to static, and sometimes increasing, community rates. This study was designed to determine and rank contributing factors to fetal-infant mortality in a specific community using the Perinatal Periods of Risk (PPOR) model. The PPOR model was used to map fetal-infant mortality for 1995 to 1998 in the Tulsa, Oklahoma, Healthy Start Program as compared to traditional calculation methods. The overall fetal-infant mortality rate using the PPOR model was 12.7 compared to 7.11 calculated using the traditional method. The maternal health cell rate was 5.4, maternal care cell rate was 2.9, newborn care cell was 1.9 compared to a 4.1 neonatal death rate calculated using the traditional method, and the infant health cell was 2.4 compared to a 2.9 postneonatal rate calculated using the traditional method. Because the highest infant mortality was in the maternal health cell, intervention strategies were designed to promote the health of women prior to and between pregnancies. The PPOR model was helpful in targeting interventions to reduce fetal-infant mortality based on the prioritization of contributing factors. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OKLAHOMA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | INFANT | INFANT MORTALITY | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | FETAL DEATH | RISK FACTORS | MATERNAL HEALTH | ANTENATAL CARE | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Biology | Health | Maternal Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care
Document Number: 281001

4.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Did fertility go up after the Oklahoma City bombing? An analysis of births in metropolitan counties in Oklahoma, 1990-1999.
Author: Rodgers JL; St. John CA; Coleman R
Source: Demography. 2005 Nov;42(4):675-692.
Abstract: Political and sociocultural events (e.g., Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 and the German reunification in 1989) and natural disasters (e.g., Hurricane Hugo in 1989) can affect fertility. In our research, we addressed the question of whether the Oklahoma City bombing in April 1995, a man-made disaster, influenced fertility patterns in Oklahoma. We defined three theoretical orientations�replacement theory, community influence theory, and terror management theory�that motivate a general expectation of birth increases, with different predictions emerging from time and geographic considerations. We used two different empirical methodologies. First, we fitted dummy-variable regression models to monthly birth data from 1990 to 1999 in metropolitan counties. We used birth counts to frame the problem and general fertility rates to address the problem formally. These analyses were organized within two design structures: a control-group interrupted time-series design and a difference-in-differences design. In these analyses, Oklahoma County showed an interpretable, consistent, and significant increase in births. Second, we used graphical smoothing models to display these effects visually. In combination, these methods provide compelling support for a fertility response to the Oklahoma City bombing. Certain parts of each theory helped us organize and understand the pattern of results. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OKLAHOMA | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL STUDIES | VIOLENCE | BIRTH RATE | NATURAL DISASTERS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Behavior | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Environment
Document Number: 292512

5.
Title: Plasma sterilization.
Source: Futurist. 2003 Sep-Oct;:16-17.
Abstract: Move over, autoclave. Step aside, toxic chemicals. There's a new type of sterilization so effective and versatile that it can kill bacteria on everything from food packaging to spacecraft. Plasma sterilization, developed by researchers at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, an the University of California in San Diego, may even have applications in decontaminating biological warfare agents. Plasma, a collection of electrically charged particles and non-charged particles, is sometimes called the fourth state of matter. Just as heat turns water (a liquid) into steam (a gas), heat can turn steam into plasma. Thus, most plasma is thousands of degrees centigrade and impractical for daily use. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | VIRGINIA | OKLAHOMA | FEMALE STERILIZATION | BLOOD PROTEINS | CONTRACEPTION RESEARCH | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Hemic System | Physiology | Biology | Contraception
Document Number: 284414

7.
Title: An asset-based youth development model for preventing teen pregnancy: illustrations from the HEART of OKC project.
Author: Kegler M; Rodine S; Marshall L; Oman R; McLeroy K
Source: Health Education. 2003;103(3):131-144.
Abstract: Evidence is accumulating to suggest that positive youth development may be an effective approach to preventing teen pregnancy. Studies show that selected protective factors or ``youth assets�� are associated with lower levels of adolescent sexual risk behavior. This paper describes the development of ``Healthy, empowered and responsible teens of Oklahoma City�� (HEART of OKC), one of 13 CDC funded demonstration projects designed to mobilize community resources to prevent teen pregnancy. During a two-year planning phase, HEART of OKC conducted needs and assets assessments in five, very diverse, inner-city neighborhoods. Data collection methods included geocoding and mapping of teen birth rates and census data, over 100 key informant interviews, and 23 focus groups with 168 teens from the priority neighborhoods. Focus group findings suggested numerous opportunities for asset-based interventions. Assessment findings were used to develop a conceptual model that served as the foundation of the project. Assessment findings were also helpful in the development of a survey instrument used in a major research project to provide baseline data for HEART of OKC and to examine the relationship between specific ``youth assets�� and several adolescent risk behaviors, including sexual activity. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OKLAHOMA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | ADOLESCENTS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | PEER GROUPS | ROLE MODELS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Communication | Knowledge Sources | Interpersonal Relations
Document Number: 193904

