1.  Title: Male circumcision: a cancer prevention strategy? Source: Lancet Oncology. 2009 May;10(5):431. Abstract: Given that less than 20% of males are circumcised in many developing countries, and that male circumcision is relatively simple and reduces viral infection, might this practice be more widely used as a preventive measure against cancer? In developing countries, male circumcision could have a vital role in specific segments of the population depending on the answers to specific scientific and infrasturcture related questions. Discussions around male circumcision strategies should be encouraged within the context of cancer prevention, and these should include local communities alongside assessments of current capacities, measurable targets, cost analyses and modelling, and the development of practicable guidelines, so as to place male circumcision within the possible options available for disease prevention. Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | PREVALENCE | MEN | MALE CIRCUMCISION | CANCER | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | HIV PREVENTION | STANDARDS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Neoplasms | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases Document Number: 341199 |
| 2. Title: Incidence and diagnoses of HIV infection - Puerto Rico, 2006. Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Source: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2009 Jun 5;58(21):589-91. Abstract: In 2006, 33 U.S. states and five territories had confidential, name-based, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection reporting; among territories, Puerto Rico had the second highest rate of HIV infection. To characterize the HIV epidemic in Puerto Rico in 2006 (the year with the most recent available data), the Puerto Rico Department of Health and CDC analyzed data on diagnoses of HIV infection (including infections that occurred in 2006 and in previous years) and used a stratified extrapolation approach developed by CDC to generate HIV incidence estimates (the number of persons newly infected with HIV in 2006). The results indicated that, in 2006, an estimated 1,440 persons aged >or=13 years were newly infected with HIV in Puerto Rico, resulting in an estimated incidence rate of 45.0 cases per 100,000 population, twice the rate for the 50 U.S. states and District of Columbia (DC). Males accounted for 65% of new HIV infections in Puerto Rico, and 38% of new HIV infections occurred among persons aged 30-39 years; 39% of new infections were associated with injection-drug use, and 37% with high-risk heterosexual contact. The results provide insight into HIV transmission patterns in Puerto Rico that can help guide allocation of resources and the planning, implementation, and evaluation of HIV prevention programs and other services. Language: English Keywords: PUERTO RICO | SUMMARY REPORT | INCIDENCE | MEN | HISPANICS | IV DRUG USERS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | HIV INFECTIONS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Caribbean | Americas | Developed Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Sex Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341589 |
3.  Peer Reviewed Title: Premarital sexual behavior among male college students of Kathmandu, Nepal. Author: Adhikari R; Tamang J Source: BMC Public Health. 2009 Jul;9(241):1-9. Abstract: A cross-sectional survey of male college students in Kathmandu was conducted between April and May 2006. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 573 male students. Association between premarital sex and the explanatory variables was assessed. Despite the religious and cultural restrictions, about two-fifths of survey respondents (39%) reported that they had had premarital sex. The study also showed that substantial proportions of students indulge in sexual activities as well as risky sexual behavior. Sex with commercial sex workers and multiple sex partners, and inconsistent use of condoms with non-regular partners were common among the students. Less than two in five male students (57%) had used condoms at first sexual intercourse. Students aged 20 and above were more likely to have had premarital sex compared with younger students ages 15-19. Students who believe in Hindu religion were more than two times more likely to have premarital sex compared with those who follow other religions. Participants who had close unmarried friends who experienced premarital sexual intercourse were eight times more likely to be sexually active than those who did not have such sexually active friends. School- or college-based sexuality education could benefit out-of-school youths as well, because their partners often are students. Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | MEN | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | PREVALENCE | ATTITUDES | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | AGE FACTORS | SEX EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Measurement | Research Methodology | Psychological Factors | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics Document Number: 339893 |
| 4. Peer Reviewed Title: Effect of male circumcision on the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus in young men: results of a randomized controlled trial conducted in orange farm, South Africa. Author: Auvert B; Sobngwi-Tambekou J; Cutler E; Nieuwoudt M; Lissouba P; Puren A; Taljaard D Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2009 Jan 1;199(1):14-9. Abstract: The authors used data from a male circumcision (MC) trial conducted in Orange Farm, South Africa among men aged 18-24 years to investigate the association between male circumcision (MC) and the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) among young men. Urethral swab samples were collected during a period of 262 consecutive days from participants in the intervention (circumcised) and control (uncircumcised) groups who were reporting for a scheduled follow-up visit. Swab samples were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction. HR-HPV prevalence rate ratios were assessed using univariate and multivariate log Poisson regression. In an intention-to-treat analysis, the prevalence of HR-HPV among the intervention group was 14.8% (94/637) and in the control group was 22.3% (140/627). Controlling for propensity score and confounders (ethnic group, age, education, sexual behavior [including condom use], marital status, and human immunodeficiency virus status) had no effect on the results. This is the first randomized controlled trial to show a reduction in the prevalence of urethral HR-HPV infection after MC. This finding explains why women with circumcised partners are at a lower risk of cervical cancer than other women. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | YOUTH | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | MEN | MALE CIRCUMCISION | HPV | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Data Analysis | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Biology Document Number: 328586 |
