1.  Title: Role of C-type lectins in mycobacterial infections. Author: Torrelles JB; Azad AK; Henning LN; Carlson TK; Schlesinger LS Source: Current Drug Targets. 2008 Feb;9(2):102-12. Abstract: Worldwide clinical cases due to multi drug- and extensively drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) are increasing making the need for new therapies more critical than ever. A major obstacle for designing new drugs to treat mycobacterial infections is our limited knowledge of the interface between the bacillus (especially M.tb) and its host. The pulmonary innate immune system plays a key role in the recognition of microbes entering via the respiratory route. Although the specificity of this system is broad and based on the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), it is uniquely regulated to limit inflammation and thereby prevent damage to the gas-exchanging alveoli. Pulmonary surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and SP-D) are collagenous, soluble, C-type (Ca(2+)-dependent) lectins (named collectins) of the lung innate immune system that are secreted into the alveoli by resident type II alveolar epithelial cells and distal bronchiolar Clara cells. The related collectin in serum, mannose-binding lectin/protein (MBL or MBP), provides first-line defense against several microbes. Phagocytes represent the first cellular defense in the alveoli and their surface is rich in C-type lectin pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including the mannose receptor (MR), dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) and DC-associated C-type lectin-1 (Dectin-1). This review will discuss the important roles of the cell-associated C-type lectin PRRs and soluble collectins in the innate immune response to mycobacterial infections, and will present the current state of knowledge regarding the potential uses of these C-type lectins in therapy against infections, focusing on M.tb. Language: English Keywords: OHIO | LITERATURE REVIEW | CLINICAL RESEARCH | TARGET POPULATION | DRUG RESISTANCE | TUBERCULOSIS | IMMUNOLOGIC FACTORS | PROTEINS | PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING CAPACITY | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Program Design | Programs | Organization and Administration | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Infections | Diseases | Immunity | Immune System | Physiology | Biology | Hemic System Document Number: 325793 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: Long-term safety of an extended-cycle oral contraceptive (Seasonale): a 2-year multicenter open-label extension trial. Author: Anderson FD; Gibbons W; Portman D Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2006 Jul;195(1):92-96. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term safety of Seasonale, 91-day extended-cycle oral contraceptive (OC). Following completion of a 1-year Phase 3 multicenter trial, patients from selected centers were invited to participate in this 2-year extension trial. In this open-label study all participants received the 91-day extended-regimen OC, Seasonale. There were 189 study participants enrolled from 27 sites. Patient exposure included 1130 completed 91-day cycles. Overall rates of study discontinuation and the incidence of adverse events were similar to the earlier Phase 3 clinical trial. Seasonale was well tolerated and the number of reported bleeding and/or spotting days reported diminished during the course of the study. This study confirms the findings from the previous clinical trial and demonstrates that Seasonale is a safe and effective therapy for long-term use. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OHIO | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | CLIENTS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | CONTRACEPTION RESEARCH | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Effectiveness | Safety | Public Health | Health Document Number: 302813 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: Gender and the meanings of adolescent romantic relationships: a focus on boys. Author: Giordano PC; Longmore MA; Manning WD Source: American Sociological Review. 2006 Apr;71:260-287. Abstract: Many studies of the adolescent period have focused on peer interactions and relationships, but less is known about the character of adolescents' early dating experiences. Researchers have recently explored girls' views of romance and sexuality, but studies of boys' perspectives are noticeably lacking. Theorizing in this area leads to the expectation that as adolescents cross over into heterosexual territory, boys will do so, on average, with greater confidence, while being relatively less engaged emotionally (i.e., the notion that boys want sex, girls want romance), and ultimately emerging as the more powerful actors within the relationship. This article develops a symbolic interactionist perspective to examine the experiences of adolescent boys and girls in the context of the romantic dyad. It focuses on the nature of communication, emotion, and influence within adolescent dating relationships. Findings based on structured interviews with over 1,300 adolescents provide a strong contrast to existing portraits: among those adolescents who had begun dating (n = 957), boys report significantly lower levels of confidence navigating various aspects of their romantic relationships, similar levels of emotional engagement as girls, and greater power and influence on the part of their romantic partners. In-depth relationship-history narratives, elicited from a subset (n = 100) of these respondents, provide additional support for the quantitative findings and are useful in the process of reconciling our perspective and results with the emphases of prior research. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL STUDIES | THEORETICAL MODELS | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | EMOTIONS | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | SEX FACTORS | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 302142 |
| 4. Title: Vulvar ulcers in young females: a manifestation of aphthosis. Author: Huppert JS; Gerber MA; Deitch HR; Mortensen JE; Staat MA Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2006 Jun;19(3):195-204. Abstract: The study objective was to examine the etiology, clinical course, and outcomes of non-sexually transmitted vulvar ulcers in young females. A prospective cohort study of subjects referred to a tertiary center who had active vulvar ulcers and no evidence of sexually transmitted infections were evaluated with a structured clinical and laboratory protocol and followed with visits or telephone calls. Twenty eligible subjects had a mean age of 14 years (range 10--19), and five were premenarchal. Nineteen reported systemic symptoms such as fever, malaise, and headache. Most ulcers were > 1cm in diameter (range 0.3--5 cm) and were located on the medial aspect of the labia minora. All viral, bacterial, and fungal cultures were negative. Serologic testing for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection demonstrated 10 subjects with evidence of prior infection, two with acute infection, one indeterminate, and seven negative for infection. Two subjects had evidence of possible acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Other laboratory findings were nonspecific. The median duration of pain was 10 days (range 6--30), and 75% healed by 21 days. Follow up was available for 19 subjects (median 14 months). Seven experienced recurrent ulcers 2--16 months after the initial episode, and 10 had experienced oral aphthous ulcers. None met criteria for other etiologies of vulvar ulcers reported in the literature. No single infectious agent was identified as a cause of vulvar ulcers. Most cases were not temporally associated with either acute EBV or CMV infection. These ulcers are consistent with aphthous major or complex aphthosis that arise in response to acute illness. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | COHORT ANALYSIS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | GENITAL EFFECTS, FEMALE | PAIN | TIME FACTORS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | VIRAL DISEASES | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Population Dynamics Document Number: 302375 |