10.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Pregnancy intention: how PRAMS data can inform programs and policy.
Author: Melvin CL; Rogers M; Gilbert BC; Lipscomb L; Lorenz R; Ronck S; Casey S
Source: MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL. 2000 Sep;4(3):197-201.
Abstract: In most states, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) is the only source for state-specific, population-based data on the prevalence of unintended pregnancy among women having a live birth. These data can be used in a variety of ways to inform state policies and programs aimed at the prevention of unintended pregnancy. This paper highlights the programmatic and policy development activities undertaken by three states in relation to unintended pregnancy as well as the role that PRAMS data played in those efforts. Georgia, Oklahoma, and Washington have used PRAMS data to gain support for program initiatives directed at unintended pregnancy, to promote policies aimed at either monitoring or reducing unintended pregnancy, and to acquire additional funds for related programs, such as family planning. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GEORGIA (UNITED STATES) | OKLAHOMA | WASHINGTON | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Planning
Document Number: 153060

11.
Title: Consequences of population change for retail/wholesale sector employment in the nonmetropolitan Great Plains: 1950-1996.
Author: Adamchak DJ; Bloomquist LE; Bausman K; Qureshi R
Source: RURAL SOCIOLOGY. 1999 Mar;64(1):92-112.
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between population decline in 438 counties and local retail and wholesale (R/W) sectors during 1950-90 in the nonmetropolitan Great Plains states of North and South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Colorado. The focus was on the impact of population change in a region where the R/W trade sector has been a major source of employment for nonmetropolitan residents post-1945. Population declined over the long term. Analysis was based on economic restructuring views and central place theory. Data were obtained from the Censuses of Population (1950-90) and from the County and City Data Books (1947-94). The choice of few control variables was based on Lieberson's (1985) methods. Analysis included tests for multicollinearity. Findings are reported for counties adjacent to a metro area (AM), urban nonadjacent (UN) counties, and rural nonadjacent (RN) counties. Findings indicate that the 1980s had the greatest population loss (84% of counties), despite the population increases of the 1970s. AM counties followed the regional pattern. UN counties followed the regional pattern only in recent decades. RN counties lost population throughout the period and had the greatest percentage of counties losing population. Population change had a positive significant effect on R/W employment throughout the period and in all types of counties. Trade became more concentrated in larger, more diverse, and fewer trade centers, especially in UN counties. Gains occurred in the 1990s. Four anomalies were identified. Findings support the work of Drabenstott and Smith (1996).
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH DAKOTA | SOUTH DAKOTA | MONTANA | WYOMING | NEBRASKA | OKLAHOMA | NEW MEXICO | COLORADO | RESEARCH REPORT | NONMETROPOLITAN POPULATION | POPULATION DECREASE | COMMERCIAL SECTOR | URBANIZATION | LABOR FORCE | EMPLOYMENT | DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Commerce | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Human Resources
Document Number: 142219

12.
Title: Live births resulting from unintended pregnancies: is there variation among states?
Author: Dietz PM; Adams MM; Spitz AM; Morris L; Johnson CH
Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 1999 May-Jun;31(3):132-6.
Abstract: Assessment of the unmet need for family planning services requires data on live births resulting from unintended pregnancies; however, many states do not collect this information. Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data for 1993-95 were used to explore the feasibility of extrapolating data on the percentage of live births resulting from unintended pregnancies from eight states that collect such data (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Michigan, New York, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and West Virginia) to those that do not. The percentage of live births resulting from unintended pregnancy ranged from 33% in New York (excluding New York City) to 49% in Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina. Compared with women in Alabama, women in Oklahoma were more likely to deliver a live birth resulting from an unintended pregnancy (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.3) and women in New York State were less likely (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.8) to do so. After adjustment for the effects of maternal race, marital status, age, education, previous live births, and receipt of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children services, state of birth was significantly associated with unintended pregnancy. Unmarried White women in New York State had a lower likelihood and Black women in Michigan had a higher likelihood of having a live birth resulting from unintended pregnancy than their counterparts in Alabama. In all eight states, women who were Black, were unmarried, were younger than 20 years of age, had less than 12 years of education, and had more than one child had higher rates of live births resulting from unintended pregnancy than women with other demographic attributes. These findings indicate that, while data on which women have the greatest risk of delivering a live birth resulting from unintended pregnancy may be extrapolated from one state to another, the problem may be overestimated or underestimated from one state to the other.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ALABAMA | FLORIDA | GEORGIA (UNITED STATES) | MICHIGAN | NEW YORK | OKLAHOMA | SOUTH CAROLINA | WEST VIRGINIA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | LIVE-BIRTH PREGNANCY RATE | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Pregnancy Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Measurement | Biology | Economic Factors
Document Number: 143060