| 5. Title: Condom use for preventing STI/HIV and unintended pregnancy among young men in sub-saharan Africa. Author: Bankhole A; Singh S; Hussain R; Oestreicher G Source: American Journal of Men's Health. 2009 Mar;3(1):60-78. Abstract: The condom is the only known method that provides simultaneous protection against unplanned pregnancy and some sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, among sexually active people. Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys from 18 Sub-Saharan African countries, this study examined condom use and reasons for using the method at last intercourse among sexually active young men aged 15 to 29. Most young men were aware of the condom (73%-98%), but its use at last intercourse was quite variable, ranging from 6% in Madagascar to 74% in Namibia. In 10 countries, more young men reportedly used condoms for preventing STIs alone than they did for preventing pregnancy alone. In 6 countries, at least one third of the users used the method for both purposes. Use of the condom at last intercourse was associated with union status, education, residence, and exposure to television in at least two thirds of the countries. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | YOUTH | MEN | CONDOM USE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | KNOWLEDGE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Comparative Studies | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Sociocultural Factors | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 329249 |
| 6. Title: Knowledge and practice of university students in Lebanon regarding contraception. Author: Barbour B; Salameh P Source: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2009 Mar-Apr;15(2):387-99. Abstract: We evaluated knowledge and practice of Lebanese university students regarding contraception in a cross-sectional, comparative study on students in public and private universities using an Arabic language self-administered questionnaire. We found low levels of knowledge of contraception. The majority of males (73.3%) and a few females (21.8%) declared previous sexual relations: the majority of males had used a condom (86.1%), but females had generally not used contraceptives (75.6%). Language: English Keywords: LEBANON | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | STUDENTS | MEN | UNIVERSITIES | KNOWLEDGE | CONTRACEPTION | CONDOM USE | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | Middle East | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Behavior Document Number: 341713 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Talking the talk, walking the walk: Social network norms, communication patterns, and condom use among the male partners of female sex workers in La Romana, Dominican Republic. Author: Barrington C; Latkin C; Sweat MD; Moreno L; Ellen J; Kerrigan D Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 Jun;68(11):2037-2044. Abstract: Male partners of female sex workers are rarely targeted by HIV prevention interventions in the commercial sex industry, despite recognition of their central role and power in condom use negotiation. Social networks offer a naturally existing social structure to increase male participation in preventing HIV. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between social network norms and condom use among male partners of female sex workers in La Romana, Dominican Republic. Male partners (N =318) were recruited from 36 sex establishments to participate in a personal network survey. Measures of social network norms included 1) perceived condom use by male social network members and 2) encouragement to use condoms from social network members. Other social network characteristics included composition, density, social support, and communication. The primary behavioral outcome was consistent condom use by male partners with their most recent female sex worker partner during the last 3 months. In general, men reported small, dense networks with high levels of communication about condoms and consistent condom use. Multivariate logistic regression revealed consistent condom use was significantly more likely among male partners who perceived that some or all of their male social network members used condoms consistently. Perceived condom use was, in turn, significantly associated with dense networks, expressing dislike for condoms, and encouragement to use condoms from social network members. Findings suggest that the tight social networks of male partners may help to explain the high level of condom use and could provide an entry point for HIV prevention efforts with men. Such efforts should tap into existing social dynamics and patterns of communication to promote pro-condom norms and reduce HIV-related vulnerability among men and their sexual partners. Language: English Keywords: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | SOCIAL NETWORKS | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | SEXUAL PARTNERS | MEN | CONDOM USE | HIV PREVENTION | PEER PRESSURE | PERCEPTION | MALE ROLE | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychosocial Factors | Psychological Factors | Social Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331004 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: The persistence of induced abortion in Cuba: exploring the notion of an "abortion culture". Author: Belanger D; Flynn A Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Mar;40(1):13-26. Abstract: Cuba's annual induced abortion rate persistently ranks among the highest in the world, and abortion plays a prominent role in Cuban fertility regulation despite widespread contraceptive prevalence and state promotion of modern contraceptives. We explore this phenomenon using the concept of an "abortion culture," typically used in reference to Soviet and post-Soviet countries. We synthesize existing literature to provide a historical account of abortion and contraception in Cuba. We also provide a qualitative analysis of abortion and contraceptive use based on in-depth interviews conducted in 2005 in Havana with 24 women who have had an abortion and 10 men whose partners have had an abortion. Information gained from a focus-group discussion with medical professionals also informed the study. Our four principal findings are: (a) longstanding awareness of abortion, (b) the view of abortion as a personal decision, (c) the influence of economic constraints on the decision to induce an abortion, and (d) general skepticism toward contraceptives. We discuss our results on abortion in Cuba in relation to the notion of social diffusion, an approach commonly used to explain the spread of fertility control throughout a population. Language: English Keywords: CUBA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | FOCUS GROUPS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | MEN | ABORTION RATE | CULTURE | COMMUNISM | PERCEPTION | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | DECISION MAKING | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Caribbean | Americas | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Socialism | Political Systems | Political Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraception Document Number: 341079 |
