1.  Peer Reviewed Title: CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES IN MOROCCO AND THE CONSEQUENCE FOR THE INCIDENCE OF AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE DISORDERS. Author: Jaouad IC; Elalaoui SC; Sbiti A; Elkerh F; Belmahi L; Sefiani A Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2009 May 12;:1-7. Abstract: SummaryConsanguineous marriage is traditionally common throughout Arab countries. This leads to an increased birth prevalence of infants with recessive disorders, congenital malformations, morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of consanguineous marriage in families with autosomal recessive diseases, and to compare it with the average rate of consanguinity in the Moroccan population. The study was conducted in the Department of Medical Genetics in Rabat on 176 families with autosomal recessive diseases diagnosed and confirmed by clinical, radiological, enzymatic or molecular investigations. The rate of consanguinity was also studied in 852 families who had infants with trisomy 21 confirmed by karyotyping. These families were chosen because: (i) there is no association between trisomy 21 and consanguinity, (ii) these cases are referred from different regions of Morocco and (iii) they concern all social statuses. Among 176 families with autosomal recessive disorders, consanguineous marriages comprised 59.09% of all marriages. The prevalence of consanguinity in Morocco was found to be 15.25% with a mean inbreeding coefficient of 0.0065. The differences in the rates of consanguineous marriages were highly significant when comparing the general population and couples with offspring affected by autosomal recessive conditions. These results place Morocco among the countries in the world with high rates of consanguinity. Autosomal recessive disorders are strongly associated with consanguinity. This study better defines the health risks associated with consanguinity for the development of genetic educational guidelines targeted at the public and the health sector. Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | COUPLES | CHILDREN | PREVALENCE | INCIDENCE | CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES | CONSANGUINITY | SOCIAL CLASS | BIRTH DEFECTS | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Measurement | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Diseases | Genetics | Biology | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 341479 |
2.  Title: Intercultural dialogue on violence against women. Final results of a Euro-Mediterranean project. Author: Mediterranean Institute of Gender Studies; ANTIGONE - Information Centre on Racism, Ecology, Peace and Non Violence; Alliance for Arab Women; Association HEURA; ISIS International. Center for Women and Development Source: Nicosia, Cyprus, Mediterranean Institute of Gender Studies, 2008. [99] p. Abstract: This 101-page document summarises the final results of the 2007 project and study carried out by the Mediterranean Institute of Gender Studies (MIGS) to enhance the participation of women in intercultural dialogue about violence against women (VAW), as well as to develop strategies for overcoming discrimination and VAW in the Euro-Mediterranean (Euro-Med) region. MIGS, based in Cyprus, and 4 co-participating organisations from the region - Egypt (Alliance for Arab Women [AAW]), Greece (ANTIGONE - Information Centre on Racism, Ecology, Peace and Non Violence), Morocco (ISIS Center for Women and Development), and Spain (Association HEURA) - identified 25 women from diverse backgrounds to discuss VAW at a 2-day workshop. Funding for the collaboration came from the Anna Lindh Foundation for the Dialogue between Cultures. The document includes a synthesis of the reports on VAW from the 5 partner countries, information from the workshop and training sessions conducted in Cyprus, and the short-listed photographs from the project's photo competition and photo exhibition. It also summarises ways and means for further cooperation among the participants in the area of eliminating VAW, as well as ways of sharing and disseminating the results of the project activities to relevant stakeholders in the partner countries and in the Euro-Med region. Language: English Keywords: GREECE | EGYPT | SPAIN | MOROCCO | SUMMARY REPORT | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | LEGISLATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | RAPE | CAUSES OF DEATH | INEQUALITIES | GENDER ISSUES | WOMEN'S HEALTH | POVERTY | HIV INFECTIONS | Europe, Southern | Europe | Developed Countries | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Europe, Southwestern | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Political Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 327909 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: Towards smaller family size in Egypt, Morocco and Turkey: Overall change over time or socio-economic compositional effect? Author: D'Addato AV; Vignoli D; Yavuz S Source: Population Review. 2008;47(1):[14] p. Abstract: The whole region of the South and East Mediterranean exhibits a profound fertility transition with marked differences in the pace of fertility declines among the countries. The authors choose three representative countries: Egypt, Morocco and Turkey. Determinants of the propensity towards smaller family size are investigated as scrutinizing the development in the pattern of third births, which represents the critical step in the transitional process for these countries. The authors are particularly interested in verifying whether the decline of higher-order births is significantly driven by an overall societal change over time or by compositional change over different socio-economic segments of the female population. Evidence is found that overall societal changes have mainly driven the decline in large family size, though, to a much lesser extent, compositional changes are important too. (author's) Language: English Keywords: EGYPT | MOROCCO | TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | FERTILITY CHANGES | FAMILY SIZE | SOCIAL CHANGE | BIRTH LIMITING | BIRTH SPACING | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning Document Number: 327572 |
| 4. Title: Iron deficiency and anaemia in rural school children in a coastal area of Morocco. Author: El Hioui M; Ahami AO; Aboussaleh Y; Rusinek S; Dik K Source: Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2008;7(3):400-403. Abstract: Iron deficiency anaemia is the major public health problem encountered in the world. In Children, this trouble has deleterious consequences on the global health and weak cognitive development. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency and its association with socio-economic and anthropometric parameters of the Schoolchildren in a rural coastal region of Morocco. 295 students between 6 and 16 years old composed the study sample. The level of Haemoglobin was measured in a sub group of 280 school children. The iron status was determined by ferritin level in serum. A questionnaire was developed to collect information on the socio-economic and demographic status of the family such as the size of household, the working status of parents and their level of education. The mean haemoglobin concentration was 12.41 g/dl in boys and 12, 5 g/dl in girls, whereas the mean seric ferritin level was 26, 7 microg/l in boys and 27, 9 microg/l in girls. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 12, 2 % and iron deficiency was found in 20.4 %. Serum ferritin (SF), serum iron concentrations and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly correlated with Hemoglobin There was an inversely significant relationship between education of the mother and anaemia in children (p=0.01) but not with gender, nor parents' employment. It is concluded that anaemia is relatively less prevalent in this study population. Further studies are needed to explore the dietary determinants of this situation. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | NUTRITION SURVEYS | CHILDREN | SCHOOL AGE POPULATION | RURAL POPULATION | ANEMIA | PREVALENCE | SERUM IRON LEVEL | DEFICIENCY DISEASES | ANTHROPOMETRY | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Nutrition | Health | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Hemic System | Physiology | Biology | Nutrition Disorders | Economic Factors Document Number: 327274 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Fertility of Turkish and Moroccan women in the Netherlands: Adjustment to native level within one generation. Author: Garssen J; Nicolaas H Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 18;19(33):1249-1280. Abstract: Cohort data by generation for Turkish and Moroccan women in the Netherlands indicate that the first generation adjust their fertility levels only slowly to that of native Dutch women. These women show even higher rates than presently reported by the countries of origin, and few signs of assimilation in (fertility) behaviour. The second generation, on the other hand, are much closer to native women in this respect than to their mothers. Adjustment to the native Dutch fertility pattern is caused by intergenerational differences, rather than by cultural assimilation of the first generation. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NETHERLANDS | TURKEY | MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | FERTILITY MEASUREMENTS | AGE SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATE | MIGRANTS | ETHNIC GROUPS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Africa, North | Africa | Research Methodology | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Migration | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics Document Number: 327754 |
| 6. Title: The role of emigration in foreign aid policies: The case of Spain and Morocco. Author: Lacomba J; Boni A Source: International Migration. 2008 Mar;46(1):123-150. Abstract: This article analyses the relationships between emigration and Official Development Aid (ODA) policies, taking the cases of Spain and Morocco as the backdrop to the study. It discusses the principal characteristics of both the Spanish state and non-governmental cooperation in Morocco, the underlying motivations of the principal stakeholders, and the way international cooperation policies now encompass the phenomenon of emigration. The paper compares the field of co-development, which encompasses a rather limited understanding of immigration, with ODA policies, in which immigration is an increasingly important agenda item for both the central government and the Spanish autonomous communities. The article then examines the relationship between migration and development, and considers necessary changes of perspective required to enhance the development and emigration policies in both Spain and Morocco. Lastly, we conclude with a series of recommendations, based on our analysis, aimed at Spanish and Moroccan stakeholders, both state institutions and non-governmental organizations. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SPAIN | MOROCCO | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | MIGRATION | MIGRATION POLICY | FOREIGN AID | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | Europe, Southwestern | Europe | Developed Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Organizations Document Number: 324347 |
| 7. Title: A case study of women's education within the Moroccan development model. Author: Marrakchi NL Source: Journal of North African Studies. 2008 Mar;13(1):55-73. Abstract: This paper examines the current efforts being made in Morocco in the field of women's education and evaluates the success of the Moroccan Development Model in the field of women's education by examining the topic through three lenses: international aid agencies, Moroccan government and royal efforts and the Moroccan Women's Movement. Consideration of the historical, religious and economic frameworks for each actor maintains priority within the study as a means of evaluating the progress made to date, the current status of women's education and the long-term goals and timeframes. The findings within this paper are primarily based on UN statistics, ratings, and definitions as well as other reputable sources such as the World Bank. Sources used include magazine articles, websites, academic journals and papers, and sociological, political and anthropological books on Morocco and women. It must be noted that this evaluation focuses on Anglophone and Francophone sources only and does not consider Arabophone sources. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | GOVERNMENT | WOMEN'S GROUPS | EDUCATION | LITERACY | GENDER ISSUES | INEQUALITIES | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Interest Groups | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Human Rights Document Number: 323794 |
| 8. Title: Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about tuberculosis in urban Morocco. Author: Ottmani S; Obermeyer Z; Bencheikh N; Mahjour J Source: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2008 Mar-Apr;14(2):298-304. Abstract: We sought to characterize conceptions of tuberculosis (TB) in an urban population in Morocco. Thus 301 subjects, some being treated for TB (patients) and some attending health facilities for other conditions (non-patients), in 2 Moroccan cities were surveyed. Most patients did not identify their illness as TB referring instead to a body region or symptom. Non-patients tended to cite causative factors related to living conditions, home and family. There was considerable stigma associated with TB. Most non-patients knew that TB was treatable, but few were aware that diagnosis and treatment were free. Popular understandings of TB etiology and transmission in this population differ from the biomedical view, highlighting the need for better communication about the disease. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | URBAN POPULATION | TUBERCULOSIS | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | BELIEFS | STIGMA | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Infections | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Culture | Social Problems | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 326129 |
| 9. Title: The medical management of menopause: A four-country comparison care in urban areas. Author: Sievert LL; Saliba M; Reher D; Sahel A; Hoyer D Source: Maturitas. 2008 Jan;59(1):7-21. Abstract: The objective was to compare the medical management of menopause across urban areas in four countries which differ by level of income and degree of medicalization. Surveys of health providers who advise women on the menopausal transition were carried out in Beirut, Lebanon (n = 100), Madrid, Spain (n = 60),Worcester, MA, U.S. (n = 59), and Rabat, Morocco (n = 50) between 2002 and 2004. Physician characteristics, hormone therapy (HT) prescribing practices, and concerns about the management of menopause were compared across countries using x/2 and logistic regression analyses. Across sites, physicians were generally well informed about HT and thought that symptom alleviation and disease prevention were equally important. They had concerns about risks associated with HT, particularly breast cancer, and in 3 sites where the survey was conducted after the WHI (Beirut, Rabat, and Madrid) physicians changed their practices to prescribe HT less frequently, for shorter durations, or shifted to other medications. There were significant differences across sites in the recommended duration of HT, time spent talking with patients, perceived benefits of HT, tests recommended before prescribing HT, and concern about the risks associated with HT. Physicians in Madrid and Massachusetts were more likely to report that decisions about the management of menopause were difficult, but in all sites the main reason for difficulties was concerns about risks. The results also suggest discrepancies between physicians' perceptions and women's reports about the reasons why women consult at menopause. Prescription patterns and perceived benefits of HT appear to reflect local medical culture rather than simply physician characteristics. The impact of the WHI study was seen in prescribing patterns and concerns about HT. Physicians in all four countries were generally well informed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LEBANON | SPAIN | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MOROCCO | URBAN AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | WOMEN | PHYSICIANS | MENOPAUSE | HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY | RISK ASSESSMENT | Middle East | Developing Countries | Europe, Southwestern | Europe | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Africa, North | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproduction | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Evaluation Document Number: 324884 |
| 10. Title: Influence of parity on bone mineral density and peripheral fracture risk in Moroccan postmenopausal women. Author: Allali F; Maaroufi H; El Aichaoui S; Khazani H; Saoud B Source: Maturitas. 2007 Aug 20;57(4):392-398. Abstract: The aims of the study were to determine: (1) the relationship between parity and bone mineral density (BMD); (2) the relationship between parity and osteoporotic peripheral fractures. The group studied included 730 postmenopausal women. Patients were separated into four groups according to the number of full-term pregnancies, group 1: nulliparae, group 2: one to three pregnancies, group 3: four to five pregnancies, and group 4: six and more pregnancies. Additionally, patients were separated into three groups according to their ages, as < 50 years, 50-59 years and >/= 60 years. The median parity was 4 [0-20]. All the patients with parity greater than six had spine and hip BMD values significantly lower than values in the other groups (p < 0.001). After adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI), decreased lumbar and total hip BMD were still associated to increased parity (analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), p = 0.04 and 0.023, respectively). The relation between parity and lumbar BMD was highly significant among women aged < 50 years (age-adjusted p = 0.022), while there was no parity-spine BMD association in the other age groups. The relation between parity and hip BMD was seen only in the group 50-59 years (age-adjusted p = 0.042). A positive history for peripheral fractures was present in 170 (23%) patients. There was relationship between parity and peripheral fractures neither in the whole population nor in the sub-groups according to age. The present study suggests that the BMD of the spine and hip decreases with an increasing number of pregnancies, and this situation shows variations in different age groups. However, there was no correlation between parity level and peripheral fractures. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | WOMEN | MIDDLE AGED ADULTS | MENOPAUSE | PARITY | SKELETAL EFFECTS | ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES | RISK FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | OSTEOPOROSIS | Developing Countries | Africa, Northern | Africa | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Adults | Population Characteristics | Reproduction | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Physiology | Biology | Health Document Number: 318718 |
| 11. Title: Morocco: First steps in family planning. Author: Brown GF Source: In: The global family planning revolution: three decades of population policies and programs, edited by Warren C. Robinson and John A. Ross. Washington, D.C., World Bank, 2007. :71-82. Abstract: Morocco, part of the Arab Maghreb, is situated in the northwestern corner of Africa. In 1966, at the beginning of its family planning efforts, Morocco's population was 13 million. By 2005, it had grown to 30 million. Morocco's population is almost entirely Muslim (99 percent) and is largely Arabic speaking, with several Berber languages spoken by significant minorities in the mountainous Atlas region. Morocco, along with its neighboring Maghreb countries, Algeria and Tunisia, was colonized by the French in 1912. Spain also colonized northern Morocco. Independence was achieved in 1956. Morocco is principally an agrarian society, and at independence, literacy was low-averaging 18 percent for men and 2 percent for women in rural areas and increasing to 41 percent for men and 17 percent for women in urban areas. The age of marriage was low, especially in rural areas, averaging 15.5 years for women and 22.3 years for men. Politically, Morocco is a monarchy with a parliament that is largely supportive of the monarchy. It is primarily a one-party state, although some limited political opposition exists, and political unrest has been significant, especially in the 1970s, when a failed attempt to overthrow the monarchy took place. The king is the spiritual and religious head of this religiously conservative country. In 1966, the total fertility rate was a high 7.2 births per woman and mortality rates were declining, although they were still relatively high. The population growth rate in 1966 was estimated to be 3.2 percent. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | HISTORICAL REVIEW | CASE STUDIES | FAMILY PLANNING SURVEYS | POLICYMAKERS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | GOVERNMENT | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | POPULATION POLICY | DEVELOPMENT PLANS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Education | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Planning Document Number: 321940 |
| 12. Title: Morocco's migration experience: A transitional perspective. Author: de Haas H Source: International Migration. 2007 Oct;45(4):39-70. Abstract: Using a 'transitional' perspective on migration, which combines three theoretical approaches on dynamic development-migration linkages, this paper interprets the evolution of migration within, from, and to Morocco over the twentieth century. Colonization and the incorporation of rural areas, along with a certain level of socio-economic development, have spurred internal and international wage labour migration both within Morocco and from Morocco to Europe. Migration seems to be the result of development rather than the lack of development. Populations from highly marginalized regions were less likely to participate in migration than populations from the three, moderately enclosed "migration belts" which had established traditions of pre-modern, largely circular migration. At the onset of large-scale emigration in the 1960s, the spatial patterns of labour migration were significantly influenced by colonial bonds with Spain and France, selective labour recruitment, and Moroccan selective passport issuance policies. However, the influence of such policies rapidly decreased due to the effects of migration-facilitating networks. Increasingly restrictive policies coincided with a growing reliance on family migration, permanent settlement, undocumented migration, and the exploration of new migration itineraries, and had no success in reducing migration levels. Alongside patterns of decentralizing internal migration, a spatial diffusion of international out-migration has expanded beyond the historical migration belts in response to new labour opportunities in southern Europe. Persistent demand for migrant labour, along with demographic factors and increasing aspirations, suggest that migration over formally closed borders is likely to remain high in the near future. However, in the longer term, out-migration might decrease and Morocco could increasingly develop into a migration destination for migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, a transition process which may already have been set in motion. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | HISTORICAL REVIEW | MIGRATION | MIGRATION POLICY | SOCIAL CHANGE | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | POLITICAL FACTORS | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 313869 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Changing cause of death profile in Morocco: The impact of child-survival programmes. Author: Garenne M; Darkaoui N; Braikat M; Azelmat M Source: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 2007 Jun;25(2):212-220. Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the trends in cause-specific mortality and the impact of child-survival programmes in Morocco. Two national surveys on causes and circumstances of child deaths were conducted in Morocco in 1988 and 1998 (ECCD-1 and ECCD-2 respectively). These surveys were based on a representative sample of deaths of children aged less than five years (432 and 866 respectively). Causes of death were assessed by verbal autopsy and were validated on a subsample of 94 cases. Data on causes of deaths were matched with death rates from demographic surveys (Enquete Nationale Demographique a Passages Repetes and Demographic and Health Survey) to compute cause-specific death rates. Morocco underwent a dramatic mortality decline since independence, and the decline in mortality among children aged less than five years was particularly rapid over the 1988-1997 period, at an average rate of -6% a year, and faster for children (aged 1-4 year(s)) than for infants. The decline in mortality varied markedly by causes of death and was most pronounced for causes due to vaccine-preventable diseases, such as neonatal tetanus, measles, whooping cough, tuberculosis, for diarrhoeal diseases and malnutrition, and for selected infectious diseases. However, mortality due to acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) outside the neonatal period did not change significantly as was the case for some neonatal conditions (birth trauma and prematurity) and for accidents. The decline in cause-specific mortality could be attributed to the success of public-health programmes: the Expanded Programme on Immunization, the management of diarrhoeal diseases and malnutrition, and the use of antibiotics for selected infectious diseases. It is likely that improvements in living conditions, child-feeding practices, hygiene, and sanitation also contributed to the decline in mortality, although these could not explain the magnitude of the changes for target diseases. In contrast, the ALRI programme, which started after 1997, could not have any effect yet, and conditions of delivery and care of the newborn improved only marginally over the study period. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | CHILDREN | CHILD SURVIVAL | INTERVENTIONS | CAUSES OF DEATH | CHILD MORTALITY | DIARRHEA | RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS | CHILD NUTRITION | VACCINATION | MORTALITY DECLINE | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Programs | Organization and Administration | Diseases | Infections | Nutrition | Health | Immunization | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 321303 |
| 14. Title: Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population. Morocco, 1992, 2003/04. Author: Gwatkin DR; Rutstein S; Johnson K; Suliman E; Wagstaff A Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, Human Development Network, [2007]. 107 p. Abstract: This report is one in a series that provides basic information about health, nutrition, and population (hnp) inequalities within fifty-six developing countries. The series to which the report belongs is an expanded and updated version of a set covering forty-five countries that was published in 2000. The fifty-six reports in the current series cover almost all DHS surveys undertaken during the period beginning in 1990 and ending with the date of the last survey for which data were publicly available as of June 2006. The report's contents are intended to facilitate preparation of country analyses and the development of activities to benefit poor people. To this end, the report presents data about hnp status, service use, and related matters among individuals belonging to different socio-economic classes. The principal focus is on differences among groups of individuals defined in terms of the wealth or assets of the households where they reside. The source of data is the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program, a large, multi-country household survey project. The figures in this and the other reports in the series draw on responses to questions about household wealth or assets included in the DHS questionnaire, which were similar for all the surveys covered. These responses served as the basis for the construction of a wealth index, which was used to rank individuals according to the index value for the household to which they belonged. The individuals were then divided into quintiles, and the mean value for each of up to approximately 120 indicators was calculated for each quintile. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HEALTH | NUTRITION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | SEX RATIO | ANTENATAL CARE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | CHILD MORTALITY | MORBIDITY | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | HOUSEHOLDS | HYGIENE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | EDUCATION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | POVERTY | HIV TESTING | INEQUALITIES | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Geographic Factors | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Fertility | Mortality | Diseases | Economic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine Document Number: 318577 |
| 15. Title: Taking on violence against women in Africa: International norms, local activism start to alter laws, attitudes. Author: Kimani M Source: Africa Renewal. 2007 Jul;21(2):4. Abstract: The incident was not unusual in Africa. In December 1998 a Kenyan police officer, Felix Nthiwa Munayo, got home late and demanded meat for his dinner. There was none in the house. Enraged, he beat his wife, Betty Kavata. Paralyzed and brain-damaged, Ms. Kavata died five months later, on her 28th birthday. But unlike many such cases, Ms. Kavata's death did not pass in silence. The Kenyan media covered the story extensively. Images of the fatally injured woman and news of her death generated nationwide debate on domestic violence. There followed five years of protests, demonstrations and lobbying by non-governmental organizations (NGOs), as well as by outraged men and parliamentarians. Finally, the government passed a family protection bill criminalizing wife-beating and other forms of domestic violence. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), violence affects millions of women in Africa. In a 2005 study on women's health and domestic violence, the WHO found that 50 per cent of women in Tanzania and 71 per cent of women in Ethiopia's rural areas reported beatings or other forms of violence by husbands or other intimate partners. In South Africa, reports Amnesty International, about one woman is killed by her husband or boyfriend every six hours. In Zimbabwe, six out of 10 murder cases tried in the Harare High Court in 1998 were related to domestic violence. In Kenya, the attorney general's office reported in 2003 that domestic violence accounted for 47 per cent of all homicides. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | UGANDA | NIGERIA | MOROCCO | WOMEN | INTEREST GROUPS | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | POVERTY | ADVOCACY | ATTITUDES | SOCIAL CHANGE | SOCIAL PROTECTION | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa, Western | Africa, North | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 320137 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Scaling up clinical audits of obstetric cases in Morocco. Author: Muffler N; Trabelssi Mel H; De Brouwere V Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2007 Oct;12(10):1248-1257. Abstract: The objectives were to follow-up on the process of implementing clinical audits of obstetric cases in Morocco as recommended by the Ministry of Health (2001) and to explore both the barriers to and factors facilitating sustainability of clinical audits. Questionnaires were sent to heads of all 61 Moroccan health provinces (response rate 69%) to ask if their maternity units had implemented clinical audits between 1998 and 2003. Twenty of the 42 public maternities which responded had performed so. Thirteen of these 20 hospitals were visited and 56 semi-structured interviews held with administrators and health professionals. Locally available audit registers were consulted to triangulate data. Eleven of 13 maternities visited conducted an average of 6.8 case reviews per year with a total average of 16.7 cases per hospital (range 4-38). Although interviewees confirmed that audits resulted in better quality of care, five hospitals had ceased performing audits altogether and the remainder did them less frequently, because of audit teams encountering staff resistance, insufficient understanding of the audit concept, difficulties in organizing sessions, and lack of administrative support. Insufficient training and external assistance hindered the implementation of complete audit loops, resulting in a loss of staff motivation. Implementing clinical audits as a means to improving quality of care requires a significant investment in training and various kinds of on-going assistance - factors which decision-makers should be aware of. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | HOSPITALS | MATERNAL HEALTH | OBSTETRICS | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | IMPLEMENTATION | INTERVENTIONS | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medicine | Health Services | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Primary Health Care | Training Programs | Education | Management Document Number: 322056 |
| 17. Title: [Post-partum eclampsia: epidemiology and prognosis] L'eclampsie du post-partum: epidemiologie et pronostic. Author: Sabiri B; Moussalit A; Salmi S; El Youssoufi S; Miguil M Source: Journal de Gynecologie Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction. 2007 May;36(3):276-280. Abstract: The post-partum eclampsia occurs usually in the first 48 hours, its incidence is between 13 and 37% of all eclampsia. The goal of this prospective study was to analyse the epidemiologie data and the prognosis of this complication in the post-partum stage. We enrolled between January 1st 2000 to December 31st 2003 all eclampsia admitted to the intensive care unit of the maternity of the university hospital centre Ibn Rochd of Casablanca, Morocco. We noted for each patient epidemiologie, clinical, biological and radiologic data. We revealed outcome also. Two groups are individualized: 1) group 1 (N = 247): when eclampsia diagnosed in the prepartum stage; 2) group 2 (N = 58): when crisis diagnosed in the post-partum stage. We compared the groups (student test), p less than 0.05 was significant. The incidence of eclampsia in the post-partum in this study was 19% (58 over 305). Eighty-two percent had the crisis in the first 24 hours; we noted a crisis in the sixth, seventh and lately in the sixtieth day. The major proportion of patients are nulliparous (64%), young (mean age: 24 years), without prenatal care, and has high blood pressure (48%), low GCS (mean: 12) and massive proteinuria greater than 3 g/24 hours (37%). The post-partum eclampsia has best out come than these occurring in prepartum, with significantly (p less than 0.05) less high blood pressure, hellp syndrome and less placental abruption. Eclampsia is still frequent in our service; it seems less bad when occurring in the post-partum stage. We must give more attention for severe preeclamptic patient in this period. (author's) French Abstract: L'eclampsie du post-partum survient le plus souvent dans les premieres 48 heures apres I'accouchement. Sa prevalence varie de 13 a 37 %. Le but de ce travail est d'etudier les caracteristiques epidemiologiques et de degager les facteurs pronostiques de I'eclampsie du post-partum. II s'agit d'une analyse prospective dans laquelle nous avions enrole toutes les eclamptiques au niveau du service d'anesthesie-reanimation de la maternite du CHU Ibn-Rochd de Casablanca, Maroc du 1er Janvier 2000 au 31 decembre 2003. Pour chaque patiente nous avons note les parametres epidemiologiques, cliniques, biologiques ainsi que revolution. Deux groupes ont ete constitues : groupe 1 (n = 247): patientes ayant convulse en pre- et per-partum et le groupe 2 (n = 58): patientes ayant convulse en post-partum. Une etude statistique (test de Student et chi2) a ete utilisee pour comparer les patientes dans les deux groupes. La prevalence de I'eclampsie du post-partum dans notre structure est de 19% (58 sur 305 cas). Quatre-vingt-deux pour cent des eclampsies du post-partum ont convulse dans les premieres 24 heures, d'autres ont eu lieu tardivement a J6, J7 et meme a J60. Le profil epidemiologique est celui d'une primipare (64 %), jeune (24 ans) dont la grossesse n'est pas suivie (77%), admise avec HTA severe (48%) avec un score de Glasgow a 12 et une proteinurie superieure ou egale a 3 g/24 h (37 %). L'eclampsie du post-partum semble moins grave que sa survenue en prepartum. Nous avons note une frequence significativement moins elevee (p less than 0,05) d'HTA severe, de hellp syndrome, d'HRP. Le taux de mortalite etait identique dans les deux groupes. L'eclampsie en general est frequente dans notre contexte, sa survenue en postpartum est moins grave qu'en prepartum. La prevention repose sur la surveillance rapprochee de toute preeclamptique en post-partum. (de l'auteur) Language: French Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ECLAMPSIA | TIME FACTORS | NULLIPARITY | MATERNAL AGE | ANTENATAL CARE | HYPERTENSION | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Puerperium | Reproduction | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parity | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Parental Age | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Vascular Diseases Document Number: 308484 |
| 18. Title: Multi-dimensional migration challenges in North Africa. Author: van der Klaauw J Source: Forced Migration Review. 2007 Jul;(28):13-15. Abstract: Until 2004 the number of asylum seekers approaching UNHCR in North Africa had been modest - at most a few dozen a year in each country. Numbers have steadily increased as a result of persistent conflict and violence in a number of sub-Saharan countries, greater visibility and activity of UNHCR and imposition of more rigorous border controls by European countries. In early 2007 Morocco officially hosted 500 refugees and 1,300 asylum seekers, Algeria 175 refugees and 950 asylum seekers, Libya 880 refugees and 2,000 asylum seekers, and Tunisia 93 refugees and 68 asylum seekers. In response, the European Union decided to finance capacity-building programmes in migration management and the delivery of protection services by governments, international organisations and civil society in North Africa. The first project was undertaken by UNHCR and a number of NGO partners and primarily aimed to analyse the nature and trends of refugee movements in mixed migratory flows and the public policy responses. It also sought to develop basic protection mechanisms in the region by enhancing the operational capacities of UNHCR offices and government institutions and supporting civil society efforts to assist refugees and asylum seekers. It additionally assessed the role of the media in reporting refugee issues and, finally, aimed to strengthen inter-state cooperation in responding to the humanitarian and protection dimensions of rescue and interception at sea. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, NORTH | MOROCCO | SUMMARY REPORT | REFUGEES | MIGRATION | WAR | CAPACITY BUILDING | SOCIAL PROTECTION | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Africa | Migrants | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 320161 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: Maroc 2003-04 : résultats de l'enquête sur la population et la santé familiale. Author: Population Council; ORC Macro. MEASURE DHS+ Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2006 Mar;37(1):66-70. Abstract: The Morocco Population and Family Health Survey 2003-04, or Enquête sur la Population et la Santé Familiale (EPSF), was conducted by the Ministère de la Santé, Direction de la Planification et des Ressouces Financières, Division de la Planification et des Études, Service des Études et de l'Information Sanitaire, Rabat, Morocco, with technical assistance from ORC Macro. Data for the nationally representative EPSF were collected from 11,513 households, and complete interviews were conducted with 16,798 women aged 15- 49. The fieldwork took place from 15 October 2003 to 29 February 2004. The summary statistics presented below were taken from the Morocco country report,1 with exceptions as noted. (excerpt) French Abstract: L’Enquête sur la Population et la Santé Familiale (EPSF) 2003–04 a été réalisée par le Ministère de la Santé (Direction de la planification et des ressources financières, Division de la planification et des études, Service des études et de l’information sanitaire) à Rabat, au Maroc, avec l’assistance technique d’ORC Macro. Les données de l’enquête EPSF, qui est représentative à l’échelle nationale, ont été recueillies auprès de 11 513 foyers et des entrevues exhaustives ont été réalisées auprès de 16 798 femmes entre 15 et 49 ans. Les études sur le terrain ont eu lieu entre le 15 octobre et le 29 février 2004. Les statistiques sommaires présentées ci-dessous sont issues d’un rapport No 1 sur le Maroc, avec des exceptions comme indiqué. (extrait) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | EDUCATION | FERTILITY | CONTRACEPTION | MARITAL STATUS | CHILDBIRTH | INFANT MORTALITY | HEALTH | NUTRITION INDEXES | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Nuptiality | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Mortality | Nutrition Document Number: 298809 |
| 20. Title: [Childhood cutaneous tuberculosis from Morocco: a study of 30 cases] Tuberculose cutanee de l’enfant au Maroc : etude de 30 cas. Author: Akhdari N; Zouhair K; Habibeddine S; Lakhdar H Source: Archives de Pediatrie. 2006 Aug;13(8):1098-1101. Abstract: In Morocco, tuberculosis is still endemic. Cutaneous tuberculosis is ranged the fifth after the pleuro-pulmonary, lymphe node, urogenital and digestive tuberculosis. It mainly affects young people. Few studies of cutaneous tuberculosis are available in this age group. The aim of our study is to emphasize its epidemiological features. It is a retrospective study including all cases of childhood cutaneous tuberculosis observed between January 1981 and December 2004. The diagnosis was based on the confrontation of clinical, immunological, bacteriological and histological data. Thirty cases were collected. The mean age was 11 years. The clinical features are as follows: gumma 46.6%, scrofuloderma 36.6%, lupus vulgaris 13.3% and skin tuberculosis chancre 3.3%. The Mantoux test was positive in 67%, tuberculoid granuloma was observed in 78% and the search of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was positive in 13%. Gumma and scrofuloderma were the most frequent forms as in other Moroccan series. These results attest the endemicity of this affection in our country. The diagnosis relies on the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis; as this situation is rare for the cutaneous location, the diagnosis relies then on the association of clinical and paraclinical criteria. (author's) French Abstract: Au Maroc, la tuberculose reste endémique. La localisation cutanée occupe la 5e place après les atteintes pleuropulmonaires, ganglionnaires, urogénitales et digestives. Peu d’études se sont intéressées à la tuberculose cutanée chez l’enfant. Ce travail se propose de contribuer aux données épidémiologiques chez l’enfant. Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective monocentrique qui a colligé les cas de tuberculose cutanée chez l’enfant entre janvier 1981 et décembre 2004. Le diagnostic était établi grâce à la confrontation des données cliniques, immunologiques, bactériologiques, histologiques et évolutives. Trente cas de tuberculose cutanée chez l’enfant ont été rapportés. La moyenne d’âge était de 11 ans. Les formes cliniques se répartissaient comme suit : gommes 46.6%, scrofulodermes 36.6%, lupus tuberculeux 13.3%, chancre tuberculeux 3.3%. L’IDR à la tuberculine était positive dans 67 % des cas. La biopsie cutanée a montré un granulome tuberculoïde dans 78% des cas. La recherche du bacille de Koch au niveau des lésions a été positive dans 13% des cas. La tuberculose cutanée chez l’enfant est dominée par les lésions gommeuses et les scrofulodermes à l’instar des autres séries marocaines, attestant de l’endémicité de cette affection dans notre pays. Le diagnostic formel repose sur la découverte du bacille de Koch. Cette situation étant rare pour la localisation cutanée, la prise en charge thérapeutique est effectuée alors sur un faisceau d’arguments cliniques et paracliniques. Language: French Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CHILDREN | TUBERCULOSIS | DERMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS | PREVALENCE | PULMONARY EFFECTS | EPIDEMIOLOGY | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Infections | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | Measurement | Public Health | Health Document Number: 314341 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: The impact of clothing style on bone mineral density among post menopausal women in Morocco: a case-control study. Author: Allali F; El Aichaoui S; Saoud B; Maaroufi H; Abouqal R Source: BMC Public Health. 2006 May 19;6:[6] p.. Abstract: The clothing style is an important factor that influences vitamin D production and thus bone mineral density. We performed a case-control study in order to evaluate the effect of veil wearing (concealing clothing) on bone mineral density in Moroccan post menopausal women. The cases were osteoporotic women whose disease was assessed by bone mineral density measurement. Each patient was matched with a non osteoporotic woman for age, and body mass index. All our patients were without secondary causes or medications that might affect bone density. The veil was defined as a concealing clothing which covered most of the body including the arms, the legs and the head. This definition is this of the usual Moroccan traditional clothing style. 178 post menopausal osteoporotic patients and 178 controls were studied. The mean age of the cases and the controls was 63.2 years (SD 7) and the mean body mass index was 32.1 (SD 8). The results of crude Odds Ratios analyses indicated that wearing a veil was associated with a high risk of osteoporosis: OR 2.29 (95% CI, 1.38--3.82). Multiparity or a history of familial peripheral osteoporotic fractures had also a significant effect on increasing the osteoporosis risk (ORs: 1.87 (95% CI, 1.05--3.49) and 2.01 (95% CI, 1.20--3.38)). After a multiple regression analysis, wearing the veil and a history of familial osteoporotic fractures remained the both independent factors that increased the osteoporosis risk (ORs: 2.20 (95% CI, 1.22--3.9) and 2.19 (95% CI, 1.12-- 4.29) respectively). Our study suggested that in Moroccan post menopausal women, wearing a traditional concealing clothing covering arms, legs and head increased the risk of osteoporosis. Further studies are required to evaluate the clinical impact of the above findings and to clarify the status of vitamin D among veiled women in Morocco. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | SKELETAL EFFECTS | WOMEN | MENOPAUSE | VITAMIN D | OSTEOPOROSIS | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Physiology | Biology | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Vitamins and Minerals Document Number: 304365 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: Gender, sexuality and law reform in Muslim societies. Author: Amado LE Source: Development. 2006 Mar;49(1):96-98. Abstract: In recent years, women's human rights activists throughout the world have been struggling to defend their rights against the prevalent global conservative atmosphere. The rise of religious right wing conservative governments, both in the North and the South, growing fundamentalisms, nationalism and militarization have resulted in the enforcement and/or maintenance of discriminatory legislation, policies and programmes both on the global level, as well as national contexts. Faced with the threat of backlash in the domain of their rights and freedoms, women's movements throughout the world are advocating with ever more strength to realize their rights. Women's human rights activism in Muslim societies in the Middle East, North Africa and Southeast Asia is increasingly gaining momentum and strength as women's organizations in these regions join forces nationally and regionally. The widespread notion that women's groups in this region are subdued by conservative politics and oppressive political regimes is in fact very misleading. Women activists in this region are increasingly becoming forces of change, advocating successfully for legislative reform, programmes and policies despite the trying political and social context. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | INDONESIA | TURKEY | WOMEN | ISLAM | GENDER ISSUES | SEXUALITY | LEGISLATION | ADVOCACY | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | CAMPAIGNS | HUMAN RIGHTS | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Demographic Factors | Population | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Political Factors | Communication | Communication Programs Document Number: 319978 |
| 23. Title: Fertility decline and reproductive health in Morocco: new DHS figures. Author: Ayad M; Roudi F Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2006 May. 4 p. Abstract: The "fertility transition"--the shift from large to small families that demographers have observed throughout much of the world--has been remarkably rapid in Morocco, according to a recently released demographic and health survey on that country. The 2003-2004 Demographic and Health Survey found that Moroccan women were having 2.5 children on average--three fewer births than the average recorded in 1980. The change has been particularly dramatic among women living in rural areas, whose fertility declined from 6.6 births in 1980 to 3.0 births on average in 2004. But while these and other health indicators for women and children have improved substantially in Morocco, the country still faces many challenges regarding women and reproductive health, including limited contraceptive options, disparities between rich and poor in access to contraception, and a need to translate revised family laws into practical legal progress for women. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | WOMEN | FERTILITY DECLINE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | Developing Countries | Africa, Northern | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Health Document Number: 310069 |
| 24. Title: Social inequalities and health inequity in Morocco. [Inégalités sociales et inégalité au niveau de la santé au Maroc] Author: Boutayeb A Source: International Journal of Equity in Health. 2006;5:[15] p.. Abstract: Background: According to the last census, Morocco has a population approaching 30 million people. The country has made good progress in the control of preventable childhood disease but social inequalities and health inequities remain major problems for the third millennium. Despite the progress achieved during the last decade, the country still ranks at the 125th place according to the Human Development Index. This unpleasant position is mainly explained by illiteracy, education and health indicators. Method: Our study was based mainly on annual reports and regular publications released by the United Nationals (UN), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Health Organisation (WHO), The Moroccan Health Ministry and related papers published in international journals. Results and Discussion: As indicated by the last Arab Human Development Reports (AHDR 2002, AHDR 2003, AHDR 2004) and implicitly confirmed by the "National Initiative for Human Development" (NIHD) launched in May 2005 by the King of Morocco, many districts and shanty towns, urban or peri-urban, and a multitude of rural communes live in situations characterized by difficult access to basic social services of which education and health are examples. Conclusion: Recent evidence showed that improved health is more than a consequence of development. It is a central input into economic and social development and poverty reduction. Serious initiatives for human development should consider the reduction of social inequalities and health inequities as a first priority. Otherwise, the eventual development achieved cannot be sustained. (author's) French Abstract: Historique : Au dernier recensement, le Maroc avait une population de près de 30 millions. Le pays a fait des progrès remarquables dans le contrôle des maladies de l'enfance évitables mais les inégalités sociales et d'accès à la santé demeurent des problèmes majeurs pour le troisième millénaire. En dépit des progrès accomplis au cours de la dernière décennie, le Maroc est toujours à la 125e place de l'Indice du développement humain. Cette position peu enviable s'explique surtout par les indicateurs d'analphabétisme, d'éducation et de santé. Méthodes : Notre étude était basée principalement sur des rapports annuels et des publications régulières émises par United Nationals (UN), par le Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement (PNUD), par l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) et par le ministère de la Santé du Maroc, ainsi que sur des articles connexes publiés dans des revues internationales. Résultats et discussion : Comme l'ont indiqué les Rapports arabes sur le développement humain et comme l'a implicitement confirmé l'initiative nationale de développement humain (INDH), lancée en mai 2005 par le Roi du Maroc, de nombreux districts et quartiers pauvres, urbains ou périurbains, ainsi qu'une multitude de communes connaissent des situations caractérisées par un accès difficile aux services sociaux, notamment l'éducation et la santé. Conclusion : Les données les plus récentes indiquent que l'amélioration de la santé est plus qu'une simple conséquence du développement. C'est un élément essentiel qui doit être intégré au développement économique et social ainsi qu'à la réduction de la pauvreté. Toute initiative pour le développement humain qui vise à avoir une grande portée doit tenir compte des inégalités sociales et de la santé et en faire la priorité principale. Sinon, le développement qui aurait été accompli ne pourrait pas être durable. (de l'auteur) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | CENSUS | SLUMS | LOW INCOME POPULATION | POVERTY | INEQUALITIES | PUBLIC HEALTH | NEEDS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Northern | Africa | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Urbanization | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Health Document Number: 299357 |
| 25. Title: Fertility changes in rural Moroccan Berbers during the 20th century. Author: Crognier E; Amor H; Baali A; Cherkaoui M; Hilali MK Source: International Journal of Anthropology. 2006 Nov;21(2):141-149. Abstract: Morocco's fertility pattern evolved in the 20th century from a traditional model close to 'natural fertility' to a modern pattern incorporating contraception. The very high fertility rate of nearly 7 offspring per woman observed in the 1960s was still at a level of 5.5 offspring per woman in the early 1980s. The total fertility rate subsequently declined to 2.5 by 2003. This decline was apparently, principally, the result of two factors in the urban context: the relative increase in women's age at marriage and the use of contraception to regulate and to close reproduction. This research studied a group of Berber agriculturists in the region of Marrakech to better understand the extension and modalities of fertility changes in a rural environment. Though delayed, the changes observed in rural Berbers paralleled the general trends seen at the national level. As in the urban environment, the changes affecting reproductive patterns resulted from an increase in the age at marriage of women and the introduction of contraception. However, these changes were apparently minor adaptations to the traditional pattern, in that the progressive increase in mean age at marriage was obtained by the decrease in the frequency of pre-nubile unions (<15 years old) and not from the upward shift of the modal age. On the other hand, contraception apparently was employed to stop childbearing after the expected family size was already attained. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | RURAL AREAS | ETHNIC GROUPS | FAMILY SIZE | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | MARRIAGE AGE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | Developing Countries | Africa, Northern | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility Document Number: 314678 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Progression to third birth in Morocco in the context of fertility transition. Author: D'Addato AV Source: Demographic Research. 2006 Dec 8;15(19):517-536. Abstract: Progression from second to third birth is a critical reproductive decision in contemporary Morocco. The study thus aims at analyzing the main determinants of third-birth intensities, applying an event-history analysis to the most recent Moroccan survey data. Differences among social groups still persist in the country. Nevertheless, in the background of current modernization and geared to promote women's status, all segments of the population are rapidly changing their fertility behavior. This applies even to the most laggard group, such as illiterate women. The analysis also shows no significant or clear evidence of sex preference among Moroccan mothers in the progression to the third child. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | COUPLES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | DECISION MAKING | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | MODERNIZATION | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | WOMEN'S STATUS | SEX PREFERENCE | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Demographic Analysis | Research Methodology | Theoretical Models | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Family Size | Social Change | Fertility | Socioeconomic Factors | Value Orientation | Psychological Factors Document Number: 311143 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: Can the process indicators for emergency obstetric care assess the progress of maternal mortality reduction programs? An examination of UNFPA Projects 2000-2004. [Les indicateurs de processus pour les soins obstétriques d'urgence peuvent-ils évaluer les progrès des programmes de réduction de la mortalité maternelle ? Un examen des projets du FNUAP 2000-2004][¿Los indicadores de proceso para la atención obstétrica de emergencia se pueden utilizar para evaluar los avances de los programas de reducción de la mortalidad materna?] Author: Fauveau V; Donnay F Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2006 Jun;93(3):308-316. Abstract: In view of the disappointing progress made in the last 20 years in reducing maternal mortality in low-income countries and before going to scale in implementing the new evidence-based strategies, it is crucial to review and assess the progress made in pilot countries where maternal mortality reduction programs focused on emergency obstetric care. The objective was to review the process indicators recommended for monitoring emergency obstetric care and their application in field situations, examining the conditions under which they can be used to assess the progress of maternal mortality reduction programs. Five of the six UN recommended process indicators were monitored annually for 5 years in selected districts of Morocco, Mozambique, India and Nicaragua. Trends are presented and discussed. With specific variations due to different local situations in the four countries and in spite of variations in quality of data collection, all indicators showed a consistent positive trend, in response to the inputs of the programs. The UN process indicators for emergency obstetric care should continue to be promoted, but with two important conditions: (1) data collection is carefully checked for quality and coverage; (2) efforts are made to match process and outcome indicators (maternal and perinatal mortality, incidence of complications). (author's) Spanish Abstract: En vista del decepcionante avance logrado en los últimos 20 años en la reducción de la mortalidad materna en los países de bajos ingresos y antes realizar una proyección a escala de la implementación de nuevas estrategias basadas en la evidencia, es fundamental revisar y evaluar los avances logrados en los países piloto donde los programas de reducción de la mortalidad materna se orientan a la atención obstétrica de emergencia. El objetivo fue revisar los indicadores de proceso recomendados para supervisar la atención obstétrica de emergencia y su aplicación en situaciones de campo, a la vez que se analizan las condiciones en las que se los puede utilizar para evaluar los avances de los programas de reducción de la mortalidad materna. Se realizó una supervisión anual de cinco de los seis indicadores de proceso recomendados por Naciones Unidas durante 5 años en distritos seleccionados de Marruecos, Mozambique, India y Nicaragua. Se presentan y analizan las tendencias. Todos los indicadores mostraron una tendencia positiva uniforme en respuesta a los estímulos de los programas, si bien registraron variaciones específicas debido a las diferencias en las situaciones locales de los cuatro países y a pesar de las divergencias en la calidad de la recolección de datos. Se recomienda continuar la promoción de los indicadores de proceso de la ONU para la atención obstétrica de emergencia, pero con dos condiciones importantes: (1) el cuidadoso control de la calidad y la cobertura de la recolección de datos; (2) la aplicación de medidas que permitan equiparar los indicadores de proceso y resultado (mortalidad materna y perinatal, incidencia de complicaciones). (del autor) French Abstract: Compte tenu des progrès décevants enregistrés au cours des 20 dernières années au niveau de la réduction de la mortalité maternelle dans les pays à faible revenu, et avant de passer à grande échelle pour mettre en œuvre des stratégies basées sur les données, il est crucial d'examiner et d'évaluer les progrès accomplis dans les pays pilotes où les programmes de réduction de la mortalité maternelle ont mis l'accent sur les soins obstétriques d'urgence. L'objectif était de passer en revue les indicateurs de processus recommandés pour la surveillance des soins obstétriques d'urgence, et leur application dans des situations sur le terrain, en examinant les conditions dans lesquelles ils peuvent être utilisés pour évaluer les progrès des programmes de réduction de la mortalité maternelle. Cinq des six indicateurs de processus recommandés par les Nations Unies ont été surveillés annuellement pendant 5 ans dans certains districts au Maroc, au Mozambique, en Inde et au Nicaragua. Les tendances ont été présentées et discutées. Compte tenu des variations spécifiques dues à des situations locales différentes dans les quatre pays, et en dépit des variations de la qualité de la collection des données, tous les indicateurs faisaient apparaître une tendance positive homogène en réponse aux ressources mises en œuvre par les programmes. Les indicateurs de processus des Nations Unies pour les soins obstétriques d'urgence devraient continuer d'être soutenus, mais avec deux conditions importantes : (1) la qualité et la nature des données doivent être rigoureusement contrôlées, (2) des efforts doivent être entrepris pour que le processus corresponde aux indicateurs de résultat (mortalité maternelle et périnatale, incidence de complications. (de l'auteur) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | INDIA | MOZAMBIQUE | NICARAGUA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREGNANT WOMEN | SAFE MOTHERHOOD | MATERNAL HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL MORTALITY | EMERGENCY SERVICES | OBSTETRICAL SURGERY | MONITORING | UNFPA | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Northern | Africa | Asia, Southern | Asia | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Evaluation | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 300895 |
| 28. Title: A restrospective study of acute systemic poisoning of paraphenylenediamine (Occidental Takawt) in Morocco. [Une étude rétrospective portant sur l'empoisonnement systémique aigu à la paraphénylénédiamine (région occidentale du Takawt) au Maroc] Author: Filali A; Semlali I; Ottaviano V; Furnari C; Corradini D Source: African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2006;3(1):142-149. Abstract: Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is commonly used in several industries (dyeing furs, photochemical processes, tyre vulcanisation industries, oxidisable hair dye, etc.). Its allergic effect is well established and many studies are devoted to the subject, but PPD systemic poisoning is not understood. Several acute PPD poisoning cases (accidental or intentional) had been reported, in particular, from Africa and Asia where it is traditionally used mixed with Henna to colour palms of hands and soles of feet and to dye hair. We examine here an eleven-year (1992-2002) retrospective of PPD poisoning reported to the Poison Control Centre of Morocco. It revealed 374 cases with a female predominance (77%). The majority of poisoning was intentional (78.1%) and the group most prone to PPD poisoning were the young population (15.1-25 and 25.1-35 years-old-age groups) accounting for 54.3% and 15.2%, respectively. 21.1% of poisoning cases were fatal, and the source/route of poisoning was by ingestion in the largest number of cases (93%). 50% of poisoning were from the south of Morocco, where phytotherapy knowledge is very developed. The largest number of cases was recorded in 2001 (20.1%). The prevention and treatment of PPD poisoning by public enlightenment is mandatory in the effort to reduce poisoning by this agent. (author's) French Abstract: La paraphénylénédiamine (PPD) est couramment utilisée dans plusieurs industries (teinture des fourrures, procédés photochimiques, industries de vulcanisation pneumatique, teinture oxydable des cheveux, etc.). Ses effets allergiques ont été bien documentés et de nombreuses études portent sur ce sujet, mais l'empoisonnement systémique par la PPD n'est pas défini. Plusieurs cas d'empoisonnement aigu à la PPD (accidentels ou intentionnels) ont été signalés, en particulier en Afrique et en Asie où elle est traditionnellement mélangée au Henné pour colorer la paume des mains et la plante des pieds, et pour teindre les cheveux. Nous nous sommes penchés ici sur une rétrospective de onze années de signalisation de cas d'empoisonnement par la PPD (de 1992 à 2002) rapportés au Centre anti-poison du Maroc. Cette rétrospective a révélé l'existence de 374 cas, avec une prédominance féminine (77 %). La majorité des empoisonnements sont d'origine intentionnelle (78,1 %) et le groupe le plus sujet aux empoisonnements concerne la population jeune, à savoir des groupes de personnes âgés de 15,1 à 25 ans et de 25,1 à 35 ans), qui ont représenté 54,3 % et 15,2 % des cas, respectivement. 21,1 % des cas d'empoisonnement ont abouti à une issue fatale, et la source/forme d'empoisonnement a été par ingestion dans le plus grand nombre des cas (93 %). 50 % des empoisonnements ont eu lieu dans le sud du Maroc, où le savoir en phytothérapie est très développé. Le plus grand nombre de cas enregistrés concerne l'année 2001 (20,1 %). La prévention et le traitement de l'empoisonnement par la PPD nécessitent obligatoirement une sensibilisation du public à cette forme d'empoisonnement, ceci en vue de réduire les cas d'empoisonnement à partir de cette substance. (de l'auteur) Language: English Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | POISON | TOXICITY | ALLERGIC REACTION | INDUSTRY | EXPOSURE | Developing Countries | Africa, Northern | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Physiology | Biology | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Risk Factors Document Number: 296157 |
| 29. Title: Migration of the Health Belief Model (HBM): effects of psychosocial and migrant network characteristics on emigration intentions in five countries in West Africa and the Mediterranean region. Author: Groenewold G; de Bruijn B; Bilsborrow R Source: [Unpublished] 2006. Presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, Los Angeles, California, March 30 - April 1, 2006. 24 p. Abstract: The effects of psychosocial and migrant network factors on emigration intentions are examined. Following a review of migration and health theories, it is argued that adaptation of the Health Belief Model (HBM) conceptualization of behavioral intentions contributes to a better understanding and prediction of emigration intentions. An HBM-inspired conceptual model is derived and tested, using comparable data collected in migration surveys by a multi-country project on international migration from West Africa and Mediterranean region to Europe. Results show that indicators of the psychosocial constructs of 'perceived threat to financial living conditions', 'perceived benefits and perceived barriers to emigration', 'cues to action' and 'perceived general self-efficacy' show effects in predicted directions and contribute considerably to the explanation of emigration intentions. It is therefore recommended that international migration surveys, when examining emigration intentions, use the advocated framework to identify relevant indicators and survey questions to capture and measure the aforementioned psychosocial constructs. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | AFRICA, WESTERN | GHANA | SENEGAL | MOROCCO | EGYPT | TURKEY | SPAIN | ITALY | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL STUDIES | DATA SOURCES | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | MIGRANT WORKERS | MIGRATION | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | BELIEFS | HEALTH | AGE FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Europe, Southwestern | Europe, Southern | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Sociocultural Factors | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Culture | Population Characteristics Document Number: 318874 |
| 30. Title: Programming to address violence against women: 10 case studies. Author: Melek M; Albrectsen AB; Agduk M; Bojorquez N; Cordoba A Source: New York, New York, United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA], 2006. 93 p. Abstract: During the UNFPA Global Meeting in December 2004, a number of country offices reviewed their success in implementing UNFPA-supported projects to address violence against women. Some of these experiences were local adaptations of these model standards and strategies. To build upon lessons discussed at the global meeting, UNFPA, with support from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), launched a review of ten projects to identify what works in terms of programming to address violence against women, particularly in terms of community ownership and programme sustainability. The result is this publication. It is one of a series of booklets, including 'Culture Matters', 'Working from Within' and '24 Tips for Culturally Sensitive Programming' produced as part of UNFPA's Culture Initiative, which started in 2002 with funding from the SDC and the German Government. Other products include a training manual that is being used to train UNFPA staff and build capacity within UNFPA on culturally sensitive approaches in programming areas including reproductive rights and health, HIV/AIDS, and female genital mutilation/cutting. This publication is a joint effort of UNFPA's Technical Support Division--the Culture, Gender and Human Rights Branch--and its Geographic Divisions. Country offices in Bangladesh, Colombia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, Romania, Sierra Leone and Turkey gave their full support in providing information to the research team leader and the national and international consultants who reviewed, analysed and documented the country projects. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MAURITANIA | ROMANIA | SIERRA LEONE | MOROCCO | COLOMBIA | KENYA | TURKEY | MEXICO | BANGLADESH | GHANA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | NURSE-MIDWIVES | RAPE | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | HUMAN RIGHTS | SEXUAL HARASSMENT | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Africa, Northern | Africa | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Africa, Eastern | North America | Asia, Southern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Political Factors | Diseases Document Number: 312499 |
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