13.
Title: Nonmarital births in Oklahoma 1975-1995.
Author: Campbell JE; DePersio SR; Lorenz R
Source: JOURNAL - OKLAHOMA STATE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 1998 Mar-Apr;91(2):68-73.
Abstract: This study examined trends in nonmarital births during 1975-95 in Oklahoma. Data were obtained from the Oklahoma State Department of Health vital records and the Oklahoma Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System's annual surveys during 1988-95. Findings indicate that the percentage of unmarried women delivering a live birth in Oklahoma increased from 12% to 31% during 1975-99, a 158% increase. Nonmarital births rose from 5075 to 13,856. By 1995, almost one-third of births in Oklahoma were to unmarried women. Adult nonmarital births increased more rapidly than adolescent nonmarital births, especially among unmarried women aged 30-34 years. Most of the increase in older women with nonmarital births was from women who had nonmarital births as teens. Adolescents had a higher percentage of nonmarital births: 76% for women aged 15-17 years compared to 14.1% for women aged 30-34 years. White rates increased faster than African-American and Native-American rates (a 2.7-fold increase compared to 1.6- and 2.8-fold increases, respectively). African-Americans had a higher percentage of nonmarital births (69.2%) compared to White women (24.5%). Unmarried women were more likely to be poor and lack education and less likely to receive early prenatal care. 53.1% lived below the Federal Poverty Level. Unmarried mothers were more likely to have had a low-birth-weight baby and an unintended pregnancy. The percentage of nonmarital births in 1945 was only 3.4%, which means an 800% increase during 1945-95, a 50-year period of time. The state pattern followed a national pattern of increase.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OKLAHOMA | RESEARCH REPORT | VITAL STATISTICS | BIRTH RATE | FERTILITY CHANGES | UNMARRIED | CHANGES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Social Change
Document Number: 138680

14.
Title: A needed voice. The kids reported that they learned a lot about different topics and they could talk about these topics to their parents.
Author: Becker A
Source: Integration. 1997 Fall;(53):20-1.
Abstract: This article presents a speech given by Antje Becker, of the John Hopkins Center for American Indian and Alaskan Native Health, at the Second Enter-Educate Conference in Ohio in 1997. Becker spoke about an innovative project to reach Native American youth. The project, called "Speak Up," was originally formed as a call-in show for teenagers on Arizona�s White Mountain Apache Reservation. The youth were involved in planning, production, and broadcasting the programs, which compelled kids and their parents to begin communicating on variety of subjects such as friends, casinos, drug abuse and pregnancy. To survey the changes in the attitudes and communication between parents and their kids, a party was organized. The parents revealed that their kids were more assertive, responsive, and more certain of their own opinions. Furthermore, the involved kids reported that they had learned technical skills in radio, gained self- esteem and started talking more with their parents. In conclusion, community radio is something that is useful for health communication campaigns because it is interactive and accessible.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARIZONA | NEW MEXICO | OKLAHOMA | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | YOUTH | PARENTS | RADIO | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | HEALTH EDUCATION | ENTER-EDUCATE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication | Education
Document Number: 165245

15.
Title: Midtrimester pregnancy termination for fetal malformations. Use of intravaginal prostaglandin E2.
Author: Hagar DL; Valley MT; Rayburn WF; Carey JC
Source: JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE. 1997 Aug;42(8):497-500.
Abstract: The capability to identify major fetal malformations in the middle trimester of pregnancy has increased the number of requests for late pregnancy termination. This retrospective study compared the use of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) suppositories in 38 pregnancies undergoing induction of labor before 23 weeks of gestation after confirmation of 1 or more major fetal malformations and a control group of 27 pregnancies undergoing induction because of fetal death. Both groups were identified through a perinatal database of all pregnancies delivered at an Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, hospital in a 30-month period during 1992-94. The most frequent fetal malformations were cystic hygroma, spina bifida, hydrocephalus, and anencephaly. The median number of 20 mg PGE2 doses required was greater in the fetal malformation group (4, range 1-10) than the fetal death group (3, range 1-6). The total dosage was also greater for the malformation group (77.5 +or- 38.5 mg) than for the fetal death group (61.8 +or- 37.8 mg). Mean time until delivery was 2 hours less in the fetal death group, but the percentage of women delivering within 24 hours was similar in both groups (81.6% in the fetal malformation group and 85.2% in the fetal death group). All malformed fetuses were delivered stillborn. The frequencies of maternal side effects such as fever, vomiting, and diarrhea were somewhat greater in the fetal malformation group, presumably because of the higher dosage of PGE2. Although women undergoing second-trimester PGE2-induced labor for fetal malformations should be counseled that labor may last longer and a higher drug dosage may be required than in pregnancies complicated by fetal death, the method seems to be highly effective in both situations.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OKLAHOMA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ABORTION | PROSTAGLANDINS | CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Diseases
Document Number: 128174 Notification

