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Title: Oral contraceptive pill containing drospirenone and the professional voice: An electrolaryngographic analysis.
Author: La FM; Howard DM; Ledger W; Davidson JW; Jones G
Source: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology. 2009 Apr;34(2):11-19.
Abstract: Few studies have been concerned with the effects of combined oral contraceptive pills (OCP) on those who use their voices as a tool of trade. A cohort study involving 20 female professional voice users was carried out assessing irregularity of vocal fold vibration, based on: 1) period-to-period frequency peaks (CFx), and 2) period-to-period amplitude peaks (CAx) in the cycle-to-cycle excitation of the vocal tract. These vocal measures and blood samples were collected at three points of the menstrual cycle, for both natural and OCP cycles. No significant differences were found in vocal parameters assessed between the natural and OCP cycles. The intake of this OCP was not found to have a systematic effect on the vocal parameters studied. Based on these results the modern OCP preparations can be considered safe medications which do not have a negative effect on voice quality in professional voice users.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | COHORT ANALYSIS | WOMEN | ARTISTS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | MENSTRUAL CYCLE | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | ANABOLIC STEROIDS | SONGS | United Kingdom | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Influentials | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Menstruation | Reproduction | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Androgens | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Music | Culture | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 329663

Title: The implications of objectification theory for women's health: Menstrual suppression and "maternal request" cesarean delivery.
Author: Andrist LC
Source: Health Care for Women International. 2008 May;29(5):551-565.
Abstract: Menstrual suppression with oral contraceptives and cesarean delivery on maternal request (CDMR) are relatively new options for women and increasingly are available, particularly in developed countries, around the world. In this article, I explore these issues using objectification theory as a framework for deconstruction. I offer a provocative hypothesis: Women who objectify their bodies are not only interested in menstrual suppression, but also in surgicalized childbirth at their request. I argue that because patriarchal societies have aligned women's reproductive functions with nature, disinterest in menstruation and vaginal childbirth has become another way for women to separate themselves from their "earthly" nature and transform or maintain their bodies as idealized cultural symbols (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | WOMEN | WOMEN'S HEALTH | CESAREAN SECTION | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | WOMEN'S STATUS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | CULTURE | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Family Planning | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 326447

4.
Title: Experiences of abortion in Nepal and menstrual regulation in Bangladesh: a gender analysis.
Author: Bhandari A; Hom NM; Rashid S; Theobald S
Source: Gender and Development. 2008 Jul;16(2):257-272.
Abstract: The extent to which abortion and menstrual regulation services are safe, legal, and women-friendly is a strong proxy of gender equity. This article draws on women's voices from Nepal and Bangladesh to illustrate that even where services are provided legally, women can still face multiple barriers to access to services, and problematic quality of care. This is exacerbated by the stigma which surrounds these services. Stigma is directly related to gender inequality, and is constructed at both the community and provider level. It is imperative to overcome these barriers by promoting gender equality across the board, in all services and all contexts. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
NEPAL | BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | GENDER ISSUES | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | SEX DISCRIMINATION | INEQUALITIES | STIGMA | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Comparative Studies | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Socioeconomic Factors
Document Number: 327789 Notification

