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Title: Oral Contraceptives: A Risk Factor for Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Author: Applebaum KM; Nelson HH; Zens MS; Stukel TA; Spencer SK; Karagas MR
Source: Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2009 Jun 25;
Abstract: Oral contraceptives (OCs) affect the risk of several cancers in women, but have been virtually unstudied for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We examined the hypothesis that OCs influence SCC risk in a case-control study among women and also examined whether polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene, Xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD), modified the risk. Incident cases of SCC were identified by a network of dermatologists and pathology laboratories. Population-based controls were frequency matched to cases by age and gender (n=261 SCC cases, 298 controls). Overall, OC use was associated with a 60% higher risk of SCC (odds ratio (OR), 1.6; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.0-2.5). ORs for SCC were higher among those who last used OCs >/=25 years before diagnosis (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2-3.7), and among these women, SCC risk increased with duration of use (OR for /=7 years, 2.7; 95% CI: 0.9-8.5, P(trend)=0.01). Furthermore, the XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism was a significant modifier of the OC-SCC association (P(interaction)=0.03). These findings lead us to hypothesize a potential relationship between OCs and SCC risk, and that this could involve DNA repair pathways.Journal of Investigative Dermatology advance online publication, 25 June 2009; doi:10.1038/jid.2009.168.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW HAMPSHIRE | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | RISK FACTORS | CANCER | DERMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS | ESTROGENS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents | Health | Neoplasms | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | Hormones | Endocrine System
Document Number: 341751

Title: A role for ultraviolet radiation immunosuppression in non-melanoma skin cancer as evidenced by gene-environment interactions.
Author: Welsh MM; Karagas MR; Applebaum KM; Spencer SK; Perry AE; Nelson HH
Source: Carcinogenesis. 2008 Oct;29(10):1950-4.
Abstract: The genotoxic effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation are well-known causes of skin cancers; however, UV radiation also suppresses the immune system, decreasing the body's surveillance for tumor cells. In experimental systems, UV radiation immunosuppression is at least partially mediated through urocanic acid (UCA), an UV radiation-absorbing molecule in the stratum corneum. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in the histidase gene (HAL), which catalyzes the formation of UCA in the skin, modifies risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a population-based study (914 BCC, 702 SCC and 848 controls). We observed no evidence of a main gene effect for the HAL I439V polymorphism (rs7297245) and BCC or SCC. However, we found a HAL genotype-sunburn interaction in association with BCC (P for interaction = 0.040) and SCC (P for interaction = 0.018). A HAL genotype-SCC association was observed primarily among women (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.2), and among women, we found an interaction between HAL genotype and oral contraceptive use on SCC risk (P = 0.040). The variant HAL allele likewise appeared to modify the SCC risk associated with glucocorticoid steroid usage (P for interaction = 0.0004). In conclusion, our findings are a first step in determining the genetic underpinnings of UV immune suppression and have identified important new genetic interactions contributing to the etiology of skin cancer.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW HAMPSHIRE | RESEARCH REPORT | DERMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS | CANCER | GENETICS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Physiology | Biology | Neoplasms | Diseases | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning
Document Number: 328625

3.
Title: Is the Internet the source? [editorial]
Author: Rickert VI; Ryan O
Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2007 Feb;40(2):104-105.
Abstract: Public perception of deleterious youth experiences on the Internet has been largely shaped by sensationalist mass media coverage. However, research conducted by the Crimes against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire tells a story that seemingly contradicts the lurid picture painted by tabloids and cable news outlets. Over the past five years, the Center has conducted two national, cross-sectional telephone surveys of youths and their caretakers to determine the incidence of unwanted sexual solicitation, harassment, and unwanted exposure to pornography experienced by adolescents. The overall incidence and five-year trends are presented in this issue of the Journal by Mitchell et al. These findings help provide some insight into the murky elements of Internet exploitation nationwide, yet do not construct a comprehensive image of youth on the Internet. In comparing data between 2000 and 2005, Mitchell et al found, among other things, a significant decline in the overall percentage of youth reporting unwanted sexual solicitations. This finding did not apply to minority youth or youth from lower income households when considered separately. Solicitations characterized as being "aggressive" (those most likely to evolve into a crime) remained static. Girls were more likely than boys to report sexual solicitation, and, finally, the number of youth who reported they harassed others while online doubled. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW HAMPSHIRE | CRITIQUE | SURVEYS | INCIDENCE | YOUTH | SEXUAL HARASSMENT | SEXUAL ABUSE | INTERNET | EXPOSURE | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Measurement | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Information Networks | Communication | Risk Factors | Biology | Diseases
Document Number: 312094