16.
Title: An exploration of gender and ethnic differences in norms and attitudes about teen pregnancy.
Author: Kegler M; Collings J; Cosgrove C; Rodine S
Source: [Unpublished] 1997. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association [APHA], Indianapolis, Indiana, November 9-13, 1997. [15] p.
Abstract: This paper explores gender and ethnic differences in norms and attitudes regarding teen pregnancy in Oklahoma City. OKC, a CDC-funded demonstration project, aims to decrease teen birth rate and related risk factors by creating and sustaining social and physical environments that will increase the asset base for the youth. Identification and assessment of priority communities were made at the start of the program. Respondents of the focus group consisted of 159 youths from different race. Views on different topics and their communities were asked. Suggestions were asked on the physical and social changes within the neighborhood. Similar experiences among the respondents were noted when inquired about their view on teenage pregnancy. Most female respondents states that girls wanting to have a baby wished to be loved, while male respondents think that having a baby means that the girl wants to trap or keep the guy. These youths stated that family problems, loss of self-respect, and social changes arise at the time they have a baby. Further study was recommended focusing on identification of youth and neighborhood assets and needs with development of intervention strategies.
Language: English
Keywords:
OKLAHOMA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TEACHING MATERIALS | ADOLESCENTS | SEX FACTORS | ATTITUDES | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | NEIGHBORHOOD | ASIANS | WHITES | BLACKS | HISPANICS | NATIVE AMERICANS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background
Document Number: 134956

17.
Title: Health care utilization and history of trauma among women in a primary care setting.
Author: Sansone RA; Wiederman MW; Sansone LA
Source: Violence and Victims. 1997;12(2):165-72.
Abstract: Participants in this study were 150 women seen consecutively by a female family physician in a health maintenance organization setting for nonemergent medical care. Each participant completed a questionnaire that explored three areas of trauma. 12 months after the administration of the questionnaire, medical records of each participant were reviewed for several measures of health care utilization (i.e., number of telephone contacts, physician visits, ongoing prescriptions, acute prescriptions, and specialist referrals). Age, education, and current marital status were unrelated to medical utilization. Participants' acknowledged history of physical and emotional abuse significantly correlated with most measures of health care utilization, whereas sexual abuse generally did not. The implications of these findings are discussed. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
OKLAHOMA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | WOMEN | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | SEXUAL ABUSE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Crime | Social Problems
Document Number: 149123

18.
Title: The relationship between pregnancy intendedness and physical violence in mothers of newborns.
Author: Gazmararian JA; Adams MM; Saltzman LE; Johnson CH; Bruce FC; Marks JS; Zahniser SC
Source: OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY.. 1995 Jun;85(6):1031-8.
Abstract: The association between physical violence and unintended pregnancy was assessed in a questionnaire completed by 12,612 mothers of infants born during 1990-91 in Alaska, Maine, Oklahoma, and West Virginia (US). Respondents were asked if their husbands or partners hurt them during the 12 months preceding delivery. State-specific prevalence of physical violence ranged from 3.8 to 6.9%. In each state, higher rates of physical violence were reported by women who had less than 12 years of education, lived in crowded conditions, participated in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children, received no or delayed prenatal care, were non-White, were under 20 years of age, and were unmarried. The prevalence of unwanted or mistimed pregnancies ranged from 36.9 to 46.3%. Regardless of these attributes, women with mistimed or unwanted pregnancies reported higher rates of physical violence than their counterparts with intended pregnancies and accounted for 70% of physical abuse cases. Overall, women with unwanted pregnancies had 4.1 times the risk (95% confidence interval, 2.7-6.2) of experiencing physical violence than women with intended pregnancies. The odds for violence were greater among women with unwanted pregnancies who had greater social advantages (e.g., more education). Unintended pregnancies and domestic violence may be parts of the same problem of social disruption.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | ALASKA | OKLAHOMA | WEST VIRGINIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CORRELATION STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | WOMEN | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Statistical Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Crime | Social Problems | Measurement | Biology | Economic Factors
Document Number: 142321

19.
Title: Physical violence during the 12 months preceding childbirth --Alaska, Maine, Oklahoma, and West Virginia, 1990-1991.
Author: VandeCastle M; Danna J; DeCoster E; Thomas T
Source: MMWR. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT.. 1994 Mar 4;43(8):132-7.
Abstract: This study examined the prevalence of physical violence against women during the 12 months preceding childbirth and its relation to maternal characteristics in Alaska, Maine, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. Using the 1990 and the 1991 data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, varied percentages of women reporting physical abuse among the four states were noted: from 3.8% in Maine to 6.9% in Oklahoma. Overall, the report indicated that in each state, higher rates of physical violence were associated with low educational attainment, race, marital status, age, living conditions, participation in prenatal care, and unintended pregnancy. In addition, this article cites recommendations for health care providers to be aware of the risk among all pregnant women; for efforts to effectively identify victims; for evaluations of intervention programs; and for further examinations of the patterns of violence during pregnancy.
Language: English
Keywords:
ALASKA | MAINE | OKLAHOMA | WEST VIRGINIA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | VIOLENCE | WOMEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREGNANCY | PREVALENCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Behavior | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Population Characteristics | Reproduction | Measurement | Research Methodology
Document Number: 142790