Peer Reviewed

Title: Long-term assessment of symptomatology and satisfaction of an extended oral contraceptive regimen.
Author: Coffee AL; Sulak PJ; Kuehl TJ
Source: Contraception. 2007 Jun;75(6):444-449.
Abstract: The study was conducted to assess hormone withdrawal symptoms, patient acceptance and occurrence and management of bleeding with an extended oral contraceptive (OC) regimen. Subjects were placed on an OC containing 3 mg drosperinone (DRSP) and 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol (EE), in the standard 21/7 fashion for two cycles, before converting to an extended pattern of OC for women who indicated they had menstrually related symptoms such as headaches, cramping and mood swings (52 weeks with phone-call follow-up 6 months later). Daily assessments of bleeding, headache, pelvic pain, mood and number of pain pills were recorded. Results are reported as means with S.E., and values were compared using analysis of variance with Dunnett's post hoc test for comparison with 21/7 cycle, Duncan's post hoc test for comparison of changes during the course of the extended regimen and Pearson's chi-square for comparison of proportions. Of the 111 women who began the extended OC regimen, 80 completed 1 year of use.Mood scores, headache scores and pelvic pain were all improved in the extended OC intervals, compared to the 21/7 cycle (p less than .001 for all comparisons). Improvement in symptoms persisted throughout the 1 year extended regimen. The findings indicated that 53.7% of subjects had no breakthrough bleeding or breakthrough spotting (BTB/BTS) during any given 28-day interval of the extended regimen. BTB/BTS decreased in the second half compared to the first half of the extended regimen. To manage BTB/BTS, instituting a 3-day hormone-free interval (HFI) was significantly more effective than continuing OCs (p less than .001). At the 6-month follow-up, most subjects had continued the extended regimen on their own with a high level of satisfaction. An extended OC regimen containing DRSP/EE significantly improved mood, headaches and pelvic pain scores throughout the 1 year of use, compared to a 21/7 cycle. Sustained BTB/BTS episodes occurred in 45 subjects (56%), decreasing in the second half of the study and effectively managed with a 3-day HFI. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
TEXAS | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | SATISFACTION | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | WITHDRAWAL | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | HEADACHE | PELVIS | PAIN | ANALGESIA | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Anatomy | Biology | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 313555

10.

Title: Abortion.
Author: Habsjah A
Source: In: Rights and realities: monitoring reports on the status of Indonesian women's sexual and reproductive health and rights. Findings from the Indonesian Reproductive Health and Rights Monitoring amd Advocacy (IRRMA) Project, edited by Sivananthi Thanenthiran and Ayesha Khan. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women [ARROW], 2007. :50-93.
Abstract: Although abortion is a common occurrence throughout the world - 46 million or 22% of all pregnancies worldwide end in induced abortion each year1 - it remains clandestine, stigmatised and unsafe for hundreds of thousands of women. This situation persists due to a lack of awareness in many countries of what the law actually permits and a general unwillingness among policymakers and health professionals to concretise women's reproductive rights. With only a few exceptions, every country in the world permits abortion under certain circumstances, such as to save a woman's life or to terminate a pregnancy resulting from rape or incest. Tragically, even in these countries, safe abortion is rarely accessible, rarely available and rarely affordable. Around the world, legal and medical professionals in countries with restrictive laws continue to describe abortion as "illegal," rather than acknowledge that women have a legal right to abortion under certain circumstances. As a result, policymakers, health professionals and activists have lost the opportunity to offer safe and legal abortion services to those who need them. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDONESIA | PROGRESS REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | HEALTH PERSONNEL | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | TRADITIONAL HEALERS | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | CULTURE | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | ATTITUDES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Traditional Medicine | Medicine | Health Services | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Traditional Health Practices | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 319783 Notification

12.

Title: The clinical rationale for menses-free contraception.
Author: Lin K; Barnhart K
Source: Journal of Women's Health. 2007 Oct;16(8):1171-1180.
Abstract: The impact of monthly menstruation may range from a minor inconvenience for some women to a major health concern for those who suffer from menstrual disorders and health conditions that are aggravated during their menstrual cycle. Oral contraceptives (OCs) have been used safely in continuous regimens for the treatment of menstrual disorders in some women and for others who choose to extend their 28-day menstrual cycle to accommodate major life events. There is no physiological requirement for the monthly hormone withdrawal bleed that is experienced by women taking cyclic OCs or for a menstrual period in women who do not desire to (or cannot) become pregnant. Thus, the use of continuous or extended-cycle OC regimens that eliminate the menstrual cycle represents a viable and attractive option for many women. The availability of more choices for menstrual suppression, such as continuous use of OCs, will improve the quality of life for many women who suffer from menstrual-related disorders and providegreater convenience for women with busy and active lifestyles. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | MENSTRUATION DISORDERS | QUALITY OF LIFE | LIFE STYLE | DYSMENORRHEA | MENORRHAGIA | PREMENSTRUAL TENSION | ATTITUDES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Family Planning | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Diseases | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | Behavior | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 321345

13.