4.
Peer Reviewed

Title: From menarche to menopause: trends among US women born from 1912 to 1969.
Author: Nichols HB; Trentham-Dietz A; Hampton JM; Titus-Ernstoff L; Egan KM
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2006 Nov 15;164(10):1003-1011.
Abstract: The authors investigated secular trends in age at menarche, age at menopause, and reproductive life span within a population-based cohort of US women. Study subjects were 22,774 women selected randomly as controls for a case-control study. Eligible controls were residents of Wisconsin, Massachusetts, or New Hampshire born between 1910 and 1969. Subjects completed telephone interviews in 1988-2001 and answered questions regarding reproductive and lifestyle factors. Birth cohorts were created using 5- and 10-year periods, and statistical comparisons were performed with analysis of variance. The mean age at menarche decreased by approximately 6 months for those born between 1910 and 1949 (13.1 vs. 12.7 years; p < 0.001), with a subsequent increase to 13.0 years among women born between 1960 and 1969 (p < 0.001). Among naturally menopausal women aged 60 or more years who reported never use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, the authors observed a 17-month increase in the mean age at menopause for those born between 1915 and 1939 (49.1 vs. 50.5 years; p = 0.001) after adjustment for potential confounders. They also observed an increase in the average number of reproductive years (subtracting age at menarche from age at natural menopause), from 36.1 years among women born between 1915 and 1919 to 37.7 years among the 1935-1939 cohort (p = 0.0001). These findings have implications for women's lifetime exposure to circulating endogenous hormones. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MASSACHUSETTS | NEW HAMPSHIRE | WISCONSIN | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | WOMEN | MENARCHE | MENOPAUSE | REPRODUCTION | HORMONES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Menstruation | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 309136

Title: What if: How declines in teen births have improved poverty and child well-being in New Hampshire.
Author: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Source: Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2005 Apr. 3 p.
Abstract: Years of research have closely linked teen pregnancy and early childbearing to a host of other critical social issues, including overall child health and well-being, out-of-wedlock births, educational attainment and workforce readiness, responsible fatherhood, and poverty in particular -- especially child poverty. For example, young children born to a mother who is a teenager, is not married, and did not finish high school are nine times more likely to be poor than children born to mothers without these three risk factors. Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing cost taxpayers at least $7 billion annually and place a serious economic burden on schools and on health, welfare and social service systems. The U.S. teen birth rate declined by 30 percent between 1991 and 2002--a significant decrease that has made major contributions to American communities. Illustrating this very point, the U.S. Congress' Joint Economic Committee completed an analysis in April 2004 that the National Campaign in turn summarized. The congressional study posed an intriguing question: if the nation's teen birth rate had remained at its 1991 level through 2002 (rather than decreasing as it did), how many more children would have been born to teen mothers and to single mothers, and what would have been the effect on poverty and on the living arrangements of children? Findings included the following: if teen birth rates had not declined nationally by 30 percent during that time, there would have been an additional 1.2 million more children born to teen mothers, approximately 460,000 additional children in poverty and almost 700,000 more children living with a single mother. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW HAMPSHIRE | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ONE PARENT FAMILY | BIRTH RATE | POVERTY | CHILD HEALTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | CAMPAIGNS | FERTILITY DECLINE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Measurements | Economic Factors | Health | Communication Programs | Communication | Fertility Changes
Document Number: 307026

6.
Title: Revisiting unwanted sexual experiences on campus: a 12-year follow-up.
Author: Banyard VL; Plante EG; Cohn ES; Moorhead C; Ward S
Source: Violence Against Women. 2005 Apr;11(4):426-446.
Abstract: The current study examines patterns of stability and change in reports of unwanted sexual experiences in one campus community in two similar cohorts of undergraduates studied 12 years apart. A sample of 417 women completed a questionnaire in 2000, and this sample is compared to a sample of 524 women who completed the same questionnaire in 1988. Results indicate a reported decrease in unwanted sexual contact but indicate stability in reported rates of unwanted intercourse. Across forms of unwanted sexual experiences, more patterns of similarity than difference in abuse characteristics, such as relationship to perpetrator and location of the experience, are noted. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW HAMPSHIRE | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | STUDENTS | SEXUAL HARASSMENT | RAPE | PREVALENCE | UNIVERSITIES | RISK FACTORS | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | VIOLENCE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Crime | Social Problems | Measurement | Schools | Biology | Behavior
Document Number: 282264

Peer Reviewed

Title: Physician assistants as providers of surgically induced abortion services.
Author: Goldman MB; Occhiuto JS; Peterson LE; Zapka JG; Palmer RH
Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2004 Aug;94:1352-1357.
Abstract: We compared complication rates after surgical abortions performed by physician assistants with rates after abortions performed by physicians. A 2-year prospective cohort study of women undergoing surgically induced abortion was conducted. Ninety-one percent of eligible women (1363) were enrolled. Total complication rates were 22.0 per 1000 procedures (95% confidence interval [CI]=11.9, 39.2) performed by physician assistants and 23.3 per 1000 procedures (95% CI=14.5, 36.8) performed by physicians (P=.88). The most common complication that occurred during physician assistant�performed procedures was incomplete abortion; during physician-performed procedures the most common complication was infection not requiring hospitalization. A history of pelvic inflammatory disease was associated with an increased risk of total complications (odds ratio=2.1; 95% CI=1.1, 4.1). Surgical abortion services provided by experienced physician assistants were comparable in safety and efficacy to those provided by physicians. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | VERMONT | NEW HAMPSHIRE | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | HEALTH PERSONNEL | PHYSICIANS | ABORTION | OBSTETRICAL SURGERY | COMPLICATIONS | SURGICAL ERROR | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Surgery | Treatment | Diseases
Document Number: 273657 Notification

10.
Title: The Great Beginnings program: impact of a nutrition curriculum on nutrition knowledge, diet quality, and birth outcomes in pregnant and parenting teens.
Author: Long VA; Martin T; Janson-Sand C
Source: Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2002 Mar;102(3 Suppl):S86-S89.
Abstract: The Great Beginnings curriculum resulted in participants achieving outcome objectives for healthy teenage childbearing. The experimental group demonstrated significantly better outcomes in nutrition knowledge, maintenance of diet quality adequate for pregnancy, mean maternal weight gain, and mean infant birth weight. When compared with the C-l group, the experimental group demonstrated a significantly better outcome in low-birth-weight incidence, nutrition knowledge, and maintenance of diet quality adequate for pregnancy. Based on the results of this study, pregnant adolescents receiving the Great Beginnings curriculum achieved healthier birth outcomes than those not receiving the curriculum. Participation in Great Beginnings does make a substantial difference in the health status of the adolescents for whom it was intended. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
NEW HAMPSHIRE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | EVALUATION REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | TESTING | STATISTICAL STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | NUTRITION PROGRAMS | IMPACT | KNOWLEDGE | NUTRITION | DIET | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Evaluation | Research Methodology | Measurement | Studies | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Communication | Pregnancy | Reproduction
Document Number: 177608

11.
Title: Teenage pregnancy: no easy answers.
Source: NEWSOURCE. 1997 Summer;:1.
Abstract: While teen pregnancy and birth rates have risen in other parts of the country, rates in New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine have declined in the past 5 years and are well below the national averages. New Hampshire and Vermont have the lowest teen birth rates in the country, while Maine has the highest rate of oral contraceptive use among sexually active teens nationwide. Education and family planning services are essential components of what is needed to eliminate teen pregnancy. The President of Planned Parenthood of Northern New England (PPNNE) understands that teens need a place in which they feel comfortable and can get honest information and answers. To that end, PPNNE provides teens, often without an appointment, with birth control, screening for infection with sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy testing, counseling, and education. PPNNE works both with families and individual teens, making sure to serve even at risk and hard to reach populations. A teenage pregnancy prevention project with King Street Youth Center in Burlington, VT, works with at risk teens for 5 years, helping them to complete high school, find and keep part-time jobs, and learn about their capabilities and strengths. Teens who complete the program and graduate from high school are guaranteed acceptance into a local college or university.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | VERMONT | NEW HAMPSHIRE | MAINE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | SEX EDUCATION | HEALTH EDUCATION | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | IPPF | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Organizations | International Agencies
Document Number: 128235

12.
Title: Cervical caps and the women's health movement: feminists as "advocate researchers".
Author: Gallagher D
Source: In: Issues in reproductive technology I: an anthology, edited by Helen Bequaert Holmes. New York, New York, Garland Publishing, 1992. :87-94. (Garland Reference Library of Social Science Vol. 729)
Abstract: In the 1970s, feminist clinics especially those on the East and West coasts introduced cervical caps. Lay workers and licensed practitioners learned how to fit the cape themselves. They ordered the caps from the company but in the fall of 1979, US officials seized cap shipments at entry ports. Just prior to the seizure, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed classifying the cervical cap as a Class II device for just menses collection and helping with artificial insemination. In early 1980, FDA required cap providers to obtain an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) number to enable them to continue fitting cervical caps. This required them to submit a locally approved study protocol to FDA by January 1981. FDA upgraded the cervical cap to Class III (contraceptive use). The National Women's Health Network and the New Hampshire Feminist Health Center protested the existing IDE regulations since grass roots and feminist providers could not conduct the required research in the time period and continue providing care to present cap users. Their greatest obstacle was access to or creation of the required local Institutional Review Board (IRB) which reviews and approves study protocols. Their vocal dissension resulted in the unprecedented granting of an IDE number by the IRB which allowed the feminist centers to continue cervical cap service while controlled clinical trials were investigating the cap. Involvement in the approval process launched feminists into leadership roles in choosing the US and Canadian distributor and even within the distribution company. Even though lay workers were allowed to fit caps and were instrumental in obtaining FDA approval, only those who had fitted caps as investigational devices could continue to fit them since FDA considers caps a prescription device. They also trained other fitters, but the company did not consider training a priority resulting in geographic obstacles and prohibitive fees for potential fitters.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW HAMPSHIRE | CANADA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | CRITIQUE | CERVICAL CAP | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | LEGISLATION | WOMEN'S GROUPS | PARAMEDICAL PERSONNEL | CONTRACEPTION RESEARCH | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | OBSTACLES | POLITICAL FACTORS | WOMEN | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | North America, Northern | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Organizations | Interest Groups | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Technology | Economic Factors | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 077486

13.
Title: A lender that banks on people. Building credit and communities in New England.
Author: Reardon C
Source: FORD FOUNDATION REPORT. 1992 Fall;23(3):9-13.
Abstract: By extending credit to small struggling businesses, microlending has fostered economic development in many areas of the world where agriculture and industry can employ only a small fraction of the work force. An inventive lending program in New Hampshire (US), Working Capital, extends small amounts of credit to low-income entrepreneurs who would not qualify for conventional financing. Interested business owners form their own "borrowing groups" and approve or reject each other's loan applications. Borrowers who repay qualify for increasingly larger loans of up to US$5000 at roughly the market interest rate. In 2 years of operation, Working Capital has loaned US$200,000 to 200 small businesses in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Vermont. To date, only 16 borrowers have failed to repay their loans.
Language: English
Keywords:
NEW HAMPSHIRE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | FUNDS | COMMERCE | LOW INCOME POPULATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors
Document Number: 143248

14.
Title: Economic woes mean cuts to family planning services.
Source: CONTRACEPTIVE TECHNOLOGY UPDATE. 1991 Jul;12(7):104, 109-10.
Abstract: Due to budget cuts at the federal, state, and local levels, family planning clinics that rely in public funding are facing financial hardship. In 1980, the federal government provided $162 million for family planning under Title 10. But for 1991, the allocation was down to $140 million. Compared to 1980, there are 100 fewer government-funded clinics providing family planning. Many health clinics have simply ceased providing such services. The Community Family Planning Council in New York City is one of those organizations that has suffered severely from the cutbacks. Previously operating 12 family planning clinics, the council had no choice but to close 3 clinics that served about 10,000 low-income women, after the city's Human Resource Administration (HRA) cut $1 million from the council's budget. For 1992, HRA plans increase the cut to $2.3 million. The majority of the women affected are part of the "working poor," women who work for minimum wage. Family planners say that, in the long run, the consequences of the cutbacks will be more expensive for the city. Many women will have unwanted pregnancies, and many will be forced to quit their jobs to care for the baby, relying on public assistance and Medicaid. As the council has argued to city officials, family planning programs are cost effective. The council estimates that their programs prevent about 4500 pregnancies and 2000 abortions each year, which saves the city $15 million a year social services. Massive cutbacks also threaten family planning services in New Hampshire, where legislators where proposing to cut all funding. After pleas from family planners, the state is not looking at 45% reduction. A bright note has been California, where evidence to the cost-effectiveness of family planning convinced the governor to propose a $10 million increase for 1992.
Language: English
Keywords:
NEW YORK | CALIFORNIA | NEW HAMPSHIRE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | FAMILY PLANNING CENTERS | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | COST EFFECTIVENESS | LOW INCOME POPULATION | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | ABORTION | CHANGES | WOMEN | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Social Change
Document Number: 066946 Notification

15.
Title: An Act to amend Article 15 of Chapter 6 of Title 40 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to serious traffic offenses, so as to define the offenses of feticide by vehicle in the first degree and feticide by vehicle in the second degree; to provide penalties; to repeal conflicting laws; and for other purposes [12 April 1991].
Author: United States. Georgia
Source: GEORGIA LAWS. 1991;:1109-10. Act No. 460 of 1991.
Abstract: This legal act adds the following language to the Official Code of Georgia Annotated: "40-6-393.1. (a) (1) A person commits the offense of feticide by vehicle in the first degree if he causes the death of an unborn child so far developed as to be ordinarily called 'quick' by any injury to the mother of such child through the violation of Code Section 40-6-390 or 40-6-391, which would be homicide by vehicle in the first degree as provided in subsection (a) or (c) of Code Section 40-6-393 if it resulted in the death of such mother. (2) A person convicted of the offense of feticide by vehicle in the first degree shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than 2 years nor more than 15 years. (b) (1) A person commits the offense of feticide by vehicle in the second degree if he causes the death of an unborn child so far developed as to be ordinarily called 'quick' by any injury to the mother of such child by violating any provision of this title other than Code Section 40-6-390 or 40-6-391, which would be homicide by vehicle in the second degree as provided in subsection (b) of Code Section 40-6-393 if it resulted in the death of such mother. (2) A person convicted of the offense of feticide by vehicle in the second degree shall be punished as provided in Code Section 17-10-3." On 13 May 1991, New Hampshire amended its criminal statutes relating to first and second degree assault to encompass injuries resulting in miscarriage in the definition of those crimes. See Laws of the State of New Hampshire, Chapter 75, 1991, pp. 114-115.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | GEORGIA (UNITED STATES) | NEW HAMPSHIRE | LAWS AND STATUTES | FETUS | HOMICIDE | SOCIAL PROTECTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Crime | Social Problems
Document Number: 086685

16.
Title: County characteristics and elderly net migration rates: a three-decade regional analysis.
Author: Meyer JW
Source: RESEARCH ON AGING. 1987 Sep;9(3):441-56.
Abstract: A model comprising county characteristics measuring amenities, urbanization, service characteristics, and sociodemographic characteristics explains substantial proportions of the variation in new migration rates for the young and old elderly for 3 different decades in New England (1940-1950, 1950-1960, and 1970-1980). Over time (1940-1980), both the net migration rate patterns of the 2 age groups and the county characteristics that made significant contributions to explanation of the 2 groups' rates become more similar. The model is least successful for the 1950-1960 decade, suggesting support for the turnaround thesis. However, at the regional scale of analysis, both amenity and urbanization characteristics associated with high rates of net migration do not substantiate a turnaround in migration behavior. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH AMERICA | OLDER ADULTS | ADULTS | OLDER ADULTS, 80 AND OVER | INTERNAL MIGRATION | MIGRATION | CONNECTICUT | MAINE | MASSACHUSETTS | NEW HAMPSHIRE | RHODE ISLAND | VERMONT | TIME FACTORS | URBANIZATION | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | THEORETICAL MODELS | Developed Countries | Americas | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Economic Factors | Research Methodology
Document Number: 208153

17.
Title: Parental consent for abortion: impact of the Massachusetts law.
Author: Cartoof VG; Klerman LV
Source: American Journal of Public Health. 1986 Apr;76(4):397-400.
Abstract: This study assessed the impact of the Massachusetts' parental consent law, which requires unmarried women under age 18 to obtain parental or judicial consent before having an abortion. The law was implemented in 1981 after several years of legislative and judicial debate. Data were analyzed on monthly totals of abortions and births to Massachusetts minors and non-minors prior to and following the implementation of the law. The time period stretched from 1977 through 1982. Data were also collected on Massachusetts minors obtaining abortions in 5 surrounding states from 1980-1982. The data were examined for trend, and analyzed statistically using a univariate time series method. Interviews held with abortion clinic counselors and administrators helped to approximate the proportion of minors choosing each consent option after the law went into effect. Findings indicate that 1/2 as many minors obtained abortions in the state during the 20 months after the law went into effect as had done so previously. More than 1800 minors residing in Massachusetts traveled to 5 surrounding states during these 20 months to avoid the statute's mandates. This group accounts for the reduction in in-state abortions. A small number of minors (50 to 100) bore children rather than abort during 1982, perhaps because of the law. Findings suggest that this state's parental consent law had little effect on adolescents' pregnancy resolution behavior.
Language: English
Keywords:
MASSACHUSETTS | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH AMERICA | ABORTION LAW | JURISPRUDENCE | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | INFORMED CONSENT | PARENTS | ABORTION RATE | ABORTION | DATA ANALYSIS | RESEARCH REPORT | CHANGES | NEW HAMPSHIRE | RHODE ISLAND | CONNECTICUT | MAINE | NEW YORK | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Research Methodology | Social Change
Document Number: 268660 Notification

18.
Title: Letting the people decide: how the antiabortion referenda fared.
Author: Donovan P
Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 1986 May/Jun;18(3):127-8, 144.
Abstract: On election Day, 1985, voters in 3 New England towns--Bristol, Connecticut, Dover and Derry, New Hampshire-- were asked to decide whether the US Supreme Court's decision of Roe v. Wade legalizing abortion should be overturned. In each town, voters decisively rejected the proposition that Roe v. Wade should be set aside. The Bristol initiative was sponsored by the Reverend Patrick Mahoney, a fundamentalist minister. Opposition to the Bristol referendum, was led by the Coalition Against Referendum I (CARE I), which was made up of members of Planned Parenthood, abortion rights and women's groups, and environmental and progressive political groups, as well as students from Wesleyan and Yale Universities. A poll of Bristol voters conducted by CARE I showed that a majority of voters favored reversal of Roe v. Wade. The poll also indicated, however, that voters prized their privacy, resented government interference in family life, respected Supreme Court decisions and regarded a local referendum an inappropriate vehicle for expressing opinions on emotional issues like abortion. CARE I's advertising campaign stressed the personal nature of the abortion decision, as well as the issue of privacy vs. government interference. Opponents of the referenda introduced in Dover and Derry, New Hampshire, adopted the same basic campaign themes as those used by CARE I. Opponents bought no advertising. They relied exclusively on calling voters. The strategy of sponsoring local referenda may not end with the failure of the antiabortion activists in Bristol, Derry and Dover. The results of those efforts, however, must raise serious doubts about their effectiveness.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH AMERICA | DECISION MAKING | ABORTION | CONNECTICUT | NEW HAMPSHIRE | HUMAN RIGHTS | COMMUNICATION | IEC | OPPOSITION TO FAMILY PLANNING | INFLUENTIALS | INTEREST GROUPS | ABORTION LAW | JURISPRUDENCE | SUMMARY REPORT | IPPF | UNIVERSITIES | Americas | Developed Countries | Behavior | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Knowledge Sources | Political Factors | International Agencies | Organizations | Schools | Education
Document Number: 037327 Notification

19.
Title: Northeast: 1984 population and 1983 per capita income estimates for counties and incorporated places.
Author: Starsinic DE
Source: CURRENT POPULATION REPORTS. SERIES P-26, LOCAL POPULATION ESTIMATES. 1986 Jun;(84-NE-SC):i-iv, 1-82.
Abstract: This report is 1 of 5 regional reports containing current estimates of July 1, 1984, population and calendar year 1983 per capita money income for all general purpose government units in each state in the Northeast US. Areas included in this series of reports are 1) counties (or county equivalents), 2) incorporated places, and 3) active minor civil divisions (MCDs). The detailed tables show the July 1, 1984, population estimate and the April 1, 1980, census population for each area, along with the numerical and percentage change between 1980 and 1984. In addition, they present the 1983 per capita money income estimates, together with the 1979 per capita money income and the percentage change between these 2 figures. These estimates are presented for each state in the region in county order, with all incorporated places in each county listed in alphabetical order, followed by any functioning MCDs also listed in alphabetical order.
Language: English
Keywords:
CONNECTICUT | MAINE | MASSACHUSETTS | NEW HAMPSHIRE | NEW JERSEY | NEW YORK | PENNSYLVANIA | RHODE ISLAND | VERMONT | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH AMERICA | POPULATION SIZE | INCOME | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | TABLES AND CHARTS | STATISTICS | AREA ANALYSIS | Developed Countries | Americas | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Research Methodology
Document Number: 206205

20.
Title: Longterm migration patterns of the elderly: a typology based on the New England case.
Author: Meyer JW
Source: Providence, Rhode Island, Brown University, Population Studies and Training Center, 1985. 23 p. (PSTC Working Paper Series No. WP-85-05)
Abstract: This study develops a typology of long-term trends (1930-1980) in elderly migration rates in the US, focusing on intraregional variation by county rather than national variation. It examines the longitudinal variation in net migration patterns of the young (65-74) and old (75+) elderly in New England's 67 counties. The 1st phase of the analysis bases migration rate types on temporal patterns. The 2nd phase generalizes from the temporally descriptive types to a typology based on county characteristics. About 60% of the 134 possible categorization fall into 3 categories (positive rate, negative rate, and turnaround counties)k. About 1/2 the counties have similar patterns for both the young and old elderly. Counties falling into the miscellaneous category have mixed patterns of losses and gains over time. The author then uses discriminating variables in differentiating the 4 categories in the typology. For the young-old population, the 13 variables can be used to correctly categorize 76.1% of the counties. Almost 2/3 of the counties can be correctly classified into the 4 categories of the 75 and over population's net migration typology. The positive-rate category, with positive net migration rates for 5 decades, is clearly associated with counties that have a long-standing retirement and recreation reputation. Counties with large, old, declining cities comprise the bulk of the negative-rate category. The turnaround category with negative net migration rates followed by increasingly positive rates, consists of counties that have become migration destinations more recently-- nonmetropolitan, with recently developed recreational resources. At a national level, the age factor may be more important in the analysis of net migration rates.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | CONNECTICUT | NEW HAMPSHIRE | RHODE ISLAND | VERMONT | MASSACHUSETTS | OLDER ADULTS | OLDER ADULTS, 80 AND OVER | MIGRATION | TURNAROUND MIGRATION | COUNTIES | TIME FACTORS | POPULATION SIZE | MOTIVATION | INCOME | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Internal Migration | Administrative Districts | Geographic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 203872

21.
Title: New Hampshire: 1982 population estimates and 1981 per capita income estimates for counties, incorporated places, and selected minor civil divisions.
Author: United States. Bureau of the Census
Source: Current Population Reports, Series P-26: Federal-State Cooperative Program for Population Estimates. 1984 Sep;(82-29-SC):1-9.
Abstract:
Language: English
Keywords:
POPULATION SIZE | INCOME DISTRIBUTION | NEW HAMPSHIRE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | STATISTICS | URBAN POPULATION | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Income | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics
Document Number: 206240

23.
Title: Spatial aggregation in gravity models: 4. Generalisations and large-scale applications.
Author: Batty M; Sikdar PK
Source: Environment and Planning A. 1982 Jun;14(6):795-822.
Abstract: "This paper is concerned with applying and extending a methodology for analysing spatial aggregation in gravity models developed in three earlier papers to a larger scale and hence more realistic example of spatial interaction than has been treated so far." Seven models are generated and applied to four levels of aggregation of the spatial interaction pattern in Edmonton, Alberta. (EXCERPT)
Language: English
Keywords:
CANADA | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | THEORETICAL MODELS | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | POPULATION DENSITY | DATA ANALYSIS | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | NEW HAMPSHIRE | MASSACHUSETTS | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | United States of America | North America
Document Number: 204290