| 5. Title: Adolescent dating relationships and the management of sexual risk. Author: Manning WD; Giordano PC; Longmore MA; Flanigan CM Source: [Unpublished] 2006. Presented at the Population Association of America, 2006 Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, California, March 30 - April 1, 2006. [25] p. Abstract: Adolescent sexual behavior typically occurs within a relationship context, but we know more about parent and peer effects than about how specific features of romantic relationships influence sexual decision-making. A basic premise of this research is that decisions about sexual risk-taking are relational as well as "health" decisions. We draw on data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study to explore the role of communication and emotional processes, asymmetries (demographic and relational) and levels of commitment that characterize adolescent romantic relationships. We evaluate how these relationship qualities influence the management of risk within the relationship, defined as communication about partner's past risk behavior, condom use and sexual exclusivity. Results provide support for a relationship focus. For example, scales measuring communication awkwardness and intimate self-disclosure are significantly related to the likelihood of relationship non-exclusivity. In addition, demographic and relational asymmetries were linked to a decreased likelihood of current and/or consistent condom use. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | DECISION MAKING | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | EMOTIONS | INEQUALITIES | RISK ASSESSMENT | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Population | Sexual Partners | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Evaluation Document Number: 317414 |
| 6. Title: Hormonal contraception and sexual desire: a critical review. Author: Schaffir J Source: Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy. 2006 Jul-Sep;32(4):305-314. Abstract: This paper reviews the medical literature from the past thirty years to examine the relationship between hormonal contraception and sexual desire. Although sexual side effects have been noted in various subgroups of women using hormonal contraception, no consistent pattern of effect exists to suggest a hormonal or biological determinant. Effects on sexual desire most likely represent a complex and idiosyncratic combination of biological, psychological, and social effects. Further research is required to identify which factors may have the greatest effect. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OHIO | LITERATURE REVIEW | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | DECREASED LIBIDO | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, SIDE EFFECTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Behavior | Contraceptive Methods | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Public Health | Health Document Number: 310398 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Reductions in cross-neutralizing antibody responses in infants after attenuation of the human rotavirus vaccine candidate 89-12. Author: Ward RL; Kirkwood CD; Sander DS; Smith VE; Shao M Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2006 Dec 15;194(12):1729-1736. Abstract: The G1P1A[8] rotavirus vaccine candidate 89-12, the precursor to Rotarix, stimulated high titers of neutralizing antibodies to non-G1/P1A[8] serotypes of human rotavirus in naturally infected subjects before attenuation by cell-culture passages. These responses were greatly diminished in young infants (median age, 11 weeks) administered the attenuated vaccine. Because of the possibility of improved responses in older infants, the immunogenicity of the 89-12 vaccine candidate was evaluated after administration of 2 doses beginning at either 4 or 6 months of age. As was found in young infants, neutralizing antibody responses to non-G1/P1A[8] rotaviruses were considerably lower than those observed after natural infection. The reasons identified were overall (P < .0001) lower neutralizing antibody responses stimulated by the attenuated 89-12 strain, compared with those stimulated by its virulent precursor, and 5 mutations selected in the gene encoding the immunodominant VP4 (P) neutralization protein. Even so, the Rotarix vaccine developed from attenuated 89-12 was found to elicit excellent protection against non-G1 rotaviruses. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OHIO | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | INFANT | ROTAVIRUS | IMMUNIZATION | AUTOIMMUNE RESPONSE | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Antibodies | Immunologic Factors | Immunity | Immune System | Physiology | Biology | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 309504 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: HIV coinfection impairs CD28-mediated costimulation of hepatitis C virus-specific CD8 cells. Author: Yonkers NL; Rodriguez B; Post AB; Asaad R; Jones L Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2006 Aug 1;194(3):391-400. Abstract: During human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, reduced proportions of CD8 cells express CD28, the key costimulatory molecule for lymphocyte activation. However, it is unclear whether reduced CD28 expression affects immune responses to non-HIV antigens, potentially contributing to susceptibility to opportunistic infection. We measured CD4- and CD8-specific interferon-g responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) peptide pools in subjects with chronic HCV monoinfection (n=14), in subjects with chronic HCV/HIV coinfection (n=15), and in healthy control subjects (n=10) by enzyme-linked immunospot assay in the presence and absence of CD28 costimulation. Anti-CD28 agonist increased the cumulative frequency of HCV-specific CD4 cell responses in the subjects with HCV monoinfection and in those with HCV/HIV coinfection. In contrast, anti-CD28 agonist increased the breadth and cumulative frequency of HCV-specific CD8 cell responses only in the subjects with HCV monoinfection. Additionally, in the presence of anti-CD28 agonist, the proportion of subjects responding, the cumulative frequency, and the breadth of reactive CD8 cells were greater among the subjects with HCV monoinfection than among those with HCV/HIV coinfection. Finally, the HCV/HIV-coinfected subjects had lower proportions of CD8 cells that expressed CD28. These results indicate that, during HCV/HIV coinfection, memory-effector CD8 cells have reduced responsiveness to CD28 costimulation. This appears to reflect a global effect that HIV has on the activation or differentiation state of CD8 cells that are responsive to other microbial pathogens. This functional defect has implications for the pathogenesis of HCV/HIV coinfection. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OHIO | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | CLIENTS | HEPATITIS | HIV INFECTIONS | SCREENING | TESTING | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Measurement Document Number: 302210 |