| 9. Title: Predictors of Condom Use Among Israeli Soldiers. Author: Ben Natan M; Danilov S; Evdokimovitz Y Source: American Journal of Men's Health. 2009 Jul 14; Abstract: Only a small percentage of young people aged 18 to 20 years use condoms regularly. Thus, the younger population has an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. This study examines the underlying determinants of condom use among soldiers based on the theory of planned behavior as well as the influence of soldiers' social circumstances and prior sexual experience. A correlational design using an exploratory survey method was used. Participants were sampled in a convenience sample of 113 male soldiers from the Israel defense forces. A total of 70.1% of soldiers use condoms in their first sexual experience, however, this percentage subsequently decreases. The study indicates that soldiers are not familiar with the risks of frequent oral and anal sex. Behavioral intentions and self-control are significant predictors of condom use. Condom use among soldiers from one-parent families was lower than among soldiers from two-parent families. The theory of planned behavior seems to be a helpful method of predicting condom use among soldiers. Accordingly, efforts should be channeled at attempts to generate changes in soldiers' views of condom use, intensifying normative pressures operated by their social milieu, and increasing their self-control in the use of condoms. Language: English Keywords: ISRAEL | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | MILITARY PERSONNEL | MEN | CONDOM USE | ATTITUDES | BELIEFS | SEX BEHAVIOR | SAFER SEX | PERCEPTION | Developed Countries | Middle East | Studies | Research Methodology | Government | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Culture Document Number: 342123 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: Rural Gambian women's reliance on health workers to deliver sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine as recommended intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy. Author: Brabin L; Stokes E; Dumbaya I; Owens S Source: Malaria Journal. 2009;8:25. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of most anti-malarial medications is restricted during pregnancy, but two doses of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine are recommended after the first trimester as intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp). In The Gambia, only 32% of women receive two doses and very little research has been conducted on women's awareness of drug safety during pregnancy. The objective of this paper was to assess whether rural Gambian women were aware of the importance of the timing of the two-dose IPT dose schedule and its relevance to drug safety. METHODS: This was a qualitative study in which 41 interviews and 16 focus group discussions with women, adolescents, men and traditional birth attendants were conducted. A generic qualitative approach was used to generate a theory as to why women might not participate in IPTp as recommended. RESULTS: Although most women used calendar months to count their stage of pregnancy, these months did not correlate with their concept of foetal development. Foetal growth was described following Islamic tradition as water, clot, piece of meat and human being, although there was little consensus about the order or timing in which these stages occurred. Common signs and conditions of malaria were known. Women were anxious about miscarriage and recognized that some medicines should not be taken in the first trimester, but were urged by men and traditional birth attendants to attend for antenatal care in the first trimester to "start treatment." General knowledge about the purpose of pregnancy medications and when they should be taken was poor among both men and women. One important result was that women relied entirely on health workers to provide safe drugs, at the correct time. CONCLUSION: Women did not have relevant information to judge the safety and appropriate timing of pregnancy drugs, which made them over-reliant on health workers. They should be encouraged to date their own pregnancies in culturally relevant terms and to anticipate when and which medications they should receive. Language: English Keywords: GAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | PREGNANT WOMEN | MEN | TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | PREGNANCY, FIRST TRIMESTER | MALARIA PREVENTION | ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS | INFORMATION | KNOWLEDGE | TREATMENT | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services Document Number: 330897 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Uptake of male circumcision in an HIV vaccine efficacy trial [letter] Author: Bruyn G; Martinson NA; Nkala BD; Tshabangu N; Shilaluka G; Kublin J; Corey L; Gray GE Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 May 1;51(1):108-10. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | MEN | HIV PREVENTION | MALE CIRCUMCISION | HIV INFECTIONS | VACCINES | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior Document Number: 342348 |
| 12. Title: Vasectomy reversal: a seven-year experience. Author: Busato WF Jr Source: Urologia Internationalis. 2009;82(2):170-4. Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since the demand for vasectomy reversal is increasing and many populations in Brazil and other countries show distinct characteristics, this study was carried out as an effort to determine factors and characteristics associated with the success rate of reversal in a population in Southern Brazil. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed 29 cases of vasectomy reversal performed over a 7-year period using the single-layer technique under microscopic magnification. RESULTS: Mean patency, pregnancy, and birth rates were 75, 41.7 and 29%, respectively. The patency and pregnancy rates were 92.3 and 38.5%, respectively, for time intervals since vasectomy <10 years and 63.6 and 45.4%, respectively, for intervals >10 years. Patency and pregnancy rates were 87.5 and 50%, respectively, for patients who had their vasectomy performed by a urologist, and 50 and 25%, respectively, for those who had their vasectomy performed by a generalist surgeon (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High patency and pregnancy rates are associated with time intervals since vasectomy of <10 years and vasectomies performed by urologists. There was no significant difference in the anastomosis time between the first 12 procedures and the next 12 procedures. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | MEN | VASECTOMY | STERILIZATION REVERSAL | PREGNANCY RATE | BIRTH RATE | TIME FACTORS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Male Sterilization | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Reversible Sterilization | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 331231 |
