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Title: What if: How declines in teen births have improved poverty and child well-being in North Dakota.
Author: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Source: Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2005 Apr. 3 p.
Abstract: Years of research have closely linked teen pregnancy and early childbearing to a host of other critical social issues, including overall child health and well-being, out-of-wedlock births, educational attainment and workforce readiness, responsible fatherhood, and poverty in particular -- especially child poverty. For example, young children born to a mother who is a teenager, is not married, and did not finish high school are nine times more likely to be poor than children born to mothers without these three risk factors. Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing cost taxpayers at least $7 billion annually and place a serious economic burden on schools and on health, welfare and social service systems. The U.S. teen birth rate declined by 30 percent between 1991 and 2002--a significant decrease that has made major contributions to American communities. Illustrating this very point, the U.S. Congress' Joint Economic Committee completed an analysis in April 2004 that the National Campaign in turn summarized. The congressional study posed an intriguing question: if the nation's teen birth rate had remained at its 1991 level through 2002 (rather than decreasing as it did), how many more children would have been born to teen mothers and to single mothers, and what would have been the effect on poverty and on the living arrangements of children? Findings included the following: if teen birth rates had not declined nationally by 30 percent during that time, there would have been an additional 1.2 million more children born to teen mothers, approximately 460,000 additional children in poverty and almost 700,000 more children living with a single mother. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH DAKOTA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ONE PARENT FAMILY | BIRTH RATE | POVERTY | CHILD HEALTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | CAMPAIGNS | FERTILITY DECLINE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Measurements | Economic Factors | Health | Communication Programs | Communication | Fertility Changes
Document Number: 307028

4.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Population-based estimates of mortality associated with diabetes: use of a death certificate check box in North Dakota.
Author: Tierney EF; Geiss LS; Engelgau MM; Thompson TJ; Schaubert D; Shireley LA; Vukelic PJ; McDonough SL
Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2001 Jan;91(1):84-92.
Abstract: Overall and cause-specific mortality among persons with diabetes in North Dakota was estimated and compared with estimates from previous population-based studies. Data were derived from North Dakota death certificate data, which included unique information on decedents' diabetes status and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System estimates of the diabetic and nondiabetic adult populations of North Dakota. The risk of death among adults with diabetes was 2.6 (2.2, 2.9) times that of adults without diabetes. Relative risks of death among adults with diabetes were at least twice as high as for heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, accidents and adverse events, and kidney disease and 70%-80% higher for pneumonia and influenza, malignant neoplasms, arterial disease, and other causes. Risks remained substantial in the oldest group. These findings are comparable to results of other population-based studies. Diabetes status information enhanced the usefulness of death certificate in examining mortality associated with diabetes and confirms that the effect of diabetes on death is substantial. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
NORTH DAKOTA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEATH RECORDS | MORTALITY | CAUSES OF DEATH | DIABETES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Vital Statistics | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases
Document Number: 154204

5.
Title: Consequences of population change for retail/wholesale sector employment in the nonmetropolitan Great Plains: 1950-1996.
Author: Adamchak DJ; Bloomquist LE; Bausman K; Qureshi R
Source: RURAL SOCIOLOGY. 1999 Mar;64(1):92-112.
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between population decline in 438 counties and local retail and wholesale (R/W) sectors during 1950-90 in the nonmetropolitan Great Plains states of North and South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Colorado. The focus was on the impact of population change in a region where the R/W trade sector has been a major source of employment for nonmetropolitan residents post-1945. Population declined over the long term. Analysis was based on economic restructuring views and central place theory. Data were obtained from the Censuses of Population (1950-90) and from the County and City Data Books (1947-94). The choice of few control variables was based on Lieberson's (1985) methods. Analysis included tests for multicollinearity. Findings are reported for counties adjacent to a metro area (AM), urban nonadjacent (UN) counties, and rural nonadjacent (RN) counties. Findings indicate that the 1980s had the greatest population loss (84% of counties), despite the population increases of the 1970s. AM counties followed the regional pattern. UN counties followed the regional pattern only in recent decades. RN counties lost population throughout the period and had the greatest percentage of counties losing population. Population change had a positive significant effect on R/W employment throughout the period and in all types of counties. Trade became more concentrated in larger, more diverse, and fewer trade centers, especially in UN counties. Gains occurred in the 1990s. Four anomalies were identified. Findings support the work of Drabenstott and Smith (1996).
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH DAKOTA | SOUTH DAKOTA | MONTANA | WYOMING | NEBRASKA | OKLAHOMA | NEW MEXICO | COLORADO | RESEARCH REPORT | NONMETROPOLITAN POPULATION | POPULATION DECREASE | COMMERCIAL SECTOR | URBANIZATION | LABOR FORCE | EMPLOYMENT | DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Commerce | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Human Resources
Document Number: 142219

6.
Title: Forced counseling, delays continue as mainstays of antiabortion agenda.
Author: Saul R
Source: STATE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MONITOR. 1997 Jun;8(2):8-9.
Abstract: The US Supreme Court's 1983 decision in the Akron case enjoined states from requiring that women seeking abortions submit to extensive biased counseling and waiting periods. The 1992 Casey ruling, however, found that a state can regulate abortion services so long as the regulations do not place an "undue burden" on the woman seeking abortion. Since then, 8 states have increased the total to 11 that mandate an enforced counseling/waiting period, and 9 more states have enacted counseling requirements but no mandated delay. In 1997, Florida enacted expanded "informed consent" provisions that force a woman to submit to state-scripted counseling. A lawsuit has already been filed to challenge this law. In Kansas, North Dakota, and Utah, existing counseling/waiting period policies were amended to make them more stringent. Similar legislation is pending but unlikely to be enacted in California and North Carolina, while legislators in Ohio are creating an amendment to require face-to-face counseling. Counseling/waiting period legislation died after serious consideration in Alabama, Arizona, Maine, and Virginia. A US District Court judge upheld Wisconsin's law mandating a 24-hour waiting period and state-scripted counseling while voicing her dismay about the law. The judge did, however, rule against several specific counseling requirements and delayed the law's implementation until she could review the state-scripted materials. A ruling in Michigan that upheld the state's counseling/waiting period has been appealed to Michigan's Supreme Court.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | FLORIDA | KANSAS | NORTH DAKOTA | UTAH | WISCONSIN | MICHIGAN | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | LEGISLATION | COURT DECISION | INFORMED CONSENT | COUNSELING | TIME FACTORS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Litigation | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 126062 Notification

7.
Title: The effect of condoms in sexually explicit narratives on male sexual arousal.
Author: Gaither GA; Rosenkranz RR; Amato-Henderson S; Plaud JJ; Bigwood SJ
Source: JOURNAL OF SEX AND MARITAL THERAPY. 1996 Summer;22(2):103-9.
Abstract: It has been speculated that some people who choose not to use condoms in the context of a growing AIDS pandemic do so because condom use interferes with the progression of the sexual act or lessens sexual pleasure. 14 male students in undergraduate psychology courses at the University of North Dakota volunteered to listen to sexually explicit audiotaped narratives in a study of male sexual arousal in the context of condom use. 20 audio scripts based upon 10 sexually explicit scenarios were used in the study. Each approximately two-minute long script depicted sexual interactions culminating in sexual intercourse between an adult male and an adult female. Ten scripts depicted scenarios involving no condom use. Modified versions of these scripts included condom use, thereby comprising the other 10 scenarios. The scripts were recorded on standard audiotapes by an adult female not connected with the study. Each volunteer was placed alone in a room furnished with only a reclining chair, a pair of stereo headphones, and a Likert scale mounted on a wall four feet from the chair. The young men were told how to apply and calibrate the Parks Medical Electronics, Inc. model 240-A mercury-in-rubber strain gauge plethysmograph, a device capable of measuring slight changes in penile circumference. Each subject then alternately heard 10 randomly selected scripts, half involving condom use and half not. Physiological data on penile response while listening to the tapes were collected via Advanced CODAS software and stored individually for each subject on a Gateway computer. Each subject also reported upon his sexual arousal. No significant differences were observed in physiologically and subjectively assessed patterns of male sexual arousal between the condom-present and condom-absent conditions. The brief description of putting on a condom within a sexually explicit audiotaped narrative had neither detrimental nor enhancing effects upon male sexual arousal. That condoms and condom use truly have no effect upon male sexual arousal is, however, only one of many possible explanations for these findings.
Language: English
Keywords:
NORTH DAKOTA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONDOMS | SAFER SEX | GENITALIA, MALE | YOUTH | EMOTIONS | AUDIOTAPES | MEN | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Tape Recordings | Mass Media | Communication
Document Number: 114645

8.
Title: North Dakota Century Code. Title 12.1. Criminal Code. Chapter 12.1-36. Female genital mutilation. N.D. Cent. Code, 12.1-36-01 (1995).
Author: United States. North Dakota
Source: [Unpublished] 1995 Aug 1. [1] p.
Abstract: This paper presents the penalty or exceptions provided under the section which define female genital mutilation (FGM). FGM is a surgical alteration of the genitals of female minor. Two subsections fall under this section. Subsection one states that except as provided in subsection two, any person who knowingly separates or surgically alters normal, healthy, functioning genital tissue of a female minor is guilty of a class C felony. While in subsection two, it states that a surgical operation is not a violation of this section if a licensed medical practitioner performs the operation to correct an anatomical abnormality or to remove diseased tissue that is an immediate threat to the health of the female minor. In applying this subsection, any belief that the operation is required as a matter of custom, ritual, or standard of practice may not be taken into consideration.
Language: English
Keywords:
NORTH DAKOTA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LAWS AND STATUTES | FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING | LEGISLATION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Harmful Traditional Practices | Traditional Health Practices | Culture
Document Number: 135360

9.
Title: Social change within the "establishment": a city's response to national antiabortion protesters.
Author: Lindgren JG; Lindgren HE
Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE. 1995 Dec;31(4):475-89.
Abstract: This article describes how public officials responded when anti-abortion protestors focused their attention on Fargo, North Dakota, and why the officials responded in this manner. Protestors committed acts of civil disobedience in order to disrupt the functioning of the police department, the prisons, and the courts. In other words, they sought to create chaos in the city in order to draw attention to their issue. The activist tactics used by the protestors placed their behavior outside of the bounds of precedent and, thus, outside of the experience of their opponents. In response, public officials also adopted activist tactics. For example, after the first time the protestors tied up the police department by refusing to walk after they were arrested, the police used wheelchairs to transport them. When protestors deliberately sought arrest to overcrowd the prisons, the county responded by housing prisoners in the prisons of neighboring counties. Judges reduced the number of protestors available by sentencing those who broke the law to the maximum prison terms possible. Local officials adjusted to publicity tactics of the protestors by devising their own public relations strategy. Analysis of the letters written in support of the protestors allowed public officials to understand that the letters carried little political force. The adjustments in the way in which public officials carried out their tasks, adjustments which were successful in taxing the resources of the protestors, were made without a central strategy defined by a strong leader. Rather, this social phenomenon grew from consensus formation within the group which was unplanned and beyond the control of a single individual. The very style of the protests likely contributed to the formation of this consensus of response. The protestors were angry and combative, and they aroused similar emotions in their target public officials. These emotions aroused innovative responses in the public officials to counter the innovative tactics of the protestors. Consideration of such activism on the part of government officials adds a new dimension to the examination of the classic political interplay of protesters versus the status quo.
Language: English
Keywords:
NORTH DAKOTA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | SOCIAL CHANGE | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | SOCIOLOGY | ABORTION | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Behavior | Social Sciences | Interest Groups | Political Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Organizations
Document Number: 114597 Notification

10.
Title: Appeals court upholds North Dakota law based on lenient interpretation.
Source: REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM NEWS. 1994 Feb 25;3(4):2.
Abstract: On February 10, 1994, the US Court of Appeals upheld a lower court ruling that a 1991 North Dakota law does not constitute an "undue burden" on women seeking abortions. According to the law in question, women must wait 24 hours before receiving an abortion and must be given mandatory information in a counseling session. The appeals court based its decision on a reading of the law which would allow the women to receive the mandatory information over the telephone. As it gave its decision, the court acknowledged that if the law were interpreted to mean that the women would have to make 2 trips to the state's only abortion clinic, then the measure's constitutionality would require another review. As a result of the court's ruling, North Dakota became the fifth state to require the delay and mandatory preabortion information. If these requirements prove to be a "substantial obstacle" to abortion-seekers, then a new lawsuit may be filed. The original lawsuit was filed by the Fargo Women's Health Organization.
Language: English
Keywords:
NORTH DAKOTA | COURT DECISION | LEGISLATION | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION | COUNSELING | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Litigation | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 093903 Notification

11.
Title: Court lets stand parental consent law on abortion.
Author: Biskupic J
Source: WASHINGTON POST. 1993 Nov 16;:A13.
Abstract: It was legislated in Mississippi in July 1993, that pregnant, unmarried women under 18 years of age must secure the consent of both parents in order to have an abortion. This decision in Barnes v. Mississippi was upheld by the 5th US Circuit Court of Appeals and the US Supreme Court. This Mississippi law is similar to parental consent statutes in Massachusetts and North Dakota. In the event that the pregnant woman's parents are divorced, unmarried, living apart, or if 1 parent is not available in a reasonable period of time, 1 parent may permit the woman to abort the fetus. Should the woman choose to submit herself to questioning before the court, the attending judge may allow her to have an abortion without parental consent if he or she finds the woman sufficiently mature or if he or she decides that it is not in the woman's best interest to tell her parents of the pregnancy. This lone, latter possibility to have an abortion without parental consent is known as a judicial bypass provision and is dependent upon the judge's whim. Judges lack consistent and reliable criteria for assessing individuals' abilities to make mature decisions, and it is certainly intimidating and traumatic for a woman to explain to a court why she should be allowed to exercise her right to choose to have an abortion. Helen B. Barnes is the physician who led the challenge against this legislation. Her more than 30 years of medical experience in the Jackson, Mississippi, area have shown her that young women with unwanted pregnancies often come from homes in which the father is working far away. He may or may not be interested in his daughter's sexual/childbearing well-being. The Supreme Court nonetheless upheld the Appeals Court ruling despite these realities and despite its ruling in a 1992 Pennsylvania case that states cannot place undue burden upon women's right to abortion. This latest action by the Supreme Court is in keeping with its recent stance on the ability of parents and states to determine and restrict women's right to abortion.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MISSISSIPPI | NORTH DAKOTA | MASSACHUSETTS | LEGISLATION | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION | HUMAN RIGHTS | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | WOMEN | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 091515 Notification

12.
Title: Hutterite fecundability by age and parity: strategies for frailty modeling of event histories.
Author: Larsen U; Vaupel JW
Source: DEMOGRAPHY. 1993 Feb;30(1):81-102.
Abstract: Fecundability decline after age 20 and with increasing parity, the degree of heterogeneity among women their fecundability, and the proportion of fecund women with persistently low or high monthly chances of live-birth conception were studies. The methodology included persistent heterogeneity in fecundability analysis and the use of multiple-spell duration data. A natural-fertility population with no use of contraception was selected: 406 Hutterite women in North America, a communally oriented Christian sect, who had 3206 births, mainly in the 1940s and 1950s. About one-half of the Hutterites migrated from Russian to escape persecution and settled in 3 colonies in the Dakotas in the 1870s. The sample is drawn exclusively from the colony of the S-leut. 10 children/women over age 45 was the modal value in the sample. In Model 1, the age schedule of fecundability and heterogeneity in fecundability were determined. In Model 2, the age schedule of conditional fecundability was analyzed. In Model 3, the simultaneous effects of age and parity on conditional fecundability were examined. The monthly probability of a live-birth conception was about one-third as high at age 35 as at age 20. Concerning conditional fecundability, the monthly probability of a live-birth conception declined to one-half from age 20 to age 35 (partly because of more prevalent fetal loss beyond age 35) irrespective of the effect of parity of 5-6 months assumed as the typical period of postpartum amenorrhea. At age 20 the woman who had a child waited about 4 months to live-birth conception, and at age 35 she waited about 8 months. Changing-frailty (i.e. fecundability) models are being developed for assessing the process and incidence of becoming sterile (the level of 0 frailty) between ages and parity in effective fecundability.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH DAKOTA | SOUTH DAKOTA | ETHNIC GROUPS | FECUNDABILITY | AGE FACTORS | PARITY | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | EXPERIMENTAL MODELS | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fecundity | Reproduction | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Research Methodology | Religion
Document Number: 080682

13.
Title: Zal v. Steppe [1 July 1992].
Author: United States. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit
Source: FEDERAL REPORTER. 2D SERIES. 1992;968:924-36. This summary takes into consideration amendments to the decision made on 31 July 1992.
Abstract: In the course of affirming a citation for contempt of court made with respect to a lawyer defending anti-abortion protesters, the US Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, made the following ruling on available defenses in cases involving criminal trespass: evidentiary orders in a trial excluding defenses of necessity, defense of others, and compliance with international law, treaties, or declarations did not violate a) the lawyer's First Amendment right to free speech; and b) the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment rights of the his clients. On 25 September 1992, the Supreme Court of Nebraska held that defenses of justification or choice of evils were not available in a similar case of criminal trespass (State v. Cozzens, North Western Reporter, Series 2, Vol. 490, 1992, p. 184). On 18 November 1992, the Court of Appeals of Texas held that the defense of necessity was not available in such a case (Elam v. State, South Western Reporter, Series 2, Vol. 841, 1992, p. 937). On 19 August 1992, the Supreme Court of North Dakota held that a preliminary injunction granted against persons protesting outside of a clinic where abortions were performed could not include a prohibition against speaking to clinical staff and patients or against distribution of literature to persons who had indicated a desire not to receive such literature; such an injunction was in violation of the First Amendment right to free speech (Fargo Women's Health v. Lambs of Christ, North Western Reporter, Series 2, Vol. 488, 1992, p. 401).
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH DAKOTA | NEBRASKA | TEXAS | ABORTION | CRIME | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Interest Groups | Political Factors | Social Problems
Document Number: 087300 Notification

14.
Title: Total blood cholesterol and contributory risk factors in an adolescent population.
Author: Berg CL; Swanson DJ; Juhl N
Source: JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH. 1992 Feb;62(2):64-6.
Abstract: Total blood cholesterol levels were screened by a fingerstick-desktop method in 452 10th grade students from 2 schools as part of a cholesterol task force that included health education on risk factors. The children averaged 15.47 years. The Reflotron analyzer (Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics) used non-fasting blood. The overall mean TBC level was 150.61 mg/dl. By risk groups, 76% were low risk, with TBC levels ranging from 100-169; 11% were moderate risk, ranging 1270-185; and 12% were high risk, with levels ranging from 170-400. Girls' levels averaged 160.15, significantly higher than boys' 141.95, consistent with prior published reports. The 10 girls using oral contraceptives had a mean TBC of 188.20, compared to 158.85 for nonusers. There were no significant differences for other potential risk groups: ethnicity, history of high blood pressure, current smoking, individual or family history of high cholesterol. School A had a higher socioeconomic background than School B. The mean cholesterol level for School A was 149.02, compared to 152.08 for School B. Schools need more health education on risk factors and lifestyle, and preventive health intervention.
Language: English
Keywords:
NORTH DAKOTA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CHOLESTEROL | SCREENING | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | STUDENTS | STEROID METABOLIC EFFECTS | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | ADOLESCENTS | RISK FACTORS | SEX FACTORS | SCHOOL AGE POPULATION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Lipids | Physiology | Biology | Examinations and Diagnoses | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Education | Metabolic Effects | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 073817

15.
Title: [When the natives are our neighbors] Quand les indigenes sont nos voisins.
Author: Ginsburg F
Source: HOMME. 1992 Jan-Mar;32(1):129-42.
Abstract: The US debate over the ethics of abortion is the context for this discussion of problems in reporting the results of research when the topic is a controversial social movement on which the researcher and members of the academic community hold strong personal views. The author worked with local right-to-life and prochoice activists in Fargo, North Dakota, in the early 1980s. This article describes the political climate in those years after the election of Reagan to the presidency, as well as the composition of the prolife movement and its emergence with the New Right in the 1970s. The local scope of much right-to-life activity in that era made it an appropriate topic for ethnographic research using participant-observation techniques. The collective portrait of local prolife activists in Fargo was more complex than their stereotype of reactionary housewives left behind by social change would suggest. Right-to-lifers are often considered hostile to feminism, but a large part of their rhetoric actually covered the same ground. Much of the right-to-life program can be interpreted as the expression of a desire to reform the most dehumanizing aspects of contemporary capitalist culture. From this point of view, prolifers are more similar to their prochoice opponents than to their presumed New Right allies, who prefer a more libertarian social philosophy. Activists on both sides of the debate share a common sociohistorical context providing common references, particularly regarding procreation and sexuality. The debate has a dialectical quality in that a large part consists of reactions to the positions of the other side. Militants on both sides agree on such points as the need for equal pay for equal work and the need to make the economic system more responsive to the needs and responsibilities of women. The credibility of the author's findings was questioned by colleagues, which prompted reflection on the presentation of results of research on a controversial group belonging to the same society. The initial strategy of attempting to serve as a mediator between opposing camps by discovering common concerns was replaced by an attempt to allow the militants to present their own positions through extensive quotations. 21 interviews with prolife and 14 with prochoice activists constituted formulations of what the subjects considered models of the place of reproduction, motherhood, and work in the lives of American women.
Language: English
Keywords:
NORTH DAKOTA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ABORTION | PRO-CHOICE GROUPS | MOTIVATION | PERCEPTION | VALUE ORIENTATION | POLITICAL FACTORS | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | COMMUNICATION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Interest Groups | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 073517 Notification

16.
Title: An Act to establish the requirements for informed consent for HIV testing [16 May 1991].
Author: United States. Alabama
Source: ACTS OF ALABAMA. 1991;:140-2. Act No. 91-120.
Abstract: This Act provides that before any HIV test is performed in Alabama, the health care provider or testing facility "shall obtain from the person a voluntary informed consent to administer the test." Consent may be implied when a person presents himself for treatment or other medical services and the physician determines that the test is necessary because 1) based on a reasonable medical judgment, the person is at high risk for HIV infection; 2) the person's care may be modified by the presence or absence of HIV infection; or 3) the person's HIV status must be known in order to protect health care personnel from HIV infection. Persons tested must be notified of a positive test result and provided with face-to-face counseling, information on the availability of health care services, and an explanation of the benefits of locating, testing, and counseling any individual to whom the person may have exposed HIV. On 11 March 1991, the state of North Dakota enacted legislation providing that a parent or legal guardian of a minor or guardian of an incapacitated person may give consent to the minor or incapacitated person being tested for HIV infection; and on 14 March 1991, the state enacted legislation eliminating the requirement that any person infected with a sexually transmitted disease be tested for HIV infection. See Laws of North Dakota, 1991, Chapters 268 and 269, pp. 728-731.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH DAKOTA | ALABAMA | HIV INFECTIONS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | TESTING | INFORMED CONSENT | MINORS | PARENTAL CONSENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Measurement | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 086700

17.
Title: An Act to adopt a statement of legislative policy relating to the family [11 April 1991].
Author: United States. North Dakota
Source: LAWS OF NORTH DAKOTA. 1991;:1592-6. Chapter 509.
Abstract: This Act is prefaced by the following statement of legislative policy: "The state must advocate support for the family by using political, economic, social, and judicial measures that support the unity and stability of the family so that the family can exercise its specific function of nurturing and protecting its members. If the family is to be nurtured and its members protected, the state must support programs that offer assistance for pregnant women and their families. Unjust social and economic structures such as poverty, sexism, and lack of adequate health care and information should be addressed. Women must have the ability to make responsible decisions concerning a pregnancy without losing other opportunities for a fulfilled life. Ensuring the dignity and rights of women and children and families is the operative principle underlying this Act." To implement this statement, the act a) mandates the formulation of a family life education program to provide support for families and youth with research-based information relating to personal, family, and community concerns; b) establishes a mechanism to collect and disseminate information on all public and private organizations in the state offering services to pregnant women who are experiencing problems in connection with their pregnancies due to medical, economic, social, and psychological factors; c) creates a benefit for pregnant women during the first 6 months of pregnancy who are in difficult circumstances; d) provides assistance for adopted children with special needs; and e) authorizes the state to make grants to public and private nonprofit organizations for the planning, establishment, expansion, improvement, and operation of early childhood services.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH DAKOTA | LAWS AND STATUTES | FAMILY POLICY | SOCIAL PROTECTION | SOCIAL WELFARE | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | MATERNITY BENEFITS | MATERNAL HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Social Policy | Policy | Economic Factors | Microeconomic Factors | Health
Document Number: 086707

18.
Title: An Act to create and enact two new subsections to section 14-02.1-02 and three new sections to chapter 14-02.1 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to requirement of informed consent for abortions and civil damages for performance of abortions without informed consent [1 April 1991].
Author: United States. North Dakota
Source: LAWS OF NORTH DAKOTA. 1991;:398-402. Chapter 141 of 1991.
Abstract: This act amends the abortion consent sections of the North Dakota Century Code to provide that, except in cases of medical emergency, a pregnant woman must be told the following at least 24 hours before an abortion can be performed: a) the name of the physician performing the abortion; b) the medical risks associated with the abortion procedure to be employed; c) the probable gestational age of the unborn child; and d) the medical risks associated with carrying the child to term. She must also be told that medical assistance benefits are available if she carries the child to term, that the father of the child is liable to assist in support of the child, and that she has a right to review printed materials that describe an unborn child and list agencies that offer alternatives to abortion. The pregnant woman must certify in writing that she has been provided with the above information. Any person who has not been provided with this information before an abortion has been performed may maintain a legal action against the person who performed the abortion for $10,000 in punitive damages and treble whatever actual damages were sustained. A person in similar circumstances upon whom an abortion has been attempted has a cause of action for $5000 in punitive damages and treble whatever actual damages were sustained.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH DAKOTA | ABORTION | INFORMED CONSENT | DECISION MAKING | INFORMATION | MEDICAL LIABILITY | HEALTH PERSONNEL | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Behavior | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 086687 Notification

19.
Title: Chapter 173, Sections 1-2 of the 1989 Session Laws, 29 March 1989.
Author: United States. North Dakota
Source: ANNUAL REVIEW OF POPULATION LAW. 1989;16:44, 323-4. From: North Dakota Century Code, Chapter 14-02.2.
Abstract: In March of 1989, North Dakota passed legislation covering experimentation using live or dead fetuses. The law prohibits the use of any live human fetus, before or after birth, for any kind of experimentation. A human fetus can be studied while in utero if such procedures do not substantially jeopardize the life or health of the fetus and provided that there are no plans to abort said fetus. No fetus or newborn child or fetal tissue or organ may be used for research or transplantation. However, diagnostic or remedial procedures designed to determine or preserve the life or health of the fetus or the mother are allowed. No experiments can be conducted on a dead fetus resulting from an occurrence other than an induced abortion without the written consent of the mother who must be at least 18 years old. No fetus or fetal tissue resulting from an induced abortion can be used in transplantation except for diagnostic or remedial procedures for said fetus or its mother. No abortion can be performed if all or part of the consideration for the abortion is that fetal organs or tissue are to be used for transplantation or experimentation. No fetus or fetal organs (including embryos and neonates) can be sold or given away for a use in violation of this law.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH DAKOTA | LAWS AND STATUTES | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | FETUS | CHILD | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION | FETAL TISSUE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Fetal Membranes
Document Number: 078475 Notification

20.
Title: Chapter 184 of the Session Laws of 1989, 3 April 1989.
Author: United States. North Dakota
Source: ANNUAL REVIEW OF POPULATION LAW. 1989;16:53, 355-6. From: North Dakota Century Code, Chapter 14-18.
Abstract: On April 3, 1989, the state of North Dakota passed legislation adopting the Uniform Status of Children of Assisted Conception Act. After defining "assisted conception," "donor," and "surrogate," the Act states that a woman who gives birth to a child is the child's mother. A husband of a woman who gives birth as a result of assisted conception is considered the father of the child unless the husband brings action within two years and it is determined that he did not consent to the procedure. A donor is not a parent of a child conceived through assisted conception. A person who dies before a conception occurs using his sperm or her egg is not a parent of any resulting child. Surrogate agreements are void. This law also defines the status of a child for purposes of intestate succession, probate law, and class action donative transfers.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH DAKOTA | LAWS AND STATUTES | REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES | SURROGATE MOTHERS | MOTHERS | FILIATION | INHERITANCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Reproduction | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Ownership | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 078484

21.
Title: Fargo Women's Health Organization, Inc. v. FM Women's Help and Caring Connection, 15 August 1989.
Author: United States. North Dakota. Supreme Court
Source: ANNUAL REVIEW OF POPULATION LAW. 1989;16:44. From: 444 N.W.2d 683.
Abstract: The North Dakota Court held that an abortion clinic that was injured by an anti-abortion organization's violation of false advertising statutes could bring a suit to recover damages. (Full Text)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH DAKOTA | COURT DECISION | ABORTION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Litigation | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Interest Groups | Political Factors
Document Number: 078464 Notification

22.
Title: Social indicators and infant mortality: a regional study of South Dakota, North Dakota, and Montana, 1980.
Author: DeWitt DC
Source: Ann Arbor, Michigan, University Microfilms International, 1989. 198 p. Publication order number DA9007440
Abstract: "This research was an investigation of the relationship of selected social indicators to variations in the rates of infant mortality in the region comprising the states of South Dakota, North Dakota, and Montana. In addition to regional and state considerations special attention was given to variations in infant mortality rates with respect to the racial compositions of counties within the area under examination. Quality-of-life factors also were examined in the research....Counties with high proportions of Indians were found to have higher rates of infant mortality. Moveover, it was found that the greater the racial heterogeneity of a state's population the more statistically significant the association between individual measures of quality-of-life and the infant mortality rate." This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at South Dakota State University. (EXCERPT)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SOUTH DAKOTA | NORTH DAKOTA | MONTANA | INFANT MORTALITY | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | ETHNIC GROUPS | HETEROGENEITY | QUALITY OF LIFE | NATIVE AMERICANS | DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Social Welfare | Economic Factors
Document Number: 233184

23.
Title: Contested lives: the abortion debate in an American community.
Author: Ginsburg FD
Source: Berkeley, California, University of California Press, 1989. xiv, 315 p.
Abstract: The passionate debates over abortion in America rarely ask fundamental questions: Who are the activists who keep the issue alive? Do women on each side really see their interests as opposed? What are the basic themes in American culture that fuel these debates? Ginsburg's book began as an anthropological analysis of a struggle over an abortion clinic in Faridabad, North Dakota. She has situated that event in a broader context and is particularly concerned with the temporal dimension of analysis - in the use of life histories, the following of a social drama over several years, and the tracing of abortion debates and moral reform movements over the past 2 centuries. The book is based on Ginsburg's field research with grassroots abortion activities in Fargo, North Dakota where protests have continued since 1981 when the 1st abortion clinic opened in the state. She places the anthropological case study of 1 community in the context of the national abortion debate, as well as the larger perspective of the history of female-based social movements in America. Ginsburg argues that contemporary abortion activism is the most recent effort by activists to transform an enduring cultural contradiction: while women's status as mothers and nurturers has been the source of female cultural authority, it is also the basis of women's devaluation in economic and political arenas. CONTESTED LIVES shows how this dilemma is a recurrent theme in women's social movements from the early 19th century to the present, enduring in current pro-life and pro-choice political rhetoric. Ginsburg analyzes activists' life stories and shows how both pro-life and pro-choice women tie their positions to a critique of the more dehumanizing and sexist aspects of contemporary capitalist culture. Most activists see their efforts as correctives to a society inhospitable to the needs of women with dependents. The vehemence of the abortion debates does not necessarily lie in the issues themselves, but in the larger meanings riding on shifting cultural representations and social realities of female and male experience.
Language: English
Keywords:
NORTH DAKOTA | ABORTION | WOMEN'S STATUS | ATTITUDES | ABORTION LAW | BEHAVIOR | CLINIC ACTIVITIES | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 076977 Notification

24.
Title: Effects of exercise training on human copper and zinc nutriture.
Author: Lukaski HC
Source: ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY. 1989;258:163-70.
Abstract: During 1985-86 and 1986-87 competitive athletic seasons, nutrition researchers studied the copper and zinc status, body composition, nutrient intake, and blood biochemical indices of nutritional status of varsity male and female swimmers at the University of North Dakota to determine the effect of intense physical training on copper and zinc status of athletes. The 3 studies examined pre- and end-season, swimmers and controls, and the influence of combined oral contraceptives (OCs) on copper and zinc status. In all 3 studies, blood biochemical indices of copper and zinc nutritional status did not fall significantly among the swimmers during physical training as long as dietary intake of copper and zinc were sufficient (=or> 67% recommended safe and adequate intake). After physical training, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity rose at these levels suggesting a biochemical adaptation of human copper metabolism linked to exercise training. Yet daily copper intake did not increase. Copper intakes for female swimmers were 1.3-1.4 mg/day and 1.6-1.9 mg/day for male swimmers, all of which were smaller intakes than the recommended intake level of 2 mg/day. They did match intakes of other US groups, however. Plasma copper levels were around 30% higher in OC users than they were in non-OC users in both pre- and end-season. On the other hand, plasma zinc levels were basically the same between OC and non-OC users and swimmers and controls. OC use did not hurt athletic performance or hinder training induced changes in erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity. These results refuted the assumption that exercise adversely affects copper and zinc nutriture.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH DAKOTA | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | SERUM COPPER LEVEL | COPPER | ZINC | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | ENZYMATIC EFFECTS | NUTRITION INDEXES | INORGANIC CHEMICALS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Hemic System | Physiology | Biology | Metals | Vitamins and Minerals | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Enzymes and Enzyme Inhibitors | Nutrition | Health | Ingredients and Chemicals
Document Number: 076146

25.
Title: Act of 4 April 1987.
Author: United States. North Dakota
Source: ANNUAL REVIEW OF POPULATION LAW. 1987;14:343-4. From: North Dakota Century Code, Chapter 12.1-17.1.
Abstract: This document reprints North Dakota's 1987 Act on Offenses Against Unborn Children. This Act does not apply to death or injury to an unborn child during legal abortion or to diagnosis and treatment carried out according to the usual and customary standards of medical practice. The Act holds that a person (not including the pregnant woman) is guilty of murder of an unborn child if that person: 1) intentionally or knowingly causes the death, 2) causes the death under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of the life of the unborn child or the pregnant woman, or 3) causes the death in the commission of a crime. This latter offense is mitigated by several specific circumstances reflecting the lack of intent to do harm. The death or injury of an unborn child can lead to charges of felony murder, manslaughter, negligent homicide, aggravated assault, or assault, depending upon the circumstances.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH DAKOTA | LAWS AND STATUTES | FETUS | FETAL DEATH | HOMICIDE | CRIME | ABORTION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Problems | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning
Document Number: 086958 Notification

26.
Title: West north central: 1984 population and 1983 per capita income estimates for counties and incorporated places.
Author: Starsinic DE
Source: CURRENT POPULATION REPORTS. SERIES P-26, LOCAL POPULATION ESTIMATES. 1986 Jun;(84-WNC-SC):i-iv, 1-141.
Abstract: This report is 1 of 5 regional reports containing current estimates of July 1, 1984, population and calendar year 1983 per capita money income for all general purpose governmental units in each state in the West North Central US. Areas included in this series of reports are 1) counties (or county equivalents), 2) incorporated places, and 3) active minor civil divisions (MCDs). The detailed tables show the July 1, 1984, population estimate and the April 1, 1980, census population for each area, along with the numerical and percentage change between 1980 and 1984. In addition, they present the 1983 per capita money income estimates, together with the 1979 per capita money income and the percentage change between these 2 figures. These estimates are presented for each state in the region in county order, with all incorporated places in each county listed in alphabetical order, followed by any functioning MCDs also listed in alphabetical order.
Language: English
Keywords:
IOWA | KANSAS | MINNESOTA | MISSOURI | NEBRASKA | NORTH DAKOTA | SOUTH DAKOTA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH AMERICA | POPULATION SIZE | INCOME | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | TABLES AND CHARTS | STATISTICS | AREA ANALYSIS | Americas | Developed Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Research Methodology
Document Number: 206204

27.
Title: Effects of premarital sexual standards and behavior on dating and marriage desirability.
Author: Jacoby AP; Williams JD
Source: Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1985 Nov;47(4):1059-65.
Abstract: This paper concerns the effects of sexual attitude, lifetime sexual behavior, number of coital partners, and the social context of this behavior on dating and marriage desirability. Respondents were 130 females and 70 males, 3/4 of whom were under age 21. Most had grown up in rural areas and small cities, largely in North Dakota and Minnesota. Over 3/4 attended religious services (Lutheran and Catholic) once a month or more. Results indicate that the level of sexual experience among these respondents is well under that of most university samples described in recent reports. Although males are somewhat more permissive than females, the traditional double standard, in the sense of holding different standards for women than for men, is hard to detect in this sample. Both male and female respondents are shown to prefer moderately experienced partners, regardless of respondent's own experience level. Unlike previous research findings, no interactions between respondent's behavior and rated person's behavior are found. The data seem to demonstrate the acceptance by these respondents of a kind of single standard; both genders make judgements of dating and marriage suitability in much the same way, but these judgments are not always egalitarian. As respondent sexual experience increases and as respondent attitudes become more permissive, both dating and marriage ratings are higher. However, as the profile's (person rated) attitudes become more permissive, the ratings decrease. As for the social context of sexual experience, male and female respondents were slightly less accepting of profiles who had sexual experiences with loved ones. The more intimate the profile's behavior with a lover, the lower his/her desirability as a date or marriage partner. Degree of sexual intimacy in a no-love context is less systematically assooiated with dating or marriage ratings. The associations between the number of the profile's coital partners and the respondent's ratings of the profile are all negative. Generally the associations are stronger for marriage ratings than for dating ratings. The term selfish standard is introduced to refer to the study's main finding that a consistent preference is shown for the date or marriage partner with no more than moderate sexual experience, regardless of the respondent's past sexual behavior.
Language: English
Keywords:
NORTH AMERICA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH DAKOTA | MINNESOTA | PERCEPTION | BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | STUDENTS | DECISION MAKING | SOCIOMETRICS | SEX FACTORS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | MATE SELECTION | VALUE ORIENTATION | SURVEYS | UNIVERSITIES | RESEARCH REPORT | AGE FACTORS | RELIGION | Americas | Developed Countries | Education | Measurement | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Marriage | Nuptiality | Sampling Studies | Studies | Schools
Document Number: 268415

28.
Title: Completed fertility of the Hutterites: a revision.
Author: Lang H; Gohlen R
Source: Current Anthropology. 1985 Jun;26(3):395.
Abstract: The Hutterites serve as a standard for the upper fertility limit of human populations because of their outstanding procreative performance and their comparatively well-documented demography. Their completed family size is reported to have been 10.4 children per woman past fertile age in 1950, and has been so cited ever since Eaton and Mayer 1st published it in 1953. This value represents the median of the distribution as opposed to the arithmetic mean. Although in reality median and arithmetic mean rarely coincide, yet comparisons of completed fertility values regularly use the median for the Hutterites and the arithmetic mean for the population(s) to be compared. Reproducing this median value, with the established definition of the median, has been impossible. Recalculation of Eaton and Mayer's data instead yields 9.4. Calculation of the arithmetic mean of their data is udertaken; their median value for completed fertility proves to be 15.9% above the newly calculated arithmetic mean value of 8.97. Allowing for a proportionate increase in the number of women, the arithmetic mean value for completed fertility of all women of age 45 and over would be 8.85.
Language: English
Keywords:
NORTH AMERICA | ETHNIC GROUPS | HIGH FERTILITY POPULATION | FAMILY SIZE | FAMILY SIZE, COMPLETED | MEASUREMENT | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | FERTILITY MEASUREMENTS | NORTH DAKOTA | RESEARCH REPORT | CRITIQUE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RELIABILITY | ERROR SOURCES | Americas | Developed Countries | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Research Methodology
Document Number: 268141

29.
Title: Family planning organizations and 'abortion-related activities'.
Author: Alan Guttmacher Institute [AGI]
Source: Issues in Brief. 1984 Mar;4(4):1-4.
Abstract: Legislative efforts to block federal family planning funding to groups using nonfederal funds for abortion related services are likely to become an issue in 1984. Congress will be considering the renewal of 2 separate laws that authorize federal funding for family planning services: in the US under Title 10 of the Public Health Service Act (PHSA), and in developing nations under Sec. 104 of the Foreign Assistance Act. When abortion opponents speak about "abortion related activities" they mean more than simply the performance of abortions. They also are opposed to family planning programs providing basic, factual information to pregnant women that even mentions abortion as a legal option as well as referrals to hospitals, clinics, or physicians that perform abortions, even when requested. They oppose medical school training in the performance of abortions or research that might make abortions safer and they oppose any individual or institution that actively supports the legality of abortion. In 1972 the US Supreme Court made absolutely clear that the government cannot penalize individuals or groups by requiring them to forfeit a constitutional right as a condition for receiving government funds. Despite the well established principle that the award of government funds cannot be conditioned on the forfeiture of constitutional rights and the fact that the provision of abortion services has strong public health justifications, some state legislatures have tried to deny funds to certain organizations because of their use of private funds for abortion related services. Between 1978 and 1980, the legislatures of 4 states enacted laws to block state funds to private family planning agencies because of their provision of abortions or abortion counseling and referral. In each case, the courts ruled against the state. Since 1980 much political attention has been directed to this issue at the federal level. If enacted, legislative efforts to block federal family planning funding to groups using nonfederal funds for abortion related services would: conflict with federal court rulings against government attempts to deny funds to organizations because of their exercies of their constitutional rights with nongovernment funds; ignore the rights of patients to make informed decisions as to their own care; conflict with professional and ethical standards of health care; undermine the effective US commitments to family planning services at home and abroad that began more than a decade ago; and conflict with the laws and policies of a number of US state governments and the governments of several nations around the world which grant their own government funds for abortion services and family planning services.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH AMERICA | ABORTION LAW | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | LEGISLATION | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | ABORTION | FOREIGN AID | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | PRIVATELY SPONSORED PROGRAMS | CRITIQUE | CHANGES | MINNESOTA | ILLINOIS | NORTH DAKOTA | ARIZONA | FUNDS | COUNSELING | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Social Change | Clinic Activities | Program Activities
Document Number: 022459 Notification

30.
Title: Estimates of the population of North Dakota counties and metropolitan areas: July 1, 1981, 1982, and 1983.
Author: United States. Bureau of the Census
Source: Current Population Reports, Series P-26: Federal-State Cooperative Program for Population Estimates. 1984 Dec;(83-34-C):1-4.
Abstract:
Language: English
Keywords:
POPULATION SIZE | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | POPULATION DYNAMICS | NORTH DAKOTA | MAPS | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | STATISTICS | URBAN POPULATION | Demographic Factors | Population | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Population Characteristics
Document Number: 206257


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