20.
Title: 1992 annual report.
Author: Jessie Smith Noyes Foundation
Source: New York, New York, Jessie Smith Noyes Foundation, [1993]. 94 p.
Abstract: The Jessie Smith Noyes Foundation, established in 1947, awards grants to US and Latin America based nonprofit organizations which aim to protect natural systems and to ensure a sustainable society. Its program areas include tropical ecology, water and toxics, sustainable agriculture, and population and reproductive rights. The Foundation favors activities which may have potential widespread impact or applicability and that deal with links between environmental issues and social justice issues. In 1992, it granted the Native Americans for a Clean Environment in Oklahoma $20,000 to support the group's technical assistance and advocacy work with other Native American organizations. The Foundation distributed thousands of dollars to various organizations in Latin America to defend the rights of the indigenous populations, especially as they concern preservation of tropical ecology (e.g., $25,000 to Comisao Pro-Indio de Sao Paulo in Brazil and $35,000 to Fundacion para las Comunidades Colombianas in Colombia). A $25,000 grant to The Land Institute in Salina, Kansas, which advocates sustainable agriculture and ecological sustainability of perennial prairies, supported its graduate level internship program. The Foundation granted $24,565, dedicated to population and reproductive rights, to the Center for Reproductive Law and Policy to support litigation, public education, and technical assistance to local pro-choice groups fighting new abortion restrictions and the defense of reproductive rights in the US of women of color. It also provided a sizable grant ($25,000) to MADRE as seed money to initiate its women's campaign for universal health care, including family planning and reproductive rights. The Foundation contributed $30,000 to the Religious Coalition for Abortion Rights to support its Women of Color Partnership Project. Population and reproductive rights comprised 27% of the total program grants in 1992.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LATIN AMERICA | COLOMBIA | BRAZIL | KANSAS | OKLAHOMA | ANNUAL REPORT | ENVIRONMENT | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | ECOLOGY | AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HUMAN RIGHTS | WATER SUPPLY | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | GRANTS | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | NATIVE AMERICANS | WOMEN | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | South America, Eastern | Natural Resources | Rural Development | Economic Factors | Health | Planning | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Programs | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 082754

21.
Title: Pregnancy planning and pre-conception counseling.
Author: Adams MM; Bruce FC; Shulman HB; Kendrick JS; Brogan DJ
Source: OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY. 1993 Dec;82(6):955-9.
Abstract: The use of data collected by the US Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) on 12,452 new mothers from Maine, Michigan, Oklahoma, and West Virginia who gave birth in 1988-90 enabled estimations of the need for preconception counseling. 60% of the study subjects indicated their pregnancy was planned, 30% had mistimed pregnancies, and 10% had unwanted pregnancies. A planned pregnancy was positively associated with more than 12 years of education and maternal age over 29 years. Also revealed was a significant association between unwanted pregnancy and each of the major prenatal risk factors--maternal smoking in the 3-month period preceding conception, consumption of 3 or more alcoholic drinks/week in the 3 months before conception, maternal body mass index under 20 kg/sq.m, and delayed initiation of prenatal care beyond the 1st trimester. Overall, 32% of mothers had none of these risk factors; another 30% had 1 or more of these behaviors but did not plan their pregnancies. Thus, 62% of study subjects either had no indicator necessitating preconception counseling or could not use this service due to the unplanned nature of the pregnancy. This results in a figure of 38% of women who could have benefitted from such a service. Needed are studies that investigate the association between preconception counseling and pregnancy outcome.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | MICHIGAN | OKLAHOMA | WEST VIRGINIA | SURVEYS | CORRELATION STUDIES | PREGNANCY, PLANNED | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | RISK FACTORS | TOBACCO USE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | BODY WEIGHT | ANTENATAL CARE | NEEDS | COUNSELING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Statistical Studies | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Behavior | Physiology | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Factors | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 091777

22.
Title: An economic analysis of teenage fertility: some evidence from Oklahoma.
Author: Davis WL; Olson KW; Warner L
Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY. 1993 Jan;52(1):85-99.
Abstract: Mortality rates for teenage mothers and their children are nearly double that for their older counterparts. This study explores the relationship between the probability of a teenage birth and various independent variables representing fecundity, attitudes, resources, and economic opportunities in a sample of 1262 Oklahoma households containing teenage females drawn from the 1980 census. Demographic characteristics of those sampled were very similar to those found for the US as a whole. Previous studies similar in nature are first reviewed. This study then employs a theoretical framework based upon Becker's model to describe the birth-decision process, then tests it using a logit technique. Findings suggest that receipt of public assistance income and perceived economic opportunities are important in explaining fertility probabilities among teenagers aged 18-19 years. For teens aged 15-17 years, however, accessibility to family planning and abortion services, and religious attitudes toward family planning are more important predictors of fertility.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OKLAHOMA | RESEARCH REPORT | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | ADOLESCENTS | ATTITUDES | RESOURCES | INCOME | PUBLIC ASSISTANCE | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | RELIGION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Economic Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Organization and Administration | Socioeconomic Factors | Government Financing | Financial Activities | Family Planning | Programs
Document Number: 081977