Title: [Preference of Brazilian women regarding menstrual changes] Preferencias de mulheres brasileiras quanto a mudancas na menstruacao.
Author: Ribeiro CP; Hardy E; Hebling EM
Source: Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetricia. 2007 Feb;29(2):74-79.
Abstract: PURPOSE: to evaluate the association between women's menstrual experience and preferred changes in their menstrual cycles. METHODS: a cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 420 women were interviewed. Participants complied with the following criteria: age (18 to 20, 25 to 34 and 45 to 49 years); schooling (or=12 years); having menstruated during the three months previous to the study. Subjects were selected in the city of Campinas (SP), in nine private and seven public health services. For data collection, a questionnaire was prepared on the basis of the results of a previous pilot study that consisted of small groups. A data bank was prepared with the information registered in the questionnaires and the analysis was carried out with SAS, version 8.2. For the statistical analysis, the Pearson 2 test and the Fisher exact test were used to evaluate the association between variables (p<0.05). RESULTS: most subjects preferred greater than once a month intervals between menstruations. There was an association of the typical menstrual intervals experienced by women (p=0.0248) and the degree of interference of menstruation with daily activities (p=0.048) with the preferred interval between menses. However, there was no association between preferred intervals by women and the following characteristics of pain: duration, intensity and use of medication. CONCLUSIONS: the results suggest that women would like intervals longer than one month or to never menstruate.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PILOT PROJECTS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | TIME FACTORS | ATTITUDES | QUALITY OF LIFE | MENSTRUATION | PAIN | ANALGESIA | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Family Planning | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Welfare | Reproduction | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 324618

14.
Title: Menstrual control in the developmentally delayed adolescent: new treatment options.
Author: Amesse LS; Boyce C; Pfaff-Amesse T
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2006 Jun;19(3):237-241.
Abstract: Menstruation can be a difficult transition for many adolescents. It often results in the loss of school time and may curtail extra-school activities. For the developmentally delayed teenager, menstruation can be stressful not only for the adolescent but also for her caretakers. Many of these adolescents do not have the ability to care for themselves, and as a result, the responsibility for menstrual hygiene will fall upon family members or other responsible individuals. A significant proportion of these girls will need continued care throughout their lives, so they will not be involved in bearing or raising children. Fertility issues are often a major concern and this should be addressed in considering treatment options. Indeed, some of these teenagers may become sexually active and the prevention of unintended pregnancies should be considered an important aspect of their care. The physician making recommendations for these adolescents often faces difficult choices as to the proper management. However, more medical and surgical treatment options are becoming available and will be discussed below. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RECOMMENDATIONS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | DISABLED PERSONS AND DISABILITIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | MENTAL RETARDATION | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY | FEMALE STERILIZATION | HYSTERECTOMY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Intelligence | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Biology | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Family Planning | Contraception | Urogenital Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sterilization, Sexual
Document Number: 302503

15.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Will period-free hormonal contraception become the norm of the twenty-first century?
Author: Aubeny E
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2006 Mar;11(1):1-5.
Abstract: The feelings of women about their menstruations has been modified due to the use of hormonal contraception. Women using oestroprogestative pills know that menstruations are triggered by the cessation of their absorption rather than any other physiological phenomenon. They know that the amenorrhea which appears under progestative contraception is both non pathological and reversible. Consequently, a good many women, confident in terms of birth control by these very efficient contraceptive methods, wish also to space out those considered useless and unpleasant periods for 3 to 6 months and even for 1 year or more. The actual hormonal contraceptive methods theoretically allow this spacing out of the menstruations but often by dint of much metrorragia. Indeed, while the first studies on those ''non-periods'' contraceptive methods seem to show their harmlessness, they must be further evaluated in a more specific way. Additional studies must thus be pursued in this direction. This new request from women about their periods while being often undervalued by physicians, must now be taken into account for future contraceptive methods. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
FRANCE | LITERATURE REVIEW | CLINICAL RESEARCH | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, FEMALE | ESTROGENS | AMENORRHEA | TIME FACTORS | PROGESTATIONAL HORMONES | METRORRHAGIA | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Menstruation Disorders | Diseases | Population Dynamics | Bleeding | Signs and Symptoms
Document Number: 295017

16.
Title: [Acceptability of intrauterine levonorgestrel delivery system (Mirena 52 mg) after estrogen-progesterone oral contraception: results of a prospective multicentric study of 211 patients aged 25 -- 35 years] Acceptabilite du systeme intra-uterin au levonorgestrel Mirena 52 mg apres contraception orale oestroprogestative. Resultats a 1 an d'une etude prospective multicentrique sur 211 patientes de 25 a 35 ans.
Author: Collinet P; Nayama M; Cosson M
Source: Journal�de Gynecologie Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction. 2006;35(8):778-784.
Abstract: Use of an intrauterine levonorgestrel (SIU-LNG) delivery system (Mirena 52mg has become popular in recent years, particularly among younger women. Mirena is currently the contraceptive method of choice used as an alternative to classical copper-containing intrauterine devices after oral contraception. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction among young women during the first year of use of the intrauterine hormonal system. This multicentric phase IV trial with a non-comparative methodology was conducted among 211 young women aged 25-35 years. The SIU-LNG was prescribed for women who wanted to change their contraception after oral estrogen progesterone taken for at least three months prior to inclusion in the study. A total of 211 patients were included and review was planned at one year: 197 patients (93.36%) were reviewed. Mean patient age was 31.48 � 3.25 years. The SIU-LNG was inserted successfully at the first attempt in 99.05% of women. The continuation rate was 85.65%at one year. Evaluation of cycle characteristics showed less voluminous blood loss and fewer dysmenorrheal phenomena as well as, in 40%, the development of amenorrhea. At the last visit, 85% of women were satisfied or very satisfied with this method of contraception. As has been demonstrated in earlier studies, Mirena offers a contraception with a reliability equivalent to that of oral estrogen progesterone (IP: 0 - 0.2), with very few hormonal side effects due to the low plasma passage of levonorgestrel. Mirena is particularly well adapted for young women who desire a reliable long-term easy-to-use contraception after taking oral contraception. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
FRANCE | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN | IUD, HORMONE RELEASING | LEVONORGESTREL | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, ESTROGEN | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, PROGESTIN | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | AMENORRHEA | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Usage | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Menstruation Disorders | Diseases
Document Number: 311423

17.
Peer Reviewed

Title: The use of oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and drospirenone in an extended regimen over 126 days.
Author: Foidart J; Sulak PJ; Schellschmidt I; Zimmermann D
Source: Contraception. 2006;73:34-40.
Abstract: Objective: To assess the bleeding profile, acceptance and safety of an extended 126-day regimen of the oral contraceptive Yasmin� [30 �g ethinylestradiol (EE) and 3 mg drospirenone (DRSP)]. Methods: Using daily diaries, 177 women recorded bleeding events throughout the 126-day cycle. At end of treatment, the women completed questionnaires reflecting their satisfaction with the extended regimen. A subset of 30 women underwent endometrial histology sampling after completion of the extended regimen. Results: Of 177 women assigned to the extended regimen, 80.8% completed the extended 126-day regimen. Approximately 40% of the women reported complete absence of bleeding, while in 60% a shift towards less intense bleeding was observed. The first onset of bleeding occurred after a median of 99.0 days into the extended cycle. The acceptance of the extended regimen was high, with 68.4% of the women expressing satisfaction. The general safety profile with the extended use was comparable to that seen with the conventional 21+7-day regimen. All endometrial biopsies with sufficient material for analysis were normal and supported the endometrial safety of the extended regimen. Conclusion: This study showed that the continuous use of a 30-�g EE and 3-mg DRSP formulation over 126 days was safe, efficacious, well accepted by the users and resulted in a considerable reduction of bleeding. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, NORTHERN | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, LOW-DOSE | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | HISTOLOGY | ENDOMETRIAL EFFECTS | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | TIME FACTORS | Europe | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Drugs | Treatment | Safety | Public Health | Health | Biology | Endometrium | Uterus | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 293357

