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Title: Barriers and facilitators to medication adherence in a southern minority population with HIV disease.
Author: Konkle-Parker DJ; Erlen JA; Dubbert PM
Source: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. 2008 Mar-Apr;19(2):98-104.
Abstract: Adherence to HIV medications has been an important focus over the past decade, but little is known about adherence barriers and facilitators specifically in that part of the United States known as the Deep South. Characteristics of the region may affect factors associated with adherence related to the patient, the patient-provider relationship, and the environment. A total of 20 HIV-infected clients of a large public infectious diseases clinic in the Deep South participated in one of three focus groups; themes were identified by content analysis. Barriers included the perceived burden of extra planning, denial, life stress, difficult characteristics of the medicines, social stigma, and shame. Facilitators included acceptance of the diagnosis, thinking about the consequences of not taking the medicines, prayer and spirituality, improvements in the medicines, and support from family and friends. In the South, faith and prayer may be strong facilitators that need to be considered when adapting existing adherence interventions. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MISSISSIPPI | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | STIGMA | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Population | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 325227

Title: What if: How declines in teen births have improved poverty and child well-being in Mississippi.
Author: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Source: Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2005 Apr. 3 p.
Abstract: Years of research have closely linked teen pregnancy and early childbearing to a host of other critical social issues, including overall child health and well-being, out-of-wedlock births, educational attainment and workforce readiness, responsible fatherhood, and poverty in particular -- especially child poverty. For example, young children born to a mother who is a teenager, is not married, and did not finish high school are nine times more likely to be poor than children born to mothers without these three risk factors. Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing cost taxpayers at least $7 billion annually and place a serious economic burden on schools and on health, welfare and social service systems. The U.S. teen birth rate declined by 30 percent between 1991 and 2002--a significant decrease that has made major contributions to American communities. Illustrating this very point, the U.S. Congress' Joint Economic Committee completed an analysis in April 2004 that the National Campaign in turn summarized. The congressional study posed an intriguing question: if the nation's teen birth rate had remained at its 1991 level through 2002 (rather than decreasing as it did), how many more children would have been born to teen mothers and to single mothers, and what would have been the effect on poverty and on the living arrangements of children? Findings included the following: if teen birth rates had not declined nationally by 30 percent during that time, there would have been an additional 1.2 million more children born to teen mothers, approximately 460,000 additional children in poverty and almost 700,000 more children living with a single mother. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MISSISSIPPI | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ONE PARENT FAMILY | BIRTH RATE | POVERTY | CHILD HEALTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | CAMPAIGNS | FERTILITY DECLINE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Measurements | Economic Factors | Health | Communication Programs | Communication | Fertility Changes
Document Number: 307043

4.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Predictors of risky sex of young men after release from prison.
Author: MacGowan RJ; Margolis A; Gaiter J; Morrow K; Zack B
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2003 Aug;14(8):519-523.
Abstract: A longitudinal study of demographic and behavioural characteristics associated with risky sexual behaviours of young men after release from prison. One hundred and six men were interviewed in prison and at one week and six months after release. Overall, 37% reported a previous sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnosis. In the 30 days before incarceration, 33% had had sex with a risky partner, and 59% had had multiple female sex partners. After release, 38 (36%) men reported having had risky sex (52 female sex partners and unprotected vaginal sex): 12 (13%) at one week and 31 (34%) at six months. The only factor independently associated with risky sex was the use of alcohol/drugs before sex: one-week odds ratio (OR)=6.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42� 26.40), six-month OR=3.05 (95% CI: 1.30� 9.42). Behavioural intervention programmes for incarcerated men should address drug and alcohol use and its contribution to higher risk for HIV and STDs. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
CALIFORNIA | MISSISSIPPI | RHODE ISLAND | WISCONSIN | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | POPULATION AT RISK | MEN | PRISONERS | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | RISK BEHAVIOR | RISK ASSESSMENT | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | INTERVENTIONS | HIV INFECTIONS | HIV TRANSMISSION | HEPATITIS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | SEX BEHAVIOR | MARITAL STATUS | EMPLOYMENT STATUS | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Population | Sexual Partners | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Evaluation | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Programs | Organization and Administration | Nuptiality | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 182660

6.
Title: Vasectomy, inflammation, atherosclerosis and long-term followup for cardiovascular diseases: no associations in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.
Author: Coady SA; Sharrett AR; Zheng ZJ; Evans GW; Heiss G
Source: Journal of Urology. 2002 Jan;167(1):204-207.
Abstract: Purpose: Although human studies have failed to reveal an increased risk of clinical cardiovascular disease in men who undergo vasectomy, the possibility exists that an association may be detectable only after a long followup, or it may be more evident for subclinical than clinical disease. We assessed the association of vasectomy with inflammation and coagulation factors, carotid intimal-medial thickness, carotid plaque, prevalent peripheral arterial disease, and incident coronary heart disease and stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort. Materials and Methods: Included in the study were 3,957 white men 45 to 64 years old who were free of coronary heart disease at the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) baseline examination in 1987 to 1989. Data on vasectomy was collected at baseline by self-reporting. High resolution B-mode ultrasound was done to assess carotid intimal-medial thickness and carotid plaque. The cohort was followed an average of 9 years for incident cardiovascular events. Results: Average time since vasectomy was 16 years. Approximately 20% of the population had undergone vasectomy 20 years or more ago at baseline. Multivariate analysis showed no association of vasectomy status with inflammation or coagulation factors, peripheral arterial disease, carotid plaque, carotid far wall thickness, incident coronary heart disease or stroke. Associations were unaffected by the time since vasectomy. Conclusions: There is no evidence in this population based sample of men indicating that vasectomy is related to atherosclerosis even after more than 20 years of followup. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
NORTH CAROLINA | MISSISSIPPI | MINNESOTA | MARYLAND | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | WHITES | MEN | VASECTOMY | TESTIS | ATHEROSCLEROSIS | CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS | RISK ASSESSMENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Male Sterilization | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Genitalia, Male | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Arteriosclerosis | Arterial Occlusive Diseases | Vascular Diseases | Diseases | Evaluation
Document Number: 175275

7.
Title: The impact of mandatory waiting periods and parental consent laws on the timing of abortion and state of occurrence among adolescents in Mississippi and South Carolina.
Author: Joyce T; Kaestner R
Source: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 2001 Spring;20(2):263-82.
Abstract: Individual data on induced abortions from Mississippi and South Carolina are used to examine the effect of parental consent laws and mandatory delay statutes on two outcomes among teens: the point in pregnancy at which the abortion occurs and whether teens obtain abortions in or outside their state of residence. No effect of either law was found on the timing and location of abortion among minors relative to older teens in South Carolina. In Mississippi, however, both laws are associated with an increase in the proportion of abortions performed out of the state and the parental consent statute with later abortions. The conclusion is that Mississippi's 24-hour as compared with South Carolina's 1-hour delay requirement, and Mississippi's two-parent as contrasted with South Carolina's one-parent consent statute explain the stronger behavioral response in Mississippi. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSISSIPPI | SOUTH CAROLINA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION | PARENTAL CONSENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning
Document Number: 160585 Notification

Title: The impact of Mississippi's mandatory delay law on the timing of abortion. [Impact de la loi du Mississipi sur le d�lai obligatoire sur le moment de l'avortement]
Author: Joyce T; Kaestner R
Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2000 Jan-Feb;32(1):4-13.
Abstract: This article examined the effect of Mississippi's mandatory delay law on the timing of abortion. This mandate imposes that a woman seeking abortion must first receive in person information about the fetus and alternatives to abortion. She must then wait at least 24 hours before having an abortion. The Mississippi abortion data were stratified by location of the nearest provider, and the effects on the likelihood of a second-trimester abortion and on gestational age at the time of abortion were assessed. Results of the analysis of data for the 34,748 abortions revealed that the proportion of second-trimester procedures were at least 2.6% points greater among women whose nearest abortion provider was in-state than among those whose nearest provider was out-of-state. The overall effect of the law on mean gestation was to delay an abortion by about 4 days (0.61 weeks). In conclusion, the proportion of abortions performed later in pregnancy will probably increase if more states impose mandatory delay laws with in-person counseling requirements.
French Abstract: Cet article a examin� l'effet de la loi du Mississippi du d�lai obligatoire sur le temps d'avortement. Ce mandat impose � une femme qui demande l'avortement qu'elle doit d'abord recevoir de l'information au sujet du f�tus et des alternatives � l'avortement. Elle doit alors attendre au moins 24 heures avant d'avoir un avortement. Les donn�es sur l'avortement au Mississippi ont �t� stratifi�es par emplacement du fournisseur le plus proche, et les effets sur la probabilit� d'un avortement du deuxi�me trimestre et sur l'�ge de la grossesse au moment de l'avortement ont �t� �valu�s. Les r�sultats de l'analyse des donn�es pour les 34748 avortements ont r�v�l� que la proportion des proc�dures du deuxi�me trimestre �taient au moins de 2,6% points plus importants parmi les femmes dont le fournisseur d'avortement le plus proche �tait dans le m�me �tat que parmi celles dont le fournisseur le plus proche �tait en dehors de l'�tat. L'effet global de la loi sur la grossesse moyenne �tait de diff�rer un avortement par approximativement 4 jours (0,61 semaines). En conclusion, la proportion d'avortements ex�cut�s tardivement durant la grossesse augmentera probablement si plus d'�tats imposent des lois de d�lai obligatoire avec exigence de conseillers locaux.
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSISSIPPI | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION | COUNSELING | GESTATIONAL AGE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Fetus | Pregnancy | Reproduction
Document Number: 147830 Notification

9.
Title: Selected facts about teen pregnancy in Mississippi.
Author: Luckett MJ; Thompson FE Jr
Source: Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association. 1999 Apr;40(4):115-7.
Abstract: This paper presents several facts about teen pregnancy in Mississippi. It is noted that Mississippi continues to have one of the highest percentages of births to teens in the nation, with more than 20% of all live birth babies born to teen mothers. Statistics reveal that in 1997 9989 teens became pregnant, resulting in 8575 live births, 1264 abortions, and 150 fetal deaths. Of the 8575 live births, 3660 babies were born to girls less than 17 years old, in which 3257 were out-of-wedlock, 478 were low-birth-weight babies, and 388 received inadequate prenatal care. Overall, the statistics presented are a cause for concern. It summons policy-makers to formulate policies to help shape, direct, and plan for families, communities and the state. Since reducing teen births is a critical public health goal for Mississippi, public understanding of this complicated social problem should be increased and a commitment for support of education efforts in order to reach this goal developed. Social and health services must also be provided to encourage changes in values and behavior among the youths so they can protect themselves against sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies.
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSISSIPPI | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | SEX EDUCATION | HEALTH SERVICES | SOCIAL WELFARE | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Factors | Diseases
Document Number: 153500

10.
Title: Second-trimester uterine evacuation: a comparison of intra-amniotic (15S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha and intravaginal misoprostol.
Author: Perry KG Jr; Rinehart BK; Terrone DA; Martin RW; May WL; Roberts WE
Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY.. 1999 Nov;181(5 Pt 1):1057-61.
Abstract: This study aims to compare the efficacy, safety, and frequency of adverse effects between intra-amniotically administered (15S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha (15-M-PGF2 alpha) and intravaginally administered misoprostol for second-trimester therapeutic pregnancy terminations. About 26 patients were randomly selected to receive a single 2.5 mg intra-amniotic injection of 15-M-PGF2 alpha and 25 patients to receive two 200 mcg intravaginal doses of misoprostol at a 12-hour interval. The primary outcome measured was the expulsion of fetus within 24 hours. After data collection and analysis, findings revealed that women in the 15-M-PGF2 alpha group had a more rapid uterine evacuation and a higher cumulative fetal expulsion rate at 24 hours. The proportion of women who had complete abortions was similar between the 2 groups, as were adverse effects and complications.
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSISSIPPI | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ABORTION | PROSTAGLANDINS | MISOPROSTOL | SAFETY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Prostaglandins, Synthetic | Public Health | Health
Document Number: 146193 Notification

11.
Title: AIDS knowledge, condom attitudes, and risk-taking sexual behavior of substance-abusing juvenile offenders on probation or parole.
Author: Robertson A; Levin ML
Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 1999 Oct;11(5):450-61.
Abstract: This study examines knowledge on AIDS, condom attitudes, and sexual behavior in a sample of 193 substance-abusing juvenile offenders on probation or parole in Mississippi. The participants were paid US$10 to complete self-administered questionnaires containing items regarding the adolescent's value, parental disciplinary practices, locus of control, condom attitudes, AIDS knowledge, sexual behavior frequency for the previous 6 months, where and from whom they obtained information about sex, perception of personal AIDS risks, and their self-efficacy in avoiding HIV infection. The majority of these youths reported being sexually active, and many admitted to early onset of sexual activity as well as unsafe sexual practices. The findings also support those of others, which reports that delinquents are likely to engage in behaviors, which place them at high-risk for HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Other important findings emerged regarding condom use by juvenile offenders: positive attitudes towards the use of condoms and condom use at first intercourse predict subsequent condom use. These findings are particularly relevant to the development of AIDS prevention programs with juvenile offenders having found no relationship between levels of awareness, knowledge, or concern about HIV/AIDS and risky sexual behavior. Further, juvenile offenders are unlikely to abstain from sexual activity, and once they are sexually active, consistent condom use will lower their chances of contracting HIV infection and STDs. It is therefore of paramount importance that interventions be designed and implemented in an attempt to reduce these odds.
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSISSIPPI | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | YOUTH | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | CONDOMS | SAFER SEX | RISK BEHAVIOR | SUBSTANCE ADDICTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Sex Behavior | Social Problems
Document Number: 145697

12.
Title: Sexual risk reduction and anger management interventions for incarcerated male adolescents: a randomized controlled trial of two interventions.
Author: St. Lawrence JS; Crosby RA; Belcher L; Yazdani N; Brasfield TL
Source: Journal of Sex Education and Therapy. 1999;24(1-2):9-17.
Abstract: The present study evaluated a behavioral STD/HIV risk reduction intervention and a violence prevention intervention for incarcerated adolescent male offenders. Participants were 428 male juvenile offenders entering a state reformatory and randomly assigned to either a 6-session anger management (AM) intervention or a 6-session sexual risk reduction skills-training (ST) intervention. Assessments prior to and immediately following the intervention included cognitive mediating measures such as AIDS knowledge, condom attitudes, self-efficacy, perceived risk, conflict tactics, anger management, and impulsivity. Behavioral skill in correct condom use also was evaluated at baseline and immediately following the interventions. Participants' sexual behavior, drug use, and recidivism in the youth correctional system was assessed at baseline and 6 months after release. Postintervention, ST participants evidenced significantly higher levels of AIDS knowledge and condom use self-efficacy, more positive attitudes about condoms, and significantly greater condom-use skill than AM participants. The violence prevention intervention produced no changes in attitudes or knowledge following the intervention. Significant decreases in sexual risk behaviors and drug use were present in both groups at the follow-up. Diffusion of the ST intervention through informal peer teaching is a possible explanation for the change that occurred in both groups. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSISSIPPI | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | MEASUREMENT | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | STATISTICAL STUDIES | PRISONERS | MEN | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | ANGER | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | INTERVENTIONS | YOUTH PROGRAMS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Emotions | Psychological Factors | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 174187

13.
Title: Pregnant adolescents in the emergency department: diagnosed and not diagnosed.
Author: Causey AL; Seago K; Wahl NG; Voelker CL
Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE. 1997 Mar;15(2):125-9.
Abstract: A retrospective study was performed at a tertiary care hospital in Mississippi to compare the emergency room (ER) presenting complaints during 1980-1994 of the 171 pregnant adolescents 16 years old and younger whose pregnancies were diagnosed with the 100 whose pregnancies were not diagnosed. Data were collected from the medical records of those diagnosed as pregnant and from the 2945 records available of the 4125 patients under 16 who delivered babies at the hospital during the same period. It was found that 100/2945 were seen in the ER while pregnant but the pregnancy was not diagnosed. It was found that 91% of the pregnancy diagnosed patients versus 22% of the missed diagnosis patients had complaints relating to the abdomen or genitourinary system. Less than 10% of the diagnosed patients indicated the possibility of pregnancy at the initial examination, and 10.5% denied being sexually active. No sexual or menstrual history was documented for 68% of the missed diagnosis patients, and 5% of each group had pelvic examinations. No significant differences were found for patient age or demographics, gestation at ER visit, or gestation at delivery. In 30 cases of missed diagnoses (all with gestation at 8 weeks or more), 23 presented with abdominal, genitourinary, or mammary complaints, and 7 presented with drug overdoses. In 22 patients, diagnosis was missed even though the pregnancy was at 22 weeks gestation or more. One extraordinary case involved a 14-year-old who was admitted for treatment of a gunshot to the head. Her pregnancy was not diagnosed until her second follow-up visit after a lengthy hospital stay (gestation was 30 weeks at ER presentation). Because many treatments are modified by pregnancy, it is recommended that pregnancy be assumed in all females of child-bearing age presenting to the ER with consideration given to degree of sexual maturity.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MISSISSIPPI | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | INCIDENCE | HOSPITALS | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Measurement | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 122650

14.
Title: The impact of Mississippi's mandatory delay law on abortions and births.
Author: Joyce T; Henshaw SK; Skatrud JD
Source: JAMA. 1997 Aug 27;278(8):653-8.
Abstract: In August 1992, the US state of Mississippi enacted a law requiring abortion seekers to wait 24 hours after in-person receipt of state-mandated information about abortion and birth complications, fetal development, and alternatives to abortion. To assess the effect of this law on abortion and birth rates, a retrospective analysis was conducted of vital records from 1989-94 in Mississippi and in 2 comparison states, Georgia and South Carolina, with no such mandatory waiting period. Total abortions to Mississippi residents (including those performed in Alabama and Tennessee) declined from 7801 (12.8/1000) 12 months prior to the law to 6591 (10.8/1000) 12 months after the law. The rate ratio (RR) for resident abortions declined 12% more in Mississippi than in South Carolina and 14% more than in Georgia in the year after the law went into effect. Abortion rates in the post-law period were 0.76 of their pre-law level among White adults, 0.78 among White teens, 0.91 among non-White adults, and 0.92 among non-White teens. The RRs of the percentage of abortions performed after 12 weeks' gestation increased 39% more (from 10.4% to 14.5%) in Mississippi than in either South Carolina or Georgia. Finally, the percentage of abortions performed out of state increased 42% more among Mississippi residents (from 18.6% to 25.4%) than among women in South Carolina. Birth rates declined during the study period in all 3 states, but the decline was 5% less in Mississippi than in the other 2 states. These findings indicate that the requirement for 2 visits to an abortion provider has the effects of decreasing the numbers of abortions performed and increasing the number of procedures performed at a later stage of pregnancy and out of state.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MISSISSIPPI | GEORGIA (UNITED STATES) | SOUTH CAROLINA | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | ABORTION LAW | LEGISLATION | ABORTION RATE | BIRTH RATE | CHANGES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Change
Document Number: 127099

15.
Title: Lawmakers use diverse strategies for targeting teen reproductive health.
Author: Kaeser L
Source: STATE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MONITOR. 1997 Jun;8(2):9-10.
Abstract: During 1997, legislators in several US states have taken action to restrict or enhance the access of adolescents to contraceptive information and services. In Texas, a budget bill rider that mandates parental consent before minors can be given prescription drugs faces a legal challenge while, in Maine, a similar bill died in committee. Mississippi's welfare reform bill includes three adolescent pregnancy prevention programs: one meets federal abstinence-only sex education guidelines; one mandates employment of school nurses in each school district to coordinate health services, including reproductive health services; and the third is a school-based pilot program that seeks to reduce the incidence of adolescent pregnancy and to provide reproductive health education. Colorado created a voluntary school-based health program. The only family planning (FP) restriction in this program is that no funds may be spent on abortion (except as may be required by federal law). In Florida, legislation amended existing authorization of state-supported school-based health services and specified that state funds were not to be used for FP, immunization, or prenatal care. Similarly prescriptive measures died in Louisiana and South Carolina.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TEXAS | MISSISSIPPI | COLORADO | FLORIDA | ADOLESCENTS | LEGISLATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | PARENTAL CONSENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 126060

16.
Title: Mississippi selected facts about teenage pregnancy.
Author: Thompson FE; Luckett MJ
Source: JOURNAL OF THE MISSISSIPPI STATE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 1997 Feb;38(2):45-50.
Abstract: This article describes trends in adolescent pregnancy in Mississippi during 1994 and compares the rates of teenage pregnancy by race among the 10 US states with the highest adolescent birth rates in 1992. In 1994, 22% (9265 births) of all births (41,938 births) were to adolescent mothers, of which 32% were second or subsequent births. 80% of adolescent mothers were unmarried, and about 44% were under 17 years of age. About 85% of adolescent pregnancies resulted in births. Mississippi leads the nation in the percentage of births to teenagers. Other states with high teenage birth rates were Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Georgia, California, Alabama, Nevada, and Tennessee. States that ranked high on Black teen births had only 15% or fewer Blacks in the state total population. In Mississippi, 36% of the population is Black, and it ranked 20th in birth rates among Black teens. The highest teen birth rate was in Wisconsin among Blacks and in Arizona among Whites. In Mississippi, the number of teen births declined from 11,089 in 1992 to 10,802 in 1994. Mississippi teen births, as a percentage of all births during 1974-94, mostly followed the national trends. Mississippi teen births have declined since 1987. The number of births to unmarried teens remained constant, but the proportion of unmarried teen births increased from 46.7% in 1974 to 79.7% in 1994. Births have tripled among unmarried White teens in the past 20 years and have only slightly increased among unmarried Black teens. In 1994, teen mothers were 74.0% more likely to experience an infant death than adult mothers. The infant mortality rate in 1994 was 16.7 deaths/1000 live births among mothers aged under 20 years. Low birth weight (LBW) among teen births followed the same pattern, but it was not as severe. The LBW rate for teens was 122.2/1000, compared to 91.9/1000 for adults.
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSISSIPPI | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | UNMARRIED MOTHERS | BIRTH RATE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Mothers | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Fertility Measurements
Document Number: 125465

17.
Title: Measures mandating information on abortion and breast cancer "link" pose new threat to reproductive health.
Source: REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM NEWS. 1996 Apr 5;5(7):4.
Abstract: Pushed by opponents of abortion, legislative bills are pending this year in at least nine US states which would require that women seeking abortions receive information about an increased risk of breast cancer. Rather than presenting credible scientific data, however, many of these measures are simply intended to scare women from having abortions by providing them with false information. Over the past three years, the National Cancer Institute, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the American Cancer Society have concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support a link between breast cancer and abortion. To date, only Mississippi and Montana have enacted statutes requiring women to be informed of a link between abortion and breast cancer. The 1995 Montana mandatory delay and biased counseling law has been enjoined by a state trial court.
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSISSIPPI | MONTANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ABORTION LAW | MISINFORMATION | ABORTION | BREAST CANCER | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Communication | Interest Groups | Political Factors | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases
Document Number: 112893 Notification

18.
Title: Fetal rights versus the female body: contested domains.
Author: Heriot MJ
Source: MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY QUARTERLY. 1996 Jun;10(2):176-94.
Abstract: This article examines the debates surrounding the personhood of the fetus in relationship to the mother as these issues were socially constructed in the Mississippi state legislature in 1990 and 1991. In examining the patriarchal assumptions that underlay the proposed Mississippi legislation, the article also addresses the legal ramifications of defining the fetus as a person whose rights are posited as equal to, or greater than, those of the pregnant woman. By relying on medical/scientific definitions of personhood, the groundwork for further refinement and monitoring of women and fetuses is being established, such that what it means to be human is increasingly defined in essentialist terms. In the final evaluation, focusing on conception as the moment in which an "unborn child" is created sets the stage for the ultimate essentialist metaphor: a eugenic definition of personhood. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSISSIPPI | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | THEORETICAL STUDIES | LEGISLATION | FETUS | PREGNANT WOMEN | PERSONHOOD | FERTILIZATION | BELIEFS | ATTITUDES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Human Rights | Culture | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 119630

19.
Title: Trauma in pregnancy: the role of interpersonal violence.
Author: Poole GV; Martin JN Jr; Perry KG Jr; Griswold JA; Lambert CJ; Rhodes RS
Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY.. 1996 Jun;174(6):1873-8.
Abstract: The role of interpersonal violence as intentional injury in the pregnant trauma victim was investigated. Data were obtained from the medical records. Results showed that during the 9-year study interval, 203 pregnant women were admitted after a traumatic event. About 64 women (31.5%) in the study population were victims of intentional injury, particularly one inflicted by a husband or boyfriend. The maternal Injury Severity Score (ISS) averaged 7.25 in women with fetal loss versus a mean maternal ISS of 1.74 (p < 0.001) in the 140 women having successful pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, 5 of the 8 women with a fetal death had no evidence of physical injury and an ISS = 0. Thus, interpersonal violence appears to be a marker for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. In addition, physical findings could give clues to the role of interpersonal violence in trauma during pregnancy.
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSISSIPPI | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREGNANCY | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | WOMEN | VIOLENCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems
Document Number: 144557

20.
Title: Predictors of African American adolescents' condom use and HIV risk behavior.
Author: Reitman D; St. Lawrence JS; Jefferson KW; Alleyne E; Brasfield TL; Shirley A
Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 1996 Dec;8(6):499-515.
Abstract: To facilitate identification of factors that place low-income African American adolescents at increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), interviews were conducted with 312 youth 12-19 years of age attending a Public Health Service-funded clinic in Mississippi. The analysis was restricted to the 114 sexually active youth in this sample. The full variable set included age, gender, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge, condom attitude, perceived risk of AIDS, self-efficacy, social provision, church attendance, AIDS Risk Index, and Condom Use Index. Correlations between these variables were small to moderate (0.0 to -0.48). Separate regression analyses revealed significant relationships between the full variable set and the AIDS Risk Index (p < 0.0001) and the Condom Use Index (p < 0.02). Half of the teens reported unprotected intercourse in the preceding 2 months, yet most perceived themselves at low risk for AIDS. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed that variables most predictive of unprotected sex with multiple partners differed from those associated with condom use. Males who reported lower self-efficacy in avoiding AIDS and perceived themselves at greater risk were most likely to engage in high-risk behaviors. Consistent condom users were younger than intermittent and non-users and had more positive attitudes about condoms and higher AIDS knowledge scores. Interventions aimed at Black teens may need to expand beyond condom promotion to include broader media and community-based educational programs.
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSISSIPPI | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CORRELATION STUDIES | BLACKS | ADOLESCENTS | LOW INCOME POPULATION | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | CONDOMS | RISK BEHAVIOR | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Statistical Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning
Document Number: 120763

21.
Title: Efforts underway to impose harsh regulations on abortion providers.
Author: Sollom T
Source: STATE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MONITOR. 1996 Sep;7(3):1-2.
Abstract: Legislators or regulators in Mississippi, South Carolina, and Missouri have imposed burdensome and unnecessary clinic requirements on abortion providers. In each case, the legislators or regulators designed the requirements to make abortions more difficult to obtain. Mississippi, a state with only two licensed abortion clinics, already had restrictive abortion laws. In August 1996, it implemented stringent regulations on private physicians who provide abortion services in their offices. Some requirements include purchasing specific equipment, widening hallways, and hiring more staff. Several physicians have filed a lawsuit to stop enforcement of the regulations because they make the provision of abortion services so cumbersome and expensive as to discourage physicians from offering abortions. Antiabortion groups testified before the legislature that the Department of Health had been negligent in monitoring private practices for compliance with Mississippi's many abortion laws, particularly counseling requirements. The Republican governor signed the legislation in March 1996. In July 1996, a federal judge prohibited the South Carolina Department of Health from enforcing a new regulation making physicians who perform as few as five abortions a month to meet strict specifications for their office (e.g., disclosure of patient records and medical agreements). The regulation was a response to a 1995 law targeting private physicians who perform abortions in their offices. The judge held that the substantial changes in terms of privacy and expense could bring an undue burden on women seeking abortions. The state denied that the regulation would close clinics or would increase costs so much as to make abortions inaccessible. In September 1996, the House did not override the Democratic governor's veto of a bill that would have required all facilities where abortions are done to be licensed and undergo annual inspections and that would have required all physicians to have $500,000 in medical malpractice insurance and to have ob/gyn privileges at a Missouri hospital.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MISSISSIPPI | SOUTH CAROLINA | MISSOURI | CRITIQUE | ABORTION LAW | PHYSICIANS | PRIVATE SECTOR | ABORTION | CLINICS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Health Facilities | Interest Groups | Political Factors
Document Number: 117775 Notification

22.
Title: Reduction of pain and nausea after laparoscopic sterilization with bupivacaine, metoclopramide, scopolamine, ketorolac, and gastric suctioning.
Author: Bradford TH; Robertson K; Norman PF; Meeks GR
Source: OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY. 1995 May;85(5 Pt 1):687-91.
Abstract: The objective was to determine whether postoperative pain and nausea after laparoscopic sterilization could be reduced with a combination of bupivacaine, metoclopramide, scopolamine, ketorolac, and gastric suctioning. Women at least 21 years old undergoing outpatient laparoscopic sterilization at the University Center in Jackson, Mississippi, between July 1993 and April 1994, were randomized to protocol management or nontreatment groups. Each patient received standard general endotracheal anesthesia. Protocol subjects received intramuscular ketorolac 60 mg and scopolamine 0.25 mg, intravenous metoclopramide 10 mg, and gastric suctioning; bupivacaine (2.5 mg/mL) with epinephrine (5 mcg/mL) was injected at trocar sites and dripped onto the fallopian tubes. The nontreatment group served as controls. Visual analogue scales were used to evaluate pain and nausea (measured in millimeters). Demographic characteristics, postoperative requirements for analgesics and antiemetics, time to discharge, and unscheduled admission were also evaluated. During a 7-month period, 71 women were enrolled. Protocol subjects (N = 35) reported pain severity of 27.9 +or- 19.1 mm (mean + standard deviation), whereas controls (N = 36) reported 59.3 +or- 23.3 mm (p < 0.001). 14 protocol patients requested additional pain medication, compared with 29 controls (p < 0.001). Protocol patients indicated a nausea severity of 9.9 +or- 18.7 mm, whereas the controls reported 38.8 +or- 35.5 mm (p < 0.001). Only 1 protocol patient required nausea medication, compared with 9 controls (p < 0.02). To evaluate the association of pain and nausea Spearman correlation was performed. Severity of pain correlated with severity of nausea (r = 0.38166, p < 0.001). Protocol patients were discharged from the outpatient surgery unit in 148.6 +or- 45.0 minutes, compared with 176.4 +or- 58.5 minutes for controls (p < 0.03). This regimen reduced the severity of pain and nausea after outpatient laparoscopic sterilization. The need for additional analgesics and antiemetics was also reduced. Protocol patients were discharged earlier than controls. These benefits seem to accrue without significant risk. This regimen may also be useful in other ambulatory laparoscopic procedures.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MISSISSIPPI | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | LAPAROSCOPY | FEMALE STERILIZATION | ANALGESIA | PAIN | NAUSEA | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Treatment | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases
Document Number: 107665

23.
Title: Factors influencing condom use among African-American women: implications for risk reduction interventions.
Author: Eldridge GD; St. Lawrence JS; Reitman D; Little CE; Shelby MC; Brasfield TL
Source: [Unpublished] 1995. Presented at the 123rd Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association [APHA], San Diego, California, October 29 - November 2, 1995. [2] p.
Abstract: AIDS and HIV infection disproportionately affect minority women in the US. 279 sexually active African-American women were recruited from community health clinics and community-based settings in Jackson for a study of the factors which influence their condom use. Participants were of mean age 30.7 years with 13.8 mean years of education. More than 50% reported an annual family income of less than $10,000. 58% were in an exclusive sexual relationship, 19% were in a fluid relationship, and 20% were not in a relationship. 34.5% of the women never used condoms during vaginal intercourse during the preceding year, 45.1% were inconsistent users, and 20.4% always used condoms during vaginal intercourse. Consistent users were younger and had fewer children than inconsistent users, who were younger and had fewer children than nonusers. Consistent condom users had relatively fewer sex partners during the preceding year, were concerned about preventing AIDS, intended to use condoms in the future, explained their sexual limits to their partners more frequently, reported higher levels of partner support for condom use, and were more likely to discuss condoms with their friends and to believe that their friends used condoms. Although 40% reported condom use at most recent sexual intercourse, condom use was not related to knowledge about AIDS or to perceived personal risk for HIV infection. While the women overall perceived themselves to be at low risk for HIV infection, they had been exposed to significant sex behavior-related risks.
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSISSIPPI | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RISK BEHAVIOR | SAFER SEX | CONDOMS | BLACKS | WOMEN | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Behavior | Sex Behavior | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 113580

24.
Title: An evaluation of breast-feeding promotion through peer counseling in Mississippi WIC clinics.
Author: Grummer-Strawn LM; Rice SP; Dugas K; Clark LD; Benton-Davis S
Source: [Unpublished] 1995. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, San Francisco, California, April 4-6, 1995. 22, [2] p.
Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer counseling program at increasing breast-feeding by participants in the Mississippi Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Data from the 1989-1993 Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System were analyzed to compare breast-feeding rates in clinics with and without peer counseling programs. A questionnaire completed by program staff to describe the program in greater detail helped identify characteristics associated with greater success. The incidence of breast-feeding rose from 12.3% to 19.9% in those clinics with peer counseling programs but only from 9.2% to 10.7% in clinics without a program. Clinics that started peer counseling earlier showed greater changes in breast-feeding incidence. Increased time per client and a lower caseload per staff member were significantly associated with greater increases in breast-feeding incidence. Peer counseling significantly increased the incidence of breast-feeding. The program ought to be replicated in other Mississippi counties and other states. Staff time with participants should be maximized, with particular attention to fitting breast-feeding into a woman's lifestyle. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MISSISSIPPI | EVALUATION REPORT | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | BREASTFEEDING | PROMOTION | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | PEER GROUPS | COUNSELING | NUTRITION PROGRAMS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Marketing | Economic Factors | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Clinic Activities | Program Activities
Document Number: 105425

25.
Title: The impact of requirements for parental consent on minors' abortions in Mississippi.
Author: Henshaw SK
Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 1995 May-Jun;27(3):120-2.
Abstract: Mississippi data for 1993 indicate that the state's new parental consent requirement had little effect on the abortion rate among minors. Although the law was passed in 1986, its constitutionality was challenged in federal court, and enforcement was delayed until June 16, 1993. No other abortion restrictions took effect during 1993, so a relatively clear comparison can be made of the situation before and after the law took effect. The impact of the law was assessed by comparing abortion data for January through May 1993 with data for July through December 1993. The ratio of the number of abortions obtained by minors (younger than age 18) to the number obtained by women 18 or older was calculated. For the period January-May 1993, minors' abortions amounted to 0.1163 of the abortions obtained by older women, while during July-December 1993, that proportion was 0.1188 (p < 0.010). During the first 5 months of 1993 the number of abortions performed in Mississippi for minors equalled 0.126 of the number obtained by older women. In July through December, after the parental consent law took effect, the ratio was 0.106, 16% lower than the earlier ratio of 0.126. In a comparison of Mississippi residents who had abortions (n = 4484) during the 5 months before and the 6 months after the law went into effect, the ratio of minors to adults who sought abortions in the state declined by 13%, from 0.127 to 0.111. This decrease was offset by a 32% increase in the ratio of minors to adults (n = 1462) who obtained abortions out of state, from 0.120 to 0.158. There was also a 28% drop in the ratio of minors to adults from other states who had abortions in Mississippi (n = 1066) from 0.120 to 0.087. The results suggest that minors, on average, were delayed by about 3 days. This delay is marginally statistically significant (p = 0.10). The parental consent requirement raised by 19% the ratio of minors to adults who obtained their procedure after 12 weeks of gestation.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MISSISSIPPI | CORRELATION STUDIES | ABORTION LAW | PARENTAL CONSENT | MINORS | ABORTION RATE | TIME FACTORS | CHANGES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Statistical Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Social Change
Document Number: 105782

26.
Title: Comparison of education versus behavioral skills training interventions in lowering sexual HIV-risk behavior of substance-dependent adolescents.
Author: St. Lawrence JS; Jefferson KW; Alleyne E; Brasfield TL
Source: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1995;63(1):154-157.
Abstract: Substance-dependent adolescents (N = 34) in a residential drug treatment facility received either a 6-session behavior skills training HIV-risk reduction intervention or standard HIV education. After the intervention, adolescents who received behavior skills training exhibited increased knowledge about HIV-AIDS, more favorable attitudes toward prevention and condom use, more internal locus of control, increased self-efficacy, increased recognition of HIV risk and decreases in high-risk sexual activity. Self-report data were corroborated by records for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. The results from this pilot demonstration effort suggest that skills training based on cognitive-behavioral principles may be effective in lowering high-risk adolescents' vulnerability to HIV infection and warrant evaluation in a controlled comparison with a larger sample. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSISSIPPI | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS | PRISONERS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | SEX EDUCATION | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | HIV PREVENTION | TRAINING PROGRAMS | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Education | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Interpersonal Relations
Document Number: 296948

27.
Title: Nation's most onerous abortion restrictions challenged in Mississippi court.
Source: REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM NEWS. 1994 Feb 25;3(4):4.
Abstract: A lawsuit was filed in Mississippi on February 17, 1994, which challenges several aspects of Mississippi's abortion law. The case, Pro-choice Mississippi vs. Fordice, will seek to determine if the state's 24-hour delay and mandated information for abortion-seekers, 2-parent consent or court approval for young women, and licensing requirements for abortion providers violate the state Constitution both as written and as applied. At issue here are rights of privacy, bodily integrity, freedom of conscience, and the right to make a medical decision free from government interference. The 24-hour delay went into effect in August 1992. The parental consent was enacted in 1986 and went into effect in May 1993 because of another lawsuit, and the licensing requirements have been effective since their passage in November 1991 and have prevented qualified abortion providers from practicing in the State. The effect of these measures has been to reduce the number of abortions performed, especially for women with less than a high school education and to increase by an estimated 18% the number of second trimester abortions performed.
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSISSIPPI | LITIGATION | ABORTION LAW | PARENTAL CONSENT | COUNSELING | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 093904

28.
Title: The effects of mandatory delay laws on abortion patients and providers.
Author: Althaus FA; Henshaw SK
Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 1994 Sep-Oct;26(5):228-31, 233.
Abstract: As of August 1994, legislation had been passed and signed into law in fifteen states requiring women to delay abortion for a certain number of hours or days after receiving state-mandated information and being offered information on fetal development and lists of agencies which provide prenatal care or other services for women who decide to carry their pregnancies to term. In states in which mandatory delays are being enforced, the required waiting period is generally 24 hours, except for Kansas which requires an eight-hour delay. The authors examine how these laws have affected providers and women seeking abortions in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Mississippi. Enforcement of the laws did not begin in the two former states until March 1994, but enforcement in the latter state extends back to August 1992. Even after only four months in Ohio and Pennsylvania, it is clear that the restrictions have lengthened the time needed to obtain an abortion, especially for women who do not live near a provider and those who must make more than one trip. The lack of abortion providers in many of these states' counties makes mandatory delays in obtaining services a real obstacle for some women. Women who must make two visits may incur substantial expenses for transportation, accommodations, or child care, as well as time lost from work, school, or other responsibilities. It is estimated that the 24-hour delay in Mississippi during the last part of 1992 and 1993 prevented approximately 11-13% of the women who would have had abortions from doing so. Their failure to follow through with abortions, however, does not appear to be due to the receipt of mandated information. Moreover, the legislation is causing women to have their abortions later in the course of pregnancy and have increased clinic operating costs which may be passed onto clients. The authors also explain that the lack of disproportionate effects upon minors, nonwhite women, and women who live long distances from a provider may be due to these women's need to overcome substantial barriers to obtain abortion services even before the law went into effect.
Language: English
Keywords:
OHIO | PENNSYLVANIA | MISSISSIPPI | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION | HEALTH PERSONNEL | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 099655 Notification

29.
Title: Laparoscopic Pomeroy tubal ligation as a teaching model for residents.
Author: Fox MD; Long CA; Meeks GR; Jutras ML; Cowan BD
Source: JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE. 1994 Nov;39(11):862-4.
Abstract: 25 gynecology residents performed laparoscopic banding (tubal rings) sterilization on 206 women and laparoscopic Pomeroy sterilization on 35 women, all of whom underwent tubal sterilization at the University of Mississippi Medical Center between September 1988 and October 1990. Three faculty members and a fourth year resident retrospectively analyzed the data of both groups to determine the effect of the Pomeroy method on operative laparoscopic skills acquired by the residents during training. Both groups were similar in age, parity, and weight. Each of the 23 residents performed 1-22 laparoscopic banding procedures. As residents gained experience, the time to perform both banding and Pomeroy methods decreased significantly (p = 0.026). After a resident had conducted 5 Pomeroy procedures, the surgery time had approached that of laparoscopic banding. These findings show that gynecology faculty can use laparoscopic Pomeroy tubal ligation as an effective teaching tool for laparoscopy by providing residents an opportunity to repeatedly perform an easy and safe procedure that includes basic techniques. After developing the basic skills, the residents can then learn more efficiently advanced operative endoscopic techniques.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MISSISSIPPI | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | LAPAROSCOPY | POMEROY METHOD | TUBAL RINGS | ACADEMIC TRAINING | GYNECOLOGY | MEDICAL STUDENTS | TIME FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Tubal Ligation | Female Sterilization | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Tubal Occlusion | Training Programs | Education | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Students | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 102845

30.
Title: Court lets stand parental consent law on abortion.
Author: Biskupic J
Source: WASHINGTON POST. 1993 Nov 16;:A13.
Abstract: It was legislated in Mississippi in July 1993, that pregnant, unmarried women under 18 years of age must secure the consent of both parents in order to have an abortion. This decision in Barnes v. Mississippi was upheld by the 5th US Circuit Court of Appeals and the US Supreme Court. This Mississippi law is similar to parental consent statutes in Massachusetts and North Dakota. In the event that the pregnant woman's parents are divorced, unmarried, living apart, or if 1 parent is not available in a reasonable period of time, 1 parent may permit the woman to abort the fetus. Should the woman choose to submit herself to questioning before the court, the attending judge may allow her to have an abortion without parental consent if he or she finds the woman sufficiently mature or if he or she decides that it is not in the woman's best interest to tell her parents of the pregnancy. This lone, latter possibility to have an abortion without parental consent is known as a judicial bypass provision and is dependent upon the judge's whim. Judges lack consistent and reliable criteria for assessing individuals' abilities to make mature decisions, and it is certainly intimidating and traumatic for a woman to explain to a court why she should be allowed to exercise her right to choose to have an abortion. Helen B. Barnes is the physician who led the challenge against this legislation. Her more than 30 years of medical experience in the Jackson, Mississippi, area have shown her that young women with unwanted pregnancies often come from homes in which the father is working far away. He may or may not be interested in his daughter's sexual/childbearing well-being. The Supreme Court nonetheless upheld the Appeals Court ruling despite these realities and despite its ruling in a 1992 Pennsylvania case that states cannot place undue burden upon women's right to abortion. This latest action by the Supreme Court is in keeping with its recent stance on the ability of parents and states to determine and restrict women's right to abortion.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MISSISSIPPI | NORTH DAKOTA | MASSACHUSETTS | LEGISLATION | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION | HUMAN RIGHTS | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | WOMEN | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 091515 Notification


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