1.  Peer Reviewed Title: ACOG Committee Opinion No. 427: Misoprostol for postabortion care. Author: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Feb;113(2 Pt 1):465-8. Abstract: The World Health Organization estimates that 67,000 women, mostly in developing countries, die each year from untreated or inadequately treated abortion complications. Postabortion care, a term commonly used by the international reproductive health community, refers to a specific set of services for women experiencing problems from all types of spontaneous or induced abortion. There is increasing evidence that misoprostol is a safe, effective, and acceptable method to achieve uterine evacuation for women needing postabortion care. To reduce maternal mortality, availability of postabortion care services must be increased. Misoprostol must be readily available especially for women who do not otherwise have access to postabortion care. Nurses and midwives can safely provide first-line postabortion care services, including in outpatient settings,provided they receive appropriate training and support. Access to contraception and safe abortion services prevents complications from unsafe abortion and decreases the need for postabortion care. It is much less expensive and far better for women's health to prevent the problem of unsafe abortion rather than to treat resulting complications. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | ABORTION | ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS | POSTABORTION CARE | MISOPROSTOL | HEALTH SERVICES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | MATERNAL MORTALITY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Prostaglandins, Synthetic | Prostaglandins | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341050 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: Unmet need for contraception among HIV-positive women in Lesotho and implications for mother-to-child transmission. Author: Adair T Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2009 Mar;41(2):269-78. Abstract: In Lesotho, the risk of mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV is substantial; women of childbearing age have a high HIV prevalence rate (26.4%), low knowledge of HIV status and a total fertility rate of 3.5 births per woman. An effective means of preventing MTCT is to reduce unwanted fertility. This paper examines the unmet need for contraception to limit and space births among HIV-positive women in Lesotho aged 15-49 years, using the 2004 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey. HIV-positive women have their need for contraception unmet in almost one-third of cases, and multivariate analysis reveals this unmet need is most likely amongst the poor and amongst those not approving of family planning. Urgent action is needed to lower the level of unmet need and reduce MTCT. A constructive strategy is to improve access to family planning for all women in Lesotho, irrespective of HIV status, and, more specifically, integrate family planning with MTCT prevention and voluntary counselling and testing services. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | URBAN POPULATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | KNOWLEDGE | CONTRACEPTION | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | BIRTH SPACING | POVERTY | ATTITUDES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Data Analysis | Population Characteristics | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Evaluation | Socioeconomic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331114 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: Examining the geographical heterogeneity associated with risk of mistimed and unwanted pregnancy in Ghana. Author: Amoako Johnson F; Madise NJ Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2009 Mar;41(2):249-67. Abstract: After a decade of fertility decline, Ghana's fertility and the level of unmet need for contraception stalled in mid-transition in the late 1990s. Although the literature acknowledges this, the geographical patterns in unmet need have not been adequately documented. Spatial analysis of unmet need can reveal differences in usage and provision of contraceptive commodities, thereby pointing to geographical areas where contraceptive programmes should be strengthened. This study examines the geographical variation of the risk of mistimed and unwanted pregnancies between rural communities and also between urban communities of the three ecological zones of Ghana. The study also investigates if geographical differences in the risks of mistimed and unwanted pregnancies changed during the period when unmet need stalled at the national level. A multilevel regression model was applied to pooled data from the 1998 and 2003 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys to examine the determinants of the risk of unintended pregnancies, while controlling for clustering of outcomes within communities. The results show that between the two surveys, there was no significant change in the levels of risk of mistimed and unwanted pregnancy. However, geographical heterogeneity in the risk of mistimed and unwanted pregnancy was observed, after controlling for relevant predictors. This showed concentration of mistimed pregnancies in some rural communities relative to others, and variation in the risk of unwanted pregnancies between urban communities. The results give a clear indication that bridging the inequality gap in contraceptive use requires programmes that are area-specific. Language: English Keywords: GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | NEEDS | HETEROGENEITY | FERTILITY DECLINE | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | INEQUALITIES | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Reproductive Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning | Socioeconomic Factors | Evaluation Document Number: 331181 |
| 4. Peer Reviewed Title: [Sexual behavior and emergency contraception among adolescents from public schools in Pernambuco State, Brazil] Comportamento sexual e contracepcao de emergencia entre adolescentes de escolas Author: Araujo MS; Costa LO Source: Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2009 Mar;25(3):551-62. Abstract: This study examined knowledge and use of emergency contraception among 4,210 adolescents (14-19 years) enrolled in public schools in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The authors collected information with the Global School-Based Student Health Survey, previously validated. Knowledge, frequency, and form of use of emergency contraception were investigated. Independent variables were classified as sociodemographic and those related to sexual behavior. Most adolescents reported knowing and having received information about the method, but among those who had already used it, only 22.1% had done so correctly. Adjusted regression analysis showed greater likelihood of knowledge about the method among girls and the sexually initiated, while rural residents were 68% less knowledgeable. Rural residents showed 1.68 times higher odds of incorrect use, while girls showed 71% lower likelihood of incorrect use. Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | RURAL POPULATION | ADOLESCENTS | KNOWLEDGE | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SEX EDUCATION | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Education | Evaluation Document Number: 330737 |
5.  Title: Zambia: National long term forecasting and quantification for family planning commodities, 2009-2015. Author: Bwembya M; Mbewe RK Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2009. 23 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Abstract: In December 2008, the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Society for Family Health (SFH), with technical assistance from the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, conducted a national long term quantification of contraceptive needs from 2009 -2015. The quantification's overall objective was to calculate the contraceptive requirements for each year of the forecast period and to use those requirements to mobilize resources for the country to support contraceptive commodity security. This report presents the findings of the quantification as well as the methodology used and assumptions made to arrive at these findings. Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | SUMMARY REPORT | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | USAID | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE SECURITY | COLD CHAIN | LOGISTICS | FUNDS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Programs | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Evaluation | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Availability | Management | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 331474 |
| 6. Title: Advocacy to improve global health: Strategies and stories from the field. Author: Cokelet E; Wilson R Source: Washington, D.C., Program for Appropriate Technology in Health [PATH], 2009 Mar. 11 p. Abstract: By influencing the priorities and actions of those in power, PATH works to create a policy environment that supports good health. This workbook provides examples of how PATH uses ten key steps for strategic advocacy to achieve lasting policy change. The collection of stories are intended to serve as a resource to help global health implementers and advocates more deliberately develop strategies to achieve policy goals. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION RESEARCH | CASE STUDIES | TARGET POPULATION | INFLUENTIALS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ADVOCACY | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | HEALTH POLICY | SOCIAL POLICY | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | DECISION MAKING | SOCIAL CHANGE | Studies | Research Methodology | Evaluation Methodology | Evaluation | Program Design | Programs | Organization and Administration | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Planning | Behavior Document Number: 331353 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Preventing HIV among adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa. Author: DiClemente RJ; Crosby RA Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2009 Feb;44(2):101-102. Abstract: The prospect of HIV infection remains one of the most significant public health risks facing adolescents. Twenty-five percent of all global HIV infections occur among people between the ages of 15 and 24 years, with new infections among some subgroups reaching record proportions. Sub-Saharan Africa has been disproportionately impacted by the HIV epidemic, as approximately threequarters of all youth living with HIV/AIDS reside there with HIV the leading cause of death among adolescents/ young adults 15 to 29 years old. Sub-Saharan Africa is a richly diverse mosaic of nations, cultures, traditions, customs, languages, and religions. Likewise, the HIV epidemic is fueled by concurrent epidemics of poverty, internecine conflict, deeply embedded cultural practices, and of course, other prevalent diseases. Understanding the full spectrum of issues and subsequently creating efficacious HIV risk-reduction interventions for sub-Saharan adolescents will require intensified research efforts. The articles in this issue of the Journal of Adolescent Health shed light on factors that drive the HIV epidemic, and offer promise for designing prevention programs. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS | HIV PREVENTION | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | COUNSELING | HIV TESTING | Africa | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Evaluation | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 330165 |
| 8. Title: A learning agenda. Author: Eichler R; Levine R Source: In: Performance incentives for global health: potential and pitfalls [by] Rena Eichler, Ruth Levine and the Performance-Based Incentives Working Group. Washington, D.C., Center for Global Development, 2009. :79-86. Abstract: What elements of performance incentive programs lead to success? What pitfalls can be avoided? When do performance-based programs generate more bang for the buck than other approaches? What tools are needed to help governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) put performance-based financing in place? Moving beyond the monitoring and evaluation that should be a part of any performance-based program (chapter 4), here we propose an agenda for learning that extends beyond any individual country or program. It is about developing knowledge and tools that can be used widely, rigorously measuring and understanding what works across settings, and creating an ongoing way to share and learn among those who are implementing and studying performance-based programs. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | LITERATURE REVIEW | HEALTH PERSONNEL | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | WAGES | HEALTH SERVICES | EVALUATION | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Management | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331464 |
| 9. Title: Care-seeking behavior of women with reproductive health problems from low-income areas of Beirut. Author: El-Kak F; Khawaja M; Salem M; Zurayk H Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Jan;104(1):60-3. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the patterns of care-seeking behavior and provider choice of women with self-reported reproductive health problems from 3 urban communities in Beirut. METHODS: The study was based on a sample of 1869 completed questionnaires from 2051 eligible women (married or had been married, and between 15 and 59 years) obtained during the Urban Health Survey. Associations between community of residence, other background characteristics, and two outcome measures (health care usage and choice of provider) were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 1869 women assessed, 439 (23.5%) reported reproductive health problems; of these, 273 (62%) women sought care for their problems, with the majority (52.5%) using private providers. Younger age, health insurance, and severity and duration of problems were associated with use. Women with higher parity and those with financial problems were significantly more likely to use public and subsidized services. CONCLUSION: The private health sector needs to be more involved in planning, implementing, and offering reproductive health care in low-income communities. Language: English Keywords: LEBANON | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | LOW INCOME POPULATION | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH SERVICES | BEHAVIOR | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | Middle East | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Evaluation Document Number: 331193 |
| 10. Title: Funding cuts threaten women's access to contraception. UN warns that global economic crisis may hit reproductive health services around the world. Author: Ford L Source: Guardian. 2009 Apr 8;:[2] p. Posting to Katine Chronicles blog. Abstract: The article highlights the fears that the current financial crisis will lead to a shortfall in development financing available for family planning and in turn adversely affect the ability of developing nations to meet their Millenium Development Goals to improve women's wealth. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING | FUNDS | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | Evaluation | Health | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331361 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Rationing antiretroviral therapy in Africa--treating too few, too late. Author: Ford N; Mills E; Calmy A Source: New England Journal of Medicine. 2009 Apr 30;360(18):1808-10. Abstract: The past 6 years have seen striking advances in access to antiretroviral therapy in Africa. From 2002 onward, the international drive to scale up antiretroviral treatment gained considerable momentum, most notably with the establishment of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, the "3 by 5" Initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO), and the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The momentum has now begun to wane, with various groups arguing that the focus on AIDS has had its day and that health care funding should now be redirected to other areas, such as maternal and child health and primary care. But before the international community gives up on prioritizing care for patients with HIV infection, we believe that on-the-ground discussions must address not only whether enough has been done to scale up treatment but also whether the treatment that patients are receiving is good enough. The standard approach to HIV treatment in Africa is to wait until people are visibly sick, treat them with effective but poorly tolerated drugs, and then wait until they are sick again before switching regimens. There are several problems with this approach. The first is that too few people are receiving treatment. Second, we are waiting until people are symptomatic before they are treated. Another concern is that in most developing countries, patients are receiving drugs with major tolerability issues. Furthermore, not only should initial treatment begin earlier in developing countries, but when the first-line regimen fails, patients should also be switched earlier to another regimen. The drive to scale up antiretroviral treatment in Africa has encouraged a public health approach that promotes reaching the greatest number of patients with the simplest, most affordable regimens. We would argue that treating people when they are less sick with drugs that are less toxic and providing a simple tool for monitoring adherence and detecting treatment failure would be entirely consistent with this approach and would improve access to care by facilitating the decentralization of services from the hospital level to the clinic. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | HIV INFECTIONS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | TREATMENT | TIME FACTORS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | DRUG RESISTANCE | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | SIDE EFFECTS | HIV TRANSMISSION | HEALTH POLICY | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Evaluation Document Number: 341021 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Understanding women's experiences with medical abortion: In-depth interviews with women in two Indian clinics. Author: Ganatra B; Kalyanwala S; Elul B; Coyaji K; Tewari S Source: Global Public Health. 2009 May 8;:1-12. Abstract: We explored women's perspectives on using medical abortion, including their reasons for selecting the method, their experiences with it and their thoughts regarding demedicalisation of part or all of the process. Sixty-three women from two urban clinics in India were interviewed within four weeks of abortion completion using a semi-structured in-depth interview guide. While women appreciated the non-invasiveness of medical abortion, other factors influencing method selection were family support and distance from the facility. The degree of medicalisation that women wanted or felt was necessary also depended on the way expectations were set by their providers. Confirmation of abortion completion was a source of anxiety for many women and led to unnecessary interventions in a few cases. Ultimately, experiences depended more on women's expectations about the method, and on the level of emotional and logistic support they received rather than on inherent characteristics of the method. These findings emphasise the circumstances under which women make reproductive choices and underscore the need to tailor service delivery to meet women's needs. Women-centred counselling and care that takes into consideration individual circumstances are needed. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | URBAN POPULATION | ABORTION | PERCEPTION | MOTIVATION | FEAR | EMOTIONS | LOGISTICS | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | DECISION MAKING | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Puerperium | Reproduction | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Management | Organization and Administration | Evaluation Document Number: 341474 |
| 13. Title: [A fixed dose anti-HIV combination for the poor? Triomune] Triom une: la tritherapie du pauvre ? Author: Garcia MV; Mukeba-Tshialala D; Vaira D; Moutschen M Source: Revue Medicale De Liege. 2009 Jan;64(1):32-6. Abstract: Despite a relative global stabilization of its incidence, HIV infection remains a major threat for public health, principally in Africa where it concerns more than 22 million people and constitutes the first cause of death on the continent. To face the emergency of the HIV/AIDS epidemics on the African continent, the primary goal is to make available to all patients free and efficient antiretroviral medications. Such a goal cannot be dissociated from large scale prevention campaigns. In 2000, Triomune, one of the first fixed dose combinations of three antiretrovirals (stavudine, lamivudine & nevirapine) was launched by the Indian drug company Cipla, specialized in the production of low cost medications. Its convenient pill burden (one pill twice a day) and its very low cost (around 30 US $ per month) make Triomune an appealing solution for the treatment of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Unfortunately, Triomune presents several drawbacks (low genetic barrier, frequent side effects) and one of its constituents is not used in Europe anymore. Other first line treatments are urgently needed. Language: French Keywords: AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | INCIDENCE | LOW INCOME POPULATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | HIV INFECTIONS | FEES | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | TREATMENT | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Financial Activities | Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341155 |
| 14. Title: The Contraceptive Needs of Incarcerated Women. Author: Hale GJ; Oswalt KL; Cropsey KL; Villalobos GC; Ivey SE; Matthews CA Source: Journal of Women's Health. 2009 Jul 24; Abstract: Abstract Objectives: We assessed the contraceptive needs of women incarcerated in jails in the southeastern United States to determine feasible and effective birth control interventions based on the needs of this population. Methods: Participants were recruited from local jails around a medium-sized metro area. Participants completed a survey of demographics, sexual health, contraceptive use, and preferred method of contraception. Results: The survey was completed by 188 women in jail. Participants reported high rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (50.5%), inconsistent use of birth control (36.5%), and use of unreliable and user-dependent methods of birth control. The majority did not desire to become pregnant in the future (61.5%) but intended to have sex after release from jail (76.9%). Women who were able to bear children were more likely to report intentions to use birth control or STD protection after release (77.9%). Additionally, significant racial differences were found. Specifically, nonwhites were more likely to be single and have more STDs and less use of a variety of birth control methods than whites. Conclusions: Women in this sample were at high risk for unplanned pregnancies. Therefore, a primary contraceptive need for this population appeared to be education about longer lasting, user-independent forms of contraception. Many of these women would be ideal candidates for such forms of contraception, especially if it was provided prior to release. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | PRISONERS | WOMEN | ETHNIC GROUPS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Contraception | Family Planning | Evaluation | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases Document Number: 342329 |
| 15. Title: Application of evidence-based teaching in maternal and child health in remote Vietnam. Author: Hirst JE; Jeffery HE; Morris J; Foster K; Elliott EJ Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Feb;104(2):152-5. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop, implement, and evaluate an evidence-based multidisciplinary teaching program to improve maternal and infant health in remote Vietnam. METHODS: Needs assessments identified prevention of infection, neonatal resuscitation, and prevention of postpartum hemorrhage as primary targets. A 3-day workshop based on the small group, interactive, skills-based SCORPIO method was developed. Participants underwent formative written and performance-based assessments. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of course content and teaching method was conducted. RESULTS: Two annual workshops were conducted for 58 health professionals, all of whom demonstrated skills acquisition to an adequate standard on completion. The workshops were rated as good or excellent overall by 100% of the participants, who reported that the content would help with their clinical work and that the teaching method was acceptable and easy to understand. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated the SCORPIO method can be adapted to teach knowledge and clinical skills in remote Vietnam. Further work is needed to demonstrate an effect on health outcomes. Language: English Keywords: VIETNAM | RESEARCH REPORT | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | BLEEDING | HEALTH EDUCATION | CHILD HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Puerperium | Reproduction | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Education | Health Document Number: 330824 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Community knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on malaria in Swaziland: a country earmarked for malaria elimination. Author: Hlongwana KW; Mabaso ML; Kunene S; Govender D; Maharaj R Source: Malaria Journal. 2009;8:29. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The potential contribution of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) studies to malaria research and control has not received much attention in most southern African countries. This study investigated the local communities' understanding of malaria transmission, recognition of signs and symptoms, perceptions of cause, treatment-seeking patterns, preventive measures and practices in order to inform the country's proposed malaria elimination programme in Swaziland. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was undertaken in four Lubombo Spatial Development Initiative (LSDI) sentinel sites in Swaziland. These sentinel sites share borders with Mozambique. A structured questionnaire was administered to 320 randomly selected households. Only one adult person was interviewed per household. The interviewees were the heads of households and in the absence of the heads of households responsible adults above 18 years were interviewed. RESULTS: A substantial number of research participants showed reasonable knowledge of malaria, including correct association between malaria and mosquito bites, its potential fatal consequences and correct treatment practices. Almost 90% (n = 320) of the respondents stated that they would seek treatment within 24 hours of onset of malaria symptoms, with health facilities as their first treatment option. Most people (78%) perceived clinics and vector control practices as central to treating and preventing malaria disease. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage and bed net ownership were 87.2% and 38.8%, respectively. IRS coverage was in agreement with the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendation of more than 80% within the targeted communities. CONCLUSION: Despite fair knowledge of malaria in Swaziland, there is a need for improving the availability of information through the preferred community channels, such as tinkhundlas (districts), as well as professional health routes. This recommendation emerges along with the documented evidence suggesting that as the level transmission and disease decreases so does the perception about the importance of malaria control activities. Finally, given the relatively moderate ownership of bed net there is a need for future studies to evaluate the distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) compared with IRS. Language: English Keywords: SWAZILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | KNOWLEDGE | PERCEPTION | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | MALARIA | MALARIA PREVENTION | TRANSMISSION | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | INFORMATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Organization and Administration | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Diseases | Parasitic Diseases | Infections | Evaluation Document Number: 330813 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: Unmet need for contraception among sex workers in Madagascar. Author: Khan MR; Turner AN; Pettifor A; Van Damme K; Rabenja NL; Ravelomanana N; Swezey T; Williams D; Jamieson D; Behets F Source: Contraception. 2009 Mar;79(3):221-7. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The study was conducted to investigate past and future pregnancy preferences and contraceptive need among Malagasy sex workers. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed data on pregnancy and contraceptive use collected during the baseline visit of a randomized, prospective formative trial which assessed diaphragm and microbicide acceptability among sex workers. To be eligible, women could not be pregnant or planning pregnancy for the next 2 months. RESULTS: Women (N=192) from four cities (Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Mahajanga and Toamasina) reported a median of 10 sex acts per week. Fifty-two percent reported a prior unwanted pregnancy, 45% at least one induced abortion and 86% that preventing future pregnancy was moderately to very important. During the last sex act, 24% used a hormonal method, 36% used a male condom, 2% used a traditional method and 38% used no method. Nearly 30% of participants reported that pregnancy prevention was moderately or very important but used no contraception at last sex; these women were categorized as having "unmet need" for contraception. In multivariable binomial regression analyses, factors associated with unmet need included low knowledge of contraceptive effectiveness [age- and site-adjusted prevalence ratio (PR): 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-3.0] and low self-efficacy to negotiate condom use (age- and site-adjusted PR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.4-3.0). CONCLUSIONS: Among these women, prior unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion were common and preventing future pregnancy was important, yet gaps in contraceptive use were substantial. Contraceptive knowledge and self-efficacy should be improved to promote contraceptive use by sex workers. Language: English Keywords: MADAGASCAR | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | ABORTION RATE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | KNOWLEDGE | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Evaluation | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility Control, Postconception | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 330055 Notification |
| 18. Title: Audit for maternal and newborn health services in resource-poor countries. Author: Kongnyuy EJ; van den Broek N Source: BJOG. 2009 Jan;116(1):7-10. Abstract: Each year more than 536 000 women worldwide die from complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Many more survive but will suffer ill health and disability as a result of these complications. In addition, an estimated 4 million neonatal deaths occur each year, accounting for almost 40% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years. The key strategies that have been identified to reduce this global burden are the presence of skilled birth attendants, the availability of essential (or emergency) obstetric care4 and newborn care. To have major effects on maternal outcomes, it is crucial that these elements are not just available but also of high quality. And assessment of quality requires effective clinical audit. However, anyone who has undertaken a clinical audit will realise that the practice is not as simple as the theory, and 'closing the loop' (to achieve the desired endpoint of improvements in clinical care) is often difficult. So the process of clinical audit itself must be critically evaluated. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | INFANT | INFANT HEALTH | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | COST EFFECTIVENESS | MEASUREMENT | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Child Health | Health | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Evaluation | Management | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Research Methodology Document Number: 330471 |
| 19. Title: Pharmacist interest in and attitudes toward direct pharmacy access to hormonal contraception in the United States. Author: Landau S; Besinque K; Chung F; Dries-Daffner I; Maderas NM; McGhee BT; Foster DG Source: Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 2009 Jan-Feb;49(1):43-50. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess pharmacist interest, comfort level, and perceived barriers regarding providing pharmacist-initiated access to hormonal contraceptives (i.e., tablets, patches, rings, injectables, emergency contraception [EC]). DESIGN: Descriptive, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study. SETTING: United States between November 2004 and January 2005. PARTICIPANTS: 2,725 pharmacists working in community chain pharmacies (64%), community independent pharmacy (31%), and other practice settings, including hospitals and home care facilities (5%). INTERVENTION: Survey sent electronically by the American Pharmacists Association to a random sample of 14,142 of its 50,000 pharmacist members nationally. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pharmacist interest and comfort level in providing pharmacy access to hormonal contraception (HC), perceived barriers and training needs, and familiarity with and provision of EC. RESULTS: 2,725 survey responses (19% response rate) were received. Pharmacists reported being very familiar with HC. The majority of respondents were comfortable and interested in providing direct access to HC in the pharmacy. Perceived barriers to providing HC in the pharmacy included lack of time, no mechanism of reimbursement for the service, and possible resistance from physicians. CONCLUSION: Strong interest, comfort level, and capability from pharmacists, combined with a documented demand for direct pharmacy access from patients, indicate that pharmacy access to HC has the potential to meet patient needs and increase access to HC. Education about current clinical practice recommendations-which no longer require pelvic examinations and Papanicolaou (Pap) smears before hormonal contraception is initiated-may increase pharmacist support for providing hormonal methods directly. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PHARMACISTS | HORMONES | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS | ATTITUDES | PERCEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | ON-THE-JOB TRAINING | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | TIME FACTORS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Contraception | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Nonclinical Distribution | Training Programs | Education | Evaluation | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 330051 |
| 20. Title: [Late diagnosis of HIV infection in the Fann, Dakar clinic of infectious diseases: testing circumstances, therapeutic course of patients, and determining factors] Depistage tardif de l'infection a VIH a la clinique des maladies infectieuses de Author: Manga NM; Diop SA; Ndour CT; Dia NM; Mendy A; Coudec M; Taverne B; Diop BM; Sow PS Source: Medecine Et Maladies Infectieuses. 2009 Feb;39(2):95-100. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY: The delay in the diagnosis of HIV infection is a major obstacle to optimal care for this disease. To deal with this problem, we conducted this study among newly diagnosed HIV patients hospitalized in the Fann University Hospital Infectious Diseases Clinic in Dakar. The epidemiological, clinical, biological and outcome aspects are described and patient history reviewed. A qualitative socio-anthropological study was made to understand and describe the logic of the decision processes in the patient's search for treatment. RESULTS: One hundred patients were included, with a mean age of 39.5+/-11.1 years and a sex-ratio: 1.08. The transmission was mainly heterosexual (90%), and chronic diarrhea (64%) and/or chronic cough (66%) were the principal symptoms leading to diagnosis. The mean delay before diagnosis was 5+/-4.27 months. The major opportunistic diseases were tuberculosis (44 cases) and infectious diarrhea (23 cases). Most patients were diagnosed at the AIDS stage (97%) and the death rate was 30% among hospitalized patients after admission. Sixty-eight percent of patients had consulted at least three times, generally a "traditional practitioner", at first and 43% had been hospitalized at least once. The qualitative investigation revealed that the "representation" or the "feeling of severity" of the disease were the principal justifications for consulting the "traditional practitioner" or the physician, respectively. CONCLUSION: Better information for health workers and global population is necessary for an earlier diagnosis of HIV infection in Dakar. Language: French Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGY | CLIENTS | HIV TESTING | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | INFORMATION | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Public Health | Health | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Diseases | Evaluation Document Number: 331200 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Biomarkers for evaluating vaginal microbicides and contraceptives: discovery and early validation. Author: Mauck CK Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2009 Mar;36(3 Suppl):S73-5. Abstract: A biomarker has been defined as "a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention." Biomarkers can reduce the costs and time required to get a drug from discovery to market. Topical microbicides are new drugs designed to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Biomarkers that may be important in microbicide development include biomarkers of semen exposure, biomarkers of cervicovaginal inflammation, and biomarkers of HIV and STIs. The development of biomarkers for use in microbicide development is a high priority. This supplement reports on a meeting entitled "Biomarkers for Evaluating Vaginal Microbicides and Contraceptives: Discovery and Early Validation," held in Reston, VA on November 16 to 17, 2006. It was sponsored by CONRAD and the Alliance for Microbicide Development with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The meeting was convened to look at the ways in which biomarkers could be used to attenuate the challenges alluded to above. Availability of key biomarkers could expedite the development of microbicides, for which there is a pressing need, especially in developing countries where combinations of cultural and socioeconomic pressures on women constrain their ability to protect themselves from STIs. Although the meeting was held 2 years ago, the material reviewed and conclusions drawn are still relevant. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | MICROBICIDES | HIV PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Technology | Economic Factors | Evaluation Document Number: 330814 |
| 22. Title: Alleviating the burden of responsibility: report on a study of men as providers of community-based HIV/AIDS care and support in Lesotho. Author: Newman C; Makoae N; Reavely E; Fogarty L Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, IntraHealth International, Capacity Project, 2009 Jan. 101 p. Abstract: This study demonstrates a range of perspectives about gender and HIV/AIDS care from those participating in and potentially affected by health care initiatives, and makes recommendations for increasing the number of male community-based providers of HIV/AIDS care. The objectives of the study were as follows: 1. Determine the need to bring men into community-based HIV/AIDS care and Support; 2. Determine the feasibility of engaging men as providers of community-based HIV/AIDS care and support, especially the gender-related and cultural factors that need to be addressed to increase male involvement in community-based care, based on an analysis of gender relations in Lesotho; 3. Identify factors that facilitate or hinder substantive and sustained male involvement in community-based HIV/AIDS care and support; and 4. Make recommendations for feasible gender-redistributive recruitment, training, support or retention strategies to increase the number of male communitybased providers of HIV/AIDS care and support in Lesotho. Language: English Keywords: LESOTHO | EVALUATION REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MEN | HEALTH PERSONNEL | LABOR FORCE | COMMUNITY WORKERS | HIV INFECTIONS | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | CAPACITY BUILDING | GENDER ISSUES | SEX DISCRIMINATION | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Sociocultural Factors | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Culture Document Number: 325235 |
| 23. Title: Contraceptive projections and the donor gap: Meeting the challenge. Author: Ross J; Weissman E; Stover J Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Feb. 44 p. Abstract: This report looks at just one component of reproductive health commodities: contraceptives: A follow-up report of the same title published in 2001, the report starts with an overview of current demand for contraceptives in 88 developing countries that depend on supplies from donors. Future needs for contraceptive commodities are projected for two scenarios: one assuming that all unmet need for family planning will be satisfied by 2015 as specified in the ICPD and the MDGs, and the other one based on the medium variant projections of the United Nations Population Division-projections that assume a more gradual contraceptive prevalence increase that is based on historical trends. The proportion of future needs that will require donor funding is estimated on the basis of historical funding trends. Those future needs are compared with current donor funding to highlight the ?donor gap,? the expected shortfall in commodity funding unless resources for commodities are increased substantially. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | DEVELOPED COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | FOREIGN AID | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraception | Family Planning | Program Evaluation | Programs | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Distributional Activities | Program Activities Document Number: 341071 |
| 24. Peer Reviewed Title: Structural and environmental barriers to condom use negotiation with clients among female sex workers: implications for HIV-prevention strategies and policy. Author: Shannon K; Strathdee SA; Shoveller J; Rusch M; Kerr T; Tyndall MW Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2009 Apr;99(4):659-65. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship between environmental-structural factors and condom-use negotiation with clients among female sex workers. METHODS: We used baseline data from a 2006 Vancouver, British Columbia, community-based cohort of female sex workers, to map the clustering of "hot spots" for being pressured into unprotected sexual intercourse by a client and assess sexual HIV risk. We used multivariate logistic modeling to estimate the relationship between environmental-structural factors and being pressured by a client into unprotected sexual intercourse. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, being pressured into having unprotected sexual intercourse was independently associated with having an individual zoning restriction (odds ratio [OR] = 3.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 9.36), working away from main streets because of policing (OR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.39, 7.44), borrowing a used crack pipe (OR = 2.51; 95% CI = 1.06, 2.49), client-perpetrated violence (OR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.06, 4.49), and servicing clients in cars or in public spaces (OR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.65, 5.73). CONCLUSIONS: Given growing global concern surrounding the failings of prohibitive sex-work legislation on sex workers' health and safety, there is urgent need for environmental-structural HIV-prevention efforts that facilitate sex workers' ability to negotiate condom use in safer sex-work environments and criminalize abuse by clients and third parties. Language: English Keywords: CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | WOMEN | SEX WORKERS | CLIENTS | HIV PREVENTION | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | POLICY | LEGISLATION | RISK FACTORS | IMPACT | Developed Countries | North America, Northern | Americas | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Evaluation | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Communication Document Number: 330893 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: HIV prevalence and risk behaviour among men who have sex with men in Vientiane Capital, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2007. Author: Sheridan S; Phimphachanh C; Chanlivong N; Manivong S; Khamsyvolsvong S; Lattanavong P; Sisouk T; Toledo C; Scherzer M; Toole M; van Griensven F Source: AIDS. 2009 Jan 28;23(3):409-14. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men are at high risk for HIV infection. Here we report the results of the first assessment of HIV prevalence and risk behaviour in this group in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic. METHODS: Between August and September 2007, 540 men were enrolled from venues around Vientiane, using venue-day-time sampling. Men of Lao nationality, 15 years and over, reporting oral or anal sex with a man in the previous 6 months were eligible for participation. Demographic and socio-behavioural information was self-collected using hand-held computers. Oral fluid was tested for HIV infection. Logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors for prevalent HIV infection. RESULTS: The median age of participants was 21 years; the HIV prevalence was 5.6%. Of participants, 39.6% reported exclusive attraction to men and 57.6% reported sex with women. Of those who reported having regular and nonregular sexual partner(s) in the past 3 months, consistent condom use with these partners was 14.4 and 24.2%, respectively. A total of 42.2% self-reported any sexually transmitted infection symptoms and 6.3% had previously been tested for HIV. Suicidal ideation was reported by 17.0%, which was the only variable significantly and independently associated with HIV infection in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Although the HIV prevalence is low compared with neighbouring countries in the region, men who have sex with men in Lao People's Democratic Republic are at high behavioural risk for HIV infection. To prevent a larger HIV epidemic occurrence and transmission into the broader community, higher coverage of HIV prevention interventions is required. Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | HIV TESTING | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV INFECTIONS | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Evaluation Document Number: 330875 |
| 26. Title: Puberty, contraception, and hormonal management for young people with disabilities. Author: Zacharin MR Source: Clinical Pediatrics. 2009 Mar;48(2):149-55. Abstract: Assessment and management of a young person with a severe disability is multifaceted and complex. Variations of puberty can cause major concerns for parents and carers, with fears of imminent menstruation, peer and personal differences, concern for height outcome, as well as grief for a loss of childhood. Addressing physical, emotional, and social issues assists in optimizing outcomes. This article outlines specific evaluation and detailed management strategies for female and male pubertal problems in the context of disability, including treatments for extreme pubertal delay or acceleration, menstrual management at different ages, contraceptive issues, and sexual function and choices for both sexes. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | DISABLED PERSONS AND DISABILITIES | ADOLESCENTS | CONTRACEPTION | PUBERTY | MANAGEMENT | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | MENARCHE | SEX FACTORS | STRESS | SEX BEHAVIOR | AGE FACTORS | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Family Planning | Reproduction | Organization and Administration | Menstruation | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Biology Document Number: 330999 |
| 27. Title: Best practices in training private providers. Author: Abt Associates. Private Sector Partnerships One [PSP-One] Source: Bethesda, Maryland, Abt Associates, 2008. 22 p. Abstract: Training of health care providers is one of the most common interventions used in development strategies to improve the quality of reproductive health and family planning (RH/FP) services in developing countries. Decades of experience have produced an abundance of information, guidelines, and best practices on how to effectively train health providers, but most of this relates to public sector providers. In recent years, however, private sector providers have been recognized increasingly as an important source for delivery of RH/FP and other health services in developing countries, even for the poor. Yet the inclusion of private providers in training interventions or even the acknowledgment of their unique needs in discussion forums on training are still not common practices. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | HEALTH PERSONNEL | BEST PRACTICES | PRIVATE SECTOR | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | TRAINING OF TRAINERS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | INCENTIVES | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | CAPACITY BUILDING | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Training Programs | Education | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 329566 |
| 28. Title: LAPM interventions in Kenya. Assessment provides guidance for the future. Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: Family Health Research. 2008 Feb;2(1):4-5. Abstract: Interventions to expand contraceptive choice by improving access to long-acting and permanent methods (LAPMs) can be effective, but long-term strategies are needed to sustain the results of these efforts. This was one of the lessons drawn from a recent assessment of interventions to increase the use of LAPMs in Kenya. The findings of the assessment will help guide the design of future efforts to revitalize LAPM use. Key Points of the article are: 1) Comprehensive interventions increased the use of LAPMs; 2) After the interventions ended, the use of LAPMs declined; and 3) Long-term strategies are needed to sustain higher levels of LAPM use. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | SUMMARY REPORT | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Contraception | Family Planning | Health Document Number: 341183 |
| 29. Title: Quantification of health commodities: a guide to forecasting and supply planning for procurement. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2008. [54] p. (USAID Deliver Project, Task Order 1USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Abstract: This guide for quantification of health commodities has been developed by the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 1, to assist technical advisors, program managers, warehouse managers, procurement officers, and service providers in (1) estimating the total commodity needs and costs for successful implementation of national health program strategies and goals, (2) identifying the funding needs and gaps for procurement of the required commodities, and (3) planning procurements and shipment delivery schedules to be able to ensure a sustained and effective supply of health commodities. The step-by-step approach to quantification presented in this guide is complemented by a set of product-specific companion pieces that provide detailed instructions for forecasting consumption of ARV drugs, HIV test kits, antimalarial drugs, and lab supplies. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | FUNDS | EVALUATION | DATA COLLECTION | MANAGEMENT | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Research Methodology | Organization and Administration Document Number: 339993 |
| 30. Title: Self-perceived and unmet general health need among PLWHA in Nigeria. Author: Adedigba MA; Ogunbodede E; Jeboda SO; Naidoo S Source: East African Journal of Public Health. 2008 Dec;5(3):199-204. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study set out to determine the self-reported unmet health needs of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in a Nigerian population. METHODS: A prospective study conducted among consecutive 209 consenting PLWHA in the South-western Nigeria; who sought for care in the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals complex, Ile-Ife and General Hospital, Ilesa were recruited. Participants completed a comprehensive survey seeking information to determine their unmet needs in the following areas: Medication, Dental, Mental, Home care, Hospital admission, access to antiretroviral therapy and emergency services. RESULTS: One or more unmet needs were reported by 79.4% of the sample. Needs for medication, home-based care and mental care were more likely to be unmet. There was a statistically significant relationship between unmet needs and living arrangements (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Perceived oral health status was the factor that best predicted the unmet need. Perceived oral health status of these patients should be improved to reduce the level of the unmet needs. Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SELF-PERCEPTION | HEALTH | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | DRUGS | MENTAL HEALTH | HOME VISITS | HOSPITALS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | EMERGENCY SERVICES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Perception | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Evaluation | HIV | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Communication | Health Facilities | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331261 |
 |
||
 |
Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy |  |