18.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Factors influencing young women's decision making regarding hormonal contraceptives: a qualitative study.
Author: Cheung E; Free C
Source: Contraception. 2005;71:426-431.
Abstract: Discontinuation of hormonal contraceptives is correlated with the experience of unwanted effects and is an important cause of unwanted pregnancy. Previous studies have not identified the factors that influence whether a woman will switch to another hormonal contraceptive, switch back to condom use or stop contraception altogether when side effects are experienced. This qualitative study used in-depth interviews to explore factors influencing young women�s decision making regarding highly effective hormonal contraceptives in 51 women aged 16�25 years living in or just outside London, UK. Young women�s decision making regarding hormonal contraceptives is not simply determined by the experience of unwanted effects but reflects the meaning of unwanted effects in relation to underlying beliefs regarding the nature of hormones in contraceptives, �natural� menses, menstrual control and the importance of avoiding pregnancy. When unwanted effects were experienced, women with no concerns about the nature of hormones tended to switch to other highly effective hormonal contraceptives. Those with underlying concerns regarding the nature of hormones returned to (inconsistent) condom use or stopped using contraception altogether. This was linked to experiencing unwanted pregnancy. Eliciting attitudes regarding the nature of hormones in contraceptives, menstrual control and natural menses could enable health care practitioners to offer more tailored advice, interventions and contraceptives to women. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN | YOUTH | DECISION MAKING | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, SIDE EFFECTS | CONTRACEPTION TERMINATION | BELIEFS | CONDOM USE | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | ATTITUDES | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | United Kingdom | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Behavior | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Public Health | Health | Culture | Risk Reduction Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Psychological Factors | Fertility Control, Postcoital
Document Number: 286723

19.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Menstruation and amenorrhea: opinion of Brazilian women. [Menstruaci�n y amenorrea: opini�n de las mujeres brasile�as]
Author: do Amaral MC; Hardy E; Hebling EM; Fa�ndes A
Source: Contraception. 2005;72:157-161.
Abstract: Contemporary women experience more menstrual cycles than their predecessors, and their menstrual patterns are modified by contraceptives. Amenorrhea is one side effect that has recently been advocated as desirable. This qualitative study investigated Brazilian women�s views regarding the suppression of menstruation using hormones. Data were collected through eight focus groups, following a semistructured guideline. Sixty-four women, 21�51 years old, all menstruating regularly and all of whom had already initiated sexual activity and had no perceived infertility participated. Discussions were recorded, transcribed and entered into the computer, using the Ethnograph V 5.0 software to aggregate similar patterns. Thematic content analysis revealed that menstruation and amenorrhea were both seen with ambiguity. Although regarded as a nuisance, menstruation was associated with femaleness, youth, fertility and health. Most women, although they would like to be free from menstruation, feared negative consequences of induced amenorrhea and even regarded the proposition as a male intrusion into what they consider a natural female condition. (author's)
Spanish Abstract: Las mujeres contempor�neas experimentan m�s ciclos menstruales que sus predecesoras y sus patrones menstruales se ven modificados por los anticonceptivos. La amenorrea es un efecto secundario que hace poco se present� como deseable. El presente estudio cualitativo investiga las opiniones de las mujeres brasile�as con respecto a la supresi�n de su menstruaci�n a trav�s del consumo de hormonas. Se reunieron datos en ocho grupos espec�ficos de acuerdo con una pauta semiestructurada. Participaron 64 mujeres de 21 a 52 a�os con menstruaciones regulares y actividad sexual y sin percepci�n de infertilidad. Los debates se grabaron, se transcribieron e ingresaron en computadoras, utilizando el software Ethnograph V 5.0 para agrupar patrones similares. El an�lisis de contenido tem�tico revel� opiniones ambiguas con respecto a la menstruaci�n y la amenorrea. Aunque la menstruaci�n se consider� una molestia, se la asoci� con el hecho de ser mujer, con la juventud, la fertilidad y la salud. Si bien la mayor�a de las mujeres deseaba no menstruar, a la vez tem�a consecuencias negativas de la inducci�n de la amenorrea e incluso consider� la propuesta como una intromisi�n masculina en lo que cre�a un estado natural femenino. (del autor)
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | FOCUS GROUPS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | AMENORRHEA | PERCEPTION | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | AGE FACTORS | FERTILITY | FEAR | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Menstruation Disorders | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Family Planning | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Emotions | Safety | Public Health | Health | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception
Document Number: 288320

20.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Oligomenorrhoea and contraception despite extrauterine location of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system: a case report.
Author: Kalu E; Thonet R
Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2005 Apr;31(2):163-164.
Abstract: This is a case report of a 34-year-old women seeking contraception 6 weeks postpartum following an unplanned pregnancy. This was her fourth pregnancy and she was determined to avoid any further pregnancy. After adequate counselling, a levonorgestrel intrauterine system (IUS) (Mirena�) was inserted. The procedure was apparently painless and uneventful. The strings of the IUS had never been felt since it was inserted. Failure to identify the strings during a routine cervical smear led to further investigation with a plain Xray of the pelvis, which suggested the IUS was apparently intrauterine. A subsequent laparoscopy revealed the IUS to be in the peritoneal cavity, adherent to the right ovarian fossa. A 3 cm simple right ovarian cyst was also noted. The IUS was retrieved laparoscopically with no difficulties (Figure 1). Bilateral tubal occlusion was performed as the patient had asked to be sterilised.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CASE STUDIES | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | IUD, HORMONE RELEASING | LEVONORGESTREL | METRORRHAGIA | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | ULTRASONICS | OVARIAN CYSTS | LAPAROSCOPY | TUBAL OCCLUSION | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Studies | Puerperium | Reproduction | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Bleeding | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Female Sterilization | Sterilization, Sexual
Document Number: 340165

21.
Title: Extended use of the oral contraceptive pill -- is it an acceptable option for the adolescent?
Author: Omar H; Kives S; Allen L
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2005;18:285-288.
Abstract: For many years, health care providers have prescribed monophasic pills in a continuous fashion for the treatment of endometriosis, dysmenorrhea, and menorrhagia. More recently, with the introduction of Seasonale, oral contraceptive pills (OCP) that result in four withdrawal bleeds a year rather than twelve have become an acceptable method of hormonal contraception for all patients. The literature suggests that women respond very favorably to fewer menstrual cycles and often elect to continue taking the OCP in a continuous fashion. 1 Few studies have been performed on adolescents, however, and yet many of us are electing to use continuous contraception in this group as well. Are we making the correct decision when prescribing the OCP in a continuous fashion to this high-risk population? I have asked Dr. Lisa Allen to provide us with a clinical opinion on the extended use of the OCP in the adolescent. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CANADA | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | ENDOMETRIOSIS | DYSMENORRHEA | MENORRHAGIA | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | North America, Northern | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Contraceptive Usage | Safety | Public Health | Health | Diseases | Menstruation Disorders
Document Number: 291218

22.
Peer Reviewed

Title: The use of triphasic oral contraceptives in a continuous use regimen.
Author: Shulman LP
Source: Contraception. 2005;72:105-110.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of and outcomes and side effects in patients using triphasic oral contraceptives (OCs) in a continuous use regimen. A retrospective review of patient charts from four community-based physician practices was conducted. All patients had been using triphasic OCs in a continuous regimen (i.e., to prevent withdrawal bleeding) for a planned duration of at least three 28-day cycles. Data collected through retrospective chart abstraction included demographic and clinical indicators, duration of and reason for continuous triphasic OC use, prior OC history and side effect incidence and treatment. Forty-three patients meeting the inclusion criteria had data of sufficient quality to be included in all analyses. These patients represented 603 total cycles. Nearly half of the patients (49%) indicated that their primary reason for continuous OC use was personal preference rather than medical reasons. More than half of the patients (56%) had previously used triphasic OCs in a noncontinuous regimen; 24% had no prior OC experience. The median duration of continuous use was 237 days (including right-censored patients; range, 55�994). Of the 39% of patients who terminated continuous use, the most common reason given was the desire to become pregnant (35%). Sixty-one percent of the patients reported no side effects from continuous use. The most common side effect occurring beyond Day 21 of continuous use was breakthrough bleeding (reported in four patients). Survival analysis indicated that time on continuous triphasic use was positively related to parity > 0 (p < .05) and the absence of side effects (p < .1). The data suggest that successful continuous use is feasible with triphasic OCs, with few adverse side effects. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
ILLINOIS | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, SIDE EFFECTS | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | TIME FACTORS | METRORRHAGIA | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Public Health | Health | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Population Dynamics | Bleeding | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases
Document Number: 288311