24.
Title: Anti-urbanism and nonmetropolitan growth: a reevaluation
Author: Ilvento TW; Luloff AE
Source: Rural Sociology. 1982 Summer;47(2):220-33.
Abstract: "This paper reexamines the concept of anti-urbanism to determine its usefulness in the decision-making process of actual migrants who crossed state boundaries. A 1978 New Hampshire survey of Massachusetts in-migrants was used to examine the relationship between size of place preferences, size of origin and size of place moved to. Proximity to a metropolitan area was also examined to determine its impact on respondents acting out their residential preferences." (EXCERPT)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | INTERNAL MIGRATION | RURAL POPULATION | RURAL POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | NEW HAMPSHIRE | MASSACHUSETTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors
Document Number: 243460

25.
Title: Winds of change over New England.
Author: Russell C
Source: American Demographics. 1982 May;4(5):33-7.
Abstract: The author uses data from the 1980 U.S. census to demonstrate that the six New England states took two divergent demographic paths during the 1970s. The three northern states of Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine matched the high population growth rates of the Sunbelt, whereas the three more southerly states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut followed the pattern of other industrial states of the Northeast and only grew by 1.2 percent over the decade. Trends in household composition, metropolitan growth, and housing are also discussed. (ANNOTATION)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | VERMONT | NEW HAMPSHIRE | MAINE | MASSACHUSETTS | RHODE ISLAND | CONNECTICUT | POPULATION DYNAMICS | POPULATION GROWTH | CENSUS | HOUSEHOLDS | URBAN POPULATION | HOUSING | CHANGES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Population Characteristics | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Social Change
Document Number: 207020

26.
Title: Changes in the characteristics of in and out migrants in the Northeast Region 1960 to 1975
Author: Steahr TE
Source: Storrs, Conn, University of Connecticut, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, 1982. 48 p. (Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin no. 463)
Abstract: "This report is part of a long-term project studying the impact of in and out migration and population redistribution in the Northeast Region [of the United States]." The report contains an analysis of net migration movements between 1960 and 1975. The primary objectives of the analysis are to identify the number and characteristics of migrants and nonmigrants and to determine reasons for and satisfaction with migration for in-migrants. (EXCERPT)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | INTERNAL MIGRATION | MIGRANTS | MAINE | VERMONT | NEW HAMPSHIRE | MASSACHUSETTS | CONNECTICUT | MARYLAND | NEW YORK | NEW JERSEY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 243428

27.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Women-oriented health care: New Hampshire Feminist Health Center.
Author: Bruce J
Source: Studies in Family Planning. 1981 Oct;12(10):353-63.
Abstract: The New Hampshire Feminist Health Center is a legally licensed, nonprofit women's health center in Concord and Portsmouth. 1 of a number of women's health services in the US, it is an important example of women designing, managing, and directly providing health, gynecological, abortion, and family planning services to a broad cross section of women. Through both its staffing pattern and the informational content of its services, the Center seeks to provide women with the means to take responsibility for their health and, by implication, for broader aspects of their lives. This report describes activities of the Center, including direct services; a resource center; grants program; its newsletter, "Women Wise"; research on and distribution of the cervical cap; and workshops for health professionals, physicians, and others. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
HEALTH SERVICES | SUMMARY REPORT | WOMEN | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | WOMEN'S STATUS | NEW HAMPSHIRE | HEALTH FACILITIES | HEALTH PERSONNEL | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | PRIVATELY SPONSORED PROGRAMS | GRANTS | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Demographic Factors | Population | Programs | Organization and Administration | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Management | Financial Activities
Document Number: 004646

28.
Title: Solitary women and family mediation in America and French textile cities
Author: Hareven TK; Tilly LA
Source: Annales de Demographie Historique. 1981;:253-71.
Abstract: Patterns of women's position in households around 1900 are compared for two industrial textile cities, Manchester, New Hampshire, and Roubaix, France. The authors first examine the household position of women in comparison with that of men in each city. They then analyze residential arrangements of men and women by age group in order to examine the proportions of individuals living in families, those living on their own or as single heads of households, and those living in households of nonrelatives. The data are taken from nominal census records. The relationships among national origins, occupation, and female residential patterns are also analyzed. The results indicate that for the great majority of women, the customary residential pattern was that of a familial or surrogate familial setting, although there were more women living alone or as heads of households in Roubaix than in Manchester. (summary in FRE)
Language: English
Keywords:
FRANCE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW HAMPSHIRE | FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS | HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY | UNMARRIED | HOUSEHOLDS | HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN'S STATUS | ONE PERSON HOUSEHOLD | FAMILY LIFE CYCLE | AGE FACTORS | WOMEN | ETHNIC GROUPS | OCCUPATIONS | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Family and Household | Demography | Social Sciences | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Studies | Research Methodology | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Family Research | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Human Resources
Document Number: 245676

