1.  Peer Reviewed Title: The anthropological demography of Europe. Author: Bernardi L; Hutter I Source: Demographic Research. 2007 Dec 18;17(18):541-566. Abstract: This paper introduces a collection of related research studies on the anthropological demography of Europe. Anthropological demography is a specialty within demography that uses anthropological theory and methods to provide a better understanding of demographic phenomena in current and past populations. Its genesis and ongoing growth lies at the intersection of demography and socio-cultural anthropology and with their efforts to understand population processes: mainly fertility, migration, and mortality. Both disciplines share a common research subject, namely human populations, and they focus on mutually complementary aspects. The authors of this paper focus on the differences between the disciplines of anthropology and demography, the emergence of anthropological demography and its theoretical, methodological, and empirical aspects. In addition, they critically summarize the contributions that were presented in the first workshop of the Working Group on Anthropological Demography of Europe of the European Association for Population Studies, held in Rostock in Fall 2005 and reflect on how these papers add to the further development of anthropological demography in Europe, i.e. elaborating the epistemology of anthropological demography; applying additional theoretical perspectives to better understand demographic behaviour in Europe ; illustrating the way in which culture plays a role in case studies on European demographic behaviour; and emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to data collection and the added value of triangulating quantitative and qualitative analyses. (author's) Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | WOMEN | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | DEMOGRAPHY | BEHAVIOR | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | ECONOMIC FACTORS | GENDER ISSUES | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | NUPTIALITY | Developed Countries | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 323344 |
| 2. Title: Ethnic-based nuptial regimes and marriage behavior in Indonesia. Author: Buttenheim AM; Nobles J Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. [7] p. Abstract: In this study we use a unique dataset from Indonesia to examine the association between ethnic nuptial regimes and observed behaviors for adults born 1951-1980. Using reports from traditional law ("adat") experts, we compare expectations for age at marriage and post-marriage residence with actual marriage behaviors. We first test whether the ethnic-based norms for traditional age of marriage are associated with marriage hazard, and whether this association has changed over time. We then evaluate whether the expectation of residence with either the bride's or the groom's family after marriage is associated with the likelihood that the couple will live with either family after the wedding. We also test whether this association has changed over time. In both analyses we examine the role of education in mediating the relationship between ethnic norms and marriage behavior. Indonesia has experienced rapid increases in educational attainment since the 1960s. This increase in exposure to secondary education in particular may be an important source of ideational change that attenuates the importance of adat norms for couples making marriage decisions. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | SUMMARY REPORT | ALLIANCE INDEXES | FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS | MEASUREMENT | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | NUPTIALITY | MARRIAGE | BEHAVIOR | EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Research | Family and Household | Research Methodology Document Number: 317743 |
3.  Peer Reviewed Title: Motherhood status and union formation in Moshi, Tanzania 2002 -- 2003. Author: Hattori MK; Larsen U Source: Population Studies. 2007 Jul;61(2):185-199. Abstract: Age at first union is increasing throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa at the same time that not all couples are waiting for marriage before their first sexual intercourse. We assessed the effect of a premarital first birth on entrance into a first union in an urban area in East Africa - Moshi, Tanzania. The data come from the Moshi Infertility Survey of 2002-2003. Women who spent less than a year in single motherhood were significantly more likely than childless women to enter into a first union, although the magnitude of this relationship was weaker for more recent cohorts. Women who had been single mothers for 5 or more years (about two-thirds of women with a premarital birth) were significantly less likely than women without children to enter into a first union. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | COUPLES | FIRST INTERCOURSE | PREMARITAL PREGNANCY | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | NUPTIALITY | FERTILITY | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 313609 |
| 4. Peer Reviewed Title: The Phoenix population: Demographic crisis and rebound in Cambodia. Author: Heuveline P; Poch B Source: Demography. 2007 May;44(2):405-426. Abstract: The study of mortality crises provides an unusual and valuable perspective on the relationship between mortality and fertility changes, a relationship that has puzzled demographers for decades. In this article, we combine nationally representative survey and demographic-surveillance system data to study fertility trends around the time of the Khmer Rouge (KR) regime, under which 25% of the Cambodian population died. We present the first quantitative evidence to date that attests to a one-third decline of fertility during this regime, followed by a substantial "baby boom" after the fall of the KR. Further analyses reveal that the fertility rebound was produced not only by a two-year marriage bubble but also by a surge in marital fertility that remained for nearly a decade above its precrisis level. Our results illustrate the potential influence of mortality on fertility, which may be more difficult to identify for more gradual mortality declines. To the extent that until recently, Cambodian fertility appears to fit natural fertility patterns, our findings also reinforce recent qualifications about the meaning of this core paradigm of demographic analysis. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CAMBODIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | EXCESS MORTALITY | FERTILITY CHANGES | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | MARITAL FERTILITY | BABY BOOM | NUPTIALITY | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements Document Number: 317139 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: First union formation in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: Patterns across countries and gender. Author: Katus K; Puur A; Poldma A; Sakkeus L Source: Demographic Research. 