23.
Title: Unintended childbearing: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System -- Oklahoma.
Author: DePersio SR; Chen W; Blose D; Lorenz R; Thomas W; Zenker PN
Source: JAMA. 1993 Jan 20;269(3):333, 337.
Abstract: Analysis of the Oklahoma Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data from 4837 women who delivered between April 1988 and March 1991 reveals an unintended pregnancy rate of 44.1% (30.8% are mistimed pregnancies and 13.3% are unwanted pregnancies). This was close to the national rate (40%). The Oklahoma Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, developed by the US Centers for Disease Control, does not include women who had an abortion or birth mothers of adopted infants. Besides, the period between conception and completing the questionnaire is long enough for mothers to not remember pregnancy intention, or they do not now want to report it as unintended. 69.4% of adolescent pregnancies, which comprise just 22% of all unintended pregnancies, are unintended, while 49.2% of 20-24 year old women and 35.5% of at least 25 year old women have unintended pregnancies (p < .05). Maternal education, method of payment for childbirth services, smoking, and length of gestation when prenatal care began all influence pregnancy intention among at least 25 year old women. As for adolescent mothers, the unintended pregnancy rate is consistently high with all the aforementioned risk factors. Black women experience more unintended pregnancies than other groups. In addition, single women tend to have more unintended pregnancies than married women. These results demonstrate a high proportion of unintended pregnancies among adolescents. Thus Oklahoma should provide family planning services that do not restrict services based on income.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OKLAHOMA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | RISK FACTORS | BEHAVIOR | ANTENATAL CARE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | CDC | MARITAL STATUS | WOMEN | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | USPHS | Government Agencies | Organizations | Nuptiality
Document Number: 079909

24.
Title: "Teens and toddlers" aims to reduce child abuse among adolescent parents.
Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 1992 Jan-Feb;24(1):37, 40.
Abstract: The Teens and Toddlers Programs in Payne County, Oklahoma is described as a 2-year effort to reduce child abuse by preparing pregnant teenagers for childbirth and child rearing. Initiation into the program begins with a home visit by a parenting specialist. Thereafter a social service or parenting specialist is assigned to each adolescent and visits twice a month. Visits to the health department between home visits are encouraged. Participation requirements were the completion of demographic forms and the questionnaires: the Knowledge Inventory of Child Development an Behavior: Infancy to School Age and the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. There was self-selection of study topics. The most popular prenatal topics were mother/baby nutrition, self-care during pregnancy, setting goals and decision making, 2nd trimester fetal development, an stress and parenting. The postnatal program followed child development, i.e., car seats and bathing, immunizations and family planning, mother and infant exercises, childproofing the home, encouragement of motor skills, infant nutrition, and toddler behavior. In a 2-year evaluation, participants' knowledge about infant and toddler behavior increased 8% from the baseline (76 full participants out of 126). Most topics centered around the very young child, so that it was not surprising that knowledge did not increase for school-age children. On the Child Abuse Potential Inventory, the average score dropped 17% on beliefs about behaviors that could be considered abusive. Resources limited the ability to carefully follow up. Since the program relied on interagency referrals, the differences in agency rules and regulations hampered some types of follow up. Although there is an advantage in locating the program in the health department because of the access to resources, there was evidence of hesitation in physically using the health facility. A location near a high school campus was recommended. Another suggestion was providing day care for infants so that teenagers may complete their schooling instead of being limited by the poverty that frequently is a companion to teen pregnancy. An important part of the program is developing trust and learning about available services.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OKLAHOMA | PROGRAM EVALUATION | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | CHILD ABUSE | TRAINING PROGRAMS | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | ADOLESCENTS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Programs | Organization and Administration | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Education | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Diseases
Document Number: 070632

25.
Title: Sojourner v. Edwards [22 September 1992].
Author: United States. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit
Source: FEDERAL REPORTER. 2D SERIES. 1992;974:27-32.
Abstract: The plaintiffs challenged the constitutionality of Louisiana's new abortion law, which prohibits all abortions except those performed a) to preserve the life or health of the "unborn baby" or to remove an unborn child; b) to save the life of the mother; c) in cases of rape; and d) in cases of incest. The US Court of Appeals ruled that the law placed an "undue burden" on the right of women to obtain abortions, as defined by Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the Supreme Court's June 1992 decision on the constitutionality of Pennsylvania's new abortion statute. In 1992, the US Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, and the US District Court, Utah, ruled that similar laws in Guam and Utah were unconstitutional. See Guam Soc. of Obstetricians & Gynecologists v. Ada, Federal Reporter, Series 2, Vol. 962, 1992, p. 1366 (abortions legal in Guam only in cases of ectopic pregnancy or when two physicians certify that the abortion would endanger the life of the mother or gravely impair her health); Jane L. v. Bangerter, Federal Supplement, Vol. 809, 1992, p. 865 (abortions legal in Utah only to save the life of the pregnant woman or prevent grave injury to her physical health, to prevent the birth of a child suffering from grave defects, and in cases rape or incest). In addition, on 4 August 1992, as corrected on 5 and 18 August, the Supreme Court of Oklahoma ruled that an initiative petition prohibiting abortion except when the pregnancy threatens the mother's physical or mental health, the pregnancy is the result of rape or incest, or a resulting child would be born with a grave physical or mental defect could not be placed on the state ballot because it violated a woman's right to have an abortion. See In re Initiative Petition No. 349, Pacific Reporter, Vol. 838, 1992, p. 1.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OKLAHOMA | LOUISIANA | GUAM | COURT DECISION | ABORTION | FETUS | SOCIAL PROTECTION | RAPE | INCEST | CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Oceania | Litigation | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Crime | Social Problems | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Diseases
Document Number: 087293 Notification

26.
Title: An Act to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 39, Chapter 13, Part 5, to require that certain tests be performed on persons arrested for committing certain criminal offenses [30 April 1992].
Author: United States. Tennessee
Source: PUBLIC ACTS. 1992;:944-5. Chapter 948.
Abstract: This Act requires a court to order any defendant convicted of the crime of prostitution to submit to a test for HIV. Such a defendant shall pay for the test and shall receive counseling if the test results are positive. On 10 April 1992, the state of Kentucky enacted legislation requiring HIV testing for persons convicted of sex crimes. Persons who have been charged with such crimes shall be notified of the availability of HIV testing. See State Session Laws, 1992, Chapter 389, pp. 1119-1120. On 28 February 1992, the state of South Dakota amended legislation allowing the testing of defendants in sexual assault cases, at the request of victims, to authorize such testing in cases of assault or violence and to allow a law enforcement officer to make such a request. See State Session Laws, 1992, Chapter 172, pp. 245-246. In 1992, the state of Maine enacted legislation to allow a court, at a victim's request, to require an HIV test of a person convicted of gross sexual assault. Before such an order is made, a victim must prove that an alleged exposure to blood or bodily fluids created a significant risk of HIV infection and that consent was not given by the offender for voluntary testing. See Maine Revised Statutes, Title 5, Part 23, Chapter 501, Section 19203-E. On 3 April 1992, the state of Oklahoma enacted legislation requiring all prisons and correctional institutions to notify correctional officers when an inmate is infected with HIV or has AIDS. See State Session Laws, 1992, pp. 109-110.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OKLAHOMA | SOUTH DAKOTA | TENNESSEE | MAINE | KENTUCKY | LAWS AND STATUTES | TESTING | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | CRIME | PRISONERS | RAPE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Measurement | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems
Document Number: 087263

27.
Title: Unintended childbearing: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System -- Oklahoma, 1988-1991.
Author: DePersio SR; Chen W; Blose D; Lorenz R; Thomas W; Zenker PN
Source: MMWR. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT. 1992 Dec 18;41(50):933-6.
Abstract: Between April 1988 and March 1991, the Oklahoma State Health Department sent a 14-page questionnaire to 6805 women about 5 months after delivery to examine the risk for unwanted births in the state and to evaluate the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) which the US Centers for Disease Control developed and which was used in 12 other states and the District of Columbia. These women were randomly selected from birth certificates. 44.1% of the 4837 women who responded said that their pregnancies were not planned, and 13.3% of them were unwanted, while 30.8% were mistimed. 69.4% of the adolescents (<20 years old) had unplanned pregnancies, whereas 49.2% of 20-24 year old women and 35.5% of women at least 25 years old had unplanned pregnancies. These results were probably underestimated, however, because the sample did not include women who had abortions and women who gave their infants up for adoption. Besides, the mothers may have not remembered whether the pregnancy was planned or may be unwilling to say it was unplanned. 78% of all unplanned pregnancies happened to at least 20-year-old women. Maternal education, method of payment for delivery, smoking status, and length of gestation at entry into prenatal care did not influence the unplanned pregnancy rate among adolescents, which was always high. Yet this rate differed by these factors among women at least 25 years old. Being single at conception and black were related to unplanned pregnancy. Oklahoma has initiated an education campaign to inform the public that unplanned pregnancies occur more often among women older than 20 years than among teenagers. Since the percentage of unplanned pregnancies was much greater among teenagers, unrestrictive family planning services should be offered to teenagers.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OKLAHOMA | SURVEYS | BIRTH RECORDS | UNWANTED BIRTHS | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | BLACKS | UNMARRIED | CDC | WOMEN | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Vital Statistics | Population Statistics | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Marital Status | Nuptiality | USPHS | Government Agencies | Organizations
Document Number: 079331

28.
Title: An Act relating to crimes and punishments, criminal procedure and public health and safety [17 May 1991].
Author: United States. Oklahoma
Source: OKLAHOMA SESSION LAWS. 1991;:1475-82. Chapter 200.
Abstract: This Act amends various sections of the Oklahoma Statutes to do the following: a) provide that any person engaging in prostitution knowing that he or she is infected with HIV shall be guilty of a felony punishable by no more than 5 years' imprisonment; b) provide that any person knowingly suffering from AIDS or knowingly infected with HIV who, with the intent to infect another, engages in any activity reasonably likely to result in the transfer of the virus through bodily fluids or contact shall be guilty of a crime, so long as the intended victim does not consent to the contact or consents without knowledge of the other person's infection; c) allow the release of confidential information on a person infected or possibly infected with a sexually transmitted disease among health care providers within a therapeutic environment for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment of the person whose information is released; d) strengthen safeguards of confidentiality for such information voluntarily released; e) increase the monetary penalties for unauthorized release of confidential information; f) require persons arraigned for sex crimes to be tested for sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection, and authorize a court to order the testing of persons arraigned on charges of prostitution; and g) insulate health care workers carrying out tests for HIV from civil or criminal liability. On 29 April 1991, the state of Tennessee enacted legislation increasing the severity of the crime of prostitution committed by a person knowingly infected with HIV. See Public Acts, 1991, chapter 281, pp. 468-469.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TENNESSEE | OKLAHOMA | LAWS AND STATUTES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | TESTING | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SEX WORKERS | CRIME | MEDICAL LIABILITY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Ethics | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Social Problems
Document Number: 086698

29.
Title: Changing institutional and physician behavior: from general to local anesthesia for female laparoscopic sterilization.
Author: Marston-Ainley S; Fishburne JI; Antarsh L
Source: [Unpublished] 1991. Presented at the 119th Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association [APHA], Atlanta, Georgia, November 11-14, 1991. [5] p.
Abstract: Advantages of local anesthesia include reduced morbidity and mortality, rapid recovery, decreased anesthesia time, and costs much less than general anesthesia. Further physicians can do the laparoscopic female sterilization under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. The cost of female tubal ligation under general anesthesia in the US ranges between $2000-$3200, but local anesthesia reduces these costs 68-85%. Despite these advantages, physicians must be able to use a precise and gentle surgical technique. Discomfort during coagulation or manipulation of pelvic organs may cause the patient to move and thus increase the risk of thermal injury during electrocoagulation. The Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception and the Obstetrics/Gynecology (OB/GYN) Department at the University of Oklahoma operate a 2 day program to train gynecologic residents in US medical schools in use of local anesthesia for laparoscopic female sterilization. Program staff has learned that simply training physicians in local anesthesia does not change practice, however. Both institutional behavior and barriers often prevent change. Thus the staff also seeks support and participation of all players within the hospital including recovery room nurses, operating room staff, and family planning counselors. The program has informational material on sterilization with local anaesthesia for clients. 5 medical schools accept and use the local anesthesia technique, but 3 still resist it. The main factor causing resistance is unfamiliarity. Resisters tend to be older OB/GYNs, administrators, and operating room staff. Program staff maintain contact with OB/GYNs, residents, counselors, and nurses after each training session. Even though tubal sterilization under local anesthesia required more work for the physician, patients and 3rd party payers benefit greatly from the switch from general to local anesthesia.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OKLAHOMA | CRITIQUE | LAPAROSCOPY | FEMALE STERILIZATION | BEHAVIOR | PHYSICIANS | HOSPITALS | NURSES AND NURSING | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | ANESTHESIA | ACADEMIC TRAINING | ELECTROCOAGULATION | COST EFFECTIVENESS | OBSTACLES | CHANGES | SIDE EFFECTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Facilities | Organization and Administration | Treatment | Training Programs | Education | Surgery | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Social Change
Document Number: 070123

30.
Title: The economics of teenage fertility in Oklahoma.
Author: Davis WL
Source: Ann Arbor, Michigan, University Microfilms International, 1990. vii, 135 p. (Order No. 9035172) Doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma State University, 1990.
Abstract: A study of teenage fertility in Oklahoma, this dissertation analyzes the adolescent decision-making process concerning pregnancy and childbearing within a framework that takes into account economic variables. Following an introductory section, chapter II of the dissertation conducts a literature review. This chapter focuses on intrastate comparisons of adolescent fertility and on empirical studies of teenage fertility decision-making. Chapter III presents a theoretical model of teenage fertility, an interdisciplinary theory which explains the relationship between the probability of teenage childbearing and its determinants. These determinants include the teenager's age and attitudes, the accessibility to family planning and abortion services, the amount of income derived from public assistance, and the opportunity costs of teenage childbearing and childbearing. Chapter IV describes the empirical model employed in the study, a close approximation to the theoretical model outlined in chapter III. The study derives its data from the 1980 Census of Population and Housing, as well as surveys and questionnaires designed for specific purposes. Chapter V presents the empirical results of the study, and chapter VI discusses policy implications. The empirical findings suggest the following measures for reducing adolescent childbearing: 1) encourage teenagers to stay in school; 2) increase accessibility to abortion for adolescents; 3) increase availability of family planning services -- especially for younger teenagers; 4) reduce poverty for families with teenagers; 5) enhance economic opportunity, especially for older teenagers; and 6) cut back on public assistance for older teenagers.
Language: English
Keywords:
OKLAHOMA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES | ECONOMIC MODEL | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | DECISION MAKING | AGE FACTORS | ATTITUDES | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | ABORTION | EDUCATION | POVERTY | PUBLIC ASSISTANCE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Theoretical Models | Research Methodology | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Population Characteristics | Psychological Factors | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Government Financing | Financial Activities
Document Number: 072651 Notification


	Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy