1.  Peer Reviewed Title: On population growth near protected areas. Author: Joppa LN; Loarie SR; Pimm SL Source: PLoS One. 2009;4(1):e4279. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Protected areas are the first, and often only, line of defense in efforts to conserve biodiversity. They might be detrimental or beneficial to rural communities depending on how they alter economic opportunities and access to natural resources. As such, protected areas may attract or repel human settlement. Disproportionate increases in population growth near protected area boundaries may threaten their ability to conserve biodiversity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using decadal population datasets, we analyze population growth across 45 countries and 304 protected areas. We find no evidence for population growth near protected areas to be greater than growth of rural areas in the same country. Furthermore, we argue that what growth does occur near protected areas likely results from a general expansion of nearby population centers. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results contradict those from a recent study by Wittemyer et al., who claim overwhelming evidence for increased human population growth near protected areas. To understand the disagreement, we re-analyzed the protected areas in Wittemyer et al.'s paper. Their results are simply artifacts of mixing two incompatible datasets. Protected areas may experience unusual population pressures near their edges; indeed, individual case studies provide examples. There is no evidence, however, of a general pattern of disproportionate population growth near protected areas. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION GROWTH | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | NATURAL RESOURCES | URBANIZATION | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Environment | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors Document Number: 331218 |
2.  Peer Reviewed Title: Migration to the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala: Why place matters. Author: Carr DL Source: Human Organization. 2008 Spr;67(1):37-48. Abstract: Most migration research examines international migration or urbanization. Yet understudied rural migrants are of critical concern for environmental conservation and rural sustainable development. Despite the fact that a relatively small number of all migrants settle remote rural frontiers, these are the agents responsible for perhaps most of the tropical deforestation on the planet. Further, rural migrants are among the most destitute people worldwide in terms of economic and human development. While some research has investigated deforestation resulting from frontier migration and frontier development, this article explores the necessary antecedent to tropical deforestation and poverty in agricultural frontiers: emigration from origin areas. The data come from a 2000 survey with community leaders and key informants in 16 municipios (municipalities) of migrant origin to the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR), Peten, Guatemala. A common denominator among communities of migration origin to the Peten frontier was unequal resource access, usually land. Nevertheless, factors driving resource scarcity were widely variable. Land degradation, land consolidation, and population growth prevailed in some communities but not in others. Despite similar exposure to community and regional level push factors, most people in the sampled communities did not emigrate, suggesting that any one or combination of factors is not necessarily sufficient for emigration. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GUATEMALA | LATIN AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RURAL POPULATION | RURAL POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | MIGRANT WORKERS | MIGRATION | NATURAL RESOURCES | POPULATION GROWTH | ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION | ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT | Central America | Americas | Developing Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Environment Document Number: 326533 |
| 3. Title: Fishing for families: Reproductive health and integrated coastal management in the Philippines. Author: Castro J; D'Agnes L Source: Washington, D.C., Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Environmental Change and Security Program, 2008 Apr. 11 p. (Focus on Population, Environment, and Security No. 15) Abstract: Life in the Philippines-a nation of more than 7,000 islands-is never far from the sea. Every Filipino lives within 45 miles of the coast, and every day, more than 4,500 new residents are born. The rapidly rising population has overwhelmed the fisheries that have traditionally supported the country, bringing grinding poverty and malnutrition to many coastal communities. But a new approach to conservation may save families along with the fish and their habitats. The Integrated Population and Coastal Resource Management (IPOPCORM) project seeks to improve life in communities dependent on the sea for their livelihoods, while conserving biodiversity and productivity in high-priority marine corridors. By integrating the delivery of family planning and conservation services, IPOPCORM found that it could improve reproductive health and coastal resource management more than programs that focused exclusively on reproductive health or the environment-and at a lower total cost. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | PROGRESS REPORT | RURAL POPULATION | FISHING | LIVELIHOOD | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | NATURAL RESOURCES | INTERVENTIONS | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Occupations | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Resources | Organization and Administration | Health | Family Planning | Environment | Programs Document Number: 326393 |
| 4. Title: Population, health, and environment issues in the Philippines. A profile of Calabarzon (Region 4-A). Author: De La Paz MC; Colson L Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], Population, Health, and Environment Program, 2008 Oct. 6 p. Abstract: Linking population, health, and environment (PHE) issues is becoming increasingly important for the Philippines, where natural resources and public health and well-being are often negatively affected by factors such as population pressures and poverty. Understanding these connections--including the economic and social context in which they occur--and addressing PHE issues in an integrated manner is critical for achieving sustainable development. This regional PHE profile highlights key population, health, and environment indicators and important development challenges for the Calabarzon Region (Region 4-A). The profile is designed to help educators, policymakers, and community leaders identify key threats to sustainable development and explore possible approaches to addressing them. This profile is part of a series covering select regions of the Philippines, and is intended as a companion publication to the Population Reference Bureau's 2006 data sheet, Making the Link in the Philippines: Population, Health, and the Environment. Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL STUDIES | EVALUATION INDEXES | POPULATION | ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | POPULATION DYNAMICS | POPULATION SIZE | URBANIZATION | FAMILY PLANNING | NATURAL RESOURCES | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | POPULATION PROJECTION | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Environment | Economic Factors | Demographic Factors | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Estimation Techniques | Health Document Number: 323137 |
| 5. Title: Population, health, and environment issues in the Philippines. A profile of Central Visayas (Region 7). Author: De La Paz MC; Colson L Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], Population, Health, and Environment Program, 2008 Feb. 6 p. Abstract: Linking population, health, and environment (PHE) issues is becoming increasingly important for the Philippines, where natural resources and public health and well-being are often negatively affected by factors such as population pressures and poverty. Understanding these connections-including the economic and social context in which they occur-and addressing PHE issues in an integrated manner is critical for achieving sustainable development. This regional PHE profile highlights key population, health, and environment indicators and important development challenges for the Central Visayas Region (Region 7). The profile is designed to help educators, policymakers, and community leaders identify key threats to sustainable development and explore possible approaches to addressing them. This profile is part of a series covering select regions of the Philippines, and is intended as a companion publication to the Population Reference Bureau's 2006 data sheet, Making the Link in the Philippines: Population, Health, and the Environment. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | TECHNICAL REPORT | POPULATION | POPULATION DENSITY | POPULATION PRESSURE | PUBLIC HEALTH | INFANT MORTALITY | ENVIRONMENT | ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | NATURAL RESOURCES | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Carrying Capacity | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors Document Number: 327394 |
| 6. Title: Population, health, and environment issues in the Philippines. A profile of the National Capital Region (NCR). Author: De La Paz MC; Colson L Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], Population, Health, and Environment Program, 2008 Feb. 6 p. Abstract: Linking population, health, and environment (PHE) issues is becoming increasingly important for the Philippines, where natural resources and public health and well-being are often negatively affected by factors such as population pressures and poverty. Understanding these connections-including the economic and social context in which they occur-and addressing PHE issues in an integrated manner is critical for achieving sustainable development. This regional PHE profile highlights key population, health, and environment indicators and important development challenges for the National Capital Region (NCR). The profile is designed to help educators, policymakers, and community leaders identify key threats to sustainable development and explore possible approaches to addressing them. This profile is part of a series covering select regions of the Philippines, and is intended as a companion publication to the Population Reference Bureau's 2006 data sheet, Making the Link in the Philippines: Population,Health, and the Environment. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | TECHNICAL REPORT | POPULATION | POPULATION DENSITY | POPULATION PRESSURE | PUBLIC HEALTH | INFANT MORTALITY | ENVIRONMENT | ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | NATURAL RESOURCES | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Carrying Capacity | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors Document Number: 327395 |
| 7. Title: Rural household demographics, livelihoods and the environment. Author: de Sherbinin A; VanWey LK; McSweeney K; Aggarwal R; Babbieri A Source: Global Environmental Change. 2008 Feb;18(1):38-53. Abstract: This paper reviews and synthesizes findings from scholarly work on linkages among rural household demographics, livelihoods and the environment. Using the livelihood approach as an organizing framework, we examine evidence on the multiple pathways linking environmental variables and the following demographic variables: fertility, migration, morbidity and mortality, and lifecycles. Although the review draws on studies from the entire developing world, we find the majority of microlevel studies have been conducted in either marginal (mountainous or arid) or frontier environments, especially Amazonia. Though the linkages are mediated by many complex and often context-specific factors, there is strong evidence that dependence on natural resources intensifies when households lose human and social capital through adult morbidity and mortality, and qualified evidence for the influence of environmental factors on household decision-making regarding fertility and migration. Two decades of research on lifecycles and land cover change at the farm level have yielded a number of insights about how households make use of different land-use and natural resource management strategies at different stages. A thread running throughout the review is the importance of managing risk through livelihood diversification, ensuring future income security, and culture-specific norms regarding appropriate and desirable activities and demographic responses. Recommendations for future research are provided. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | RURAL POPULATION | HOUSEHOLDS | FAMILY DEMOGRAPHY | POPULATION DYNAMICS | LIVELIHOOD | AGRICULTURE | ENVIRONMENT | FERTILITY CHANGES | MIGRATION | MORBIDITY | MORTALITY | NATURAL RESOURCES | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Family Research | Resources | Organization and Administration | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Fertility | Diseases Document Number: 325787 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Using innovation to address HIV, AIDS, and environment links: intervention case studies from Zimbabwe, Uganda, and Malawi. Author: De Souza RM; Heinrich G; Senefeld S; Coon K; Sebanja P Source: Population and Environment. 2008 May;29(3-5):219-246. Abstract: This article presents three cross-cutting intervention case studies that address HIV, AIDS, and natural resources management in an integrated manner through innovative programming in Zimbabwe, Uganda, and Malawi. In Zimbabwe, a religious-based non-governmental group and two community organizations work together to build skills of HIV- and AIDS-vulnerable children in rural areas to meet dietary and income needs, while using natural resources sustainably. In Uganda, various government agencies and NGO actors work together to improve the food security of HIV-affected households at the national, district, sub-district, and village levels. Finally, in Malawi, a conservation organization incorporates HIV and AIDS. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ZIMBABWE | UGANDA | MALAWI | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | LITERATURE REVIEW | HIV | AIDS | AWARENESS | NATURAL RESOURCES | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | FOOD SECURITY | LIVELIHOOD | INTERVENTIONS | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Studies | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Environment | Food Supply | Resources | Organization and Administration | Programs | Economic Development | Economic Factors Document Number: 327917 |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: Mitigating an elephantine epidemic: Gendered space for HIV / AIDS outreach through Namibian conservancies. Author: DeMotts R Source: Population and Environment. 2008 May;29(3-5):186-203. Abstract: As the reach of HIV/AIDS continues to devastate communities and create potential pressures on natural resources, conservation organizations have increasingly become involved in education and outreach to address the disease. This paper's purpose is to investigate how increasing HIV infection rates and AIDS deaths relate to community-based conservation and livelihood strategies in the Caprivi Region of northeastern Namibia, and demonstrate that conservation organizations can play a unique role in combating the disease. As the epidemic is more widespread in the Caprivi than in any other region of the country, local organizations such as Integrated Rural Development and Nature Conservation (IRDNC) are responding to the disease by integrating it into conservation work. IRDNC's efforts reflect a particular focus on gender, including changes in the way that HIV/AIDS is discussed in local communities, strategies to promote access to testing and care, and bringing to light the experiences of individuals and families struggling with HIV/ AIDS. This approach shows that there are benefits to be gained from approaching HIV/AIDS mitigation through familiar, existing structures such as those of community conservancies in Namibia-especially the ability to circumvent heavy local stigma. Using data collected through participant observation and participatory discussions, this paper demonstrates that conservation programs can positively affect people with HIV/AIDS, highlighting the importance of mainstreaming outreach efforts that address the particular localized manifestations of the disease in the context of natural resource management. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NAMIBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | HIV | AIDS | STIGMA | PREVALENCE | INEQUALITIES | GENDER ISSUES | LIVELIHOOD | NATURAL RESOURCES | ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Measurement | Research Methodology | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Resources | Organization and Administration | Environment Document Number: 327915 |
| 10. Title: Towards endogenous livestock development: Borana pastoralists’ responses to environmental and institutional changes. Author: Homann S; Rischkowsky B; Steinbach J; Kirk M; Mathias E Source: Human Ecology. 2008;36:503-520. Abstract: Borana pastoralists in southern Ethiopia are faced with the challenge of developing more efficient and sustainable use of natural resources. In past decades poorly adapted development interventions and inadequate land-use policies aggravated by population growth have weakened pastoral rangeland management. Ignoring pastoralists' technical and organizational capacities has contributed to progressive land degradation, the erosion of social structures and poverty. The Endogenous Livestock Development concept recognises pastoralists' indigenous knowledgebased strategies and priorities, and uses them as the bases for further development of their production system and social relations, to be utilized, improved and combined with modern technologies. This paper explores the Borana pastoralists' adaptive strategies for improved utilization of natural resources and the manner in which they respond to environmental risk and external influences such as water development and new formal administration. The adaptive responses include controlled integration of crop production and protection of grazing reserves, as well as changing cattle breeding priorities and the adoption of camel husbandry. The pastoralists have started negotiations with the administration to regain control of land utilization by strengthening directives for settlements, land use pattern and extraction rates. To support these initiatives the study recommends that pastoralists and other stakeholders enter into an institutionalized process of negotiation that builds on indigenous knowledge and organizational structures and facilitates validation and implementation of newly generated knowledge. Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | RESEARCH REPORT | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | AGRICULTURE | AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | NATURAL RESOURCES | WATER SUPPLY | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | MANAGEMENT | KNOWLEDGE | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Rural Development | Economic Development | Environment | Organization and Administration | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 329133 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Wild foods and household food security responses to AIDS: evidence from South Africa. Author: Kaschula SA Source: Population and Environment. 2008 May;29(3-5):162-185. Abstract: Wild foods may offer unique benefits to households afflicted by AIDS, providing a nutritious and freely available food source at minimal labour and financial costs. This article presents the results of food security assessments in two rural South African sites. Detailed household dietary recalls from 227 households, combined with qualitative work, explored the association of household AIDS proxies (recent morbidity, mortality and orphan fostering) with household food security and dietary composition. The study found that AIDS-proxy households were significantly more food insecure, and households fostering orphans were both poorer and more food insecure. Wild foods were evident in 40.3%of the 48 h recalls, with significantly greater likelihood of use in households with fostering paternal orphans, and/or with at least one AIDS proxy. Only paternal orphans were significantly associated with likelihood of using wild foods when controlling for household socio-economic status. Qualitative data suggests that households afflicted by AIDS might curtail their use of wild foods due to household labour shortages and stigma. This is unfortunate, as regressions indicate that households using wild foods may be more economically resilient. This may be particularly important for households registering AIDS proxies, due to a demonstrated negative correlation between accumulated household AIDS proxies and household income. (Author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | HIV INFECTIONS | RURAL POPULATION | HOUSEHOLDS | FOOD SECURITY | FOOD SUPPLY | NATURAL RESOURCES | DIET | POVERTY | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Environment | Nutrition | Health | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 327914 |
| 12. Title: The role of food-security solutions in the protection of natural resources and environment of developing countries. Author: Lashgarara F; Mirdamadi SM; Hosseini SJ; Chizari M Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2008 Oct;1140:68-72. Abstract: The majority of the countries of the world, especially developing countries, face environmental problems. Limitations of basic resources (water and soil) and population growth have been the cause of these environmental problems that countries are confronted with. Developing countries have numerous problems, including destruction of forests, vegetable and animal species, and pollution of the environment. Damage to natural resources and the environment can influence the food-security situation. One of the main millennium development goals (MDGs) is protection of the environment and people's health. This cannot obtained unless there is ensured food security. Food security has been defined as a situation when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food needed to maintain a healthy and active life. At the same time, with ensured food security, we can hope to protect the natural resources and environment. The methodology used is descriptive-analytical, and its main purpose is determining the importance and role of food-security solutions in the reduction of environmental hazards and improvement of natural resources and the environmental situation in developing countries. Therefore, some of the most important food-security solutions that can play an important role in this relation were discussed, including conventional research-based technology, biotechnology, information and communication technologies (ICTs), alternative energy sources, and food irradiation. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | FOOD SECURITY | NATURAL RESOURCES | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | Food Supply | Environment Document Number: 330039 |
| 13. Title: Population, health, and environment issues in the Philippines. A profile of Cagayan Valley (Region 2). Author: Lusterio-Berja C; Colson L Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], Population, Health, and Environment Program, 2008 Feb. 6 p. Abstract: Linking population, health, and environment (PHE) issues is becoming increasingly important for the Philippines, where natural resources and public health and well-being are often negatively affected by factors such as population pressures and poverty. Understanding these connections-including the economic and social context in which they occur-and addressing PHE issues in an integrated manner is critical for achieving sustainable development. This regional PHE profile highlights key population, health, and environment indicators and important development challenges for the Cagayan Valley Region (Region 2). The profile is designed to help educators, policymakers, and community leaders identify key threats to sustainable development and explore possible approaches to addressing them. This profile is part of a series covering select regions of the Philippines, and is intended as a companion publication to the Population Reference Bureau's 2006 data sheet, Making the Link in the Philippines: Population, Health, and the Environment. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | TECHNICAL REPORT | POPULATION | POPULATION DENSITY | POPULATION PRESSURE | PUBLIC HEALTH | INFANT MORTALITY | ENVIRONMENT | ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | NATURAL RESOURCES | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Carrying Capacity | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors Document Number: 327393 |
| 14. Title: Population growth and natural-resources pressures in the Mekong River Basin. Author: Pech S; Sunada K Source: AMBIO. 2008 May 1;37(3):219-224. Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to stimulate policy debate over the current national focus on food self-sufficiency and a broader national and regional development agenda in the Mekong River Basin. We provide the context, empirical evidence, and an analysis of the demand (real or perceived) associated with population growth. We also present a comparison of demand forecasts with the sustainable potential of the natural-resources base of the Mekong River Basin in order to contribute to a better understanding of this immense and complex Mekong River Basin environment. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | MYANMAR | LAOS | THAILAND | CAMBODIA | VIETNAM | RESEARCH REPORT | ENVIRONMENT | NATURAL RESOURCES | FOOD SUPPLY | POPULATION GROWTH ESTIMATION | LAND AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT | LAND SUPPLY | AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT | WATER SUPPLY | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Estimation Techniques | Research Methodology | Rural Development | Economic Factors Document Number: 327067 |
| 15. Title: Developing a water quality management model for Karun and Dez rivers. Author: Afkhami M; Shariat M; Jaafarzadeh N; Ghadiri H; Nabizadeh R Source: Iranian Journal of Environmental Health, Science and Engineering. 2007;4(2):99-106. Abstract: The Karun and Dez rivers basin are the largest rivers basin in Iran which are situated in the south west of the country. Karun River originates from Zagros mountain ranges and passing through Khuzestan plain, reaches the Persian Gulf. Several cities lie along its path of them the most important is Ahvaz, the center of Khuzestan province. To achieve water quality goals in Karun and Dez rivers, a water quality management model has been developed through the GIS approach and a mathematical water quality model. In Karun and Dez rivers, water quality has decreased due to heavy pollution loads from Khuzestan province cities and surrounding areas. In this survey, pollution sources, land use, geographic features and measured water quality data of the river basin were incorporated into the Arc-view geographic information system database. With the database, the model calculated management type and cost for each management project in the river basin. Until now, river management policy for polluted rivers in Iran has been first of all to get penalties from pollution sources and secondarily, to construct treatment plants for the pollution sources whose wastewater is released untreated and for which the wastewater quality goal of the Iranian Department of the Environment is not met. Different management projects with a time program were proposed and they were compared with the results of the river quality without any management approach. It became clear that the results based on the management approach were much better than those for the unmanaged condition from the viewpoint of the achievement of water quality goals and cost optimization. (author's) Language: English Keywords: IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | NATURAL RESOURCES | WATER QUALITY | MANAGEMENT | ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | Developing Countries | Middle East | Theoretical Models | Research Methodology | Environment | Water | Organization and Administration | Environmental Degradation Document Number: 321440 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Disaster mitigation and furthering women's rights: learning from the Tsunami. Author: Akerkar S Source: Gender Technology and Development. 2007;11(3):357-388. Abstract: Vulnerability has long been accepted as an important factor in post-disaster recovery which affects the ability of the survivors to recover from multi-dimensional impacts. This comparative and cross-cultural study of the effects of tsunami on women in four countries looks more closely into the factors and processes that have led to the exclusion of certain groups of women from relief and recovery assistance. These include female heads of households, widows, the elderly and those belonging to marginalized groups such as migrants and stateless communities. Examining the current gender-neutral framing of social protection systems in the disaster areas and their operations, I show that vulnerability is not only an outcome of localized and individual dimensions like age, gender and marital status but that they have deeper relations with national and global powers who perpetuate institutionalized discrimination through such systems, and how they are unable to give these groups of women the much needed protection and assistance to live with dignity. A case is made for the recognition of compounded discrimination based on the fact that their vulnerable positions prior to the disaster have indeed led to their exclusion from relief and recovery activities, leaving them poorer and worst-off. Further, to redress this trend I propose a women's human rights strategy in disaster management which adopts as its core a combination of the recognition of vulnerability derived from identities with corresponding gender-based redistributive principles to be integrated in policies, practices and social protection systems. As a discursive construct, the women's human rights approach in disasters would not only reduce the vulnerability of disaster survivors but also create new gender-just post-disaster societies. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | SRI LANKA | INDONESIA | THAILAND | SOMALIA | MALDIVES | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | NATURAL DISASTERS | HUMAN RIGHTS | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | PARTICIPATION | NATURAL RESOURCES | IMPACT | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Environment | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Problems | Social Behavior | Behavior | Communication | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 329310 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: Resource management and fertility in Mexico’s Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve: Campos, cash, and contraception in the lobster-fishing village of Punta Allen. Author: Carr DL Source: Population and Environment. 2007 Nov;29(2):83-101. Abstract: This case study examines the link between marine resource management, and the universal contraceptive use among married couples in the lobster-fishing village of Punta Allen, located in the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Several reasons appear to contribute to small desired and actual family sizes. Some of these include a medical clinic staff effective in promoting family planning, cooperative and private resource ownership, changing cultural attitudes, geographical limitations to population and economic growth, and a desire to conserve the environment for aesthetic and economic motives. Lastly, families desired to preserve a sustained balance between benefiting from lobster harvests today and safeguarding this marine resource for their children in the future. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | LATIN AMERICA | CARIBBEAN | RESEARCH REPORT | FISHING | FERTILITY | POPULATION | ENVIRONMENT | NATURAL RESOURCES | MANAGEMENT | CONTRACEPTION | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Occupations | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Organization and Administration | Family Planning Document Number: 325365 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: Key natural impacting factors of China's human population distribution. Author: Chen M; Xu C; Wang R Source: Population and Environment. 2007 Jan;28(3):187-200. Abstract: China is a large country with a population of 1.292 billion, accounting for 1/5 of the world population. However, the geographical distribution of population is greatly unbalanced. There are many factors contributing to the unbalanced population distribution, including natural condition, social and economic development, and transportation infrastructure. In this article, we specifically explore how natural factors (resource and geographical factors) influence the population distribution. We use the multiple linear regression to analyze how the county population and prefecture (districts under city administration) population density is influenced by different natural factors. The analysis is conducted at two scales: the national scale and the regional scale (including east region, northeast region, middle region and west region). Our results show that arable land proportion, precipitation, elevation, accumulated temperature (also called Effective Accumulated Temperature (EAT), means the sum of daily temperature for the period of daily mean temperature (Td) above 10°C) and the distance from energy distribution location, the distance from main rivers are the significant factors for all the counties in China. For the prefectures, the significant impacting factors include elevation, arable land proportion and distance from the main rivers. For the east region, elevation and arable land proportion are the significant impacting factors of population distribution. For the northeast region, arable land proportion, precipitation and accumulated temperature are the significant impacting factors. For the middle region, arable land proportion, accumulated temperature, distance from energy distribution location and elevation are the significant impacting factors. For the west region, arable land proportion, precipitation, distance from the main rivers, distance from energy distribution location and accumulated temperature are the significant impacting factors. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | NATURAL RESOURCES | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | ENVIRONMENT | ECONOMIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Population Document Number: 313618 |
| 19. Title: Integrating population, health, and environment (PHE) projects: a programming manual. Author: D'Agnes L; Margoluis C Source: Arlington, Virginia, CDM International, Environmental Health IQC, 2007 Oct. [112] p. (USAID Contract No. GHA-1-00-04-00006) Abstract: Achieving environmentally-sustainable development in situations of surging population growth, declining biodiversity, and chronic poverty requires strategic planning, multi-disciplinary interventions and cross-sector linked approaches that mirror the livelihood strategies of poor households and communities. This manual was designed with such a need in mind using evidence from programs in Madagascar, the Philippines, and other countries where integrated approaches to development have been explored and brought to scale over the past decade. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | MADAGASCAR | MANUAL | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | POPULATION POLICY | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM DESIGN | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | GOALS | MONITORING | NATURAL RESOURCES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Economic Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Environment | Planning | Evaluation Document Number: 322366 |
| 20. Title: Reporting on population, health, and the environment: a guide for Central American journalists. Author: De Souza RM; Colson L; Fricas J Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2007. 36 p. Abstract: It matters to the mother in Guatemala who must carry firewood for miles to cook her family's food. It matters to the parents in Nicaragua whose children are sick with diarrhea because drinking wells are too close to open sewers. It matters to the community in Honduras whose homes and schools have been destroyed by a devastating hurricane. This is the human face of population and environment. The well-being of families, a clean environment, planning for current needs, and sustaining a resource base for future generations matters to policymakers, to local communities, and to journalists. Economic development, equity, human health, environmental sustainability, reducing poverty; these are issues that journalists want to cover. But the story is not a simple one. These issues are intertwined in a complex web of associations about where people live, the rates at which families are having children, the movement of people from one place to another; and the relative risks people face in their daily lives. Furthermore, public policies, technological applications, and cultural norms may ease or exacerbate the impacts of these associations on the environment and people. Ultimately, how do you, the journalist, disentangle these issues to present a compellingly vivid and accurate story that will interest your editors and audiences? This guide provides suggestions and sources to help you in this effort. It focuses on how you can understand and report on the issues that are most important to Central America: pollution, human health, economic development, loss of natural resources, food production, and the risks to vulnerable groups such as the poor, the elderly, and women. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CENTRAL AMERICA | MANUAL | JOURNALISTS | POPULATION | ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION | HEALTH | NATURAL RESOURCES | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | AGRICULTURE | FISHING | NATURAL DISASTERS | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Communications Personnel | Communication | Environment | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Occupations | Human Resources Document Number: 315067 |
| 21. Title: Population growth and environmental degradation in India. Author: Nagdeve DA Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. 30 p. Abstract: The present paper examined the relationship of population to the environment and with growing population, poverty and urbanization the environment is degrading. Conducted an analysis of changes and trends over last fifty years. The study reveals that the country's population growth is imposing an increasing burden on the country's limited and continually degrading natural resource base. The natural resources are under increasing strain, even though the majority of people survive at subsistence level. Population pressure on arable land contributes to the land degradation. The increasing population numbers and growing affluence have already resulted in rapid growth of energy production and consumption in India. The environmental effects like ground water and surface water contamination; air pollution and global warming are of growing concern owing to increasing consumption levels. The paper concludes with some policy reflections, the policy aimed at overall development should certainly include efforts to control population and environmental pollution. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | POPULATION | ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION | POPULATION GROWTH | POVERTY | URBANIZATION | NATURAL RESOURCES | AGRICULTURE | ENERGY SUPPLY | WATER QUALITY | CONSUMPTION | POPULATION POLICY | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Environment | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Water | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 317827 |
| 22. Title: Family planning and access to safe and legal abortion are vital to safeguard the environment [editorial] Author: Speidel JJ; Grossman RA Source: Contraception. 2007 Dec;76(6):415-417. Abstract: Alarming signs of environmental deterioration include global warming, extinction of species, waning forests and cropland, the collapse of ocean fisheries and decreasing fresh water supplies. Yet, little attention is paid to the connection between these tragedies and their most fundamental cause: overuse of the planet's resources due to the large and still rapidly increasing number of humans and our excessive consumption. North America appeared to have limitless resources to the new European immigrants in centuries past (who ignored the needs and stewardship of their indigenous predecessors). More recently, tapping the energy of fossil fuels has allowed us to better master time and space. Harnessing highly productive plants such as potatoes and hybrid corn, along with other agricultural advances, have increased productivity to the extent that one farmer can produce food for more than 100 people, allowing the rest of us to focus on other activities. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: NORTH AMERICA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | FAMILY PLANNING | ABORTION | SAFETY | NATURAL RESOURCES | POPULATION PRESSURE | ENVIRONMENT | FOOD SUPPLY | WATER SUPPLY | DEFORESTATION | POPULATION GROWTH | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developed Countries | Americas | Fertility Control, Postconception | Public Health | Health | Carrying Capacity | Environmental Degradation | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 323333 Notification |
| 23. Title: Community action addresses population impacts on the environment. Author: Williams JS; De Souza RM Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2007 Feb. [3] p. Abstract: Many developing countries possess abundant natural resources, but these resources can be threatened by population pressures and poverty, among other factors. A young population age structure, in-migration, and high fertility contribute to rapid population growth in many communities, exerting pressure on local resources. But the experience of two villages in the Philippines demonstrates that even poor communities can cope with the impacts of these population changes on the environment by collecting information about demographic and environmental change and using that information to plan sustainable population growth and natural resource management. The participatory population appraisal process employed by these communities involved collecting information about population-environment interactions using a village census, focus group sessions, participatory mapping exercises, and local population projections. Information collected is analyzed, verified, reviewed by local demographers and incorporatedinto local management plans. This article highlights how these two rural villages used population appraisals to devise and implement community-driven plans to manage their population growth and resource use. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | RURAL AREAS | SUMMARY REPORT | POPULATION DYNAMICS | ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT | POPULATION PRESSURE | NATURAL RESOURCES | LIVELIHOOD | DEFORESTATION | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | PLANNING | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Demographic Factors | Environment | Carrying Capacity | Resources | Organization and Administration | Environmental Degradation Document Number: 315065 |
| 24. Title: Human development report 2006. Beyond scarcity: power, poverty and the global water crisis. Author: United Nations Development Programme [UNDP] Source: Basingstoke, England, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. [437] p. Lead author: Kevin Watkins Abstract: Four voices from four countries united by a single theme: deprivation in access to water. That deprivation can be measured by statistics, but behind the numbers are the human faces of the millions of people denied an opportunity to realize their potential. Water, the stuff of life and a basic human right, is at the heart of a daily crisis faced by countless millions of the world's most vulnerable people--a crisis that threatens life and destroys livelihoods on a devastating scale. Unlike wars and natural disasters, the global crisis in water does not make media headlines. Nor does it galvanize concerted international action. Like hunger, deprivation in access to water is a silent crisis experienced by the poor and tolerated by those with the resources, the technology and the political power to end it. Yet this is a crisis that is holding back human progress, consigning large segments of humanity to lives of poverty, vulnerability and insecurity. This crisis claims more lives through disease than any war claims through guns. It also reinforces the obscene inequalities in life chances that divide rich and poor nations in an increasingly prosperous and interconnected world and that divide people within countries on the basis of wealth, gender and other markers for disadvantage. Overcoming the crisis in water and sanitation is one of the great human development challenges of the early 21st century. Success in addressing that challenge through a concerted national and international response would act as a catalyst for progress in public health, education and poverty reduction and as a source of economic dynamism. It would give a decisive impetus to the Millennium Development Goals--the targets adopted by governments as part of a global partnership for poverty reduction. The business as usual alternative is to tolerate a level of avoidable suffering and loss of human potential that all governments should regard as ethically indefensible and economically wasteful. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | GOALS | POVERTY | INEQUALITIES | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | HEALTH | EDUCATION | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | SANITATION | PUBLIC HEALTH | HUMAN RIGHTS | WATER SUPPLY | RISK FACTORS | SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE | NATURAL RESOURCES | MANAGEMENT | Planning | Organization and Administration | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Diseases | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Environment | Biology | Agriculture | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 312580 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: A SRES-based gridded global population dataset for 1990 -- 2100. Author: Bengtsson M; Shen Y; Oki T Source: Population and Environment. 2006 Nov;28(2):113-131. Abstract: Spatially explicit population data can play an important role in studies on environment and sustainability. Several gridded datasets on the present population exist, but global data on future populations are largely lacking. This paper presents a dataset covering three global population forecasts for the period 1990-2100 at 0.5-degrees resolution. The basis for these forecasts is the SRES scenarios developed for the IPCC climate-modeling framework. In addition, a gridded dataset of urban and rural populations for the period 1990-2050 is presented. To illustrate how the datasets can be used, future changes in population density and urbanization were analyzed for some of the world's major river basins. This analysis shows that the population density in the Ganges basin, which is already very high, is likely to increase considerably. The highest future increase rates were found in some African and Middle-Eastern basins. The population dataset for 2015 was compared with one previously published gridded dataset. The comparison shows some differences in population density, mainly in small, highly urbanized coastal river basins, while for large basins, the two datasets agree fairly well. We hope that the datasets here presented will prove to be a useful resource also for other researchers of global environmental change and sustainable development. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION GROWTH ESTIMATION | POPULATION | DATA ANALYSIS | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | URBANIZATION | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | NATURAL RESOURCES | WATER SUPPLY | POPULATION DENSITY | Estimation Techniques | Research Methodology | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Environment Document Number: 315988 |
| 26. Title: Right time for Africa. Author: Bio-Tchane A; Christensen BV Source: Finance and Development. 2006 Dec;43(4):[10] p.. Abstract: Africa has come a long way. For decades after independence, countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) suffered from civil strife and "stop-go" economic policies that led to macroeconomic instability and high inflation. Roads, railways, ports, and electricity systems fell into disrepair. Nor was the external environment always cooperative: countries were exposed to droughts, and commodity prices fluctuated. Countries that were rich in natural resources such as oil, gold, copper, and diamonds were often subject to the "resource curse" that left large numbers of their people worse off. External donors, while supporting the continent, did not always finance projects that would have adequate economic returns or that responded to local development needs. In country after country, debt mounted until it became unsustainable. On top of all that, Africa was besieged by malaria and HIV/AIDS, which had devastating economic as well as human effects. Yet things seem to be changing for the better throughout the subcontinent. In most African countries, leaders are now selected through democratic elections. The decision-making process is becoming more participatory and involving greater segments of civil society. The number of countries in crisis has declined, although conflict persists in some countries and regions. The pursuit of strong macroeconomic policies and economic reforms is bearing fruit: economies are growing faster and more steadily than before, and inflation is falling. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | MACROECONOMIC FACTORS | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | NATURAL RESOURCES | INDUSTRY | PRODUCTIVITY | CAPACITY BUILDING | Developing Countries | Economic Factors | Environment | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 314312 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: Indigenous women's visions of an inclusive feminism. Author: Cunningham M Source: Development. 2006 Mar;49(1):55-59. Abstract: Myrna Cunningham reflects on two experiences that motivated her to seek out Indigenous women who identify as feminists, who understand both the importance of feminism and the transformations that are needed within the international women's movement in order for feminism to live up to its potential as a political practice. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | WOMEN'S GROUPS | FEMINISM | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | CULTURE | POLITICAL FACTORS | NATURAL RESOURCES | TREATIES | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Interest Groups | Sociocultural Factors | Human Rights | Environment Document Number: 319929 |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Local and global women's rights in the pacific. Author: Griffen V Source: Development. 2006 Mar;49(1):108-112. Abstract: AWID provided several spaces where women in the Pacific were visible and development and security issues and women's movement/s in the Pacific were debated. Pacific women spoke at the opening and closing plenaries giving a sense of women's rights struggles in Pacific while at the same time, quite rightly, not confining themselves to the region's specificities. These presentations by Pacific women at the Forum indicated the depth and breath of personal transformations by Pacific women's rights activists through their own struggles and commitment to the intersection of all human rights. An evening session of readings by and on Pacific women poets gave further expression to Pacific women's thinking, writing, experiences and feelings on their part of the world and their place as women in it. The evening was a celebration of Pacific women's voices, the beauty and strength of their creativity and their unique experience as women in the Pacific, shared in poems about politics, place, lives, work, children and activism. There is a need for more instances like this to happen in the Pacific region, so that women can recall the history of the early voices of and the richness of truly indigenous Pacific feminism/s. Young Pacific women also expressed their views on women's rights and their involvement in the women's movement. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: OCEANIA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | ADVOCACY | LAND TENURE | LEGISLATION | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | NATURAL RESOURCES | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Socioeconomic Factors | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Environment Document Number: 319981 |
| 29. Title: Contraception goes organic. Author: Hamilton R Source: Unisa Latin Ameircan Report. 2006;22(1-2):157-158. Abstract: People from around the world travel to the western Amazonian town of Xapuri to visit the house of Chico Mendes, fallen defender of the forest and its people. On the way, they pass a much larger structure, a newly constructed factory. The proximity of these two structures is not coincidental. Chico Mendes fought to protect the rights of people who harvest the natural products of the forest, including latex. His dream lives on in the nearly one-million-hectare Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, which was created as part of a project financed by the Inter-American Development Bank in the 1980s. The new building is a factory that will use the latex gathered by 350 rubber tappers in the reserve to make condoms. It will start production later this year with a target of 100 million condoms annually. The US$10.6 million Xapuri factory is notable for two reasons. First, it will be Brazil's first national condom producer. The others are international companies. But more than that, the Xapuri facility will produce the world's first all-organic condoms, because they are made from latex collected in the natural forest. At present, condoms are made from latex produced by Southeast Asian rubber tree plantations that use chemical pesticides, herbicides and other agrochemicals. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | SUMMARY REPORT | FORESTS | NATURAL RESOURCES | INCOME | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Environment | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 318259 |
| 30. Title: From roadblock to champion: PHE advocacy and local government executives. Author: Hernandez E Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2006 Sep. [6] p. Abstract: In many places around the world, local government executives (mayors, chiefs, and governors) have decisionmaking authority that could significantly impact the content and direction of development projects. This case study relates the story of how a development NGO--PATH Foundation Philippines, Inc. (PFPI)--won the support of a mayor who objected to condom distribution and almost derailed an innovative project in her municipality that was working to incorporate reproductive health interventions into coastal resource management plans. (author's) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | POLICYMAKERS | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | POLITICAL FACTORS | CONDOM USE | FISHING | NATURAL RESOURCES | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Policy | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Occupations | Human Resources | Environment | Programs | Health Document Number: 315092 |
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