| 9. Title: What if: How declines in teen births have improved poverty and child well-being in Ohio. Author: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy Source: Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2005 Apr. 3 p. Abstract: Years of research have closely linked teen pregnancy and early childbearing to a host of other critical social issues, including overall child health and well-being, out-of-wedlock births, educational attainment and workforce readiness, responsible fatherhood, and poverty in particular -- especially child poverty. For example, young children born to a mother who is a teenager, is not married, and did not finish high school are nine times more likely to be poor than children born to mothers without these three risk factors. Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing cost taxpayers at least $7 billion annually and place a serious economic burden on schools and on health, welfare and social service systems. The U.S. teen birth rate declined by 30 percent between 1991 and 2002--a significant decrease that has made major contributions to American communities. Illustrating this very point, the U.S. Congress' Joint Economic Committee completed an analysis in April 2004 that the National Campaign in turn summarized. The congressional study posed an intriguing question: if the nation's teen birth rate had remained at its 1991 level through 2002 (rather than decreasing as it did), how many more children would have been born to teen mothers and to single mothers, and what would have been the effect on poverty and on the living arrangements of children? Findings included the following: if teen birth rates had not declined nationally by 30 percent during that time, there would have been an additional 1.2 million more children born to teen mothers, approximately 460,000 additional children in poverty and almost 700,000 more children living with a single mother. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OHIO | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ONE PARENT FAMILY | BIRTH RATE | POVERTY | CHILD HEALTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | CAMPAIGNS | FERTILITY DECLINE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Measurements | Economic Factors | Health | Communication Programs | Communication | Fertility Changes Document Number: 307021 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: Gender-specific predictors of genital herpes vaccine acceptance in a college population. Author: Auslander BA; Rosenthal SL; Succop PA; Mills LM; Stanberry LR Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2005;16:27-30. Abstract: Vaccines represent one promising method for reducing the sexually transmitted disease (STD) epidemic. This study evaluated whether influences on the decision to accept a genital herpes vaccine differed by gender. In all, 518 college students completed a questionnaire on sexual history, health beliefs, and acceptance of a potential genital herpes vaccine. Each predictor variable plus a gender interaction term were analysed in separate logistic regression models. Follow-up analyses were performed by gender for outcomes that displayed significant interactions. Results indicated that a prior history of an STD and increased perception of risk for acquiring genital herpes were significant predictors of vaccine acceptance for men, while younger age and concerns about vaccine safety were significant predictors for women. Endorsement of a vaccine strategy targeting sexually experienced people was an influential factor for both genders, but was a much stronger one for women. Results suggest that gender-specific strategies may be crucial to genital herpes vaccine acceptance. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OHIO | RESEARCH REPORT | AUDIENCE RESEARCH | STUDENTS | VACCINES | HERPES GENITALIS | SEX FACTORS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | SOCIAL MARKETING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Market Research | Research Methodology | Education | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Marketing | Economic Factors Document Number: 280527 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Pediatricians' intention to administer human papillomavirus vaccine: the role of practice characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes. Author: Kahn JA; Zimet GD; Bernstein DI; Riedesel JM; Lan D Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2005 Dec;37(6):502-510. Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine pediatrician characteristics and attitudes associated with intention to recommend two hypothetical human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. A survey instrument mailed to a random sample of 1000 pediatricians assessed provider characteristics, HPV knowledge, and attitudes about HPV vaccination. Intention to administer each of two HPV vaccines types (a cervical cancer/genital wart vaccine and a cervical cancer vaccine) to girls and boys of three different ages (11, 14, and 17 years) was assessed. Linear mixed modeling for repeated measures and multivariable linear regression models were performed to identify variables associated with intention to recommend vaccination. The mean age of participants (n = 513) was 42 years and 57% were female. Participants were more likely to recommend vaccination to girls vs. boys and older vs. younger children, and were more likely to recommend a cervical cancer/genital wart vaccine than a cervical cancer vaccine (p < .0001). Variables independently associated with intention to recommend a cervical cancer/genital wart vaccine were: higher estimate of the percentage of sexually active adolescents in one’s practice (ß .084, p = .002), number of young adolescents seen weekly (ß 1.300, p = .015), higher HPV knowledge (ß 1.079, p = .015), likelihood of following the recommendations of important individuals and organizations regarding immunization (ß .834, p= .001), and fewer perceived barriers to immunization (ß -.203, p = .001). Vaccination initiatives directed toward pediatricians that focus on modifiable predictors of intention to vaccinate, such as HPV knowledge and attitudes about vaccination, may facilitate adherence to emerging national immunization guidelines. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PHYSICIANS | ADOLESCENTS | IMMUNIZATION | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | GENITAL WARTS | CERVICAL CANCER | SEX FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Youth | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Cancer | Neoplasms Document Number: 292367 |
