1.  Title: Staged introduction of antiretroviral therapy into a family with multiple HIV-infected members. Author: Fielder JF; Kwatampora L Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care. 2009 Jan-Feb;8(1):68-72. Abstract: Children and families bear a significant burden of human immunodeficiency virus disease globally, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Care of severely affected families can be adversely impacted by high medication burdens and overwhelmed caregivers, who themselves may be human immunodeficiency virus infected. Family-centered care involving joint clinic days, treatment preparation, adherence counseling, and community-based follow-up may improve the care of family units. We describe the successful treatment of a single family composed of 6 infected members living in a rural African setting. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | NUCLEAR FAMILY | HIV | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | USER COMPLIANCE | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior Document Number: 331332 |
| 2. Title: Perceived paternal and maternal acceptance and children's outcomes in Colombia. Author: Lila M; García F; Gracia E Source: Social Behavior and Personality. 2007;35(1):115-124. Abstract: The relationship between perceived paternal and maternal acceptance and children's adjustment was analyzed. The sample consisted of 234 children and 234 parental figures (mother or primary female caregiver, and father or primary male caregiver) living in two-parent nuclear families in Colombia. The children's age range was 7 to 13 (M = 9.7). Children completed the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire, and the Personality Assessment Questionnaire. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist. The analyses revealed that perceived paternal and maternal acceptance were both related to self-reported children's psychological adjustment. Perceived acceptance from mothers, but not from fathers, was directly related to children's behavioral problems as reported by parents. Results suggested that the effect of perceived paternal acceptance on children's behavioral problems is indirect, and that maternal acceptance mediates the effects of paternal acceptance. (author's) Language: English Keywords: COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | CHILD | MOTHERS | FATHERS | NUCLEAR FAMILY | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | BEHAVIOR | PERSONALITY | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior Document Number: 318109 |
3.  Peer Reviewed Title: Singapore's family values: do they explain low fertility? Author: Pereira AA Source: Asia-Pacific Population Journal. 2006 Apr;21(1):65-84. Abstract: It is fairly clear that several influential individuals and senior policymakers in Singapore believe that the society's family values have been eroded, and this erosion has been a key factor in causing the decline in marriage and fertility rates. The cause of the erosion, according to the State, is "economic development", and the more recent process of globalization. This study will therefore focus on examining Singapore's family values at the turn of the millennium. More specifically, it intends to analyse and explain whether Singaporeans actually value the family (as an institution), marriage, parenthood, motherhood, childbearing, and other issues regarding the family. It posits that if Singaporeans hold pro-family views, it can be concluded that Singapore's family values are strong, and vice versa. Towards this end, this study therefore intends to identify and account for Singapore's family values at the beginning of the new millennium. Since the Government of Singapore assumes that "younger" Singaporeans appear to be facing a greater risk of value erosion (as a consequence of modernization, industrialization or globalization), it is also worth examining whether there is a difference in value system between "younger" and "older" Singaporeans. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SINGAPORE | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | NUCLEAR FAMILY | LOW FERTILITY POPULATION | VALUE ORIENTATION | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | MODERNIZATION | MARRIAGE | FAMILY SIZE, IDEAL | PERCEPTION | AGE FACTORS | SEX FACTORS | FAMILY POLICY | Developed Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Change | Nuptiality | Family Size | Population Characteristics | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors Document Number: 301997 |
| 4. Title: A new instrument (scale) for measuring the socioeconomic status of a family: preliminary study. Author: Aggarwal OP; Bhasin SK; Sharma AK; Chhabra P; Aggarwal K Source: Indian Journal of Community Medicine. 2005 Oct-Dec;30(4):[12] p.. Abstract: Research questions: Can a new scale be developed for more accurate assessment of socioeconomic status of families in India? Hypothesis: The new instrument (scale) is useful for accurate assessment of socioeconomic status of families in India. Objectives: To devsie and test a new instrument to measure socioeconomic status of families in India. Design: Cross sectional community based study. Setting: Urban, rural, resettlement colony, slum and mobile groups. Participants: Families residing in the above areas. Study tool: Filling up of information about socioeconomic status using the newly developed scale. Results: By a process of random sampling, 2095 families in the National Capital Territory of Delhi were studied to find out their SES by using this scale. It was found that 31 families (1.5%) belonged to Upper high SES, 221 (10.5%) to High, 291 (14.2%) to Upper middle, 507 (24.2%) to Lower Middle, 745 (35.6%) to Poor and 294 (14.0%) belonged to Very Poor socioeconomic category. Conclusion: The instrument serves the purpose of categorizing the families in different socio-economic strata. However, it needs to be tested in other areas to determine its validity, reliability and utility. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | QUESTIONNAIRES | NUCLEAR FAMILY | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | MEASUREMENT | INCOME | EDUCATION | OCCUPATIONS | HOUSING | FAMILY SIZE | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Human Resources | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population Document Number: 292823 |
| 5. Title: Does gender preference affect contraceptive use behavior in northern Pakistan? Author: Mussawar S; Maan AA; Cheema AM Source: Gender and Behaviour. 2005 Jun;3:281-295. Abstract: The study portrays the influence of gender preference on contraceptive use behavior in Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 613 married male respondents (15-49 years old) in five different bazaars were selected out of total fifteen bazaars through cluster sampling procedure. Both dependent (contraceptive use behavior) and independent (gender preference) variables were devised while using semantic and likert scales respectively. Dependent variable was indexed and gamma statistics was adopted for carrying out bi-variate and multi variate analysis. Majority of the respondents was found moderately consistent of contraceptive use behavior and had a clear concept of family planning. Most of the respondents belonged to joint family system; however, raising a girl was negatively and significantly (P<0.05) influenced by nuclear family system and illiterate respondents. Social and cultural raising of a girl was positively and significantly (p<0.05) influenced by literate respondents Certain recommendations like, equal status for daughters to avoid uncontrolled family size, redress of family system with respect to girls raising portraying a girl an economic asset in the form of paid job and convincing of all income group for discouragement of preferential gender treatments for policy implementations. (author's) Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY PLANNING SURVEYS | MEN | CURRENTLY MARRIED | NUCLEAR FAMILY | EXTENDED FAMILY | SEX PREFERENCE | SONS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CHILD WORTH | LITERACY | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Value Orientation | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Family Relationships | Contraception | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 318759 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Adolescents in single parent families. Author: Gill IK; Sharma D; Verma S Source: Journal of Family Welfare. 2003 Jun;49(1):10-20. Abstract: There is sufficient evidence available in western literature on mother-adolescent relationship, well-being and family life experiences of adolescents in single parent families. But there is a dearth of research in the Indian context. The present study examines the well-being, family life experiences and mother-adolescent relationship of adolescents in single parent families with reference to gender (boys/girls) and family structure (nuclear/joint). The study correlates these variables. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | ONE PARENT FAMILY | MOTHERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | NUCLEAR FAMILY | EXTENDED FAMILY | FAMILY LIFE | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | ATTITUDES | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | MENTAL HEALTH | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Parents | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Health Document Number: 187243 |
| 7. Title: The living arrangements of older adults in sub-Saharan Africa in a time of HIV / AIDS. Author: Zimmer Z; Dayton J Source: New York, New York, Population Council, 2003. 34 p. (Policy Research Division Working Paper No. 169) Abstract: The detrimental consequences of the AIDS epidemic for older adults in sub-Saharan Africa suggest the need to investigate their characteristics, living situations, and well-being. In this study, we examine the living arrangements of persons aged 60 and older in 16 countries. Data come from the household roster component of recent Demographic and Health Surveys. The focus is on the tendency of the elderly to live with children and grandchildren, and we examine distributions and determinants. Results show that older adults in sub-Saharan Africa live in a variety of household arrangements. Men are more likely to be living in a nuclear household, while women are more likely to be living in extended families. Regressions show that determinants of living with children and grandchildren differ by sex. Taking advantage of survey items on the survival and whereabouts of parents of children, we also examine whether older adults living with grandchildren are involved in fostering or orphaning situations. Those living in countries characterized by high levels of AIDS-related mortality are more likely to be living with grandchildren, with grandchildren but no children in the household, and with orphaned grandchildren. The percent living with one or more double-orphaned grandchildren is strongly associated with AIDS-related mortality, suggesting that the epidemic may be having adverse influences on the living situations of older adults. Knowing about the types of households in which older people live is a first step to understanding their needs in a part of the world with limited resources. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | DATA ANALYSIS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | ADULTS | OLDER ADULTS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | HOUSEHOLDS | NUCLEAR FAMILY | EXTENDED FAMILY | SEX PREFERENCE | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Youth | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Family and Household | Family Characteristics | Value Orientation | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 181760 |
| 8. Title: [The nuclear family and the acceptance of relatives into urban households in Gabon] Famille nucleaire et accueil de parents dans les menages urbains au Gabon. Author: Rapoport B Source: Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie. 2002 Spring;31(1):151-182. Abstract: The author uses a 1994 budget and consumption survey to analyze the phenomenon of the acceptance of relatives into African households in Libreville and Port-Gentil, Gabon. He shows that the population is grouped into relatively large households, generally organized around a single source of income, and that complex structures are very rare. The nuclear family cell represents only three quarters of the members of the household, but the household is only extended to brothers, sisters and their children, who are all generally younger than the head of the household. Younger accepted members of the household usually go to school, and the older ones often do not work. A multivariate analysis indicates that it is mainly the observable characteristics of the head of the household, the nuclear household and the housing that determine the acceptance of other members and that, once these factors are taken into account, income either has no effect or has a negative effect on the decision to accept relatives and on the number of relatives accepted. French Abstract: Pour analyser le phénomène d'accueil de parents dans les ménages africains librevillois et port-gentillais (Gabon), nous utilisons ici une enquête budget et consommation réalisée en 1994. Nous montrons que la population se regroupe en ménages de taille relativement importante, habituellement construits autour d'une seule source de revenu, et que les structures complexes sont très rares. La cellule familiale nucléaire ne représente que les trois quarts des membres du ménage, mais le ménage n'est élargi qu'aux frères, aux sœurs et à leurs enfants. Ces accueillis sont généralement moins âgés que le chef de ménage. Les jeunes accueillis sont généralement scolarisés, et les plus âgés sont souvent inactifs. Une analyse multivariée indique que ce sont essentiellement les caractéristiques observables du chef de ménage, du ménage nucléaire et du logement qui déterminent l'accueil et que, une fois ces facteurs pris en compte, le revenu, soit n'a plus d'effet, soit a un effet négatif, sur la décision d'accueil et le nombre de parents hébergés. (de l'auteur) Language: French Keywords: GABON | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | NUCLEAR FAMILY | PARENTS | INCOME | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Family Relationships | Economic Factors Document Number: 177231 |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: The economic boundaries of kinship in Cote d'Ivoire. [Limites économiques de la parenté en Côte d'Ivoire] Author: Stecklov G Source: Population Research and Policy Review. 2002 Aug;21(4):351-375. Abstract: The purpose of this article is to explore the patterns of economic support between kin in Cote d'Ivoire. The nuclear family has been dismissed as a meaningful unit within the corporate extended kinship structure of West Africa. Furthermore, extended kinship has been seen as an important support for high fertility since the costs of childbearing are shared within a wider kinship group and not fully absorbed by the biological parents. Extended kinship patterns are also thought to greatly facilitate informal insurance markets. However, data on economic transfers between in kin in Cote d'Ivoire show a surprising but clear picture: kinship support in Cote d'Ivoire is primarily focused on close kin (parents, children and siblings). This pattern of kinship nucleation appears to intensify for richer households, despite controls for education, residency, nationality, and household size. The limited, cross-sectional perspective suggests that development is not working so much within the existing family structure but rather is operating transform the ties between kin. (author's) French Abstract: Cet article se propose d'explorer les modèles de soutien économique entre parents en Côte d'Ivoire. La famille nucléaire a été révoquée en tant qu'unité significative au sein de la structure de parenté éloignée générale de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Qui plus est, la parenté éloignée est considérée comme un soutien important à la fertilité élevée, étant donné que les frais liés à la procréation sont partagés au sein d'un groupe parental plus large, et non complètement absorbés par les parents biologiques. Les modèles de parenté éloignée ont également la vocation de faciliter énormément les marchés d'assurance non formels. Un tableau surprenant mais clair se dégage toutefois des données sur des transferts économiques entre parents en Côte d'Ivoire : Le soutien à la parenté en Côte d'Ivoire est principalement axé sur les parents proches (parents, enfants, et frères et sœurs). Ce modèle de nucléation de la parenté semble s'intensifier pour les ménages plus riches, malgré des contrôles en matière d'éducation, de résidence, de nationalité, et de taille de ménages. La perspective transversale limitée conduit à penser que le développement ne marche pas si bien au sein de la structure familiale existante, mais qu'il est plutôt en train de transformer les liens entre les parents. (de l'auteur) Language: English Keywords: CHILD | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | COTE D'IVOIRE | KINSHIP NETWORKS | NUCLEAR FAMILY | PARENTS | RESEARCH REPORT | SIBLINGS | SURVEYS | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Family and Household | Family Characteristics | Family Relationships | Sampling Studies | Studies Document Number: 171101 |
| 10. Title: Problems of career related decisions among children in nuclear families: a comparative study of Goregaon and B.A.R.C. area, Mumbai. Author: Agarwal N Source: Mumbai, India, International Institute for Population Sciences, 2001 Jan 18. [11] p. Abstract: Every individual has aspirations in life, and he/she struggles all his life to achieve them. As he/she starts reaching an age of stability, and finds that some of these aspirations remain unfulfilled, he/she wishes that his children should fulfill them. Hence, most of the career-related decisions of children in a family are inspired by what the parents want, especially the decision maker in the family, not realizing that his kin has a talent in a totally unrelated field which if nurtured properly, can give the child a successful and satisfying life. However, the child still gets the attention of the parent(s) with proper feedback and support during his vulnerable years of life. There are also families in which the parents are too involved in building their own career or are very busy with their own lives and cannot give the necessary time and attention towards the education of their children. The present study is initiated on the assumption that most teenagers, while making their crucial career decisions, find themselves in a confused state as to the choice of subject/vocation they should opt for, or their choices are influenced by the parent's decisions. Hence, this study finds out the influences/problems faced by children while making their crucial career decisions and also the attitude of parents towards them. In order to have a better perspective of the study, two suburban areas of Mumbai City are chosen; one the Goregaon residential area predominant of upper middle class population, and second is BARC residential area mainly having intellectuals and scientist. This will give the authors the flexibility in comparison as to the change in attitude of parents towards their child's education and also socioeconomic influences on such decisions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | INTERVIEWS | CHILD | DECISION MAKING | NUCLEAR FAMILY | PARENTS | ATTITUDES | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Psychological Factors Document Number: 169143 |
| 11. Title: [Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of sexual abuse in childhood] Lineamientos para el diagnostico y tratamiento del abuso sexual en la infancia. Author: Berkowitz CD; Bross DC; Chadwick DL; Whitworth JM Source: New York, New York, International Planned Parenthood Federation [IPPF], Western Hemisphere Region [WHR], 2001. 46 p. Abstract: Health care providers may not feel qualified enough to examine a sexually abused child. In general, the needs of these children require special training that goes beyond the general medical training programs. Initially, attention must be focused on orientation, channeling or pediatric consultation to determine the best way to ensure an adequate intervention without obstructing the collection of crucial evidence. Using a multidisciplinary approach is essential in cases of child sexual abuse. The obligatory participation of social services agencies and legal institutions, the need of frequent consultations with experts in the field of sexual abuse and the absolute necessity of a therapeutic intervention for the child and the family present a good example. Therefore, it is imperative that disciplines other than medicine contribute to the diagnosis and the development of management plans for affected families. A multidisciplinary team must include physicians, legal, mental health and social services professionals, who can assess and review cases, as well as primary care workers. In many communities there are active groups for the protection of minors, and in some North American states they are required by law. If no multidisciplinary team exists, healthcare providers must use all the means available to create one. (excerpt) Spanish Abstract: Es posible que el proveedor de salud se sienta poco capacitado para examinar a un niño abusado sexualmente. En general, las necesidades de estos niños requieren de un entrenamiento especial que va más allá del que se ofrece en los entrenamientos médicos comunes. Al principio, la atención se debe centrar en una posible orientación, canalización o consulta pediátrica para determinar cuál es la mejor forma de asegurar una intervención adecuada sin obstruir la obtención de evidencia crucial. Valerse de un enfoque multidisciplinario es esencial en los casos de abuso sexual infantil. La participación obligatoria de las agencias de servicio social y de instancias legales, la necesidad de consultas frecuentes con expertos en el campo del abuso sexual y la necesidad absoluta de una intervención terapéutica para el niño y su familia, son un ejemplo de esto. Por lo tanto, es necesario que otras disciplinas además de la medicina contribuyan al diagnóstico y desarrollo de planes de manejo para las familias afectadas. Un equipo multidisciplinario debe incluir lo mismo a médicos y profesionales en el campo legal, de salud mental y de servicios sociales que ofrezcan asesoría y revisión de casos que a trabajadores del área de atención primaria. En muchas comunidades existen equipos de protección al menor que trabajan activamente, y en algunos estados norteamericanos, éstos son obligatorios por ley. Si no se cuenta con un equipo multidisciplinario, el proveedor de salud debe hacer todo lo que esté a su alcance para crearlo. (extracto) Language: Spanish Keywords: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | CHILD | HEALTH PERSONNEL | NUCLEAR FAMILY | CHILD ABUSE | SEXUAL ABUSE | TRAINING PROGRAMS | INTERVENTIONS | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | FAMILY LIFE | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Crime | Social Problems | Education | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 179949 |
| 12. Title: Household size and composition in the developing world. Author: Bongaarts J Source: New York, New York, Population Council, 2001. 35 p. (Policy Research Division Working Papers No. 144) Abstract: This study uses data from recent household surveys in 43 developing countries to describe the main dimensions of household size and composition in the developing world. Average household size varies only modestly among regions, ranging from 5.6 in the Near East/North Africa to 4.8 in Latin America. These averages are similar to levels observed in the second half of the 19th century in Europe and North America. About 4 out of 5 members of the household are part of the nuclear family of the head of the household. Household size is found to be positively associated with the level of fertility and the mean age at marriage, and inversely associated with the level of marital disruption. An analysis of trends and differentials in household size suggests that convergence to smaller and predominantly nuclear households is proceeding slowly in contemporary developing countries. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | FERTILITY | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | NUCLEAR FAMILY | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | MARRIAGE AGE | SEPARATION | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Economic Factors | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality Document Number: 156600 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Household size and composition in the developing world in the 1990s. Author: Bongaarts J Source: Population Studies. 2001 Nov;55(3):263-79. Abstract: This study uses data from recent household surveys in 43 developing countries to describe the main dimensions of household size and composition in the developing world. Average household size varies only modestly among regions, ranging from 5.6 in the Near East/North Africa to 4.8 in Latin America. These averages are similar to levels observed in the second half of the 19th century in Europe and North America. About 4 out of 5 members of the household are part of the nuclear family of the head of the household. Household size is found to be positively associated with the level of fertility and the mean age at marriage, and inversely associated with the level of marital disruption. An analysis of trends and differentials in household size suggests that convergence to smaller and predominantly nuclear households is proceeding slowly in contemporary developing countries. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | FERTILITY | FAMILY SIZE | NUCLEAR FAMILY | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household Document Number: 163418 |
| 14. Title: [The dynamic development of Taiwanese families: structural fission and expansion] Author: Chien WY; Yi CC Source: Journal of Population Studies. 2001 Dec;(23):1-47. Abstract: Changes in the family structure have been a focal interest among social scientists in Taiwan. However, most studies rarely pay attention to the dynamic process of structural fission as well as expansion within the family system itself. This paper examines 924 married Taiwanese women's living arrangement experiences in several consecutive life stages and intends to delineate the internal split and reuniting processes within the family structure. Findings show that as expected, the nuclear family is the most dominant and tenacious family structure, but the transition from the nuclear to stem family often results from the inclusion of married son(s) and daughter(s)-in-law. In other words, the emergence of the stem family's development is a product of expansion of the second generation from single to married status, and is thus labeled the horizontal stem family. An opposite trend simultaneously occurring is the stem and extended families of the first generation that continue to divide into various nuclear families. During the stages from a female's birth to right before marriage, the most common living arrangement experiences are: always nuclear family (31.5%), always stem family (11.3%), divided from the first generation stem family to the nuclear family (12.9%), and expanded from the nuclear family to the horizontal stem family (8.8%). After a female becomes married through up until the youngest child enters elementary school, the nuclear family remains as the strongest family structure while the paternal stem and extended families gradually split into other types…The paper concludes that the dynamic process of family fission and family expansion requires further examination in order to specify how structural changes in the family system may shape and influence familial attitudes and values. (author's, modified) NOTE: THE FULL-TEXT ARTICLE IS IN CHINESE. Language: Chinese Keywords: TAIWAN | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | NUCLEAR FAMILY | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | WOMEN | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Demographic Factors Document Number: 167775 |
| 15. Title: Differentials in family structure and its association with reproductive and child health. A study based on NFHS-2 data of Andhra Pradesh. Author: Guntupalli AM Source: Mumbai, India, International Institute for Population Sciences, 2001 Apr. 30 p. Abstract: Family is the basic unit of social organization. Joint family in India is one of the fundamental institutions of Indian society as it is suitable for agrarian system. With the increase in industrialization and urbanization, nuclearization of joint families has started. In the context of changing family structure, this study tries to find out some important aspects of family structure. Source of data for this study is National Family Health Survey-2 and the present study is based on Andhra Pradesh. This study tries to understand family structure of Andhra Pradesh along with distribution of women by family type and by some selected socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Transition in family structure from joint to nuclear was studied by considering age of women and number of children ever born. Maternity and immunization indices were prepared and the impact of family on them was studied. Nuclear family is numerically dominant and there is a change in family type from joint to nuclear by increase in age of women and by increase in order of births. Most of the women from joint family are currently using contraceptive methods. Logistic regression analysis also supports this. There is no affect of family on maternity care and child health. This can be because of affect of programs that are implemented vigorously in Andhra Pradesh. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | HEALTH SURVEYS | CLASSIFICATION | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | NUCLEAR FAMILY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES | IMMUNIZATION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Health | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 169321 |
| 16. Title: [Biographies of three generations in Antananarivo. Initial results from the BIOMAD98 survey] Biographies de trois generations dans l'agglomeration d'Antananarivo. Premiers resultats de l'enquete BIOMAD98. Author: Antoine P; Bocquier P; Razafindratsima N; Roubaud F Source: Paris, France, Centre Francais sur la Population et le Developpement [CEPED], 2000 Dec. xiv, 141 p. (Documents et Manuels du CEPED No. 11) Abstract: The professional, residential, and familial aspects of 3 generations of Antananarivo residents is retraced, with major changes noted. The level of formal schooling has risen over time especially among young girls, while overall school participation has become increasingly the norm in the city. Comparatively more women from younger generations are participating in the labor market, with no indication of rising overall unemployment levels. Marital patterns are beginning to change in the city, with first marriage age rising partly due to young girls’ longer schooling and partner unions beginning increasingly outside of marriage. Urban fertility levels are also falling especially due to mothers’ older age at first birth and growing intervals between births. Antananarivo experiences rather steady immigration flows, with emigrants arriving mainly from areas near the city. During the past 30 years, population distribution in Antananarivo by residence type has changed little, housing quality remains the same, and living habits have hardly evolved. The family unit has remained intact despite ongoing economic problems over the past 3 decades. This latter finding goes against the notion that economic crisis leads to social collapse. To the contrary, most indicators examined in this study confirm a stable return to small, nuclear families in Antananarivo. French Abstract: La vie de trois générations d’habitants d’Antananarivo est retracée dans ses composantes professionnelles, résidentielles, et familiales. Des changements majeurs sont notés. La scolarisation progresse surtout chez les jeunes filles, tandis que la scolarisation en général tend à se généraliser dans la ville. Les femmes des jeunes générations participent en plus grand nombre au marché de travail en même temps que le chômage ne progresse pas. Il existe un début de transition de la nuptialité à Antananarivo, avec l’âge au premier mariage qui se recule en partie à cause de la prolongation des études des jeunes filles et les unions qui débutent de plus en plus souvent sous la forme d’union libre. On voit aussi un recul important de la fécondité en ville surtout à cause d’un retard de l’âge à la première naissance et d’un accroissement de l’intervalle entre naissances successives. L’immigration à Antananarivo est relativement constante, avec ceux qui émigrent provenant pour la plupart des environs de la ville. Au cours des trente dernières années, la répartition de la population par type d’habitat à Antananarivo se modifie peu, la qualité des logements ne progresse pas, et les pratiques résidentielles n’évoluent guère. La cellule familiale n’a pas éclaté malgré les problèmes économiques qui prévalent à la ville depuis trente ans. Cette dernière observation va à l’encontre de l’opinion qui constate que la crise économique entraîne une déstructuration sociale. Au contraire, la plupart des indicateurs examinés dans cette étude confirment un repli sur la famille mononucléaire de taille réduite et sur une grande stabilité de celle-ci au cours du temps. Language: French Keywords: MADAGASCAR | RESEARCH REPORT | URBAN POPULATION | SOCIAL CHANGE | GENERATIONS | SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | EMPLOYMENT | WOMEN | EMPLOYMENT STATUS | MARRIAGE POSTPONEMENT | MARRIAGE AGE | FERTILITY DECLINE | RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION | RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS | NUCLEAR FAMILY | CHANGES | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Marriage | Nuptiality | Marriage Patterns | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Migration | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors Document Number: 165653 |
| 17. Title: Household type and the demographic transition. Author: Berry BJ Source: POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT. 2000 Jan;21(3):281-93. Abstract: Demographic transition theorists postulated a post-transition steady state predicated on the nuclear family. This study examined the following: 1) whether, controlling for differences and changes in the level of economic development, there were differences in fertility and mortality rates among nations with different family types; 2) whether nations with different family types responded differently to changing levels of development. This study revealed that other family types--community and anomic/polygynous--will, if they persist, produce different steady states at higher levels of infant mortality and fertility. Only if family type changes as countries modernize will the transition theorists post-transition steady state be achieved. Modernization would be insufficient to produce the UN-postulated equilibrium without simultaneous transition to the nuclear family type, but with such family-type convergence fertility rates would decline to the level (2.1 births/woman) needed for replacement. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | FERTILITY | INFANT MORTALITY | COMMUNITY | EXTENDED FAMILY | NUCLEAR FAMILY | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Mortality | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Family Characteristics | Family and Household Document Number: 149663 |
| 18. Title: The Muslim family: predicament and promise. Author: Dhami S; Sheikh A Source: Western Journal of Medicine. 2000 Nov;173(5):352-356. Abstract: We live in an era in which the nature, function, and structure of the family have been thrown into question. Many, for example, would consider an unmarried couple, a single mother, and homosexual couples as equally legitimate expressions of the family unit. Islam takes a more conservative stance, arguing that the family is a divinely inspired institution, with marriage at its core. In this article, we explore what the family means for Muslims living in minority communities in the West. Our aim is not to be prescriptive, but rather to provide clinicians with key insights needed to allow their Muslim patients' concerns to be adequately heard. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | EXTENDED FAMILY | NUCLEAR FAMILY | ISLAM | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | FAMILY POLICY | FAMILY LIFE | FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | FAMILY SIZE, COMPLETED | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Sociocultural Factors | Family Characteristics | Religion | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Harmful Traditional Practices | Traditional Health Practices | Culture | Marriage | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Family Size | Health Document Number: 309853 |
| 19. Title: [Problems of variety: pluralism of family life styles in Hungary] A sokfeleseg zavara: a csaladi eletformak pluralizacioja magyarorszagon. Author: Somlai P Source: DEMOGRAFIA. 1999;42(1-2):38-47. Abstract: In recent decades increasingly diverse forms of living together in families have evolved in developed countries. Starting from the end of the 1960s in Great Britain, family reconstruction studies relying on marriage certificates and other sources debunked the theory of the patriarchal extended family with many generations living together. It turned out that the two-generation family and nuclear family models were not the consequence of industrialization, but had developed earlier and spread in western Europe. In addition, there have always been several family models, but also their pluralization manifests new trends. There has been a declining trend in marriages owing to alternative ways of living together. In developed societies the change of gender roles has also been noted, mainly as a result of increasing numbers of women studying and entering the labor market. In addition, mainly since the 1960s there has been a fundamental change in sex behavior and norms after the widespread use of modern contraceptives. Along with the decrease of marriages the number of people who were living in consensual union has been increasing. The so-called normal life course (childhood, active adulthood, and retirement) has changed into a modified life course. Both starting a family and choosing a carrier have been extended in time. Modifications have occurred even in post-parental elderly age. In 1949 there were 11.7 marriages and 1.4 divorces for 1000 people in Hungary compared to 4.6 marriages and 2.4 divorces in 1997. These changes could be attributed to social and cultural transformations in recent decades. The relationships within families constitute a special microcosm with its normative and symbolical system that also contains open or suppressed conflicts. It can also manifest itself as an aberration of intra-family relationships in domestic violence and child abuse. Language: Hungarian Keywords: HUNGARY | FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS | NUCLEAR FAMILY | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONSENSUAL UNION | LIFE CYCLE | CHANGES | Developing Countries | Europe, Central | Europe | Family and Household | Marriage | Nuptiality | Behavior | Family Research | Social Change Document Number: 152459 |
| 20. Title: An exploratory study of Korean fathering of adolescent children. Author: Yang JA Source: JOURNAL OF GENETIC PSYCHOLOGY. 1999 Mar;160(1):55-68. Abstract: This 1996 exploratory study uses an ecological model (Bronfenbrenner, 1989; DeLuccie, 1995; Belsky, 1984; and Barnett and Baruch, 1987) to assess variation in fathering styles among adolescents in Seoul, Korea. It examines determinants of fathers' involvement (task share, frequency of father involvement, and warmth). Data are obtained from a sample of 129 Korean families who had children aged 11-14 years in one of three middle schools. 66 families had low socioeconomic status (SES). Fathers' mean age was 41.8 years. 73% had two children. 13.2% of fathers had graduated from middle school. 41.1% had graduated from high school. 40.3% had attended some college. 25.7% of low SES fathers had attended college. Analysis of variance indicated that there was no significant effect of the three measures by child gender. Warmth of fathering and task share of father involvement varied by SES. Low SES fathers showed less warmth and shared significantly more tasks. Paternal support given to the mother was the strongest predictor of warmth of fathering. 42% of variance in frequency of father involvement was explained by warmth of mothering and paternal support. Task share was explained by maternal education, father's education, frequency of mother involvement, and SES. Language: English Keywords: KOREA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | MEN | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | FATHERS | NUCLEAR FAMILY | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Economic Factors Document Number: 142362 |
| 21. Title: Family structure and change in rural Bangladesh. Author: Amin S Source: POPULATION STUDIES. 1998 Jul;52(2):201-13. Abstract: "This analysis uses data from an intensive village study to investigate whether rising landlessness leads to increasing fragmentation and nucleation of families in rural Bangladesh. It was found that, even after rapid fertility decline, the elderly and women continue to rely extensively on family support. Although landlessness puts stress on intergenerational relations, a favourably low dependency ratio (elders to sons), brought about by the child-mortality decline of the 1950s and 1960s, has allowed the burden to be spread over larger numbers of sons than were previously available. A persistence of traditional living arrangements, in which sons form their own households in the homesteads of their fathers, also contributes to retarding the process of family disintegration that is likely to be caused when farm size decreases and the role of the farm economy in a traditional peasant society diminishes." (EXCERPT) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | NUCLEAR FAMILY | FERTILITY DECLINE | OLDER ADULTS | LAND SUPPLY | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | DEPENDENCY BURDEN | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | MORTALITY DECLINE | SONS | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | AGRICULTURE | ECONOMIC FACTORS | SOCIAL CHANGE | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Family Characteristics | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Natural Resources | Environment | Microeconomic Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Mortality | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 171061 |
| 22. Title: [A decomposition of household status transition of Japanese elderly] Author: Hirosima K Source: JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS. 1998;24(3):1-41. Abstract: "The living arrangements of the Japanese elderly have been steadily shifting from multigenerational...to spouse-oriented.... Accordingly, more and more elderly live in solitary households and institutions in their later life.... We devised a method using macro-data [from] the census to decompose net transitions among household types of the elderly into two: one accompanied by marital status change and the other not accompanied by it. We analyzed the cohort change of household status of the Japanese elderly for the periods 1975-80, 1980-85, and 1985-90 using the Population Census of Japan and life tables by marital status...." (EXCERPT) (SUMMARY IN ENG) Language: Japanese Keywords: JAPAN | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | OLDER ADULTS | EXTENDED FAMILY | NUCLEAR FAMILY | HOUSEHOLDS | MARITAL STATUS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Nuptiality Document Number: 257013 |
| 23. Title: Housing conditions of nuclear and extended households in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale area. Author: Murray MS Source: POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT. 1998 Sep;20(1):55-76. Abstract: "This paper examines the nature, proportion and housing condition of nuclear and extended households in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale [Florida] area. The study also investigates how the incidence and housing situation of extended households has changed during the period from 1986 to 1990. This study illustrates that extended families in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale area are not uniformly worse off than nuclear families, given ethnicity and income level. While the area's housing problems require attention, some of that attention should be focused on removing institutional barriers to household extension and to providing broader housing choices for minority ethnic groups." (EXCERPT) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | FLORIDA | HOUSEHOLDS | HOUSING | EXTENDED FAMILY | FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS | NUCLEAR FAMILY | MINORITY GROUPS | ETHNIC GROUPS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Family and Household | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Cultural Background Document Number: 255922 |
| 24. Title: [Poverty and family characteristics in three African cities: Yaounde, Abidjan, and Dakar] Pauvrete et structures familiales dans trois metropoles africaines: Yaounde, Abidjan et Dakar. Author: Wakam J; Rwenge M; Kuepie M Source: UNIVERSITES FRANCOPHONES, ACTUALITE SCIENTIFIQUE. 1998;:167-82. Abstract: The relationship between poverty and the trend toward the nuclear family norm in the African urban environment is examined using 1980s census data for Yaounde (Cameroon), Abidjan (Ivory Coast), and Dakar (Senegal). The results suggest that poverty tends to accelerate the trend toward nuclearization of the family, although the desire to maintain extended family links remains powerful and such links are continued if economic resources permit. (ANNOTATION) Language: French Keywords: SENEGAL | CAMEROON | COTE D'IVOIRE | URBAN POPULATION | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS | NUCLEAR FAMILY | EXTENDED FAMILY | POVERTY | ECONOMIC FACTORS | KINSHIP NETWORKS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 256664 |
| 25. Title: [Coresidence patterns and intergenerational relations in Viet Nam] Modes de cohabitation et liens intergenerationnels au Vietnam. Author: Belanger D Source: CAHIERS QUEBECOIS DE DEMOGRAPHIE. 1997 Autumn;26(2):215-45, 340. Abstract: "This paper studies the Vietnamese family by exploring family structures. A brief analysis of historical data from the colonial period is followed by a more detailed examination of data from the World Bank Living Standards Study 1992-93 including data on 4,800 households. In addition to presenting the first nationwide findings on the makeup of Vietnamese households, the paper analyzes the data from an individual viewpoint.... Overall, the findings show the complexity of the family environment, the importance of intergenerational relations and the lack of a significant increase in the nuclear family in Vietnam." (EXCERPT) (SUMMARY IN ENG) Language: French Keywords: VIETNAM | FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS | HOUSEHOLDS | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | NUCLEAR FAMILY | KINSHIP NETWORKS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Family and Household | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population Document Number: 255454 |
| 26. Title: Wealth flow and fertility decline in rural Kenya, 1981-92: a reassessment of the evidence. Author: Dow TE Jr; Kekovole J; Archer LH Source: African Journal of Reproductive Health. 1997 Sep;1(2):41-66. Abstract: As part of an attempt to explain the unanticipated fertility decline that occurred in Kenya between the early 1980s and the early 1990s, the results of two identical sample surveys administered to comparable samples of male heads of rural households under age 55 in 1981 (involving 825 men) and 1992 (871 men and 720 of their wives) were reanalyzed. Results of the 1981 survey had suggested that economic and emotional nucleation had not yet attained a level sufficient to reduce fertility (following Caldwell's intergenerational wealth flow theory). In 1992, desired and observed fertility had declined significantly although nucleation levels remained the same. Because bivariate analysis disclosed minimal explanation of the fertility decline, multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the impact of the wealth flow and emotional nucleation variables on desired fertility when other socioeconomic variables were controlled. The analytical framework was based on Caldwell's theory with desired number of children as the dependent variable and the independent variables including lineal and lateral wealth flows and emotional nucleation factors as well as ideational and structural variables thought to affect fertility behavior at the individual, household, extended family, and community levels. It was found that the respondent's level of education, husband's approval of use of contraception, spousal agreement of number of desired children, and number of living children were the most important and consistent determinants of desired number of children reported by men in 1981 and 1992 and by wives in 1992. The independent contribution of wealth flow and emotional nucleation variables was only 7-10% in 1981 and 10-18% in 1992. To adequately tap the dynamic forces behind the decline in achieved and desired fertility, future research will include qualitative data gained from panel group discussions. Additional reflections on this situation in light of Kenya's history and recent data lead to the conclusion that fertility will likely continue to decline in Kenya. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | STATISTICAL STUDIES | DATA ANALYSIS | QUESTIONNAIRES | RURAL POPULATION | INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSFERS | EMOTIONS | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | NUCLEAR FAMILY | SOCIAL CHANGE | FERTILITY DECLINE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | COLONIALISM | MEN | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Microeconomic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Family Characteristics | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Size | Political Systems Document Number: 129641 |
| 27. Title: Welfare and the family size decision of low-income, two-parent families. Author: Gensler H Source: APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS. 1997 Oct;4(10):607-10. Abstract: This study determines the increase in family size given an increase in the per child welfare benefit for a family with children in the US. The family size decision was modeled as a discrete choice decision. Data were obtained from the 1980-91 March Current Population Surveys of the US Census Bureau on 13,516 low-income, nonmilitary, non-farm, two-parent families with at least one dependent child. Low income was any amount under twice the official poverty level. Parents were limited to ages 18-40 years. Alaska and Hawaii were excluded. The data sets for 1979-90 were pooled. The sample included 10% Blacks and 27% receiving some amount of welfare. Average ages were 28.9 years for mothers and 30.8 years for fathers. The average number of children was 2.43. Findings from the ordered probit model indicate that education had a negative impact on family size, and age and race had positive impacts. Wages did not have a significant effect. The state unemployment rate and the average state income had negative effects. Unearned income had a small but significant effect on family size. The marginal welfare benefit had a positive impact. Findings reinforce the wealth hypothesis, that wealthier societies have smaller family sizes. Family size declines with increases in wages and education, which reflect increases in opportunity costs for time. Family size increases with age, as rearing children is labor-intensive. Family size increases with unearned income and welfare benefits that make childbearing affordable. It is argued that poor people in developed societies behave more consistently like poor people in developing countries. A 100% increase in the per child welfare benefit resulted in a 2% increase in the number of children. The policy implication is that a considerable increase in welfare benefits will have only trivial behavioral impacts for the poor on family size decisions. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | FAMILY SIZE | PUBLIC ASSISTANCE | LOW INCOME POPULATION | NUCLEAR FAMILY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Government Financing | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 129549 |
| 28. Title: Two child family norms in rural India: problems and prospects. Author: Reddy MM Source: New Delhi, India, Kanishka Publishers, 1997. xvii, 266 p. Abstract: This study examines the prospects for achieving the 2-child family norm in six suburban villages of Changragiri Taluk in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh, India. Data were obtained from a sample of 400 couples stratified by contraceptive and noncontraceptive status, and by forward or backward caste status. This study was carried out in the first half of the 1980s. The aim was to explain contraceptive use by the number of living children by sex as the intervening variable, and by various socioeconomic, demographic, and psychological factors. Chapter 1 discusses the population problem in India, the need for family planning (FP), and the influence of male sex preference on contraceptive use and family size (FS). Chapter 2 reviews the literature on variations in FS and contraceptive acceptance by residence, values attached to children, discrimination of the sexes, and sex preference and its role in FP and FS. Chapter 3 explains the methodology. Chapter 4 describes the general characteristics of the six villages and social changes and modernizations taking place. Chapter 5 describes the socioeconomic characteristics and FP behavior of the couples. Chapter 6 describes the demographic characteristics and FP behavior by maternal age, duration of marriage, and infant mortality. Chapter 7 examines nonacceptance of contraception, the expectations for additional children, and couple's views on future FP. Chapter 8 provides case studies of families undergoing a fertility transition. Chapter 9 discusses the feasibility of adopting a 2-child family norm in rural India. Findings indicate that most rural couples were in favor of accepting FP with one or two living children. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | SURVEYS | RURAL POPULATION | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | CULTURE | FAMILY SIZE | NUCLEAR FAMILY | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE DETERMINANTS | SEX PREFERENCE | MODERNIZATION | SEX FACTORS | THEORETICAL MODELS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Population Characteristics | Population | Economic Factors | Behavior | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Value Orientation | Psychological Factors | Social Change Document Number: 131278 |
| 29. Title: [Socioeconomic differentiation and family structures in Cameroon] Differenciation socio-economique et structures familiales au Cameroun. Author: Wakam J Source: In: Menages et familles en Afrique: approches des dynamiques contemporaines. Seminaire CEPED-ENSEA-INS-ORSTOM-URD, Lome, 4-8 decembre 1995, [compiled by] Marc Pilon, Therese Locoh, Emilien Vignikin, Patrice Vimard. Paris, France, Centre Francais sur la Population et le Developpement [CEPED], 1997. :257-77. (Les Etudes du CEPED No. 15) Abstract: Data from the 10% sample of the 1987 census were the basis for this examination of the influence of socioeconomic development on family structure in Cameroon. Despite the widespread belief that "modernization" will inevitably lead to universal convergence of family structure toward the Western nuclear model, the evidence from Cameroon suggests that nuclear family forms are more common in rural and impoverished than in urban strata. The study examines household types in four strata: the cities of Yaounde and Douala, other urban areas, and rural areas. Household structure, viewed (in the absence of more adequate data) as the reflection of family structure, was examined through the four variables of size, type, presence of nonnuclear relatives, and number of nonnuclear relatives. Urbanization, education, employment and occupation, living standard, and available living space were the indicators of socioeconomic development. Multiple classification analysis was used to assess the power of socioeconomic factors to predict and explain the size and nuclear structure of households. The results in all strata demonstrated a highly significant positive correlation between socioeconomic factors and household size. Living space as measured by the number of rooms available was the socioeconomic variable with the most predictive and explanatory power. In all strata, the largest households, after standardization for age of the household head, were those of the elite. A strong but negative association of socioeconomic factors and nuclear household structure was also apparent in several models that included the five indicators of development and three control variables (place of birth, marital status, and type of household). The bivariate and multivariate analyses do not support the thesis that African households were traditionally extended households. In Cameroon, at least, most rural households are nuclear. At the national level, 55% of family households are nuclear. Urbanization is negatively related to nuclear household structure, both nationally and within each province. French Abstract: Les données de l'échantillon de 10% du recensement de 1987 étaient à la base de cette examination de l'influence du développement socioéconomique sur la structure de la famille au Cameroun. Malgré la conviction répandue que la modernisation produira une convergence universelle de la structure de la famille envers le modèle nucléaire de l'Ouest, l'évidence du Cameroun suggère que les structures familiales nucléaires sont plus communes dans les milieux ruraux et pauvres que dans les milieux urbains. L'étude examine les structures familiales aux villes de Yaoundé et Douala, d'autres villes, et dans les milieux ruraux. La structure familiale, vue dans l'absence de meilleure information comme le reflet de la structure familiale, a été examinée à travers les variables de taille, de genre, de la présence des parents non nucléaires, et le nombre de parents non nucléaires. L'urbanisation, l'éducation, l'emploi et l'occupation, le niveau de vie, et l'espace disponible dans laquelle habiter ont été utilisés pour indiquer le niveau de développement socioéconomique. L'analyse de classification multiple a été employée pour mesurer la capacité des facteurs socioéconomiques prévoir et expliquer la taille et la structure nucléaire des familles. Les résultats dans tous les étages ont démontré une corrélation positive très significative entre les facteurs socioéconomiques et la taille de la famille. L'espace dans laquelle habiter comme mesurée par le nombre de salles disponibles était le facteur socioéconomique avec le plus de pouvoir prophétique et explicatif. Dans tous les étages, les plus grandes familles, après avoir adjusté pour l'âge du chef de la famille, faisaient parti de l'élite. On a vu aussi une association forte négative entre les facteurs socioéconomiques et la structure familiale nucléaire dans quelques modèles qui ont compris les cinq indices de développement et trois variables de contrôle (le lieu de naissance, le status marital, et le genre de famille). Les analyses bivariées et multivariées ne supporte pas la thèse que les familles africaines étaient traditionnellement étendues. Au Cameroun, au moins, la plupart des familles rurales sont nucléaires. Au niveau national, 55% des familles sont nucléaires. L'urbanisation est négativement liée à la nucléarisation des familles, tous les deux au niveau national et à l'intérieur de chaque province. Language: French Keywords: CAMEROON | AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | NUCLEAR FAMILY | EXTENDED FAMILY | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | RURAL POPULATION | URBAN POPULATION | Africa, Western | Africa | Developing Countries | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 128505 |
| 30. Title: [The family in Morocco. The networks of family solidarity] Famille au Maroc. Les reseaux de solidarite familiale. Author: Morocco. Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Demographiques [CERED] Source: Rabat, Morocco, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Demographiques [CERED], 1996. 341 p. (Etudes Demographiques) Abstract: This report, based primarily on data from the 1995 National Survey on the Family, is concerned with the current status of the family in Morocco. The first section uses both census and survey data to review recent trends in the structure of families and households, and examines the characteristics of nuclear and extended families. Further chapters focus on family networks, parental perceptions of the costs and benefits of having children, migration and the family, employment and family strategies, and legal aspects affecting the family. (ANNOTATION) Language: French Keywords: MOROCCO | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS | NUCLEAR FAMILY | EXTENDED FAMILY | CHILD | CHILD WORTH | MIGRATION | EMPLOYMENT | LEGISLATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Northern | Africa | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 252479 |
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