| 13. Title: Male perceptions on female sterilization: a community-based study in rural central India. Author: Char A; Saavala M; Kulmala T Source: International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Sep;35(3):131-138. Abstract: CONTEXT: Use of modern contraceptive methods has increased fourfold in India since the 1970s, characterized by a predominance of female sterilization. There has been considerable investigation about women's choice of female sterilization, but little from the male perspective. METHODS: Seven focus group discussions were conducted among 58 men currently married to women aged 15-45, followed by a cross-sectional survey among 793 men currently married to same-aged women. Bivariate analysis was used for the survey data, and content analysis was used for the qualitative data. RESULTS: Men's primary source of reproductive health information was mass media, although they expressed interest in getting information through discussion with knowledgeable sources. Men understood family planning and contraception to be two separate issues: Men viewed "family planning" as synonymous with female sterilization, whereas they saw "contraception" as referring to spacing methods, knowledge of which was limited. Thirty-four percent of men reported that their wives had been sterilized; 79% of men who did not rely on any permanent method said they wanted their wives to be sterilized. In focus group discussions, most men reported themselves as their family's sole decision maker about reproductive health; however, only one-third of survey respondents did so. CONCLUSION: Men are interested in acquiring family planning information, but lack knowledge about available information sources, which hampers their ability to make informed family planning choices. Family planning service providers and program planners need to be aware of males' knowledge and perceptions pertaining to family planning, and make appropriate modifications to communication strategies. Spanish Abstract: Contexto: El uso de métodos anticonceptivos modernos se ha cuadruplicado en India desde los años setenta y se ha caracterizado por el predominio de la esterilización femenina. Ha habido considerables esfuerzos de investigación sobre la elección de la esterilización femenina que hacen las mujeres, pero existen pocos estudios desde la perspectiva masculina. Métodos: Siete sesiones de grupos focales se condujeron con 58 hombres actualmente casados con mujeres en edades de 15-45 años, seguidas por una encuesta transversal aplicada a 793 hombres actualmente casados con mujeres del mismo grupo de edad. Se usó análisis bivariado para los datos de la encuesta y análisis de contenido para los datos cualitativos. Resultados: Para los hombres, la fuente primaria de información sobre salud reproductiva fue los medios masivos, aunque ellos expresaron interés en obtener información a través de charlas con gente informada en el tema. Los hombres encuestados entendieron la planificación familiar y la anticoncepción como dos temas separados: los hombres percibieron la "planificación familiar" como sinónimo de esterilización femenina, mientras que se refirieron a la "anticoncepción" como métodos de espaciamiento, cuyo conocimiento fue limitado. Treinta y cuatro por ciento de los hombres reportaron que sus esposas habían sido esterilizadas; 79% de los hombres que no dependían de algún método permanente dijeron que querían que sus esposas fueran esterilizadas. En las sesiones de grupo, la mayoría de los hombres se identificó como el único tomador de decisiones en su familia respecto a la salud reproductiva; sin embargo, solamente un tercio de los hombres encuestados se identificó de esa forma. Conclusión: Los hombres están interesados en obtener información sobre planificación familiar, pero desconocen las fuentes disponibles que pueden consultar, lo cual limita su capacidad para tomar decisiones informadas sobre planificación familiar. Los prestadores de servicios y planificadores de programas de planificación familiar deben estar conscientes del conocimiento y percepciones de los hombres en relación con la planificación familiar, y realizar las modificaciones apropiadas a sus estrategias de comunicación. French Abstract: Contexte: La pratique de la contraception moderne a quadruplé en Inde depuis les années 1970. Elle se caractérise par une prédominance de la stérilisation féminine. De nombreuses études ont été menées sur le choix féminin de la stérilisation. La perspective masculine n'est en revanche guère connue. Méthodes: Sept réunions de groupe ont été organisées avec 58 hommes mariés à des femmes de 15 à 45 ans. Une enquête transversale a ensuite été menée auprès de 793 hommes mariés à des femmes de la même tranche d'âge. L'analyse bivariée a été utilisée pour les données d'enquête, et l'analyse de contenu pour les données qualitatives. Résultats: Pour les hommes, les médias représentent la principale source d'information sur la santé génésique. Ils expriment cependant un certain intérêt à s'informer par discussion auprès de sources compétentes. Les hommes voient dans la planification familiale et la contraception deux questions distinctes: la «planification familiale» est pour eux synonyme de stérilisation féminine, tandis que la «contraception» désigne les méthodes d'espacement, au sujet desquelles ils ne sont guère informés. Trente-quatre pour cent des hommes ont déclaré que leur femme était stérilisée; 79% de ceux qui n'avaient pas eu recours à une méthode permanente ont indiqué désirer que leur femme se fasse stériliser. Lors des discussions de groupe, la plupart des hommes se sont déclarés les seuls décideurs de leur famille en matière de santé génésique, par rapport à un tiers seulement des répondants à l'enquête. Conclusion: Les hommes désirent s'informer sur la planification familiale mais ils ignorent les sources d'information disponibles, ce qui entrave leur aptitude à opérer des choix éclairés en la matière. Les prestataires de services et les planifi- cateurs de programmes de planification familiale doivent être sensibles aux connaissances et aux perceptions masculines et ajuster en conséquence leurs stratégies de communication. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | MEN | CURRENTLY MARRIED | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PERCEPTION | FEMALE STERILIZATION | INFORMATION SOURCES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Information Document Number: 343003 |
| 14. Title: Blockade of alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor: A novel possible strategy for male contraception. Author: Chen Y; Li H; Dong Q; Wang KJ Source: Medical Hypotheses. 2009;73:140-141. Abstract: Worldwide almost one quarter of all couples practicing contraception rely on male methods. However, currently available options for male contraception are limited. Thus, it is urgent to develop safe, effective, and reversible male contraceptives. To date, alpha(1)-blockers are the most widely used agents for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Several studies reveal that in elderly patients the alpha(1A)-selective antagonist tamsulosin can induce a notably high incidence of ejaculation dysfunction characterized by low ejaculate volume. Recent clinical trials suggest that tamsulosin may effectively inhibit sperm ejaculation in young volunteers. Since alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor subtype plays a dominant role in mediating the contractions of accessory sex organs contributing to ejaculation, we hypothesize that blockade of alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor may suppress the motility of these organs, thereby inhibiting sperm transport and achieving contraception, and the alpha(1A)-selective antagonists can act as a male contraceptive. If our hypotheses can be further supported with clinical trials it will shift the paradigm for male-based contraception and provide a wider range of choice for all. Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH PROPOSAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | CLINICAL RESEARCH | MEN | MALE CONTRACEPTION | HORMONE ANTAGONISTS | SPERM TRANSPORT INHIBITION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Inhibition of Fertilization | Contraceptive Mode of Action Document Number: 341144 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Estimating HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among high-risk heterosexual men with multiple sex partners: use of respondent-driven sampling. Author: Chopra M; Townsend L; Johnston L; Mathews C; Tomlinson M; O'bra H; Kendall C Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 May 1;51(1):72-7. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To collect HIV data from high-risk men who have multiple, younger, female sex partners in a periurban township in South Africa. DESIGN: Unlinked anonymous cross-sectional survey using respondent-driven sampling. METHODS: Survey conducted among men aged 18 years or older who reported having had sex with more than 1 female partner in the previous 3 months (one of whom was either 3 or more years younger than the participant or below the age of 24) and lived in the area of recruitment. RESULTS: The median age of the 421 recruited men was 28 years (range: 18-62 years). They reported a median of 6 sexual partners (range: 2-39) during the past 3 months, and 51% (confidence interval: 45.0 to 59.6) reported inconsistent condom use with their casual partners. During the 3 months before the survey, 98% of men reported having concurrent sexual relationships. HIV prevalence was 12.3% (confidence interval: 8.3% to 16.9%). Being older than 24 years and not using a condom during the last sexual intercourse with a 1-time sexual partner were significantly associated with HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: This group of heterosexual urban men practice high levels of risky sexual behavior and are an important group that require more targeted HIV surveillance and prevention interventions. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | HETEROSEXUALS | MEN | URBAN POPULATION | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | CONDOM USE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Sexual Partners | Risk Reduction Behavior Document Number: 342370 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Understanding the context of male and transgender sex work using peer ethnography. Author: Collumbien M; Quereshi AA; Mayhew SH; Rizvi N; Rabbani A; Rolfe B; Verma RK; Rehman H; Naveed-i-Rahat Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009 Apr;85(Suppl 2):ii3-ii7. Abstract: Objectives: To distinguish between three distinct groups of male and transgender sex workers in Pakistan and to demonstrate how members of these stigmatised groups need to be engaged in the research process to go beyond stated norms of behaviour. Methods: A peer ethnography study was undertaken in a major city in Pakistan. 15 male and 15 transgender sex workers were trained as peer researchers to each interview three peers in their network. Analysis was based on interviews with peer researchers as well as observation of dynamics during training and analysis workshops. Results: The research process revealed that, within the epidemiological category of biological males who sell sex, there are three sociologically different sexual identities: khusras (transgender), khotkis (feminised males) and banthas (mainstream male identity). Both khusras and khotkis are organised in strong social structures based on a shared identity. While these networks provide emotional and material support, they also come with rigid group norms based on expected "feminine" behaviours. In everyday reality, sex workers showed fluidity in both behaviour and identity according to the situational context, transgressing both wider societal and group norms. The informal observational component in peer ethnography was crucial for the accurate interpretation of interview data. Participant accounts of behaviour and relationships are shaped by the research contexts including who interviews them, at what stage of familiarity and who may overhear the conversation. Conclusions: To avoid imposing a "false clarity" on categorisation of identity and assumed behaviour, it is necessary to go beyond verbal accounts to document the fluidity of everyday reality. Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | MEN | SOCIAL NETWORKS | HOMOSEXUALS | SEX WORKERS | PEER GROUPS | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | STIGMA | WORKSHOPS | VALUE ORIENTATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Social Problems | Education | Psychological Factors Document Number: 340119 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: Is phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor use associated with condom breakage? Author: Crosby R; Yarber WL; Sanders SA; Graham CA Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009 Sep;85(5):404-5. Abstract: We tested the hypothesis that phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) use would be associated with increased likelihood of condom breakage using an event-specific analysis. A convenience sample of 440 men completed an internet-based questionnaire that assessed variables pertaining to the last time they used condoms for penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI). A bivariate (screening) analysis was performed to identify covariates for a multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Altogether, 5.9% of the men reported breakage and 9.5% reported PDE5i use during the last time a condom was used for PVI. Among men who had used PDE5i during the last condom-protected occasion of PVI, 11.9% reported breakage compared with 5.3% of those not reporting PDE5i use. Adjusting for men's age, ethnic minority status, marital status, reported duration of PVI and alcohol use at last PVI, those using PDE5i were about four times more likely to also report condom breakage (AOR 4.02; 95% CI 1.20 to 13.48; p = 0.04). Of note, duration of PVI was independently associated with breakage (AOR 1.36; CI 1.02 to 1.83; p = 0.04). Findings suggest that PDE5i use may potentially be associated with increased odds of condom breakage among some men. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | MEN | CONDOM FAILURE | RISK FACTORS | DRUGS | GENITAL EFFECTS, MALE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | MARITAL STATUS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Demographic Factors | Population | Condoms | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Health | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Genitalia, Male | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Behavior | Nuptiality Document Number: 342845 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration, Standard and Gendered STI/HIV Risk Behavior, and STI/HIV Diagnosis Among A Clinic-Based Sample of Men. Author: Decker M; Seage G 3rd; Hemenway D; Gupta J; Raj A; Silverman JG Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009 Jul 21; Abstract: BACKGROUND: The estimated one in three women worldwide victimized by intimate partner violence (IPV) consistently demonstrate elevated STI/HIV prevalence; abusive male partners' risky sexual behaviors and subsequent infection are implicated. Little empirical data exist to characterize men's sexual risk as it relates to violence perpetration and STI/HIV. METHODS: Data from a survey of men ages 18-35 recruited from three community-based health clinics in an urban area (n=1585) were analyzed to assess the prevalence of IPV perpetration and relations of such violent behavior with both standard (e.g., anal sex, injection drug use) and gendered (e.g., coercive condom practices, sexual infidelity) forms of sexual risk, and STI/HIV diagnosis. RESULTS: Approximately one third of participants (32.7%) reported perpetrating violence against an intimate partner in their lifetime; 1 in 8 (12.4%) participants reported history of STI/HIV diagnosis. Men's IPV perpetration related to both standard and gendered STI/HIV risk behaviors (AORS 1.72 to 6.22) and to STI/HIV diagnosis (OR 4.85, 95% CI 3.54, 6.66). In a multivariate model, the association of men's IPV perpetration with STI/HIV diagnosis was partially attenuated (AOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.77, 3.67), and a subset of gendered sexual risk behaviors were found to be independently related to STI/HIV diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Men's perpetration of violence against intimate partners is common among this population. Abusive men are at increased risk for STI/HIV, with gendered forms of sexual risk behavior partially responsible. Findings indicate the need for interwoven sexual health promotion and violence prevention efforts targeted to men that include addressing gendered sexual risk. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PREVALENCE | WOMEN | MEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | RISK FACTORS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | NEEDS | Research Methodology | Measurement | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Economic Factors Document Number: 342227 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: Youth, unemployment, and male gender predict mortality in AIDS patients started on HAART in Nigeria. Author: DeSilva MB; Merry SP; Fischer PR; Rohrer JE; Isichei CO; Cha SS Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Jan;21(1):70-7. Abstract: This retrospective study identifies risk factors for mortality in a cohort of HIV-positive adult patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Jos, Nigeria. We analyzed clinical data from a cohort of 1552 patients enrolled in a HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome treatment program and started on HAART between December 2004 and 30 April 2006. Death was our study endpoint. Patients were followed in the study until death, being lost to follow-up, or the end of data collection, 1 December 2006. Baseline patient characteristics were compared using Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test for continuous variables and Pearson Chi-Square test for categorical variables to determine if certain demographic factors were associated with more rapid progression to death. The Cox proportional hazard multivariate model analysis was used to find risk factors. As of 1 December 2006, a total of 104 cases progressed to death. In addition to the expected association of CD4 count less than 50 at initiation of therapy and active tuberculosis with mortality, the patient characteristics independently associated with a more rapid progression to death after initiation of HAART were male gender, age less than 30 years old, and unemployment or unknown occupation status. Future research is needed to identify the confounding variables that may be amenable to targeted interventions aimed at ameliorating these health disparities. Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | YOUTH | MEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | UNEMPLOYMENT | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | MORTALITY | DEATH | GENDER ISSUES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Employment | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | HIV | Population Dynamics | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 331211 |
| 20. Title: Factor structure of the Condoms Barriers Scale with a sample of men at high risk for HIV. Author: Doyle SR; Calsyn DA; Ball SA Source: Assessment. 2009 Mar;16(1):3-15. Abstract: This study assesses the psychometric properties of the Condom Barriers Scale (CBS), an instrument originally designed to measure women's perceptions and attitudes regarding male condom use, with a sample of men at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Participants include 590 male patients in drug abuse treatment involved in a gender-specific HIV prevention intervention for teaching safer sex skills. Second-order confirmatory factor analysis generally supported the underlying four-factor subscale structure of the CBS. However, exploratory factor analysis revealed a few specific discrepancies in the factor structure between men and women. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability estimates were moderate to high in value. CBS scores correlated with use of condoms for men with high-risk sexual partners, supporting criterion-related validity. Overall, the analysis indicates that the CBS is a potentially valid and reliable instrument and has utility for assessing barriers to condom use with men, but may need some item content modifications to allow appropriate assessment of gender differences and comparisons across studies. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | RELIABILITY | PRE-POST TESTS | MEN | CONDOMS | SEX EDUCATION | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | BARRIER METHODS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Measurement | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Education | Behavior | Diseases Document Number: 330489 |
| 21. Title: [An uncommon localization of pyoderma gangrenosum on the penis of an HIV infected patient in the Ivory Coast] L'atteinte du penis, une localisation rare du pyoderma gangrenosum: a propos d'un Author: Ecra E; Ahogo KC; Sangare A; Kaloga M; Kassi K; Kouame K; Kacou DE; Gbery IP; Yoboue YP; Kanga JM Source: Bulletin De La Societe De Pathologie Exotique. 2009 May;102(2):85-7. Abstract: Pyoderma gangrenosum is an uncommon chronic ulcerative dermatosis with unknown aetiology and with a pathology which is still obscure. In 15-45% of cases, it is related to intestinal chronic inflammatory disease (MICI), to a systemic disease that it can sometimes reveals or to an immunodeficiency This disease starts whether with a pustule, a bubble or a nodule which leads during its evolvement to a superficial ulceration with clear edges. Its diagnosis is easy and is mainly clinical. It is a disease which is localized preferably in lower limbs. Treatment is mainly based on oral route corticotherapy. We report a case of gangrenosum pyoderma localized on the penis in a 43-year-old HIV infected patient. It is an uncommon localization, misleading and delicate. We have treated successfully this patient by oral corticotherapy combined with local antiseptic treatments for 6 months. Language: French Keywords: COTE D'IVOIRE | RESEARCH REPORT | MEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | GENITAL EFFECTS, MALE | UROGENITAL EFFECTS | GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS | TREATMENT | DRUGS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Genitalia, Male | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 342812 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: Mobilizing men as partners: the results of an intervention to increase dual protection among Nigerian men. Author: Exner TM; Mantell JE; Adeokun LA; Udoh IA; Ladipo OA; Delano GE; Faleye J; Akinpelu K Source: Health Education Research. 2009 Apr 9; Abstract: This quasi-experimental, proof-of-concept study evaluated the effects of an intervention designed to help Nigerian men decrease risk for HIV/sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. The intervention was delivered in groups during two 5-hour workshops, with a monthly 2-hour check-in session. A comparison condition consisted of a group-based half-day didactic workshop. Based on recruitment area, 149 men were assigned to the intervention and 132 to the comparison. Men were evaluated at baseline and 3-month post-intervention. At follow-up, men assigned to the intervention were almost four times more likely than comparison men to report condom use at last intercourse (P < 0.001) and to report fewer unprotected vaginal sex occasions, greater self-efficacy for negotiation, a more egalitarian power dynamic in their primary relationship, more positive expectations for condom use and greater intention for future consistent condom use (all P values < 0.05). Findings suggest that this intervention is both feasible and effective. Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | MEN | SEXUAL PARTNERS | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | HIV PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | WORKSHOPS | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Risk Reduction Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning | Education | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 341487 |
| 23. Peer Reviewed Title: HIV/AIDS epidemic features and trends in iran, 1986-2006. Author: Fallahzadeh H; Morowatisharifabad M; Ehrampoosh MH Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Apr;13(2):297-302. Abstract: This study describes the reported HIV/AIDS data for all verified cases in Iran between 1986 and 2006. The cumulative number of the reported cases of HIV/AIDS among Iranians, up to the end of September 2006 was 13,702. Over the 20-year surveillance period, the rate of HIV/AIDS infections diagnosed annually among Iranian citizens gradually increased and, over the period 1997-2004, it reached from 1.38 to 4.6 cases per 100,000 populations per year. Our findings highlight the need for intensified HIV prevention efforts with men who use drugs via injection and strengthened efforts to encourage the individual at risk to get tested for HIV. Language: English Keywords: IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | IV DRUG USERS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | MEN | PREVALENCE | HIV INFECTIONS | EPIDEMICS | INCIDENCE | HIV TESTING | Middle East | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Demographic Factors | Population | Measurement | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 340129 |
| 24. Peer Reviewed Title: Development of a scrotal vasocutaneous fistula producing viable spermatozoa 9 years after vasectomy. Author: Gaden S; Kasraie J Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2009 Mar;91(3):929.e17-9. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of scrotal vasocutaneous fistula discharging viable sperm. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: A hospital-based assisted conception center. PATIENT(S): A 37-year-old male presenting for fertility treatment 9 years after vasectomy with a scrotal vasocutaneous fistula that caused a painful, intermittently rupturing, subcutaneous cyst. INTERVENTION(S): Analysis of fistula discharge and planned fistula resection with vasovasostomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Diagnostic semen analysis to determine presence or absence of spermatozoa in fistula discharge. RESULT(S): A very low concentration of live spermatozoa were identified in the fistula discharge. CONCLUSIONS(S): We believe this is the first time that live spermatozoa, potentially suitable for assisted conception treatment using intracytoplasmic sperm injection have been identified in the discharge from a vasocutaneous fistula. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | MEN | VASECTOMY | SPERMATOZOA | FISTULA | TREATMENT | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Male Sterilization | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Germ Cells | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 341006 |
| 25. Title: Circumcision and sexual behavior: factors independently associated with human papillomavirus detection among men in the HIM study. Author: Giuliano AR; Lazcano E; Villa LL; Flores R; Salmeron J; Lee JH; Papenfuss M; Abrahamsen M; Baggio ML; Silva R; Quiterio M Source: International Journal of Cancer. 2009 Mar 15;124(6):1251-7. Abstract: There is growing interest in understanding human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related disease among men. To date there have been numerous studies reporting HPV DNA prevalence among men from several different countries, however, few have incorporated multivariable analyses to determine factors independently associated with male HPV detection. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors independently associated with HPV detection in men ages 18-70 years residing in Brazil (n = 343), Mexico (n = 312), and the United States (US) (n = 333). In samples combined from the coronal sulcus, glans penis, shaft, and scrotum, we evaluated factors associated with any, oncogenic, and nononcogenic HPV infections. In multivariable analyses, detection of any HPV infection was significantly associated with reported race of Asian/Pacific Islander, lifetime and recent number of sexual partners, and having sex in the past 3 months. Oncogenic HPV detection was independently associated with lifetime and recent number of sexual partners, and having sex in the past 3 months. NonOncogenic HPV infection was independently associated with lifetime number of sexual partners. Circumcision, assessed by clinical examination, was associated with reduced risk of HPV detection across all categories of HPV evaluated. HPV detection in men in the current study was strongly related to sexual behavior and circumcision status. Interventions such as circumcision may provide a low-cost method to reduce HPV infection. Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | MEN | ASIANS | MALE CIRCUMCISION | SEX BEHAVIOR | PREVALENCE | RISK BEHAVIOR | RISK FACTORS | HPV | Americas | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | North America | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Measurement | Biology | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 330377 |
| 26. Title: HIV seroprevalence and associated risk factors among male inmates at the Belize Central Prison. Author: Gough E; Edwards P Source: Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública / Pan American Journal of Public Health. 2009 Apr;25(4):292-299. Abstract: To determine the seroprevalence of HIV and identify associated risk factors among inmates at the Belize Central Prison, managed by the Kolbe Foundation, Belize. METHODS: A voluntary sample of 623 participants was obtained from the male inmate population incarcerated during the period from 15 January to 5 March 2005. HIV serostatus was determined on location using the Abbott Determine Assay for HIV-1/2 for screening, and the MedMira MiraWell Rapid HIV-1/2 Test for confirmatory testing. Remaining serum was tested by ELISA at the Central Medical Laboratory, Belize. Demographic and risk behavior data were collected using an interviewer administered pre-tested questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders and to identify independent associations with HIV seropositivity. RESULTS:Of the 623 inmates in the sample, 25 tested positive for HIV-1/2 antibody for a seroprevalence of 4.0% (95% Confidence Interval 2.7, 6.0). After adjustment for confounding, HIV serostatus was positively associated with male-to-male sexual activity outside prison, age, and district of residence before current incarceration. CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence in the Central Prison was almost twice that estimated for the adult population of Belize in 2004 (2.4%). However, the social variables of importance to inmates appeared to reflect the epidemic in the general population, with the exception that male-to-male sex outside prison is likely more important to the male inmate population in Belize. The findings suggest that HIV is likely contracted by most inmates before their incarceration, largely due to same-sex activity. Language: English Keywords: BELIZE | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | PRISONERS | MEN | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | Developing Countries | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Health | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior Document Number: 341875 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: Prevalence of needle sharing, commercial sex behaviors and associated factors in Chinese male and female injecting drug user populations. Author: Gu J; Wang R; Chen H; Lau JT; Zhang L; Hu X; Lei Z; Li Z; Cai H; Wang T; Tsui H Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Jan;21(1):31-41. Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate prevalence and associated factors of commercial sex behaviors and condom use at commercial sex, as well as prevalence of needle sharing among injecting drug users (IDUs) in China. In this study, 162 IDUs were recruited by peer workers in Dazhou, Sichuan and were anonymously interviewed by using a structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed and interaction between gender and the studied independent variables were tested for significance. The results of this study showed that the male and female respondents, respectively 11.7 and 16.9% were HIV positive; 34.0 and 40.7% engaged in commercial sex and 23.3 and 11.9% shared needles with others in the last six months. Percent using a condom in the last episode of commercial sex was 30.3% for males and 76.2% for females. The multivariate analyses showed that higher drug dosage (OR=0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9) and reduced sexual drive (OR=0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9) were associated with lower likelihood for commercial sex among male IDUs while higher drug dosage (OR=9.1, 95% CI: 1.0-86.0), perceived difficulty in finding a job (OR=5.1, 95% CI: 1.3-20.1) and lack of family support (OR=4.0, 95% CI: 1.1-15.4) were associated with commercial sex among female IDUs. Similarly, unknown HIV status (OR=8.2, 95% CI: 1.7-9.2) and having a regular sex partner (OR=3.7, 95% CI: 1.3-10.9) was associated with needle sharing. It is concluded that male and female IDUs were sexually active and often engaged in commercial sex. Drug dosage and reduced sexual drive were relevant but did not stop commercial sex behaviors. More supportive social environment is required to prevent female IDUs to enter sex work. Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | MEN | WOMEN | IV DRUG USERS | SEX WORKERS | SEX BEHAVIOR | NEEDLE SHARING | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Risk Behavior Document Number: 331213 |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Multicenter Contraceptive Efficacy Trial of Injectable Testosterone Undecanoate in Chinese Men. Author: Gu Y; Liang X; Wu W; Liu M; Song S; Cheng L; Bo L; Xiong C; Wang X; Liu X; Peng L; Yao K Source: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2009 Jun;94(6):1910-1915. Abstract: Context: Hormonal male contraceptive regimens effectively and reversibly suppress sperm production but there are few large-scale efficacy studies. Objective: The safety, contraceptive efficacy, reversibility and feasibility of injectable testosterone undecanoate (TU) in tea seed oil as a hormonal male contraceptive was assessed. Design: This was a mutilcenter, phase III, contraceptive efficacy clinical trial. Participants: 1045 healthy fertile Chinese men were recruited throughout China into the study. Intervention(s): Monthly injections of 500 mg TU, administered for 30 months. A definition of severe oligozoospermia (Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | MEN | INJECTABLES | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | REVERSIBLE STERILIZATION | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | SPERMATOGENESIS BLOCKING AGENTS | TESTIS | SEMEN | HORMONES | TIME FACTORS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents | Safety | Public Health | Health | Sterilization, Sexual | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Genitalia, Male | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Seminal Vesicles | Endocrine System | Population Dynamics Document Number: 330735 |
| 29. Title: Childbearing and contraceptive decision making amongst Afghan men and women: a qualitative analysis. Author: Haider S; Todd C; Ahmadzai M; Rahimi S; Azfar P; Morris JL; Miller S Source: Health Care For Women International. 2009 Oct;30(10):935-53. Abstract: Afghanistan has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios and lowest contraceptive prevalence rates globally. Limited information is known regarding Afghan men and women's attitudes toward childbearing, child spacing, and contraceptive use, which is essential for delivery of appropriate services. We conducted a qualitative study among postpartum couples enrolled at maternity hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan. We identified important themes that highlight the complex inter-relationship between acknowledged risks of childbearing, desire for family planning, rationales for limited contraceptive use, and sociocultural barriers to contraceptive use. We offer practical recommendations for application of findings toward family planning and maternal mortality reduction programs. Language: English Keywords: AFGHANISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | MEN | WOMEN | COUPLES | POSTPARTUM | DECISION MAKING | BIRTH SPACING | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Puerperium | Reproduction | Behavior | Family Planning | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraception | Economic Factors Document Number: 342710 |
| 30. Peer Reviewed Title: Herpes simplex virus-2 infection in male rural migrants in Shanghai, China. Author: He N; Cao H; Yin Y; Gao M; Zhang T; Detels R Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Feb;20(2):112-4. Abstract: The overall herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 seroprevalence was 5.5% among male rural migrants working in construction sites, markets and factories, 5.4% among those reporting having had sexual intercourse and 5.8% among those reporting no sexual intercourse. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicate that migrants having higher income were more likely to have HSV-2 infection. None of the HSV-2-positives realized their infection status. Future sexually transmitted disease (STD) intervention programmes should target migrants with higher income and migrant market vendors and should not exclude those who self-report no STDs or no history of sexual intercourse. Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | RURAL POPULATION | MIGRANT WORKERS | MEN | HERPES GENITALIS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases Document Number: 331171 |
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