2007 Nov 16;17(10):247-300. Abstract: This article examines the changes in first union formation in the Baltic countries between the late 1960s and early 1990s, in the context of societal and family-level gender relations. The analyses are conducted using microdata from the European Family and Fertility Surveys program. Our results indicate that in Estonia and Latvia the shift from direct marriage to cohabitation started well before the fall of socialist regime. Event-history models provide support for a hypothesised association between union formation and gender systems, with Lithuania showing more traditional features in both respects, possibly due to long-standing cultural differences between the countries. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ESTONIA | LATVIA | LITHUANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS | FERTILITY SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | GENDER RELATIONS | MARRIAGE | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | NUPTIALITY | FAMILY RESEARCH | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | RELIGION | Europe, Eastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Demographic Analysis | Research Methodology | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Studies | Gender Issues | Sociocultural Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Family and Household | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 322409 |
| 6. Title: The demography of Latin America and the Caribbean since 1950. Author: Guzman JM; Rodriguez J; Martinez J; Contreras JM; Gonzalez D Source: Population-E. 2006 Sep-Dec;61(5-6):519-576. Abstract: Behind its apparent uniformity, the region comprising Latin America and the Caribbean is extremely diverse, reflecting a long history of human settlement. The massive inflow of migrants from Europe and Africa during the colonization process contributed substantially to long-term population growth in the region, though the population actually declined at the time of initial contacts between European migrants and the Amerindian civilizations. When the conquistadors first set foot in America, the continent had at least 2,000 indigenous languages and an immense variety of social models, ranging from the most complex and advanced, such as those of the Aztecs, the Mayas and the Incas, to the most simple, such as that of the Amazonian rainforest populations. Today, there are more than 500 indigenous population groups, totalling an estimated 30 to 50 million individuals. These communities are largest in Peru, Mexico, Bolivia and Guatemala. In the latter two countries indigenous people represent more than half the total population. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CARIBBEAN | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHY | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | ADOLESCENTS | POPULATION SIZE | POPULATION GROWTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | NUPTIALITY | ABORTION | LIFE EXPECTANCY | MORTALITY | CAUSES OF DEATH | INFANT MORTALITY | INTERNAL MIGRATION | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Americas | Developing Countries | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Dynamics | Economic Factors | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Length of Life | Migration | Socioeconomic Status Document Number: 308541 Notification |
| 7. Title: The effects of family policy in the former GDR on nuptiality and births outside marriage. Author: Salles A Source: Population-E. 2006 Jan-Apr;61(1-2):141-152. Abstract: Though the long-term impact of family policies on fertility is a subject of heated debate, there is no lack of evidence concerning their effects - often rapid - on the decisions made by families, who adapt their behaviour in accordance with government measures. The former GDR, where the government implemented an active family policy over a clearly delimited period, from the 1970s up to German reunification in 1990, is an interesting case in point. It resulted in the progressive emergence of an original pattern of family formation in the country, enabling individuals to draw maximum benefit from government aids. Through measures designed to increase the birth rate, the government primarily encouraged the development of non-marital births (as opposed to births within marriage) and of marriage. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GERMANY | LITERATURE REVIEW | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY POLICY | NUPTIALITY | ILLEGITIMACY | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | UNMARRIED | INCENTIVES | BABY BOOM | MARRIAGE AGE | Europe, Central | Europe | Developed Countries | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Problems | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Marital Status | Marriage Patterns | Marriage Document Number: 308396 |
| 8. Title: Collecting community histories to study the determinants of demographic behaviour: A survey in Burkina Faso. Author: Schoumaker B; Dabire HB; Gnoumou-Thiombiano B Source: Population-E. 2006 Jan-Apr;61(1-2):81-108. Abstract: Multi-level event history analyses depend upon data that are rarely available. Alongside individual trajectories, indicators of change in the social, economic and demographic environment must also be reconstructed. In most cases, the context is described via individual characteristics and a small number of indicators gleaned from available administrative sources. To obtain a more accurate measure of changes in the context of individual life courses, a survey was conducted in Burkina Faso to collect community event history data that could be factored into subsequent analyses. In this article, Bruno SCHOUMAKER, Hubert BONAYI DABIRE and Bilampoa GNOUMOU-THIOMBIANO present a detailed description of this survey process, demonstrating its feasibility and suggesting a promising range of applications. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BURKINA FASO | RESEARCH REPORT | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS | DATA COLLECTION | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | ENVIRONMENT | DATA QUALITY | MIGRATION | FERTILITY | SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | NUPTIALITY | EMPLOYMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Analysis | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Data Analysis | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 308394 |
| 9. Title: Health Systems and Infectious Diseases Surveillance System report, 2002-2003. Author: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh [ICDDR,B]. Centre for Health and Population Research Source: Dhaka, Bangladesh, ICDDR,B, Center for Health and Population Research, 2005 Sep. [48] p. (Special Publication No. 120) Abstract: This report presents a description and analysis of some of the data collected by the Health Systems and Infectious Diseases Surveillance System (HSIDSS) during 2002 and 2003. Compared to the 2000-2001 report, more data on which the figures are based have been included in the annexes. Other detailed data can be obtained, on certain conditions, from the Surveillance and Data Resources Unit. The HSIDSS collects a wide variety of data from the surveyed population. In addition to providing the most important indicators, this report should give researchers an overview of the surveillance data available. It is not intended to be an exhaustive source of data. Like the previous edition, this report will be published simultaneously in printed and electronic form. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | SUMMARY REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | WOMEN | MOTHERS | FERTILITY | MORBIDITY | MATERNAL MORTALITY | AGE FACTORS | NUPTIALITY | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | IMMUNIZATION | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | EXPENDITURES | SEX PREFERENCE | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Contraception | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Diseases | Mortality | Population Characteristics | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Financial Activities | Value Orientation | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 304864 |
| 10. Title: Recent demographic developments in France. Author: Prioux F Source: Population-E. 2005 Jul-Aug;60(4):371-414. Abstract: In 2004, the population of metropolitan France grew by an estimated 364,000 to 60.56 million on 1 January 2005. This is the steepest increase observed in many years in both absolute and relative terms (6 per 1,000); not since the early 1970s have higher figures been recorded. The exceptional gains of 2004 are mainly due to the sharp fall in the number of deaths (508,500). In 2003 -a year marked by the summer heatwave -550,000 were recorded, or 15,000 more than expected. The number of births edged up from 761,500 in 2003 to 767,800 in 2004. This generated an exceptional natural increase of 259,300, i.e. a rate of 4.3 per 1,000, nearly matching the 1987 and 1988 figures. In addition to this large natural increase, France recorded net migration of +105,000 in 2004, a very slight rise from the previous year's +100,000 (INSEE substantially revised the 2003 figure from the estimates published in 2004). Though French population growth is mainly driven by natural increase, the contribution of net migration is now about 30% (2003-04 average)). According to Council of Europe data (2005) however, France is one of the only countries of Western Europe -with the Netherlands -whose growth is chiefly due to the excess of births over deaths. Even in Ireland, whose rate of natural increase is twice that of France, natural increase accounts for only half of total growth, since net immigration is also high. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: FRANCE | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | POPULATION | IMMIGRANTS | BIRTH RATE | URBAN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | AGE DISTRIBUTION | AGE SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATE | ABORTION | NUPTIALITY | MORTALITY | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Fertility Rate | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning Document Number: 308529 Notification |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: The demographic consequences of conflict, exile and repatriation: a case study of Malian Tuareg. [Conséquences démographiques d'une situation de conflit, d'exil et de rapatriement : Étude du cas du pays touareg malien] Author: Randall S Source: European Journal of Population. 2005;21:291-320. Abstract: A framework outlining the potential impacts of conflict on demographic behaviour is used to analyse the post-conflict demography of Malian Tuareg after substantial conflict-induced social, political and economic changes. A remarkable stability in both fertility and marriage leads to the conclusion that an important demographic consequence of persecution and conflict may be an entrenchment of demographic behaviour which reinforces the population’s demographic identity particularly with respect to reproduction. The importance of unique historical, political and cultural experiences of a population in responding to conflict precludes the development of a ‘demography of conflict’, suggesting we should be pursuing the ‘demography of conflicts’. (author's) French Abstract: Basée sur un cadre présentant l'impact potentiel du conflit sur le comportement démographique, cette étude se propose d'analyser les caractéristiques démographiques post-conflit du pays touareg malien, celui-ci ayant subi de graves changements sur les plans social, politique et économique par suite des conflits. L'étonnante stabilité des statistiques de fertilité comme celles de mariage tend à démontrer que les conflits et les persécutions qu'ils entraînent pourraient être un facteur non négligeable de retranchement social de la population conduisant à une exacerbation de ses comportements démographiques, notamment en ce qui concerne la reproduction. Le caractère totalement unique des expériences vécues par une population exposée à un conflit aux niveaux historique, politique et culturel s'oppose à la formulation d'une " démographie d'un conflit ", d'où la nécessité de se pencher plutôt sur " démographie des conflits ". (de l'auteur) Language: English Keywords: MALI | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | NOMADS | WAR | MIGRATION | RETURN MIGRATION | FERTILITY | NUPTIALITY | MORTALITY | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | POPULATION DYNAMICS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Geographic Factors Document Number: 289972 |
| 12. Title: Why is fertility in Korea lower than in Japan? Author: Suzuki T Source: Journal of Population Problems / Jinko Mondai Kenkyu. 2005;61(2):23-39. Abstract: Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in the Republic of Korea showed a sudden fall from 1.47 in 2000 to 1.17 in 2002. Although TFR slightly recovered to 1.19 in 2003, it was still lower than Taiwan (1.24) and Japan (1.29) in the same year. This paper investigates why TFR in Korea since 2001 has been lower than in Japan. It is shown that the tempo-adjusted TFR in Korea in 2002 was still higher than in Japan. This means that one reason of lower fertility in Korea is faster delay in childbearing age. More useful insight can be obtained from a decomposition of nuptiality and marital fertility. A comparison between actual and hypothetical TFRs reveals that approximately 60% of the TFR decline between 1999 and 2002 in Korea was caused by nuptiality decline. However, it is shown that the recent Japan-Korea difference is due not to nuptiality but to marital fertility. According to the 2003 National Fertility and Family Health Survey in Korea, there was an increase in contraception practice since 2000. The ideal number of children did not change in this period. The proportion of high school graduates proceeding to college rose dramatically in the 1990s in Korea while the proportion was stagnated in Japan, suggesting higher cost of childrearing in Korea. The labor participation rate of women in 30s in Korea is lower than in Japan, and the gap has been widening. It is likely that the uncertainty of labor market condition constrained marital fertility in Korea more tightly than in Japan. The Korean government publicized several pro-natal policies in 2004. However, the prerequisite to the recovery of fertility seems to be an acquirement of Western European cultural pattern of weak family ties, extramarital births, early independence of youths, etc. Since such a cultural change is more difficult to occur in Eastern Asia than in Southern Europe, lowest-low fertility in Asia could be severer and last longer than in Europe. (author's) Language: English Keywords: REPUBLIC OF KOREA | JAPAN | CRITIQUE | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | FERTILITY DECLINE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | MARITAL FERTILITY | NUPTIALITY | FAMILY SIZE, IDEAL | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | PRONATALIST POLICY | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Family Size | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors Document Number: 293766 |
| 13. Title: The demography of the Arab world and the Middle East from the 1950s to the 2000s. Author: Tabutin D; Schoumaker B Source: Population-E. 2005 Sep-Dec;60(5-6):505-616. Abstract: This second Population chronicle on the demography of the world's regions is devoted to a vast area spreading from Morocco to Turkey, and including Iran and Iraq. The twenty countries covered, many of which are in the political and economic spotlight, occupy almost 12 million square kilometres and had around 421 million inhabitants in 2005. These countries are linked by their past and by their present. For this reason, we preferred to group them together rather than focus exclusively on the Arab world (excluding Israel, Iran and Turkey) or on the Mediterranean basin (excluding the seven countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Jordan, Iran and Iraq). Though Islam is the dominant religion*3' throughout the region, with the exception of Israel of course, the different countries present highly contrasting economic and social situations: they include some of the world's richest countries (the oil and gas producers), but also some of the poorest (Yemen and Palestine). The region is also culturally diverse, with numerous religious and ethnic minorities (Berbers in North Africa, Nubians in Egypt, Kurds, Armenians and Turkmens in Syria, Iraq and Turkey). (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MIDDLE EAST | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL STUDIES | HISTORICAL REVIEW | DATA ANALYSIS | DATA COLLECTION | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | CHANGES | DEMOGRAPHY | ISLAM | POPULATION GROWTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | NUPTIALITY | MARRIAGE AGE | REMARRIAGE | DIVORCE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | MARITAL FERTILITY | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | BREASTFEEDING | ABSTINENCE | MATERNAL MORTALITY | CHILD MORTALITY | AIDS | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | EDUCATION | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Social Sciences | Science | Religion | Economic Factors | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Fertility | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Mortality | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Migration Document Number: 308523 |
| 14. Title: World fertility report: 2003. Author: United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division Source: New York, New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2004 Mar 12. 504 p. (ESA/P/WP.189) Abstract: The twentieth century ushered in profound and continuing changes in childbearing that are driven by and impact on social and economic development. Central to these changes in childbearing are shifts in nuptiality and increase in the use of contraception. Contraceptive use related to reproductive health is an issue of high priority worldwide and Governments’ views and policies in this domain are diverse and evolving. The Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, according to its mandate to increase understanding and awareness among Member States and civil society of issues in the field of population and development, has produced a number of recurrent and ad-hoc reports on these topics. The present report aims at complementing these previous publications with a selection of consistent data on different aspects of reproduction, nuptiality and contraceptive use in most countries of the world. This volume presents data on fertility, nuptiality, contraceptive use and national policies with respect to childbearing for 192 countries of the world, whose population in 2000 was greater than 100,000. The indicators are selected in such a way as to present a concise picture of reproductive and marital behaviour from both period and cohort perspectives. Contraceptive use and policy data are limited to period perspective. The data are compiled from civil registration, population censuses and nationally representative sample surveys and, in the case of national policies, Governments’ responses to United Nations inquiries and other sources. The basic criterion for inclusion of data is its reliability. No attempts were made to estimate missing data. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | EVALUATION REPORT | POPULATION | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | FERTILITY | NUPTIALITY | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | Evaluation | Economic Factors | Health | Contraception | Family Planning | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors Document Number: 279305 |
| 15. Title: Marriage patterns in South Africa: methodological and substantive issues. Author: Budlender D; Chobokoane N; Simelane S Source: South African Journal of Demography. 2004;9(1):1-25. Abstract: The relative dearth of analytical work on marital status to date arises, in part, from the difficulties associated with collecting and interpreting data. The problems are particularly acute in South Africa as a result of the wide diversity in marriage forms, cultures, religions and languages. Inadequacies in coverage of large segments of the population during the apartheid years add to the difficulties. The paper describes some of the historical, legal and social reasons for the data difficulties. It then describes and examines data from various household surveys, the 1996 population census and administrative sources on type, prevalence and timing of marriage to assess the extent of the problems. Because census and survey data reflect perceptions of marriage, while administrative data generally record the legal system, the paper can consider differences between the two views of marriage, as well as differences between sources which purport to measure the same view. The paper concludes that despite the many problems in the data, careful analysis can reveal important trends in marriage patterns in the country. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | DATA ANALYSIS | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | CENSUS | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | NUPTIALITY | CULTURE | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | LANGUAGE | LEGISLATION | VITAL STATISTICS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Statistics | Marriage | Religion | Communication Document Number: 293018 |
