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Title: Does where you live influence what you know? Community effects on health knowledge in Ghana.
Author: Andrzejewski CS; Reed HE; White MJ
Source: Health and Place. 2009 Mar;15(1):228-38.
Abstract: This paper examines community effects on health knowledge in a developing country setting. We examine knowledge about the etiology and prevention of child illnesses using a unique 2002 representative survey of communities and households in Ghana. We find that community context matters appreciably, even after adjusting for the anticipated positive effects of an individual's education, literacy, media exposure and household socioeconomic status. The proportion of literate adults and the presence of a market in a community positively influence a person's health knowledge. In other words, even if a person herself is not literate, living in a community with high levels of literacy or a regular market can still positively affect her health knowledge. Our results suggest that social networks and diffusion play a key role in these community effects. In turn, these results offer policy implications for Ghana and sub-Saharan Africa.
Language: English
Keywords:
GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | COMMUNITY | CHILDREN | SOCIAL NETWORKS | KNOWLEDGE | LOCALE | CHILD HEALTH | DISEASE PREVENTION | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | LITERACY | MASS MEDIA | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | SOCIAL POLICY | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Prevention and Control | Diseases | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication | Policy | Political Factors
Document Number: 330296

Peer Reviewed

Title: Media saturation, communication exposure and HIV stigma in Nigeria.
Author: Babalola S; Fatusi A; Anyanti J
Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 Apr;68(8):1513-20.
Abstract: HIV-related stigma constitutes an impediment to public health as it hampers HIV/AIDS control efforts in many ways. To address the complex problems of increasing HIV infection rate, widespread misinformation about the infection and the rising level of HIV-related stigma, the various tiers of government in Nigeria are working with local and international non-governmental organizations to develop and implement strategic communication programs. This paper assesses the link between these communication efforts and HIV-related stigma using data from a nationally representative household survey. The results show that accepting attitudes towards people living with HIV are more prevalent among men than among women. Exposure to HIV-related communication on the media is associated with increased knowledge about HIV, which is in turn a strong predictor of accepting attitudes. Communication exposure also has a significant and positive association with accepting attitudes towards people living with HIV. In contrast, community media saturation is not strongly linked with accepting attitudes for either sex. The findings strongly suggest that media-based HIV programs constitute an effective strategy to combat HIV/AIDS-related stigma and should therefore be intensified in Nigeria.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | HOUSEHOLDS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | STIGMA | MASS MEDIA | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | ATTITUDES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems | Communication | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 341694

Title: Exposure to information and communication about HIV/AIDS and perceived credibility of information sources among young people in northern Tanzania.
Author: Bastien S; Leshabari MT; Klepp KI
Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2009;8(2):213-222.
Abstract: A structured face-to-face interview was completed by 993 young people out of school, between the ages of 13 and 18, in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; additionally, the questionnaire was self-administered by 1,007 students attending either their last year of primary or first year of secondary school. Significant factors associated with the frequency of exposure to HIV/AIDS information and frequency of communication about HIV/AIDS included urban/rural location, sex, socio-economic status, and educational attainment. Both groups ranked the radio as the most frequent source of HIV/AIDS information. The in-school group reported significantly more frequent exposure to all sources of HIV/AIDS information, and they communicated more frequently about the topic than did the out-of-school group. The in-school group gave high credibility ratings to medical doctors, the radio, and parents as sources of information, whereas the out-of-school group attributed the most credibility to the mass media. Irrespective of school attendance, the young people ranked friends, parents, and doctors as preferred communicators of sexual and reproductive health information.
Language: English
Keywords:
TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTHS | STUDENTS | HIV INFECTIONS | INFORMATION SOURCES | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | INTERVIEWS | KNOWLEDGE | MASS MEDIA | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Education | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Information | Communication | Data Collection | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 339889

5.
Title: Emergency contraception - knowledge in medical students [letter]
Author: Sharma JB; Bahadur A; Chadha S; Mehta S; Mittal S
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2009 Mar;63(3):115-7.
Abstract: Emergency contraception (EC) is a method of contraception that can be used to prevent pregnancy after an unprotected act of sexual intercourse. Recent multicentric and WHO sponsored studies have found a dose of 0.75 mg of levonorgestrel (LNG) repeated 12 hours after the first dose and within 72 hours of exposure as the preferred method of contraception, being more effective and much better tolerated than Yuzpe regimen, which contained high doses of estrogen and progesterone. At present LNG-only regimen has become the first progesterone only tablet especially developed for post-coital contraception and is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and the Drug Controller of India LNG-ECP is available as a 2-pill pack, each tablet containing 0.75 mg of LNG, and can be used as a 2-dose regimen preferably within 72 hours but not later than 120 hours of exposure. It can also be used as a single dose (1.5 mg LNG) within 72 hours but not later than 120 hours of exposure. It has been made available as an over-the-counter drug for popularizing it and is also available free of cost in most government hospitals. We conducted this open-ended questionnaire survey which was pre-validated over 100 medical students [31 interns, 61 fourth professional and 8 third professional] of Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, to assess their knowledge on various aspects of emergency contraception as per a fixed questionnaire. In this medical college, obstetricians and gynecologists were taught about contraception, including emergency contraception, in the third and fourth professionals. A total of 130 interns and fourth and third professional students were requested to participate, of which 100 (76.92%) agreed to participate and 30 did not participate due to lack of time or were not interested. Age of participants was between 21 and 24 years. Out of the 100 participants, 64 were boys; and 36, girls. They were asked about the knowledge of EC, source of knowledge of EC, including their knowledge about the best method of EC, method licensed by the Government of India for EC, dosage and free availability of EC, its cost and also their opinion about popularizing EC among the general population. ...The current study clearly shows that though the medical students were aware of EC, there is still lack of awareness of LNG being the right drug for EC, its dosage and regimen and various other aspects of EC amongst medical students in a well-known teaching hospital of Delhi. The awareness is bound to be even poorer in medical students of remote regions. Questionnaires and surveys have been used to know the views of doctors and patients, and important data have been collected by their use about their knowledge of various aspects of obstetrics and gynecology, including emergency contraceptives and urogynecology. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MEDICAL STUDENTS | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | KNOWLEDGE | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | TIME FACTORS | COUNSELING | INFORMATION SOURCES | PRICES | MASS MEDIA | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Students | Education | Contraception | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Information | Commerce | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication
Document Number: 331006

Peer Reviewed

Title: Adolescent reproductive health in Indonesia: contested values and policy inaction.
Author: Utomo ID; McDonald P
Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Jun;40(2):133-146.
Abstract: This study examines the changing social and political context of adolescent sexual and reproductive health policy in Indonesia. We describe how, in 2001, Indonesia was on the brink of implementing an adolescent reproductive health policy that was consistent with international agreements to which the Indonesian government was a party. Although the health of young Indonesians was known to be at risk, the opportunity for reform passed quickly with the emergence of a new competing force, Middle Eastern fundamentalist Islam. Faced with the risk of regional separatism and competing politico-religious influences, the Indonesian government retreated to the safety of inaction in this area of policy. In the absence of a supportive and committed political environment that reinforces policy specifically targeted to young people's reproductive health, extremist approaches that involve considerable health risk prevailed. The sexual and reproductive values and behaviors that are emerging among single young people in contemporary Indonesia are conditioned by a political context that allows the conflicting forces of traditional Indonesian values, Westernization, and the strong emerging force of fundamentalist Islam to compete for the allegiance of young people.
Language: English
Keywords:
INDONESIA | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH POLICY | ISLAM | POLITICAL FACTORS | SOCIAL CHANGE | LEGISLATION | SEXUALITY | SEX EDUCATION | MASS MEDIA | VALUE ORIENTATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Policy | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Education | Communication
Document Number: 341897

Title: Sources of information and health beliefs related to SARS and avian influenza among Chinese communities in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands, compared to the general population in these countries.
Author: Voeten HA; de Zwart O; Veldhuijzen IK; Yuen C; Jiang X; Elam G; Abraham T; Brug J
Source: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2009;16(1):49-57.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Ethnic minorities in Europe such as the Chinese may need a special strategy with regard to risk communication about emerging infectious diseases. To engage them in precautionary actions, it is important to know their information sources, knowledge, and health beliefs. PURPOSE: This study's purpose is to study the use of information sources, knowledge, and health beliefs related to SARS and avian flu of Chinese people in the UK and The Netherlands, and to make comparisons with the general population in these countries. METHOD: Results of a self-administered questionnaire among 300 British/Dutch Chinese were compared to data obtained from a computer-assisted phone survey among the general population (n = 800). RESULTS: British/Dutch Chinese got most information about emerging diseases from family and friends, followed by Chinese media and British/Dutch TV. They had less confidence than general groups in their doctor, government agencies, and consumer/patient interest groups. Their knowledge of SARS was high. They had a lower perceived threat than general populations with regard to SARS and avian flu due to a lower perceived severity. They had higher self-efficacy beliefs regarding SARS and avian flu. CONCLUSION: In case of new outbreaks of SARS/avian flu in China, local authorities in the UK and The Netherlands can best reach Chinese people through informal networks and British/Dutch TV, while trying to improve confidence in information from the government. In communications, the severity of the disease rather than the susceptibility appears to need most attention.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | NETHERLANDS | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | FOCUS GROUPS | ETHNIC GROUPS | INFLUENZA | VIRAL DISEASES | INFORMATION SOURCES | KNOWLEDGE | BELIEFS | PERCEPTION | MASS MEDIA | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Information | Sociocultural Factors | Culture | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Communication
Document Number: 342004

Peer Reviewed

Title: Survey of motivation for use of voluntary counseling and testing services for HIV in a high risk area of Shenyang, China.
Author: Zhou L; Guo J; Fan L; Tian J; Zhou B
Source: BMC Health Services Research. 2009;9:23.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is considered an effective prevention method of HIV infection. In order to understand the VCT environment and enhance the effective delivery of VCT services in a country, an accurate assessment of the current status of VCT services is very important. METHODS: From July 2006 to June 2007, we conducted a cross-sectional survey using a face to face interview among 2676 VCT clients from a high risk area in Shenyang city, China. RESULTS: The major demographic characteristics among 2,676 VCT clients were: 41.1% were in the age range 20 to 30 years; 73.1% were males; and 67.1% had attained the level of junior high school education. The primary information source for VCT services was mass media like television (TV) and newspaper in 88.9%. 34.3% were afraid of the result of infection which was the main barrier to accept VCT services among 540 participants answering the question. 75.2% were motivated by recently acquired knowledge about HIV. 47.9% had 3 or more male sex partners, 62.3% had used condoms sometimes, and 14.5% had been infected with a STD. 2.8% of the participants identified themselves as men who have sex with men (MSM). The main demographic characteristics of MSM did not differ from the total group of participants except with respect to age: 63.5% reported having one male sex partner in the preceding 12 months, 44.6% reported never using condoms in the preceding 12 months, and only 2.7% reported a history of sexually transmitted disease. CONCLUSION: Public education offered by health workers in hospitals, private clinics and other medical institutions needs to be strengthened. Given the results from this study, we recommend: (1) making VCT a routine part of health services, especially in areas where many high-risk individuals live; (2) improving the information sources and increasing the understanding of HIV and HIV-infected individuals; (3) enhancing international collaboration in strategic planning, technical assistance, and protocols to translate policy into effective action; (4) supporting Chinese non-government organizations (NGOs) in playing a significant role in the battle against AIDS.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | MOTIVATION | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | MASS MEDIA | INFORMATION SOURCES | FEAR | KNOWLEDGE | CONDOM USE | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Sexual Partners | Psychological Factors | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Communication | Information | Emotions | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior
Document Number: 330989

10.

Title: Improving youth education and services.
Author: Family Health International [FHI]
Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, FHI, 2008. [2] p. (FHI Briefs: Menu of PracticesUSAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-05-00022-0)
Abstract: Young people are a critically important population group to address when considering education and services for better reproductive health options. Youth are at significant risk of unintended pregnancy and exposure to sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Inside or outside of marriage, more than half of young women in sub-Saharan Africa and a third in Latin America and the Caribbean deliver their first child before age 20. Every day, 5,000 young people ages 15 to 24 become infected with HIV, representing almost two million new infections each year. Strategies to improve reproductive health and family planning services for young people can address these growing problems and improve their sexual and reproductive health. These supportive strategies should also segment educational activities to the appropriate age group, ensure that program activities address desired outcomes, reduce gender inequities, and reinforce protective factors such as parental involvement and education.
Language: English
Keywords:
LATIN AMERICA | CARIBBEAN | AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RECOMMENDATIONS | YOUTH | PARTICIPATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HIV PREVENTION | MASS MEDIA | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | PROMOTION | PEER EDUCATORS | Americas | Developing Countries | Africa | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Behavior | Behavior | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication | Marketing | Economic Factors | Education
Document Number: 331522

11.

Title: Social marketing final report: three country overview.
Author: Georgetown University. Institute for Reproductive Health. AWARENESS Project
Source: Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, 2008 Mar. [40] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00011-00)
Abstract: While unmet need is growing in sub-Saharan Africa, where contraceptive prevalence is lowest, unmet need remains even in countries where contraceptive prevalence is high, such as in Latin America. Due to rapid growth in the population and increase in the numbers of couples interested in planning and spacing births, reproductive health programs in developing countries face a major challenge: to provide a greater variety of products and services to a rapidly increasing number of users. This challenge must be met in the context of stagnant or decreasing donor funding for contraception. Thus, efforts to meet this unmet need must involve cost-effectively expanding options and access to couples. Social marketing concepts have been successfully applied to increase access and use of many modern contraceptives. The present study was conducted to research the potential of socially-marketing the Standard Days Method� (SDM) in three countries: Ecuador, Benin and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The impact of mass media campaigns on knowledge, sales and distribution of the SDM, quality of information provided by pharmacists and providers, and correct use by pharmacy and clinic SDM users was assessed. The aim of the study was to answer the following research questions: What is the impact of a mass media campaign on knowledge, attitudes, sales and free distribution of the SDM?; Can pharmacists and health providers provide high quality information about the SDM?; How do characteristics of women who purchase the SDM from pharmacies compare with those obtain it at a lower or no cost from a clinic?; Can women who purchase the SDM from a pharmacy use the method correctly? (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | LATIN AMERICA | EVALUATION REPORT | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | SOCIAL MARKETING | FERTILITY AWARENESS | COST EFFECTIVENESS | MASS MEDIA | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | CLINICAL DISTRIBUTION | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | Africa | Developing Countries | Americas | Evaluation | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Marketing | Family Planning | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Communication | Education | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Contraception
Document Number: 327650

12.

13.

Title: Tobacco use among students aged 13 - 15 years - Sri Lanka, 1999 - 2007.
Author: United States. Center for Disease Control [CDC]
Source: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2008 May 23;57(20):545-549.
Abstract: Tobacco use is one of the major preventable causes of premature death and disease in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) attributes approximately 5 million deaths per year to tobacco use, a number expected to exceed 8 million per year by 2030. In 1999, the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was initiated by WHO, CDC, and the Canadian Public Health Association to monitor tobacco use, attitudes about tobacco use, and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) among students aged 13-15 years. Since 1999, the survey has been completed by approximately 2 million students in 151 countries. A key goal of GYTS is for countries to repeat the survey every 4 years. This report summarizes results from GYTS conducted in Sri Lanka in 1999, 2003, and 2007. The findings indicated that during 1999-2007, the percentage of students aged 13-15 years who reported current cigarette smoking decreased, from 4.0% in 1999 to 1.2% in 2007. During this period, the percentage of never smokers in this age group likely to initiate smoking also decreased, from 5.1% in 1999 to 3.7% in 2007. Future declines in tobacco use in Sri Lanka will be enhanced through development and implementation of new tobacco-control measures and strengthening of existing measures that encourage smokers to quit, eliminate exposure to SHS, and encourage persons not to initiate tobacco use. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
SRI LANKA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | STUDENTS | WHO | TOBACCO USE | EXPOSURE | MASS MEDIA | SEX FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Risk Factors | Biology | Communication | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 327213

14.