| 12. Title: Unusual vulvar ulcerations in young adolescent females. Author: Deitch HR; Huppert J; Hillard PJ Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2004 Feb;17(1):13-16. Abstract: Study Objective: To review a series of young female patients who presented to the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio, from July of 1996 to November of 2001 with new, unexplained vulvar ulcerations, in order to elucidate common factors. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and its satellite offices. Participants: Female patients who have never been sexually active or abused who presented with the diagnosis of vulvar ulcerations. Interventions: None. Main Outcome Measures: Description of clinical features. Results: Nine patients who developed vulvar ulcerations and denied sexual contact or sexual abuse were identified. Eight of nine were premenarchal. All nine had negative Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) cultures from the lesions, and three had negative HSV serology. Negative Epstein Barr virus (EBV) tests were documented in six patients. Lesions were recurrent in three patients. The diagnosis of Behcet’s disease was considered in three patients. The remaining six patients had systemic complaints consistent with a viral syndrome at the time of the vulvar ulcerations, but no definite etiology could be documented. Conclusion: The rare finding of a vulvar ulcer in a sexually inexperienced patient can result in a diagnostic dilemma in the absence of signs of systemic illness such as Crohn’s disease, Behcet’s syndrome or EBV infection. These ulcers could be a local manifestation of a non-sexually transmitted systemic viral infection that has yet to be identified. The occurrence in premenarchal females suggests the possibility of mediating hormonal factors. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OHIO | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | GENITAL EFFECTS, FEMALE | GYNECOLOGIC DISEASES | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 191109 |
| 13. Title: Menstrual dysfunction in anorexia nervosa. Author: Mitan LA Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2004 Apr;17(2):81-85. Abstract: Amenorrhea is a hallmark sign of anorexia nervosa. Its cause is multifactorial and its resolution necessitates treatment of the underlying eating disorder. The neuroendocrine changes associated with menstrual abnormalities in underweight and weight recovered anorexia nervosa, recent research on osteopenia, and treatment recommendations are addressed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | CLINICAL RESEARCH | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ATHLETES | AMENORRHEA | NUTRITION DISORDERS | BODY WEIGHT | PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | FITNESS | SKELETAL EFFECTS | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Menstruation Disorders | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 300129 |
| 14. Title: State facts about abortion: Ohio. Author: Alan Guttmacher Institute [AGI] Source: [New York, New York], AGI, 2003. 3 p. (State Facts about Abortion) Abstract: This article presents background information about the frequency of abortion in the United States, followed by statistics on abortion frequency, abortion services, and restrictions on abortion for the United States as a whole and Ohio specifically. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OHIO | PAMPHLETS | ADULTS | WOMEN | ABORTION | PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | HEALTH FACILITIES | ABORTION LAW | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Printed Media | Mass Media | Communication | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Reproduction | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraception | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 175613 Notification |
| 15. Title: Stress and social support in health care organizations. Author: Apker J; Ray EB Source: In: Handbook of health communication, edited by Teresa L. Thompson, Alicia M. Dorsey, Katherine I. Miller, Roxanne Parrott. Mahwah, New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003. :347-368. Abstract: Since 1987, research on communication and job stress has developed in several ways. Perhaps most noteworthy is the expansion of populations studied to include mental health professionals, social workers, occupational therapists, and physical therapists as well as continuing studies of physicians and nurses. Second, while broad categories of stressors are similar, the specifics that comprise them have changed. In this chapter, we first examine job stress due to 1) structural changes brought about by managed care; 2) role changes at interorganizational and interpersonal levels; 3) emotional labor; and 4) home/work conflict. We then discuss social support and how supportive communication may impact job stress in healthcare organizations. Finally, we consider implications for future research examining the relationship between job stress and social support. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MICHIGAN | OHIO | MANUAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | ORGANIZATIONS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | STRESS | COMMUNICATION | SOCIAL NETWORKS | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household Document Number: 178090 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Prospective analysis of weight changes in adolescent females initiating depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), oral contraceptive pills (OC), or no hormonal contraceptive method. Author: Bonny A; Camlin K; Harvey R; Islam KM; Debanne S Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2003 Feb;32(2):134. Abstract: Conclusions: Our data indicate that obese adolescent females initiating depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DPMA) prevention coalition. These surveys provide detailed data on DMPA are at risk for significantly greater wt gain at 1 year than non-obese females initiating DMPA, as well as, females in both weight categories starting OC or no hormonal contraceptive. No significant differences in weight gain by contraceptive method are seen in non-obese females. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | OBESITY | WOMEN | URBAN POPULATION | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, PHASIC | MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE | BODY WEIGHT | CHANGES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Physiology | Biology | Oral Contraceptives, Combined | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Social Change Document Number: 174967 |
| 17. Title: The state of the art and the state of the science of community organizing. Author: Dearing JW Source: In: Handbook of health communication, edited by Teresa L. Thompson, Alicia M. Dorsey, Katherine I. Miller, Roxanne Parrott. Mahwah, New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003. :207-220. Abstract: Research about community organizing as accumulated in scholarly journals and books changes slowly. The studies take a long time to conceptualize, fund, conduct, and publish. Then other scholars have to read the publications and use them to inform their own work. Researchers are trained to be skeptical and seek validation of concepts and relationships from multiple studies. Good researchers are masters of caution and are meticulous about variation. Their decisions are based on what has been tested before and carefully reasoned hunches about what should work and why. For many scholars, knowledge resides in the literature. The state of good research is the state of the science. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the state of the art and the state of the science of community organizing. I do this by focusing on what Coleman (1973) considered the major distinction among theories of change: Whether the locus of change is vested in the social conditions that give rise to a problem, or in the individuals who experience the problem. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OHIO | MANUAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION | COORDINATION | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | RECOMMENDATIONS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Health Document Number: 178084 |
| 18. Title: Urinary tract infection and chlamydia infection in adolescent females. Author: Huppert JS; Biro FM; Mehrabi J; Slap GB Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2003 Jun;16(3):133-137. Abstract: Study Objective: To examine whether clinical or laboratory findings could distinguish Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) from urinary tract infection (UTI) among adolescent females in whom providers tested for both. Design, Setting, Participants: A laboratory database at an urban teen health center was reviewed to identify females who had both urine culture and ligase chain reaction (LCR) test for CT ordered at the same visit. History and physical findings were abstracted from the medical record. There were 81 visits with retrievable laboratory results and chart documentation. Main Outcome Measures: UTI was defined as >1000 colony-forming units on culture, and CT was defined as positive LCR test. Pearson’s Chi-squared test was used to assess strength of the hypothesized associations. Results: UTI was diagnosed in 20 (24%) and CT in 18 (22%) of 82 visits. Concurrent CT was diagnosed in 6 of 20 subjects with UTI. Symptoms and physical signs did not differentiate UTI from CT. Positive urinary nitrites were associated with UTI, but did not exclude CT. Similarly, wet prep evidence of trichomonas or white blood cells was associated with CT, but did not exclude UTI. Clinical diagnosis of CT or UTI was 50% sensitive and 70% specific. Conclusions: Adolescent females who are screened for both CT and UTI have high rates of concurrent disease. Urinary or vaginal symptoms do not differentiate well between these infections. Clinical diagnosis is imprecise, suggesting that adolescent females with vaginal or urinary symptoms should be tested for both CT and UTI. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | EVALUATION RESEARCH | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADULTS | WOMEN | URBAN AREAS | UROGENITAL SYSTEM | CHLAMYDIA | INFECTIONS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | VAGINA | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Evaluation Methodology | Evaluation | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Geographic Factors | Physiology | Biology | Reproductive Tract Infections | Diseases | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia Document Number: 187990 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: Attitudes about human papillomavirus vaccine in young women. Author: Kahn JA; Rosenthal SL; Hamann T; Bernstein DI Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2003 May;14(5):300-306. Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are under investigation, but little is known about attitudes regarding vaccination. The aims of this study were to identify attitudes about and intention to receive an HPV vaccine in young women using a theory-based model. Young women (n=52, mean age 25 years, range 18-30 years, 35% Black/ Non-Hispanic) completed a survey assessing knowledge, attitudes about HPV vaccination, and risk behaviours. Associations between attitudes and intention to receive the vaccine were assessed using Mann-Whitney U or chi-square tests. Subjects reported positive attitudes about receiving an HPV vaccine and high intention to receive the vaccine both for themselves and their daughters. Variables associated significantly with intention included knowledge (P=0.004), personal beliefs about vaccination (P=0.004), belief that others would approve of vaccination (P=0.005), and higher number of sexual partners (P=0.028). Information on attitudes about HPV vaccination and predictors of intention to receive a vaccine may guide immunization initiatives for young adults. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | SURVEYS | DATA ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | BLACKS | HPV | VACCINES | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | RISK BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Studies | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 178589 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: The role of sequential and concurrent sexual relationships in the risk of sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents. Author: Kelley SS; Borawski EA; Flocke SA; Keen KJ Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2003 Apr;32(4):296-305. Abstract: Purpose: To explore whether patterns of sexual relationships, such as sequential (nonoverlapping in time) or concurrent (overlapping in time), are more important indicators of sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk among adolescents than number of sexual partners. Methods: Data from 4707 sexually active adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were analyzed based on reported heterosexual relationships during the past 18 months. Adolescents were categorized as engaging in single, sequential, or concurrent sexual relationships. Demographic, behavioral, and social characteristics of each group were compared and multivariate logistic models were fit to determine STD risk associated with sexual relationship patterns and overall number of sexual partners during this same time period. Results: Thirty-five percent of sexually active teens had more than one partner in the past 18 months, and 40% of these multiple partnerships were overlapping or concurrent in time. Teens in sequential and concurrent relationships reported lower condom use and a higher degree of regret of having sex owing to alcohol use than those in single relationships. Teens in concurrent relationships also reported the lowest self-efficacy to use contraceptives. Teens in sequential or concurrent relationships were more likely to report an STD than single-relationship teens (odds ratio 2.3 and 3.9, respectively); however, they were not statistically different from each other. Number of sexual partners during this same time period was not associated with STD risk once relationship pattern was considered. Conclusion: Adolescents who engage in sequential or concurrent sexual relationships differ in some important demographic, behavioral, and social characteristics and, when compared with those who engage in single relationships, have a significantly greater risk for STDs over and above the number of sexual partners. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | SAMPLING STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | RISK FACTORS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Biology | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases Document Number: 177242 |
| 21. Title: Looking toward the future: health message design strategies. Author: Murray-Johnson L; Witte K Source: In: Handbook of health communication, edited by Teresa L. Thompson, Alicia M. Dorsey, Katherine I. Miller, Roxanne Parrott. Mahwah, New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003. :473-495. Abstract: When looking across these theories, several commonalities emerge (Witte, Meyer, & Martell, 2001). Specifically, there appear to be at least four categories of health communication variables that work together in a predictable manner. Most health communication theories focus on stimuli that trigger the motivation in an individual to perform an action (outcome variable) that is influenced by the individual's appraisal of the environment and resources. Stimuli are the materials, actions, or procedures health message designers use to get receivers to attend to their message (Atkin & Freimuth, 1989). Motivation is the internal drive derived from a person's cognitions about the message. How a person thinks about the message, coupled with the person's emotional arousal, determines the strength of the motivation that compels one to respond to the stimuli (Weinstein, 1993). The strength of the motivation affects the extent to which the person feels compelled to appraise his or her resources and environment to determine what coping mechanisms and resources are available to promote positive behavior and/or avert the potential threat. Finally, outcome variables are the concrete measures health communicators use to determine the effect the stimuli (messages) have had on an audience. Outcome variables include changes in beliefs, knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors as well as negative responses to campaigns such as reactance or denial. The most complete and effective health communication message would address at least one variable in each of these four categories to cause health protective actions. The four categories are listed in Table 21.1; along with examples as defined by the various theories. Although these four categories are conceptually distinct, a single variable can be placed into more than one category. Attitudes, for example, play a role in the appraisal of resources and environment (attitudes or evaluations of people, places, or objects influence how people view their environment), but they also can be outcomes as can occur in attitude change. These four categories provide the framework for discussing the message content variables in this chapter. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OHIO | MICHIGAN | LITERATURE REVIEW | THEORETICAL STUDIES | HEALTH PERSONNEL | CLIENTS | MESSAGE DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM DESIGN | MOTIVATION | HEALTH | PROMOTION | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Delivery of Health Care | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Communication | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Marketing | Economic Factors Document Number: 178095 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study that assessed the endometrial effects of norethindrone acetate plus ethinyl estradiol versus ethinyl estradiol alone. Author: Portman DJ; Symons JP; Wilborn W; Kempfert NJ Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 Feb;188(2):334-342. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in subjects who receive continuous norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol combinations versus unopposed ethinyl estradiol. STUDY DESIGN: Nine hundred forty-five postmenopausal women were randomly selected for 12 months of treatment with one of six blinded norethindrone acetate/ethinyl estradiol combinations (milligrams of norethindrone acetate/micrograms of ethinyl estradiol: 0/5, 0.25/5, 1/5, 0/10, 0.5/10, or 1/10) or to open-label 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens/2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate. Endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial proliferation were assessed by biopsy at screening, months 6 and 12. RESULTS: Endometrial hyperplasia developed in 26 subjects: placebo, 0/5 and 0.25/5 (1 subject each) and 0/10 (23 subjects). Significantly less endometrial proliferation was measured in the 1/5 norethindrone acetate/ ethinyl estradiol and other norethindrone acetate/ethinyl estradiol combination groups and in the 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens/2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate group, than in unopposed ethinyl estradiol groups (6 months: P < .004; 12 months: P < .001). Treatment with 1/5 norethindrone acetate/ethinyl estradiol and with other norethindrone acetate/ethinyl estradiol combinations significantly reduced endometrial proliferation compared with 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens/2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (6 and 12 months: P < .02). CONCLUSION: Norethindrone acetate protects the endometrium from estrogen-induced hyperplasia and changes in proliferative status. In addition, norethindrone acetate/ethinyl estradiol-treated subjects had significantly less endometrial proliferation compared with 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens/2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate-treated subjects. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RANDOMIZED RESPONSE TECHNIC | DOUBLE-BLIND STUDIES | CONTROL GROUPS | INCIDENCE | ENDOMETRIAL EFFECTS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | NORETHINDRONE ACETATE | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | SIDE EFFECTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Questionnaire Design | Survey Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Measurement | Endometrium | Uterus | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Norethindrone | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen | Treatment Document Number: 175825 |
| 24. Title: Effects of peer education on the peer educators in a school-based HIV prevention program: Where should peer education research go from here? Author: Ebreo A; Feist-Price S; Siewe Y; Zimmerman RS Source: Health Education and Behavior. 2002 Aug;29(4):411-423. Abstract: Although many HIV/AIDS prevention programs for adolescents have used peer educators to deliver risk reduction information, few researchers have evaluated the effects of participation in educational activities on the peer educators themselves. The present study compares several outcomes experienced by peer educators involved in a school-based HIV prevention program with those of their classmates to determine areas in which involvement in the curriculum had an effect on peer educators. Analyses revealed few differences between peer educators that could be attributed to the implementation of the intervention. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for prevention programs targeting adolescent populations, and suggestions are made concerning the importance of future research on the selection, training, and integration of peer educators into school-based programs. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OHIO | KENTUCKY | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS | PEER EDUCATORS | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | INTERVENTIONS | SEX EDUCATION | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Schools | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Program Evaluation Document Number: 280344 |
| 25. Title: Population growth and fertility patterns in an Old Order Amish settlement. Author: Greksa LP Source: Annals of Human Biology. 2002 Mar-Apr;29(2):192-201. Abstract: Background: Since they are a healthy and well-nourished isolate with strong religious proscriptions against birth control, the fertility patterns of the Old Order Amish have long been studied by demographers, particularly those with an interest in natural fertility. Aim: The present report describes population growth, population structure, and fertility patterns in a little-studied Amish settlement located in northeastern Ohio, USA (Geauga Settlement). Subjects and methods: A directory prepared by the Geauga Settlement provides data on the dates of birth of the mother, father, and all children for 1337 families for the period up to I January 1993. This information was used to assess population size, population structure, fertility rates, age at marriage, age of mothers at first and last birth, and birth intervals. Estimates of total settlement size were also derived from an older directory covering the period up to 1 January 1988 and a recently published directory which covers the period up to 1 January 1998. Results: The settlement consisted of 7546 individuals in 1988, 8345 individuals in 1993, and 9572 individuals in 1998. The completed marital fertility rate was 7.7 (SD 3.6) births per woman. Total fertility rate decreased by about one birth between 1909 and 1967, in association with a change in fertility patterns, with women born in more recent cohorts tending to have more of their offspring at an earlier age, both of which suggest the existence of behaviours to control fertility. On the other hand, the age at the birth of the last child remained fairly constant over this time period. Conclusions: There is some suggestion of fertility control by Amish families. However, this control appears to be independent of parity, suggesting that there is no intention to limit family size. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that the Amish in the Geauga Settlement are a natural fertility population. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | POPULATION GROWTH | FERTILITY | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | AGE FACTORS | RELIGION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migration | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Population Characteristics Document Number: 175197 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel 0.75 mg tablets. Author: Kook K; Gabelnick H; Duncan G Source: Contraception. 2002 Jul;66(1):73-76. Abstract: This study examined plasma levonorgestrel (LNG) concentrations and pharmacokinetics following oral administration of a single LNG 0.75 mg tablet. 16 healthy female volunteers 19-44 years old enrolled in the study. Serial blood samples were drawn over 72 hours after dosing in a fasting state. A gas chromatographic, negative ionization mass spectrometric detection analytical method was used to determine plasma LNG concentrations. The observed mean peak plasma LNG concentration was 14.1 +or- 7.9 ng/ml (range 6.7-39.0 ng/ml). The mean time of peak concentration was 1.63 +or- 0.74 hours (range 1-4 hours). The plasma LNG concentration versus time profiles were subjected to non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis for the purposes of determining half-lives, apparent oral clearances (CI/F), apparent volumes of distribution after oral administration (V/F), and mean residence time (MRT). Half-lives calculated from the terminal decline in plasma LNG concentrations ranged from 16.2 hours to 32.3 hours (mean = 24.4 + or - 5.3 hours). The CI/F was 7.06 + or - 2.69 L/hour, V/F was 260 + or - 129 L, and MRT was 27.8 + or - 5.2 hours. LNG was well tolerated; there were no serious adverse events during the study. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | LEVONORGESTREL | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 170474 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: Adolescent compliance and side effects with Quick Start initiation of oral contraceptive pills. [Respect du traitement par les adolescents et effets secondaires avec l'introduction par la Quick Start des pilules contraceptives orales] Author: Lara-Torre E; Schroeder B Source: Contraception. 2002 Aug;66(2):81-85. Abstract: Adolescents' compliance with use of oral contraceptive pills has been described in the literature. The purpose of this study was to compare traditional Sunday Start to a same day (Quick Start) approach. A retrospective study of patients 22 years of age and younger was performed comparing compliance at 3 months and 12 months and side effects. The groups were divided into Quick Start (N = 77, 40%) and Sunday Start (N = 116, 60%). 125 (65%) patients were compliant at 3 months; 68 patients (35%) were compliant at 12 months. Quick Start users were more likely to comply at 3 months (72% vs. 56%, p = 0.059), especially if they were Caucasian (80% vs. 65%, p = 0.007), with dysmenorrhea (86% vs. 62%, p = 0.006), nulligravid (77% vs. 58%, p = 0.008), or nulliparous (73% vs. 59%, p = 0.038). There was no difference in side effects. There was no significant difference at 1 year in compliance or side effects. Findings suggest better compliance in adolescents at 3 months with the Quick Start approach while maintaining side effect profile. (author's) French Abstract: La compliance des adolescents à l'égard de l'utilisation des pilules contraceptives a été décrit dans la littérature. Le but de cette étude est de comparer le traditionnel "Démarrage Dimanche" à l'approche du même jour (Démarrage Rapide). Une étude rétrospective de patients âgés de 22 ans, et plus jeunes, a été menée pour comparer la compliance à 3 mois et 12 mois et les effets secondaires. Les groupes ont été divisés en Démarrage Rapide (N = 77, 40%) et Démarrage Dimanche (N = 116, 60%). 125 patients (65%) avaient une compliance à 3 mois; 68 patients (35%) avaient une compliance à 12 mois. Les usagers "Démarrage Rapide" étaient plus susceptibles d'avoir une compliance à 3 mois (72% contre 56%, p = 0,059), surtout s'ils étaient caucasiens (80% contre 65%, p = 0,007), avec une dysménorrhée (86% contre 62%, p = 0,006), utilisaient Nulligravid (77% contre 58%, p = 0.008), ou sont nullipares (73% contre 59%, p = 0,038). Il n'y avait aucune différence dans les effets secondaires. Il n'y avait aucune différence significative à 1 année en compliance ou en effets secondaires. Les conclusions suggèrent une meilleure compliance chez les adolescents à 3 mois avec l'approche du Démarrage Rapide avec le maintien du profil des effets secondaires. (auteur) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS | USER COMPLIANCE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, SIDE EFFECTS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | SIDE EFFECTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Public Health | Health | Contraception | Family Planning | Treatment Document Number: 170691 |
| 28. Title: Adolescents' attitudes and experiences regarding levonorgestrel 100 mcg / ethinyl estradiol 20 mcg. [Actitudes y experiencias de los adolescentes con respecto al levonorgestrel (100 mcg) y etinil estradiol (20 mcg)] Author: Rosenthal SL; Cotton S; Ready JN; Potter LS; Succop PA Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2002 Dec;15(5):301-305. Abstract: Study Objective: Oral contraceptive pills (OCs) are a commonly prescribed method of birth control for sexually experienced adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to describe anticipated parental involvement and adolescent compliance with pill taking, and to describe experiences with a 20-mcg OC regarding satisfaction and side effects after six cycles. Design: Anticipated parental involvement and anticipated compliance, and experiences with an OC, were assessed at baseline, and after the first and sixth cycles during a clinical trial of oral contraceptives, which required parental consent. Setting: Three adolescent medicine clinics in New York, NY; Cincinnati, OH; and San Juan, Puerto Rico. Participants: The sample consisted of 43 female adolescents with a mean age of 17 years. Results: The majority of adolescents living with a parent anticipated parental involvement, and few adolescents anticipated difficulties with consistent pill taking. For two side effects (weight and mood changes), more than 30% of the adolescents anticipated the occurrence or worsening of side effects. However, few adolescents actually experienced increases in any of the nine side effects assessed. Ninety seven percent of adolescents in this trial reported being satisfied with a 20-mcg OC. Conclusions: Health care providers can assess adolescents’ anticipated difficulties with compliance with daily pill taking, and desire for help from their parents. This information can be incorporated into counseling to promote consistent and correct use. (author's) Spanish Abstract: Objetivo del estudio: Los anticonceptivos orales (OC, oral contraceptives) son un método de control de la natalidad bastante generalizado entre las adolescentes con experiencia sexual. El objetivo del presente estudio fue efectuar una proyección de la participación paterna y el cumplimento de las adolescentes con el tratamiento, además de describir las experiencias con un anticonceptivo oral de 20 mcg, su grado de conformidad y sus efectos secundarios luego de seis ciclos. Diseño: Para efectuar una proyección tanto de la participación paterna como del cumplimiento de las adolescentes con el tratamiento, y evaluar las experiencias con el anticonceptivo oral se tomaron valores de referencia al inicio del estudio y al finalizar el primer y sexto ciclos, en el marco de un ensayo clínico de anticonceptivos orales que requerían consentimiento paterno. Ámbito: Tres clínicas de medicina para adolescentes de Nueva York, Nueva York; Cincinnati, Ohio; y San Juan, Puerto Rico. Participantes: La muestra consistió en 43 adolescentes de sexo femenino con una edad promedio de 17 años. Resultados: La mayoría de las adolescentes que vivían con uno de sus padres previó la participación de éste en el tratamiento, y pocas adolescentes anticiparon dificultades para tomar correctamente la píldora. La incidencia de variaciones en el peso y el estado de ánimo determinó que más del 30% de las participantes previera la aparición o agravamiento de los efectos secundarios. Sin embargo, pocas adolescentes experimentaron el agravamiento de alguno de los nueve efectos secundarios evaluados. Noventa y siete por ciento de las adolescentes de este estudio manifestó conformidad con el anticonceptivo oral de 20 mcg. Conclusiones: Los prestadores de salud pueden evaluar las dificultades previstas por las adolescentes para cumplir con el tratamiento diario y su necesidad de contar con la ayuda de sus padres. Esta información puede usarse como referencia en el asesoramiento para la promoción del uso regular y correcto de los anticonceptivos orales. (del autor) Language: English Keywords: NEW YORK | OHIO | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | PUERTO RICO | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | URBAN AREAS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | LEVONORGESTREL | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | USER COMPLIANCE | ATTITUDES | SATISFACTION | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Caribbean | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Geographic Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Child Rearing Document Number: 175085 |
| 29. Title: High-risk teen compliance with prescription contraception: an analysis of Ohio Medicaid claims. Author: Zink TM; Shireman TI; Ho M; Buchanan T Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2002 Feb;15(1):15-21. Abstract: This study examines utilization of and compliance with prescription contraception by adolescents. Design: Retrospective cohort analysis of billing and pharmacy claims. Setting: Ohio Medicaid fee-for-service enrollees. Participants: Claims data of 12- to 19-year-olds identified at high risk for pregnancy by sexually related service billing or procedure code. Main Outcome Measure: Prescription contraception use and compliance patterns were examined over a 12-month study period. Results: During a 6-month enrollment period, 3338 females were identified at risk for pregnancy. Over one-fourth (920) became pregnant. Across the 12-month follow-up, 40% (1328) used no prescription contraception and 33% (1090) used some prescribed contraceptive. Most teens used injectable medroxyprogesterone (517) or oral contraceptive pills (492). About 20% of those using any type of prescribed contraceptive were compliant for the full year; less than 30% used a method for 3 months or less. Whites were more compliant with contraception than nonwhites. Younger age and concurrent mental health condition were also predictors of noncompliance. Conclusions: Teens at risk for pregnancy demonstrated poor compliance with prescribed contraceptives. Billing/ pharmacy claims analysis is a useful tool for identifying teens at risk for pregnancy in order to target and evaluate interventions or to benchmark care provided to adolescents. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | COHORT ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | RISK FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Planning | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Biology Document Number: 175151 |
| 30. Title: Adolescent girl's coping with an STD: not enough problem solving and too much self-blame. Author: Baker JG; Succop PA; Boehner CW; Biro FM; Stanberry LR Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2001 May;14(2):85-88. Abstract: Study Objective: Approximately three million teenagers are infected with an STD each year. The ways in which an adolescent girl copes with an STD may have implications for future risk and for psychological adjustment. The purpose of the current study was to compare whether coping with an STD was similar to coping with other stressors. Setting: Urban, hospital-based adolescent medicine clinic. Design and Participants: Sixty-seven girls with a mean age of 15.9 (sexual debut was 13.8) yr completed the KIDCOPE in response to both an STD acquisition and an interpersonal stressor within the previous 6 months. Results: Problem solving was used less often, and selfblame was used more often, in response to an STD acquisition. Frequency of use of self-blame was not correlated with perceived helpfulness. Conclusions: These findings suggest that clinicians need to help adolescent girls manage STD acquisition from the perspective of problem solving rather than self-blame. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OHIO | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Behavior | Health Document Number: 175148 |
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