| 16. Title: Maasai marriage: a comparative study of Kenya and Tanzania. Author: Coast E Source: [Unpublished] [2004]. 37 p. Abstract: This study compares and contrasts recent and contemporary nuptiality among Maasai men of Kenya and Tanzania, and represents the first cross-national comparable data set on Maasai marriage (n = 2,394 men aged 20 and above). By comparing nuptiality between Kenyan and Tanzanian Maasai, this study examines marriage among the Maasai in particular and rural sub-Saharan African populations undergoing socio-economic change in general. Maasai men marry later, on average, than the national average in both Kenya and Tanzania, and the age at first marriage appears to be declining. Relative to national levels, polygynous marriages account for a significantly higher proportion of Maasai marriages. Country-level differences in entry into and type of (monogamous or polygynous) marriage are described and explanations sought. The Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania are arguably the best known pastoralist population in the world, and the current study represents an opportunity to update and review the body of evidence linking pastoralism with polygyny. Linkages between socioeconomic divergence and nuptiality are identified, with specific reference to uptake of formal education. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ETHNIC GROUPS | MEN | RURAL POPULATION | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | MARRIAGE AGE | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | POLYGYNY | NUPTIALITY | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Marriage | Economic Factors Document Number: 309424 |
| 17. Title: Recent demographic developments in France. Author: Prioux F Source: Population-E. 2004 Sep-Oct;59(5):595-634. Abstract: On January 1, 2004, the population of metropolitan France was estimated at 59.9 million inhabitants, an annual increase of 266,000. This growth figure was lower than the 292,000 registered in 2002, owing to the simultaneous mild decline in the natural increase and net migration. Deaths rose sharply during the heat wave of summer 2003, causing total deaths to rise by 16,000 from 534,000 in 2002 to an estimated 550,000. The dip in births from 762,000 in 2002 to 760,000 in 2003 reduced the natural increase from 227,000 to 211,000 respectively. The rate of natural increase thus returned to its 1998 and 1999 figure of 3.5 per 1,000. Net migration declined slightly from 65,000 in 2002 to 55,000 in 2003, putting the total rate of increase at 4.4 per 1,000. France is therefore one of the few countries in Europe, with the Netherlands, whose growth is mainly driven by the excess of births over deaths. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: FRANCE | RESEARCH REPORT | URBAN POPULATION | IMMIGRANTS | POPULATION GROWTH | AGE DISTRIBUTION | FERTILITY RATE | ABORTION RATE | NUPTIALITY | MARRIAGE AGE | DIVORCE | MORTALITY | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Age Factors | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Marriage Patterns | Marriage Document Number: 308552 Notification |
| 18. Title: The demography of sub-Saharan Africa from the 1950s to the 2000s. A survey of changes and a statistical assessment. Author: Tabutin D; Schoumaker B Source: Population-E. 2004;59(3-4):457-556. Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa (48 states, 50 countries, 700 million people in 2004, and close to 22 million sq. km.) was long considered by demographers to be a relatively homogeneous region that withstood the sociodemographic changes that had been occurring in a large part of the world since the 1950s or the 1960s. During the 1970s, African demography or the population of Tropical Africa characterized overall by early and universal marriage, high fertility and excessive mortality, and finally rapid growth. Since then, however, the situation has changed, and Africa is no longer an exception. For the most part, it has entered the demographic transition process. But just as elsewhere two or three decades ago, the changes are occurring at various paces according to the country, depending on the (numerous) cultural systems, the diversified economies, the political systems, but also on the crises of various kinds that some countries, or even entire sub-regions of the continent, have been experiencing over the last 30: years conflicts and civil wars, food shortages that sometimes attain the famine stage, a deterioration of living standards, and of course AIDS. Vulnerability, insecurity and poverty are the fate of many countries, and of large strata of the population within each of them. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | POPULATION | DEMOGRAPHY | POPULATION DYNAMICS | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | STATISTICS | FERTILITY | NUPTIALITY | MORTALITY | MIGRATION | Developing Countries | Africa | Research Methodology | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors Document Number: 312256 |
| 19. Title: Partnership and reproductive behaviour in low-fertility countries. Author: United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division Source: New York, New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2003 May. [128] p. (ESA/P/WP. 177) Abstract: The number of countries with period total fertility rates at or below replacement increased from 5 in 1960 to 64 in 2000. Patterns of partnership and reproductive behaviours vary substantially among these 64 countries even though total fertility rates vary within a relatively small range. The demographic transition from high to replacement fertility was essentially associated with the implementation of reproductive choices within marital unions. The post-transitional developments are driven mostly by the transformations of partnership behaviour. During the last decades of the twentieth century, the family as a social institution changed, obligation and commitment with regard to formal marriage eroded, and new forms of partnership proliferated in many countries. The range of options for individuals expanded. These options consists of permanent or much more prolonged state of celibacy, and of engaging in partnerships that do not assume formal contractual status and may or may not involve childbearing. The diversification of partnership options relaxes obligations to previously strict social norms when choosing the path of union formation. Marriage and parenthood are drifting apart and the sequences of events in personal biographies are no longer standardized. However, in the recent past these transformations were confined mostly to Northern and Western Europe and Northern America, while formal marriage remained the nearly exclusive form of conjugal union in most countries of Eastern and Southern Europe and Eastern Asia. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | COUPLES | FERTILITY RATE | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | NUPTIALITY | FAMILY SIZE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | CONSENSUAL UNION | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 307693 |
| 20. Title: A report of a survey on economic crisis, demographic dynamics and family in Thailand. Author: Chayovan N; Bangkeaw B; Karcharnubarn R; Milintangkul C; Prachuabmoh V Source: Bangkok, Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, College of Population Studies, 2003 Mar. xvii, 210 p. (CPS Publication No. 289) Abstract: The survey project “Economic Crisis, Demographic Dynamics, and Family in Thailand” (ECODDF) is a collaborative effort between the College of Population Studies at Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, and the Economic Department at Keio University, Japan. A nationally representative sample of 5,000 women and 3,000 men or reproductive age (15-49) were interviewed nationwide between March and October 2001. The survey was conducted to establish a nationally representative data base of socio-economic, demographic and reproductive health status of Thai population. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | POPULATION STATISTICS | POPULATION | POPULATION DYNAMICS | MACROECONOMIC FACTORS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | NUPTIALITY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Economic Factors | Health | Marriage Document Number: 195464 |
| 21. Title: Recent demographic developments in France. Author: Prioux F Source: Population-E. 2003 Jul-Oct;58(4-5):525-558. Abstract: On 1 January 2003, the total population of France was estimated at 61,387,000 inhabitants. If attention is limited to metropolitan France (mainland and Corsica), there were 59,626,000 inhabitants, an increase of 288,000 over the previous year, representing a growth rate of 4.8 per 1,000 - 0.3 points lower than in 2001. Since net migration is estimated to have increased slightly, this decline can only have come from a slackening in natural increase. According to the provisional estimates by INSEE (French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies), the number of births decreased slightly in 2002 (763,000, or 8,000 fewer than in 2001) whereas the number of deaths increased slightly (540,000, or 9,000 more than in 2001), giving a natural increase of 223,000 persons. The rate of natural increase thus fell from 4.0 per 1,000 in 2001 to 3.7 per 1,000 in 2002. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: FRANCE | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION | IMMIGRANTS | POPULATION GROWTH | SEX FACTORS | AGE DISTRIBUTION | FERTILITY RATE | NUPTIALITY | REMARRIAGE | DIVORCE | MORTALITY | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Characteristics | Age Factors | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Marriage Patterns | Marriage Document Number: 308555 |
| 22. Title: Bigamy: a social problem in Nigeria. Source: Violence Watch. 2002 Jul-Sep;4(3):1, 4. Abstract: Despite the existence of this law on bigamy in Nigeria, men still throw caution to the wind, going on to marry two, three or more women under Customary law. The argument some of these men put forth to justify their criminal act, is that both forms of marriages are recognized by law in Nigeria. However Statutory law supercedes Customary law marriage where a couple conducted both forms of marriage. It is only in a situation whereby a couple only executed a Customary (traditional) marriage that the law on bigamy does not apply. In Nigeria today, bigamy is gaining ground as cases abound of couples who married under the Act, only for the man to later take a second and sometimes third "wife". (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | SUMMARY REPORT | MEN | MARRIAGE | POLYGAMY | MULTIPLE MARRIAGES | NUPTIALITY | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Marriage Patterns | Population Characteristics Document Number: 185693 |
| 23. Title: Methodological challenges in the analysis of male sexual relations and reproduction in sub-Saharan Africa. Author: Bakilana A Source: [Unpublished] 2002. Presented at the Interregional Seminar on Reproductive Health, Unmet Needs and Poverty: Issues of Access and Quality of Service, Bangkok, Thailand, November 25-30, 2002. 14 p. Abstract: Traditionally, demographers have studied the determinants of nuptiality, sexual behaviour and fertility patterns from the perspective of women. The 1994 Cairo UN International Conference on Population and Development was an important milestone in demography, since then, there have been efforts to understand the role of men in shaping nuptiality, sexual behaviour and fertility patterns and how men can be involved in population policies. The recent effort to include men in demographic studies is a result of many factors. The most influential has been the feminist movement of the 1990s, which questioned the continuation of studies of marriage, sexual behaviour and fertility that made limited efforts in improving women's health. The debates also centred on the unequal responsibilities that women carried in the whole population control effort. The run up to the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo saw numerous debates which argued that it was time that men also bore part of the responsibility. The 1994 Cairo International Conference on Population and Development and the 1995 Beijing Women's Conference were important milestones in shifting emphasis away from population control towards reproductive health. Among other issues, the agenda of the conferences made it clear that it was time men were more involved in reproductive and child rearing responsibilities. In addition, the conferences discussed matters of women's empowerment, and sexual and reproductive health; the most pertinent issue for the 1990s being the involvement of men in family life. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | TANZANIA | ZIMBABWE | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | DATA QUALITY | MEN | RESPONDENTS | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEX BEHAVIOR | NUPTIALITY | FERTILITY | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa, Southern | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Health | Behavior Document Number: 311520 |
| 24. Peer Reviewed Title: The possible effects of child survival on women's ages at first union and childbirth in sub-Saharan Africa. Author: Legrand TK; Barbieri M Source: European Journal of Population. 2002;18(4):361-386. Abstract: Improvements in child survival may lead to lower fertility through several pathways. To date, most studies have focused on the physiological and replacement effects, whose impacts are known to be modest in size. Few have examined the potentially more important insurance effect on fertility within union, and almost none have considered the possible relationship between child mortality and marriage, which could also grow out of an insurance strategy. In this study, we use data from 21 sub-Saharan African countries to assess the relationship between child mortality and young women's ages at first marriage and childbirth. The results show that lower levels of mortality are strongly associated with later marriages and first births, even after controlling for the effects of a large number of other variables. The implications of the findings are discussed and alternative explanations for this relationship are presented. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | CHILD SURVIVAL | INFANT MORTALITY | CHILD MORTALITY | NUPTIALITY | AGE FACTORS | CHILDBIRTH | MARRIAGE AGE | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Africa | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Economic Factors Document Number: 174087 |
| 25. Title: Lowest fertility, least population growth and declining primary school enrolment: the demography of Pathanamthitta district, Kerala. Author: Retnakumar J Source: Mumbai, India, International Institute for Population Sciences, 2002. 29 p. Abstract: Kerala's demographic achievement has been the centre of academic discussion from the early 1980s. Pathanamthitta, one of the southern districts in the state with low per capita income and urbanization has shown better socio-demographic achievement, especially in the field of fertility and mortality, which are even comparable to some of the European countries. The "Pathanamthitta Model" shows that rapid demographic transition is possible even at low levels per capita income and urbanization. But this positive transition has had a negative fall out of rapidly declining enrolment particularly in lower primary school in the district especially after 1991 and the emergence of uneconomic schools. The relative fall in the enrolment of boys is very significant compared to that of girls in recent times. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | CHILD MORTALITY | FERTILITY DECLINE | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | MIGRATION | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | DEMOGRAPHY | FAMILY PLANNING | NUPTIALITY | SEX RATIO | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Population | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Social Sciences | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Population Characteristics Document Number: 173829 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: The predecline rise in Israeli Moslem fertility. Author: Schellekens J; Eisenbach Z Source: Economic Development and Cultural Change. 2002 Apr;50(3):541-555. Abstract: The census data seem to suggest that Israeli Moslem women who were born before 1900 had between six and seven births, on average, Cohort fertility reached a high of 8.5 births among women born in the 1920s and 1930s. Thus, we need to account for a rise of 1.5 births at least. Nuptiality seems to have been declining despite a decline in widowhood. Hence, the proximate determinant that accounts for much of the rise in fertility is probably postpartum infecundability. It is even more difficult to determine the ultimate causes for the rise. The literature suggests at least three variables associated with declines in breastfeeding, income, maternal education, and urbanization. Our results suggest that the rise in maternal education is able to account for a small part of the decline in the length of the second birth interval. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ISRAEL | RESEARCH REPORT | CENSUS | COHORT ANALYSIS | MOTHERS | BREASTFEEDING | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | NUPTIALITY | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | WOMEN | Middle East | Developed Countries | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 174080 |
| 27. Title: [The effects of changes in family policy on fertility in Central Europe] A csaladpolitika valtozasainak hatasaia termekenysegre kozep-europaban. Author: Tarkanyi A Source: Demografia. 2002;45(1):48-79. Abstract: The question to be investigated in this study is to what extent the erosion of family policy in central European countries in the 1990s may have contributed to the reduction of fertility and if a positive family policy measure was drafted did it have an affect moderating the reduction. The focus is mainly on Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, but Hungary is also included in the analysis in addition to Romania, Slovenia and the former East Germany. Several other basic factors could have affected fertility including rising unemployment, decreasing real wages, psychological factors, the relationship of marriage and fertility, the postponement of marriage age and the changes in the area of culture, the value system and life style. Language: Hungarian Keywords: CULTURE | EUROPE, EASTERN | FAMILY POLICY | FERTILITY DECLINE | HUNGARY | NUPTIALITY | RESEARCH REPORT | UNEMPLOYMENT | VALUE ORIENTATION | WAGES | CHANGES | Developing Countries | Europe | Social Policy | Policy | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Europe, Central | Employment | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Change Document Number: 170564 |
| 28. Title: [Mauritania Demographic and Health Survey, 2000-2001] Enquete Demographique et de Sante, Mauritanie, 2000-2001. Author: Mauritania. Office National de la Statistique; ORC Macro. MEASURE DHS+ Source: Nouakchott, Mauritania, Office National de la Statistique, 2001 Dec. xxviii, 364 p. Abstract: Results are presented from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in Mauritania during 2000-01. The first chapter describes the country’s general characteristics with regard to its geography; history; economic, social, demographic, and health situations; and population policy. The survey’s methodology is also described. Household and respondent characteristics are then described in the following sections: population age and sex structure, household size and composition, population educational status, household characteristics and possessions, respondent and couples’ sociodemographic characteristics, and exposure to mass media. The third chapter is comprised of survey data upon fertility levels and trends, including unproductive pregnancies, birth intervals, and age at first birth, while the fourth chapter provides data upon contraceptive knowledge and use, as well as information sources upon contraception and family planning opinions and attitudes. Nuptiality and exposure to pregnancy risk are discussed in the following chapter with the presentation of data upon marital status, marital choice, consanguinity, polygamy, marital mobility, and age at first marriage. Fertility preferences and maternal-child health data are presented in the 2 following chapters. Subsequent chapters present survey results upon breastfeeding and maternal-child nutritional status, child and maternal mortality, female genital mutilation, force-feeding, STDs and HIV/AIDS, and the availability of community services. French Abstract: Les résultats sont présentés de l'Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDSM) réalisée en Mauritanie en 2000-01. Le premier chapitre présente les caractéristiques générales du pays qui portent sur sa géographie ; son histoire ; ses situations économiques, sociales, démographique, et sanitaire ; et sa politique de population. La méthodologie de l'enquête y est aussi décrite. Les caractéristiques des ménages et des enquêtés sont ensuite décrites dans les sections suivantes : la structure par sexe et âge de la population, la taille et composition des ménages, le niveau d'instruction de la population, les caractéristiques des logements et des biens possédés par les ménages, les caractéristiques socio-démographiques des enquêtés et des couples, et l'exposition aux médias. Le troisième chapitre comprend les données de l'enquête sur les niveaux et les tendances en fécondité, y compris les grossesses improductives, l'intervalle intergénésique, et l'âge à la première naissance, tandis que le quatrième chapitre offre des données sur la connaissance et l'utilisation de la contraception, ainsi que des sources d'information sur la contraception et des opinions et attitudes vis-à-vis de la planification familiale. La nuptialité et l'exposition au risque de grossesse sont discutées dans le prochain chapitre avec la présentation de données qui porte sur l'état matrimonial, le choix du mari, la consanguinité, la polygamie, le mobilité conjugale, et l'âge au premier mariage. Les préférences en matière de fécondité et des données sur la santé de la mère et de l'enfant sont présentées dans les deux prochains chapitres. Les prochains chapitres présentent les résultats de l'enquête sur l'allaitement et l'état nutritionnel des enfants et des femmes, la mortalité des enfants et la mortalité maternelle, la mutilation génitale féminine, le gavage, les infections sexuellement transmissibles et le sida, et la disponibilité des services communautaires. Language: French Keywords: MAURITANIA | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | SURVEY METHODOLOGY | HOUSEHOLDS | AGE DISTRIBUTION | SEX DISTRIBUTION | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | FERTILITY | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | FAMILY PLANNING | NUPTIALITY | MATERNAL HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | Developing Countries | Africa, Northern | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Sex Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Contraception | Health | Harmful Traditional Practices | Traditional Health Practices | Culture | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 166434 |
| 29. Title: [Transformations of marriage and the family] Les transformations du mariage et de la famille. Author: Ben Salem L; Locoh T Source: In: Population et developpement en Tunisie: la metamorphose, edited by Jacques Vallin and Therese Locoh. Tunis, Tunisia, Ceres Editions, 2001 Apr. :143-69. (UNFPA Project No. TUN/94/POA) Abstract: Marriage is a very important rite of passage among Tunisian families. Among the events marking each family’s history in the country, marriages are implicitly appreciated as a religious obligation. In Tunisian society, unmarried individuals are considered abnormal. Marriage still remains a deeply rooted tradition among social practices even if a minority of the population remains single less by choice than as a result of difficulties finding a spouse. Marriage ceremonies hold symbolic importance among families in Tunisia, involving family honor and presenting the opportunity for families to affirm their social status. If it exists, cohabitation outside of marriage is not recognized and remains illegal. This discussion of marital and familial changes is divided into the following 3 parts: union formation as family affairs or individual choice, the evolution of nuptiality, and familial changes within Tunisia. In the first part, the authors discuss the choice of spouse and marital rites, continuities, and adaptations. The second section includes parts upon changes in age at first marriage, a reasonable decrease in age gap between spouses upon marriage, marriage age and population distribution, and marital cycles. The final section then examines lifestyles among those in union with regard to residential freedom and the couple concept, family and household sizes, new types of familial relations and roles, child worth in societies moving toward lower fertility, unmarried lifestyles, and caring for the elderly. French Abstract: Le mariage figure comme un rite de passage très important aux familles tunisiennes. Des événements qui ponctuent l'histoire de chaque famille au pays, les mariages sont implicitement appréciés comme une obligation religieuse. Dans la société tunisienne, on prend le célibataire pour un être anormal. Actuellement, le mariage reste toujours une tradition très enracinée dans les pratiques sociales même si une minorité demeure célibataire moins par choix qu'à cause des difficultés à trouver un conjoint. Le mariage en Tunisie constitue un événement de signification symbolique, qui met en jeu l'honneur des familles et qui est pour elles une occasion de démontrer leur position sociale. Si elle existe, la cohabitation hors mariage n'est pas reconnue et reste interdite par la loi. Cette discussion des transformations du mariage et de la famille se divise en les trois parties suivantes : la formation des unions comme affaires de famille ou le choix des individus, l'évolution de la nuptialité, et les changements du vécu familial tunisien. Dans la première partie, les auteurs discutent le choix du conjoint et les rites de mariage, continuités, et adaptations. La deuxième section comprend des parties sur l'évolution de l'âge au premier mariage, une diminution sensible de l'écart d'âge entre les conjoints lors du mariage, l'âge au mariage et la distribution spatiale des populations, et le cycle de vie matrimonial. Ensuite, la section finale explore les modes de vie en union dans le sens de l'autonomie résidentielle et la notion de couple, la taille de la famille et du ménage, les nouvelles formes de relations familiales et les nouveaux rôles familiaux, la valeur des enfants dans une société en transition vers une fécondité réduite, la vie de célibataires, et la prise en charge des personnes âgées. Language: French Keywords: TUNISIA | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | CULTURE | NUPTIALITY | CHANGES | Africa, Northern | Africa | Developing Countries | Marriage | Social Change Document Number: 165954 |
| 30. Title: Nuptiality and risk behaviour in Lusaka and Kampala. Author: Carael M; Ali M; Cleland J Source: African Journal of Reproductive Health. 2001 Apr;5(1):83-9. Abstract: This analysis assesses the link between partnership status and the probability of having one or more causal or nonregular sexual relationships in the past 12 months, using data from sample surveys conducted in Kampala and Lusaka in 1989/90 under the auspices of the Global Programme on AIDS. Nonregular sexual relationship was found to be much more common among individuals in relatively informal primary partnerships than among married individuals, and also more common among those with multiple primary partners than among those in monogamous unions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | NUPTIALITY | RISK FACTORS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | SEX BEHAVIOR | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Biology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior Document Number: 157554 |
 |
||
 |
Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy |  |