29.
Title: Demographic influences on the labor force in New England
Author: Masnick G
Source: In: New England's vital resource: the labor force, edited by John C. Hoy and Melvin H. Bernstein. Washington, D.C, American Council on Education, 1981. :36-64. (In series: A Futures of New England Book)
Abstract: The relation of various demographic changes to New England's future labor force over the next decade are the subject of this discussion. Demographic changes in New England during the next 10 years will be dominated by 5 trends already in evidence in the 1970s: the continuation of the pattern of marked change in age structures of all states and regions as a legacy of historical patterns of fertility; a sharp divergence in growth rates between the 3 northern tier states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont and the 3 southernmost states as Massachusetts and Connecticut follow the lead of Rhode Island and move in the direction of population decline; the ascendancy of net migration over natural increase as the most important force shaping the growth patterns of states and the region; a continuation of growth in small towns and rural areas and an even sharper decline in growth in metropolitan areas than experienced over the past decade; and an increase in the role of foreign immigration, both legal and illegal, in changing the ethnic mix of particular central cities of metropolitan areas. With a population less than 6% of the national total, the New England states run the gamut of demographic characteristics that describe the US as a whole. Several themes about the implications of these population trends for New England's labor force emerge from the data. The first relates to the labor force problems that stem from the loss of momentum for total population growth in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island and in the 15-24 age group in all states. Next is the recognition that New England's pattern of late fertility and small family size places the female population in a particularly good position to form strong attachments to the labor force. Third is the key role that small towns and rural areas can play in attracting and holding onto employers and employees. Fourth is the problem of the aging of the baby boom generation into the phase of their lives when traditionally there have been strong expectations for upward job mobility but where the prospects for mobility in classical terms--promotion, salary increase, and a greater role in company decision making--appear to be limited. The question arises as to what should be done to minimize the impacts of a declining population base and a shrinking entry level labor force. The 25-34 age group could possible be viewed as an alternative source of labor for jobs normally held by those 10 years younger in order to counterbalance the negative growth of the 15-24 year olds. It is expected that the decline in the size of the 15-24 age group projected over the next decade will shift more attention toward women as a source of labor.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | NEW HAMPSHIRE | VERMONT | CONNECTICUT | MASSACHUSETTS | RHODE ISLAND | POPULATION DYNAMICS | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | LABOR FORCE | POPULATION PROJECTION | AGE DISTRIBUTION CHANGES | POPULATION GROWTH | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | MIGRATION | NATURAL INCREASE | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | TURNAROUND MIGRATION | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | ETHNIC GROUPS | URBAN POPULATION | NONMETROPOLITAN POPULATION | INTERNAL MIGRATION | POPULATION SIZE | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | CHANGES | MIGRANTS | FAMILY SIZE | AGE SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Estimation Techniques | Research Methodology | Age Distribution | Age Factors | Cultural Background | Social Change | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility
Document Number: 018132

30.
Title: Towards recovery of the cervical cap.
Author: Fairbanks B
Source: [Unpublished] 1979 Spring. 19 p.
Abstract: This paper aims to create a reawareness of the effectiveness and acceptability of the cervical cap as a contraceptive option. In addition to outlining the cap's mechanism of action and relative advantages over the diaphragm, the paper reviews the history of this method. Although widely used in Europe in the late 19th and 20th centuries, the cap has been largely inaccessible in the US. This is attributed to unfounded professional bias against fertility control methods that rely primarily on the motivation of the user and to the lack of profits involved in cap manufacture. It is noted, however, that many women are currently seeking contraceptive methods without longterm effects or hormonal and uterine interference. The cervical cap provides a virtually risk-free method for women who want to actively control their own reproductive health. Only a few nurse practitioners, physicians, and laypersons in the US are trained to fit cervical caps, with the largest number concentrated in New Hampshire. The New Hampshire Feminist Health Center has provided over 200 caps since 1978 and trained teams of women to fit others. Only 50-60% of women who seek the device from the center can be fitted due to the limited range of sizes and types of caps available. The paper further addresses 2 controversies surrounding the cervical cap: the length of time it can be left in place, and the need for combining the mechanical barrier with a chemical barrier. Review of the little research available on this method suggests that although the device can remain in place for several weeks, a shorter interval is preferable. It appears that the cap alone provides sufficient protection from pregnancy; however, many women use spermicides at or near ovulation as a backup method.
Language: English
Keywords:
NEW HAMPSHIRE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH AMERICA | CERVICAL CAP | EVALUATION | BARRIER METHODS | CONTRACEPTION | Developed Countries | Americas | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Family Planning
Document Number: 019849


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