23.
Title: Female OB/GYNs speak out about health practices.
Source: AWHONN Lifelines. 2004 Feb-Mar;8(1):14-18.
Abstract: The following is a summary of a national survey conducted at the request of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists regarding the health habits, attitudes and behaviors of their female OBIGYN members. For more information about the survey, go to www.acog.org. In a national survey of their own health habits, women OB/GYNs indicate they practice what they preach when it comes to good health. At a time when many Americans are exercising less and weighing more, most women OB/GYNs report getting regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight, according to a Gallup Organization survey conducted for The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Seventy-two percent of women OB/GYNs surveyed report that they regularly exercise, 67 percent say their weight is about right, and 81 percent rate their own physical fitness as good or excellent. "As women in a women's health profession, female OB/GYNs may be benefiting from an 'insider's perspective' in how to address the health challenges in their own lives," says ACOG President Elect Vivian M. Dickerson, MD. "This puts them in a unique position to help American women have healthier lifestyles." (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | PHYSICIANS | WOMEN | OBSTETRICS | GYNECOLOGY | HEALTH | BEHAVIOR | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Demographic Factors | Population | Medicine | Health Services | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Psychological Factors | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postcoital
Document Number: 277575

24.
Peer Reviewed

Title: The effect of mid-luteal estradiol level on the outcome of ICSI-ET cycles.
Author: Aktan E; Bozkurt K; Ozer D; Yucebilgin S; Karadadas N
Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2004 Jan;269(2):134-138.
Abstract: We investigated if mid-luteal estradiol levels could predict the outcome in intracytoplasmic sperm injection embryo transfer (ICSI-ET) cycles (n = 231). Pregnant and non-pregnant women were compared regarding their peak estradiol levels on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection day, and midluteal estradiol levels on the 7th day following oocyte recovery. Pregnancy rates of the groups that were designed according to the "peak/mid-luteal estradiol level" and the mid-luteal estradiol levels were also compared. Peak and mid-luteal estradiol levels in pregnant women were higher than in non-pregnant women in all patients, although the difference between peak and mid-luteal estradiol levels were similar in pregnant and non-pregnants. Pregnant women had higher mid-luteal estradiol levels in good responders, but the peak estradiol levels of pregnant and non-pregnant women were similar. In poor responders, pregnant and non-pregnant women were similar with respect to peak and mid-luteal estradiol levels. Both in all patients and good responders, women with mid-luteal estradiol levels < 200 pg/ml had lower pregnancy rates than those with > 2,000 pg/ml. Peak/mid-luteal estradiol ratios of pregnant and non-pregnant women were not significantly different in all patients, good responders and poor responders; although a tendency for a lower ratio in pregnants was encountered in good responders. Pregnancy rates of the groups according to the "peak/mid-luteal estradiol ratio" were similar; in all patients, good responders and poor responders. A relation between the midluteal estradiol level and the outcome is encountered only in good responders. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | ESTRADIOL | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | EMBRYO TRANSFER | GONADOTROPINS, CHORIONIC | PREGNANCY RATE | LUTEINIZING HORMONE | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Estrogens | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Family Planning | Reproductive Technologies | Reproduction | Gonadotropins | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Gonadotropins, Pituitary
Document Number: 298142

25.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Women's and providers' attitudes toward menstrual suppression with extended use of oral contraceptives.
Author: Andrist LC; Arias RD; Nucatola D; Kaunitz AM; Musselman BL
Source: Contraception. 2004 Nov;70(5):359-363.
Abstract: The United States Food and Drug Administration approved a dedicated extended regimen of oral contraceptive (OC) pill in the fall of 2003. Few studies have explored how women or providers feel about menstrual suppression. This study describes women�s and providers� attitudes toward menstrual suppression. A national sample of 1470 women and 512 providers responded to surveys asking about attitudes toward menstrual suppression. Seventy-eight percent of the women sample had never heard of menstrual suppression with OCs. Fifty-nine percent of women would be interested in not menstruating every month and one third would choose never to have a period. Only 7% of the providers thought it was physically necessary to have a period every month and 44% thought that menstrual suppression is a good idea. While 57% of providers said that their patients do not ask about extended use of OCs, 52% do prescribe them; patient request was the most common reason. Both samples thought that more research should be conducted and that the factors that would influence their decisions included long-term health effects, side effects, future fertility and cost. Results demonstrate that providers need to discuss this option with their patients. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | WOMEN | PROVIDERS WITH CLIENTS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | ATTITUDES | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | GYNECOLOGY | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Medicine | Safety | Public Health
Document Number: 276162

26.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Metformin therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Author: Aruna J; Mittal S; Kumar S; Misra R; Dadhwal V
Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2004 Dec;87(3):237-241.
Abstract: The objective was to determine the clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic effects of 6 months of metformin therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compare with pretherapy parameters. 50 Indian women with PCOS, 25 unmarried and 25 married, infertile women, were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. After a baseline workup, including body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), Ferriman Gallwey hirsutism scoring, menstrual pattern, levels of fasting insulin, lipids, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum gonadotropins, estradiol (E2), testosterone, androstenedione, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), patients were given 1000 gm of metformin for 6 months and then reevaluated. In 41 of 50 women who completed treatment, significant improvement in BMI, WHR, menstrual cyclicity (80.5%), ovulation rate (66%), and pregnancy rate (28%) was noted. Statistically significant decrease in lutenising hormone (LH) and LH/FSH ratio with an increase in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were seen. Levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (Chol) increased along with a decrease in total cholesterol. Improvement was noted in ovarian volume, stromal thickness, and number of follicles. There was no change in hirsutism, acne, levels of other sex steroid hormones, and lipids. A 6-month course of metformin therapy may improve menstrual cyclicity and fertility in women with PCOS. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | OVARIAN EFFECTS | TESTING | DRUGS | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | TREATMENT | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | FERTILITY | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Ovary | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Measurement | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Family Planning | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 276873

27.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Ovarian follicular development is initiated during the hormone-free interval of oral contraceptive use.
Author: Baerwald AR; Olatunbosun OA; Pierson RA
Source: Contraception. 2004;70:371-377.
Abstract: We evaluated ovarian follicular development in women during compliant use of oral contraceptives (OC). Thirty-six healthy women received: [35 �g ethinyl estradiol (21)/180 �g norgestimate (7), 215 �g norgestimate (7), 250 �g norgestimate (7)]; [30 �g ethinyl estradiol (21)/150 �g desogestrel (21)]; or [20 �g ethinyl estradiol (21)/100 �g levonorgestrel (21)] for 3 consecutive 28- day cycles. Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed every third day to monitor follicular development. If a follicle reached >/= 14mm, ultrasonography was performed daily and blood drawn every other day to determine estradiol-17� concentrations. Seventeen of 36 women (47%) grew follicles >/= 10 mm. Nine of the 17 women (53%) grew follicles >/= 14 mm, in association with increased serum concentrations of estradiol-17�. Thirty-seven of 43 follicles >/= 10 mm (86%) emerged during the hormone-free interval (HFI). No ovulations were observed. Our results supported the hypothesis that follicular development to an ostensibly ovulatory diameter occurs during compliant OC use, in association with loss of endocrine suppression during the HFI. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | GYNECOLOGY | OVARIAN EFFECTS | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Ovary | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 276164

28.
Title: Proactive management of menstrual cycle abnormalities in young women.
Author: Barron ML
Source: Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing. 2004 Apr-Jun;18(2):81-92.
Abstract: The goal of an integrative science of women's health is bringing together childbearing with women's health during the lifespan. Enhancing a woman's ability to conceive and maintain a pregnancy is influenced by decisions made well before the beginning of a pregnancy. Identifying ovulatory disorders makes it possible to intervene early in a young woman's childbearing years. Gynecologic charting typically used in natural family planning provides information to the woman and to the healthcare provider that is useful for diagnosis. If young women have a better understanding of fertility and menstrual cycle function, they are in a stronger position to make informed decisions about how they wish to manage their reproductive and sexual health. It may be possible to educate the young woman in health habits that will lead to a healthy pregnancy when she chooses and/or to treat the cause of the ovulatory disorder. This article focuses on polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic dysfunction which can cause menstrual cycle abnormalities in which gynecologic charting is useful in young women. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA |