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Title: Expert Group Meeting to Assess the Progress in the Implementation of the Plan of Action on Population and Poverty Adopted at the Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference, 3-5 February 2009, Bangkok. Report.
Author: United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP]; United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]
Source: Bangkok, Thailand, ESCAP, 2009. 38 p.
Abstract: The Expert Group Meeting to Assess the Progress in the implementation of the Plan of Action on Population and Poverty adopted at the Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference was held at the United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok from 3 to 5 February 2009. The Expert Group Meeting was organized by the Social Policy and Population Section, Social Development Division, ESCAP in collaboration with the UNFPA Asia and the Pacific Regional Office. The meeting benefited from background papers and country reports prepared by resource persons and representatives of governments.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | OCEANIA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | ESCAP | POPULATION | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | POVERTY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | GENDER ISSUES | MIGRATION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | IMPLEMENTATION | Developing Countries | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Health | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331854

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Peer Reviewed

Title: HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among individuals aged 13-34 years in rural western Kenya.
Author: Amornkul PN; Vandenhoudt H; Nasokho P; Odhiambo F; Mwaengo D
Source: Plos One. 2009 Jul;4(7):e6470.
Abstract: From a demographic surveillance system, the authors selected a random sample of Asembo, Kenya residents ages 13�34 years, who were contacted at home and invited to a nearby mobile study site. From October 2003 to April 2004, consenting participants were interviewed on risk behavior and tested for HIV and HSV-2. HIV voluntary counseling and testing was offered. Of 2,606 eligible residents, 1,822 (70%) enrolled. Primary reasons for refusal included not wanting blood taken, not wanting to learn HIV status, and partner or parental objection. Females comprised 53% of 1,762 participants providing blood. Adjusted HIV prevalence was 15.4% overall: 20.5% among females and 10.2% among males. HIV prevalence was highest in women ages 25-29 years (36.5%) and men ages 30-34 years (41.1%). HSV-2 prevalence was 40.0% overall: 53% among females, 25.8% among males. In multivariate models stratified by gender and marital status, HIV infection was strongly associated with age, higher number of sex partners, widowhood, and HSV-2 seropositivity.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | RURAL AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | HIV INFECTIONS | HERPES GENITALIS | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | SEX FACTORS | MIGRATION | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Measurement | Health | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Dynamics | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care
Document Number: 339909

Peer Reviewed

Title: Pregnancy outcome of migrant women and integration policy: a systematic review of the international literature.
Author: Bollini P; Pampallona S; Wanner P; Kupelnick B
Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 Feb;68(3):452-61.
Abstract: Immigrant mothers in developed countries often experience worse pregnancy outcomes than native women. Several epidemiological studies have described the pregnancy outcome of immigrant women in European receiving countries, with conflicting results. The present systematic review makes a quantitative synthesis of available evidence on the association between pregnancy outcomes and integration policies. We reviewed all epidemiological studies comparing the pregnancy outcome of native versus immigrant women in European countries from 1966 to 2004 and retained 65 for analysis, from 12 host countries. Overall, as compared to native women, immigrant women showed a clear disadvantage for all the outcomes considered: 43% higher risk of low birth weight, 24% of pre-term delivery, 50% of perinatal mortality, and 61% of congenital malformations. The risks were clearly and significantly reduced in countries with a strong integration policy. This trend was maintained even after adjustment for age at delivery and parity. On the basis of an analysis of naturalisation rates, five countries in our sample could be categorised as having a strong policies promoting the integration of immigrant communities. The mechanisms through which integration policies may be protective include the increased participation of immigrant communities in the life of the receiving society, and the decreased stress and discrimination they may face. The results of this study highlight a serious problem of equity in perinatal health across European countries. Immigrant women clearly need targeted attention to improve the health of their newborn, but a deep societal change is also necessary to integrate and respect immigrant communities in receiving societies.
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | PREGNANT WOMEN | FETUS | PREGNANCY | MIGRATION | ANTENATAL CARE | HEALTH POLICY | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | Developed Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Population Dynamics | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 331051

Peer Reviewed

Title: Migrant visions of development: a gendered approach.
Author: Dannecker P
Source: Population, Space and Place. 2009;15:119-132.
Abstract: In this article the current debate on migration and development is critically discussed. It will be shown that development as a multidimensional process is hardly ever conceptualised. The diversity of migration flows and patterns and the gendered structure of these processes are leading to different development visions which are hardly ever addressed or related to development. The analysis of the development visions of temporary male and female labour migrants from Bangladesh will reveal that migration experiences and the new connections and networks give rise to new identifications and development visions. The negotiations of these visions locally may initiate cultural, social and political transformations in the countries of origin, which do not necessarily correspond with the development visions articulated by other national and international actors involved.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA, SOUTHERN | BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | MIGRATION | LABOR MIGRATION | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | GENDER ISSUES | ISLAM | RELIGION | Asia | Developing Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 328760

Title: HIV / AIDs in Namibia: Behavioral and contextual factors driving the epidemic.
Author: de la Torre C; Khan S; Eckert E; Luna J; Koppenhaver T
Source: [Windhoek], Namibia, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, MEASURE Evaluation, 2009 May. [98] p. (SR-09-53USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03-00003-00)
Abstract: This report identifies and describes what current evidence indicates are the main behavioral and contextual factors that are driving the HIV epidemic in Namibia. The report is intended to assist in the development of a national prevention strategy for combating the HIV / AIDS epidemic. Data from several sources are triangulated to assess which factors are most likely to contribute to the spread of HIV across the population. In the absence of a national seroprevalence survey, the following were examined to identify the main drivers of the Namibian HIV epidemic: 1. The prevalence, distribution, and trends over time of proximate determinants of HIV infection within Namibia (obtained from an analysis of the Namibia Demographic and Health Surveys [NDHS] and other local surveys); 2. Socio-demographic factors associated with HIV infection among clients who were tested for HIV in select New Start voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) facilities throughout Namibia (obtained from analysis of these data); 3. The findings and conclusions of other researchers who have investigated various aspects of HIV / AIDS vulnerability in Namibia; 4. Factors most associated with HIV infection in neighboring countries, and in other generalized epidemics for which representative HIV prevalence surveys exist. A number of factors are likely contributing to the high levels of HIV in Namibia. As described in this report, these various factors are often inter-related and operate in unison to create one of the worst HIV epidemics in the world. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
NAMIBIA | TECHNICAL REPORT | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | EPIDEMICS | PREVALENCE | EPIDEMIOLOGY | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | SEX BEHAVIOR | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | MALE CIRCUMCISION | PERCEPTION | CONDOM USE | MIGRATION | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Public Health | Health | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 331841

Title: Gender and migration: West Indians in comparative perspective.
Author: Foner N
Source: International Migration. 2009 Jun;47(1):3-29.
Abstract: This article explores gender issues in West Indian migration by taking a comparative -cross-national -perspective. The focus is on the three major West Indian migration movements of the mid- and late-twentieth and early twenty-first centuries -to the United States, Britain, and Canada. A comparative approach has a number of benefits for the study of West Indian migration. It not only points to similarities and contrasts in gender-related patterns among West Indian migrants in the United States, Britain, and Canada but also forces us to try to account for them. It brings out, in an especially dramatic way, the role of the context of reception and the receiving country's immigration policies in shaping male-female differences in West Indian migration flows as well as immigrant adaptation. The comparative analysis of the three migrations in this article explores the reasons for and patterns of West Indian migration as they relate to gender, including the practice of leaving children behind in the Caribbean, as well as aspects of the labour market incorporation of West Indian men and women when they have arrived and settled in the migrant destination. More specifically, the comparisons raise some intriguing questions. Why, for example, did West Indian women comprise a greater proportion of the migrations to the United States and Canada than to Britain? Why were West Indian women more likely to work in caregiving jobs in private homes in the United States and Canada than in Britain? And have the dynamics of transnational motherhood differed in the North American and British contexts?
Language: English
Keywords:
CARIBBEAN | CANADA | UNITED KINGDOM | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | DOMESTIC WORKERS | MIGRATION | GENDER ISSUES | MIGRATION POLICY | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | Developing Countries | Americas | Developed Countries | North America, Northern | Europe, Western | Europe | North America | Studies | Research Methodology | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Family Characteristics | Family and Household
Document Number: 341298

Title: Individual versus household migration decision rules: gender and marital status differences in intentions to migrate in South Africa.
Author: Gubhaju B; De Jong GF
Source: International Migration. 2009 Jun;47(1):31-61.
Abstract: This research tests the thesis that the neoclassical microeconomic and the new household economic theoretical assumptions on migration decision-making rules are segmented by gender, marital status, and time frame of intention to migrate. Comparative tests of both theories within the same study design are relatively rare. Utilizing data from the Causes of Migration in South Africa national migration survey, we analyse how individually held "own-future" versus alternative "household well-being" migration decision rules effect the intentions to migrate of male and female adults in South Africa. Results from the gender and marital status specific logistic regressions models show consistent support for the different gender-marital status decision rule thesis. Specifically, the "maximizing one's own future" neoclassical microeconomic theory proposition is more applicable for never married men and women, the "maximizing household income" proposition for married men with short-term migration intentions, and the "reduce household risk" proposition for longer time horizon migration intentions of married men and women. Results provide new evidence on the way household strategies and individual goals jointly affect intentions to move or stay.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | THEORETICAL STUDIES | SURVEYS | EVER MARRIED | NEVER MARRIED | MIGRATION | MOTIVATION | GENDER ISSUES | MARITAL STATUS | DECISION MAKING | ECONOMIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 341299

10.

Title: Fulbright Scholar opportunities for global health and women's health care in HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.
Author: Nicholas PK; Adejumo O; Nokes KM; Ncama BP; Bhengu BR; Elston E; Nicholas TP
Source: Applied Nursing Research. 2009 Feb;22(1):73-7.
Abstract: This article addresses global health opportunities related to HIV/AIDS and women's health care in sub-Saharan Africa through Fulbright Scholar and Fulbright Student Awards. Although many universities offer a gateway to the J. William Fulbright awards, some disciplines and areas of specialization, including nursing and women's health, have had fewer scholars or students as recipients of these awards. Resource-limited countries, including the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, offer rich opportunities for cross-cultural exchange and advancement of global health. Amidst the context of the shortage of health care workers, the increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS and other infectious and chronic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, and the challenges of public health, this article addresses an example of partnerships in global nursing that can be developed through the Fulbright programs.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | STUDENTS | NURSES AND NURSING | EDUCATION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | WOMEN'S HEALTH | MIGRATION | BRAIN DRAIN | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Population Dynamics | International Migration
Document Number: 330544

11.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Temporary migration and changing family dynamics: implications for social development.
Author: Rahman M
Source: Population, Space and Place. 2009;15(2):161-174.
Abstract: Drawing upon longitudinal data, this research documents the relationship between migration and development by highlighting the conditions which promote changes in social and familial relations, social positioning, and intergenerational relationships within the families who experience temporary outmigration and the return of at least one male member. The fieldwork data (based on two surveys) derive from research conducted on Bangladeshi temporary migrants in Singapore and in an 'origin' village in Bangladesh in 2001 and 2006. The study reports that male labour migration has contributed to social changes in their own families and villages over time that are most likely to stimulate, in turn, macro-changes in Bangladeshi society in the long run.
Language: English
Keywords:
SINGAPORE | BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | LABOR FORCE | MIGRATION | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | FAMILY LIFE | SOCIAL MOBILITY | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Studies | Research Methodology | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Family Characteristics
Document Number: 328737

12.
Title: Towards an EU-wide regularisation scheme.
Author: Strang A
Source: Forced Migration Review. 2009 Apr;(32):63-64.
Abstract: The RU immigration framework is presently based on the idea that there are two types of irregular migrants: persecuted refugees (legal) and economic immigrants (illegal). This presumption informs a policy that aggravates stigmatisation and criminalisation of refugees and migrants alike. In reality, both 'types' of migrants usually originate from countries characterised by chronic poverty, violent conflict, political instability and socio-economic deprivation which generate both refugee-producing conditions as well as other modes of (de facto) forced migration to places of greater political and economic stability. The author presents an argument for regularization and suggests policy improvements to adminster labour migration.
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | REFUGEES | MIGRATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | MIGRATION POLICY | INEQUALITIES | Developed Countries | Migrants | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 340192

13.

Title: Youth unemployment and underemployment in Africa brings uncertainty and opportunity.
Author: Zuehlke E
Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2009 Feb. [2] p.
Abstract: The World Bank's Youth and Unemployment in Africa: The Potential, The Problem, The Promise report, released in December 2008, investigates the nature of Africa's youth demographics and recommends policies to give its youth access to stable employment. It argues that creating viable jobs for young people is a recondition for Africa's poverty eradication, sustainable development, and peace; and in countries emerging from conflict, access to employment for youth is integral to peace-building processes. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | UNEMPLOYMENT | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | MIGRATION | Developing Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Population | Employment | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 331481

14.

Title: 2006 Bangladesh Urban Health Survey (UHS). Volume I.
Author: Bangladesh. National Institute of Population Research and Training [NIPORT]; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Carolina Population Center. MEASURE Evaluation; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh [ICDDR,B]; Associates for Community and Population Research [ACPR]
Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, MEASURE Evaluation, 2008 Dec. [310] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-A-00-03-00003-00TR-08-68a)
Abstract: Nearly all of the global population growth in the next three decades will occur in urban areas, primarily as a massive migration occurs from the rural areas of middle and lower-income societies to their cities. Many, if not most of these migrants, who are generally possessed of low human and financial capital on arrival in the city, will settle in slums, the areas of concentrated poverty and environmental vulnerability that are already a dominant feature of much of the urban landscape of the developing world. Bangladesh will be no exception to these trends. The growth in her urban population is set to outstrip by a wide margin that in rural areas. Moreover, the urban growth already experienced in recent decades demonstrates that slums will likely be an increasingly important feature of urban existence in Bangladesh. Anticipating these developments, USAID and the Government of Bangladesh tasked a research team based in Bangladesh and the United States (at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) with conducting a survey designed to obtain a broad health profile of the urban population of Bangladesh. The ultimate fruit of this effort was the 2006 Urban Health Survey (2006 UHS), a rich, microlevel health-interview survey of communities, households, and individuals throughout the City Corporations and a sample of District Municipalities. The principal objectives of the 2006 UHS were: 1) To obtain a profile of health problems and health-care seeking behavior in urban areas of Bangladesh; 2) To identify vulnerable groups and examine their health profile and health-care seeking behavior; and 3) To examine the individual, household, and neighborhood-level factors associated with health outcomes and health behaviors in urban areas.
Language: English
Keywords:
BANGLADESH | SUMMARY REPORT | HEALTH SURVEYS | QUESTIONNAIRES | HOUSEHOLDS | FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS | CHILD LABOR | SANITATION | WATER QUALITY | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | HEALTH | EMPLOYMENT | MIGRATION | QUALITY OF LIFE | DISEASES | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | FERTILITY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | INFANT NUTRITION | MENTAL HEALTH | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Public Health | Water | Natural Resources | Environment | Socioeconomic Status | Macroeconomic Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Welfare | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Nutrition
Document Number: 329544

15.

Title: Socio-demographic analysis of youth in the Caribbean: a three country case study.
Author: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean [ECLAC]
Source: Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean [ECLAC], 2008 Nov. 20 p.
Abstract: The study provides an analysis of 2000 census data from Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada, and Saint Lucia, with a focus on children, youth, and young families. Special attention is given to the description of their living arrangements and household composition, religion, health, well-being, migration, education and profession, economic activities, civil status, and reproductive patterns.
Language: English
Keywords:
CARIBBEAN | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | YOUTH | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | MIGRATION | HEALTH | EDUCATION | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | YOUTH PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population Dynamics | Marriage | Nuptiality | Fertility | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 339991

16.

17.

Title: Our broken dreams: child migration in Southern Africa.
Author: Save the Children UK; Save the Children Norway
Source: Harare, Zimbabwe, Weaver Press, 2008. 134 p.
Abstract: In this book, children tell their own stories of the dangers they faced crossing borders alone in Mozambique and across southern Africa. Children were interviewed in Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Swaziland, where in some cases the numbers of unaccompanied child migrants has reached alarming levels.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | AFRICA, SOUTHERN | SUMMARY REPORT | INTERVIEWS | CHILDREN | MIGRATION | CHILD LABOR | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors
Document Number: 330186

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Eager to leave? Intentions to migrate abroad among young people in Kyrgyzstan.
Author: Agadjanian V; Nedoluzhko L; Kumskov G
Source: International Migration Review. 2008 Autumn;42(3):620-651.
Abstract: This study examines young people's intentions to migrate abroad in Kyrgyzstan, focusing in particular on differences between Asian and European-origin ethnic groups. The multivariate analyses of recent survey data show that even after controlling for socioeconomic characteristics and social embeddedness Europeans are significantly more inclined to migrate than Asians. Whereas no gender differences in migration intentions among either group are detected, marriage, childbearing, and social capital exhibit distinct ethnic-specific effects. Although economic considerations are prevailing stimuli for migration in both groups, the results point to the formation of two dominant ethnic-specific migration preference types -for temporary migration among Asians and permanent migration among Europeans. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
KYRGYZSTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | MIGRANTS | MIGRATION | ETHNIC GROUPS | ASIANS | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | MARRIAGE | Asia, Central | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Nuptiality
Document Number: 328163

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Migration, fertility, and aging in stable populations.
Author: Alho JM
Source: Demography. 2008 Aug;45(3):641-650.
Abstract: Fertility is below replacement level in all European countries, and population growth is expected to decline in the coming decades. Increasing life expectancy will accentuate concomitant aging of the population. Migration has been seen as a possible means to decelerate aging. In this article, I introduce a stable, open-population model in which cohort net migration is proportional to births. In this case, the migration-fertility trade-off can be studied with particular ease. I show that although migration can increase the growth rate, which tends to make the age distribution younger, it also has an opposite effect because of its typical age pattern. I capture the effect of the age pattern of net migration in a migration-survivor function. The effect of net migration on growth is quantified with data from 17 European countries. I show that some countries already have a level of migration that will lead to stationarity. For other countries with asymptotically declining population, migration still provides opportunities for slowing down aging of the population as a whole. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | MIGRATION | FERTILITY CHANGES | POPULATION DYNAMICS | AGE FACTORS | DEPENDENCY BURDEN | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Population Characteristics | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 327986

20.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Childbearing in crisis: War, migration and fertility in Angola.
Author: Avogo W; Agadjanian V
Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2008 Sep;40(5):725-742.
Abstract: This study examines the short- and long-term effects of war-induced and war-unrelated migration on fertility outcomes using data from two peri-urban municipalities of Greater Luanda in Angola. In the short term, results from multi-level discrete-time logistic regression models indicate that net of other factors, war-unrelated migration is associated with a lower probability of birth than war-induced migration in a given year. Similar results are obtained when the effects of migration are lagged by a year. At the same time, the effects of war-triggered migration do not differ significantly from those of not migrating in a given year but are statistically significant when the effects of migration are lagged by a year. In the long term, the effects of migration experience on cumulative fertility are negligible and not statistically significant net of demographic and socioeconomic variables. Interpretations of the results are offered in the context of Angola and their broader implications are reflected on. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
ANGOLA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | LOGISTIC MODEL | FERTILITY | WAR | MIGRATION | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Mathematical Model | Theoretical Models | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 323983

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Migration to the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala: Why place matters.
Author: Carr DL
Source: Human Organization. 2008 Spr;67(1):37-48.
Abstract: Most migration research examines international migration or urbanization. Yet understudied rural migrants are of critical concern for environmental conservation and rural sustainable development. Despite the fact that a relatively small number of all migrants settle remote rural frontiers, these are the agents responsible for perhaps most of the tropical deforestation on the planet. Further, rural migrants are among the most destitute people worldwide in terms of economic and human development. While some research has investigated deforestation resulting from frontier migration and frontier development, this article explores the necessary antecedent to tropical deforestation and poverty in agricultural frontiers: emigration from origin areas. The data come from a 2000 survey with community leaders and key informants in 16 municipios (municipalities) of migrant origin to the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR), Peten, Guatemala. A common denominator among communities of migration origin to the Peten frontier was unequal resource access, usually land. Nevertheless, factors driving resource scarcity were widely variable. Land degradation, land consolidation, and population growth prevailed in some communities but not in others. Despite similar exposure to community and regional level push factors, most people in the sampled communities did not emigrate, suggesting that any one or combination of factors is not necessarily sufficient for emigration. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GUATEMALA | LATIN AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RURAL POPULATION | RURAL POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | MIGRANT WORKERS | MIGRATION | NATURAL RESOURCES | POPULATION GROWTH | ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION | ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT | Central America | Americas | Developing Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Environment
Document Number: 326533

22.

Title: Mapping and situation assessment of key populations at high risk of HIV in three cities of Afghanistan.
Author: Chase R; Foran J; Rasheed A; O'Neil JD; Moses S
Source: [Washington, D.C.], World Bank, South Asia Region, Human Development Sector, SAR AIDS, 2008 Apr. [29] p. (Discussion Paper Series Report No. 23)
Abstract: As yet, little is known about the HIV epidemic status and potential in Afghanistan. The country seems to be at an early epidemic phase with low HIV prevalence, but there are a number of underlying vulnerability factors that could lead to the conditions for epidemic expansion, including drug trafficking, the post-conflict situation with displacement of populations, a fledgling health care system, and a low level of knowledge and awareness about HIV/AIDS. As in other parts of central and south Asia, the most important proximate determinants of the scale and distribution of an HIV epidemic in Afghanistan will be the size and characteristics of high risk networks involving injecting drug users (IDUs), female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM) who are at high risk. Assessments from elsewhere in central Asia indicate an explosive growth in injecting drug use and commercial sex work throughout the region, concurrent epidemics of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and economic and political migration. As yet, little information is known about the size, distribution, and characteristics of IDU and sex worker sub-populations in Afghanistan. Therefore, the World Bank (WB) agreed with the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) to contract with the University of Manitoba (UM) to conduct an assessment of these three key, high risk populations in three cities of Afghanistan (Mazar-i-Sharif, Jalalabad, and Kabul).
Language: English
Keywords:
AFGHANISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | KAP SURVEYS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | URBAN POPULATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PREVALENCE | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | HIV INFECTIONS | RISK ASSESSMENT | WAR | MIGRATION | MAPS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Geography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Evaluation | Political Factors | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 327741

23.

Title: On the contribution of sectoral natural population growth to the aggregate poverty change.
Author: Chatti R; El Lahga A
Source: Journal of Population Economics. 2008 Jan;21(1):183-190.
Abstract: This note extends the Ravallion and Huppi aggregate poverty change decomposition to account for the distinct contribution of migration and differential natural population growth between sectors to the aggregate poverty change. We apply our decomposition to three Least Developing countries. We find that accounting for sectoral difference in natural population growth has a considerable impact on national poverty change. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL STUDIES | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | ECONOMIC MODEL | MIGRANTS | POPULATION | MIGRATION | POVERTY | POPULATION GROWTH | LABOR MIGRATION | Theoretical Models | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 322761

24.

Title: International migration and educational assortative mating in Mexico and the United States.
Author: Choi KH; Mare RD
Source: Los Angeles, California, University of California - Los Angeles, California Center for Population Research, 2008 Feb. 40 p. (California Center for Population Research On-Line Working Paper Series CCPR-004-08)
Abstract: Using data from the 2000 U.S. and Mexican Censuses, this paper examines the relationship between migration and marriage patterns by describing how the distributions of marital statuses and assortative mating patterns vary by individual and community experiences of migration. In Mexico, migrants and those living in areas with high levels of migration are less likely to marry a spouse with the same level of education. Return migrants from the U.S. to Mexico may use their improved economic position to marry up. In the U.S., Mexican migrants are also less likely to enter into homogamous unions; however, the odds of homogamy do not vary by couple level of migration. Migrants may expand their pool of potential spouses to include non-migrants and nonmigrants tend to be better educated than Mexican migrants. With individual migration experiences, the odds of marrying outside of one's education group increase the most among the least educated. With community level of migration in Mexico, the odds of marrying outside of the group increases the most among the best educated. These findings suggest that preferences for homogamy are disrupted by migration. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | CENSUS | MIGRANTS | MIGRATION | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Marriage | Nuptiality | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 325784

25.
Title: Population and development issues of Viet Nam.
Author: Dang Nguyen Anh
Source: Vietnam Population News. 2008 Nov-Dec;49:2-5.
Abstract: As the fertility rate of Viet Nam keeps declining, the population is having changes in terms of size, structure and distribution. Viet Nam is moving from a young to old population country within the next 15 - 20 years. This will pose new challenges to chare and social security to the elderly. With an aim to sustain the replacement level fertility the population and family planning work is of great importance. Communication, counselling and provision of reproductive health services including family planning and STI, HIV, AIDS services, particularly to young persons, newly-wed couples, migrants and labourers should be strengthened together with continuation of contraceptive method mix and channels. Budget allocation should give priority to areas with high-fertility level and rapid population growth. In areas with a large number of migrants, a support fund is needed to meet migrants' needs. Apart from the above issues, international migration, climate and environment change and consequences in Viet Nam have not paid with due concern and comprehensive study. In the context of low fertility level, new and complicated population issues will emerge. Determinant factors affecting the country's population processes must be well understood and interpreted. At present, there has no a comprehensive population register for policy making, planning and management. Applied and operation research on population based on good data and methodologies should be carried out to formulate effective population policies.
Language: English
Keywords:
VIETNAM | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | FERTILITY DECLINE | POPULATION SIZE | FERTILITY CHANGES | FERTILITY RATE | MIGRATION | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements
Document Number: 331299

26.

Title: Rural household demographics, livelihoods and the environment.
Author: de Sherbinin A; VanWey LK; McSweeney K; Aggarwal R; Babbieri A
Source: Global Environmental Change. 2008 Feb;18(1):38-53.
Abstract: This paper reviews and synthesizes findings from scholarly work on linkages among rural household demographics, livelihoods and the environment. Using the livelihood approach as an organizing framework, we examine evidence on the multiple pathways linking environmental variables and the following demographic variables: fertility, migration, morbidity and mortality, and lifecycles. Although the review draws on studies from the entire developing world, we find the majority of microlevel studies have been conducted in either marginal (mountainous or arid) or frontier environments, especially Amazonia. Though the linkages are mediated by many complex and often context-specific factors, there is strong evidence that dependence on natural resources intensifies when households lose human and social capital through adult morbidity and mortality, and qualified evidence for the influence of environmental factors on household decision-making regarding fertility and migration. Two decades of research on lifecycles and land cover change at the farm level have yielded a number of insights about how households make use of different land-use and natural resource management strategies at different stages. A thread running throughout the review is the importance of managing risk through livelihood diversification, ensuring future income security, and culture-specific norms regarding appropriate and desirable activities and demographic responses. Recommendations for future research are provided. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | RURAL POPULATION | HOUSEHOLDS | FAMILY DEMOGRAPHY | POPULATION DYNAMICS | LIVELIHOOD | AGRICULTURE | ENVIRONMENT | FERTILITY CHANGES | MIGRATION | MORBIDITY | MORTALITY | NATURAL RESOURCES | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Family Research | Resources | Organization and Administration | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Fertility | Diseases
Document Number: 325787

27.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Disparities in access to behavioral health services for Puerto Rican - descended adolescents.
Author: Duke MR; Mateo W
Source: Human Organization. 2008 Spring;67(1):68-76.
Abstract: This article discusses the unique behavioral health issues facing Puerto Rican-descended adolescents in the mainland United States, and their particular challenges in accessing behavioral health services. Utilizing interview data with in-treatment and not-in-treatment youth, and with behavioral health providers who work with this population, this paper elucidates that range and scope of behavioral health needs for youth of Puerto Rican descent, and documents the social, cultural, and economic barriers faced by Puerto Rican youth and their families in accessing culturally and linguistically appropriate treatment. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for addressing the behavioral health disparities and barriers to treatment that this population faces. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
PUERTO RICO | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | ADOLESCENTS | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | MIGRATION | HEALTH SERVICES | BEHAVIOR | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Caribbean | Americas | Developed Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Population Dynamics | Delivery of Health Care | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 326534

28.

Title: Computational tools in predicting and assessing forced migration.
Author: Edwards S
Source: Journal of Refugee Studies. 2008 Oct;21(3):27-64.
Abstract: This paper highlights the potential use of computational models in predicting key spatial patterns of conflict-induced forced displacement. The complexity inherent in displacement is well demonstrated by counter-intuitive or 'aberrant' patterns of flight that are not easily explained by extant forced-displacement theory. In order to develop contingency models of flight to assist aid providers or policy makers, a need exists to capture this complexity using the leverage of computational models. There has been little systematic effort to apply advances in computational modelling to forced displacement, and this paper seeks to highlight the benefits, potential model designs, and likely limitations of this needed tool.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | MIGRANT WORKERS | MIGRATION | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | COMPUTERS | DATA QUALITY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Theoretical Models | Information Processing | Information | Data Analysis
Document Number: 329499

29.

Title: Infectious syphilis in high-income settings in the 21st century.
Author: Fenton KA; Breban R; Vardavas R; Okano JT; Martin T
Source: Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2008 Apr;8(4):244-253.
Abstract: In high-income countries after World War II, the widespread availability of effective antimicrobial therapy, combined with expanded screening, diagnosis, and treatment programmes, resulted in a substantial decline in the incidence of syphilis. However, by the turn of the 21st century, outbreaks of syphilis began to occur in different subpopulations, especially in communities of men who have sex with men. The reasons for these outbreaks include changing sexual and social norms, interactions with increasingly prevalent HIV infection, substance abuse, global travel and migration, and under-investment in public-health services. Recently, it has been suggested that these outbreaks could be the result of an interaction of the pathogen with natural immunity, and that syphilis epidemics should be expected to intrinsically cycle. We discuss this hypothesis by examining long-term data sets of syphilis. Today, syphilis in western Europe and the USA is characterised by low-level endemicity with concentration among population subgroups with high rates of partner change, poor access to health services, social marginalisation, or low socioeconomic status. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPED COUNTRIES | INCIDENCE | HIGH INCOME POPULATION | SYPHILIS | TRANSMISSION | SCREENING | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | TRAVEL AND TOURISM | MIGRATION | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | HEALTH SERVICES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | North America | Americas | Measurement | Research Methodology | Social Class | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 325524

30.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Demarcating forest, containing disease: Land and HIV / AIDS in southern Zambia.
Author: Frank E; Unruh J
Source: Population and Environment. 2008 May;29(3-5):108-132.
Abstract: The ongoing HIV/AIDS pandemic in southern Africa continues to manifest itself in unexpected ways. While the consequences of the disease appear straightforward in some aspects -- e.g., medical, labor, cost -- in other respects the repercussions, while large, are nonetheless highly nuanced and can be counterintuitive. This paper reports on the intersection of HIV/AIDS, migration, livelihood adaptation, land tenure, and forest conservation, to outline how adaptation to the pandemic has reworked significant aspects of land tenure to result in increased forest conservation in southern Zambia in the near to medium-term. The research uses a combination of ethnography, case studies, household survey and spatial analyses and finds that HIV/AIDS is used in customary legal settings to enhance land access. We also draw links to practical and theoretical implications of the relationship between HIV/AIDS, land tenure, and deforestation in Sub-Saharan Africa. (Author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
ZAMBIA | AFRICA, SOUTHERN | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | SURVEYS | HIV INFECTIONS | EPIDEMICS | MIGRATION | DEFORESTATION | LAND TENURE | LIVELIHOOD | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Environmental Degradation | Environment | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Resources | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 327912


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