Title: Repositioning family planning: Guidelines for advocacy action. Le repositionnement de la planification familiale: Directives pour actions de plaidoyer.
Author: World Health Organization [WHO]. Regional Office for Africa; Population Reference Bureau [PRB]. Bringing Information to Decisionmakers for Global Effectiveness [BRIDGE]; Academy for Educational Development [AED]. Africa's Health in 2010
Source: Washington, D.C., Academy for Educational Development [AED], 2008. 64 p. Also available in French: http://www.prb.org/pdf08/familyplanningadvocacytoolkit_FR.pdf
Abstract: Countries throughout Africa are engaged in an important initiative to reposition family planning as a priority on their national and local agendas. Provision of family planning services in Africa is hindered by poverty, poor access to services and commodities, conflicts, poor coordination of the programmes, and dwindling donor funding. Although family planning enhances efforts to improve health and accelerate development, shifting international priorities, health sector reform, the HIV/AIDS crisis, and other factors have affected its importance in recent years. Traditional beliefs favouring high fertility, religious barriers, and lack of male involvement have weakened family planning interventions. The combination of these factors has led to low contraceptive use, high fertility rates in many countries, and high unmet needs for family planning throughout the region. Family planning advocates must take action to change this situation. Family planning, considered an essential component of primary health care and reproductive health, plays a major role in reducing maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality and transmission of HIV. It contributes to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals and the targets of the Health-for-All Policy for the 21st century in the Africa Region: Agenda 2020. In recognition of its importance, the World Health Organisation Regional Office for Africa developed a framework (2005-014) for accelerated action to reposition family planning on national agendas and in reproductive health services, which was adopted by African ministers of health in 2004. The framework calls for increase in efforts to advocate for recognition of "the pivotal role of family planning" in achieving health and development objectives at all levels. This toolkit aims to help those working in family planning across Africa to effectively advocate for renewed emphasis on family planning to enhance the visibility, availability, and quality of family planning services for increased contraceptive use and healthy timing and spacing of births, and ultimately, improved quality of life across the region. It was developed in response to requests from several countries to assist them in accelerating their family planning advocacy efforts.
French Abstract: Les pays Africains se sont engag�s � prendre l'initiative importante de repositionner la planification familiale comme une priorit� de leurs agendas nationaux et locaux. La fourniture de services de planification familiale en Afrique est entrav�e par la pauvret�, l'acc�s limit� aux biens et services, les conflits, la mauvaise coordination des programmes et la diminution du financement des donateurs. Bien que la planification familiale permette de renforcer les efforts d�ploy�s pour am�liorer la sant� et acc�l�rer le d�veloppement, le changement des priorit�s internationales, la r�forme du secteur de la sant�, la crise du VIH/SIDA ainsi que d'autres facteurs, ont tous affect� son importance au cours de ces derni�res ann�es. Les croyances traditionnelles favorisant une fertilit� �lev�e, les barri�res religieuses et le manque d'implication masculine ont aussi affaibli le niveau d'activit�s de planification familiale. La combinaison de ces facteurs a conduit � une baisse de l'utilisation de contraceptifs, � une croissance des taux de fertilit� dans de nombreux pays et � une augmentation des besoins non satisfaits en planification familiale dans toute la r�gion.1 Les d�fenseurs de la planification familiale se doivent de prendre des mesures pour rem�dier � cette situation. La planification familiale, consid�r�e comme une composante essentielle des soins de sant� primaire et de sant� de la reproduction, joue un r�le important dans la r�duction des taux de morbidit� et de mortalit� maternelles et n�onatales, ainsi que de la transmission du VIH/SIDA. Elle contribue � la r�alisation des Objectifs du Mill�naire pour le D�veloppement (OMD) et des objectifs de la Politique de la Sant� pour Tous au 21�me si�cle: Agenda 2020. Reconnaissant son importance, le bureau r�gional pour l'Afrique de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Sant� (OMS) a d�velopp� un Cadre visant � acc�l�rer l'action (2005-2014) en faveur du repositionnement de la planification familiale au coeur des agendas nationaux et dans les services de sant� de la reproduction, action qui a �t� adopt�e par les ministres africains de la sant� en 2004. Ce cadre exige un regain d'efforts en faveur de la reconnaissance du �r�le central de la planification familiale� pour atteindre les objectifs de sant� et de d�veloppement � tous les niveaux. Cette trousse � outils a �t� d�velopp�e en r�ponse aux demandes d'aide de plusieurs pays pour accro�tre leurs efforts de plaidoyer en faveur de la planification familiale.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | MANUAL | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | INFLUENTIALS | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | ADVOCACY | USAID | WHO | FAMILY PLANNING | LEADERSHIP | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | PRIVATE SECTOR | MASS MEDIA | NEWS COVERAGE | Africa | Developing Countries | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | UN | International Agencies | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 328215

15.

Title: The effectiveness of mass communication to change public behavior.
Author: Abroms LC; Maibach EW
Source: Annual Review of Public Health. 2008;29:219-234.
Abstract: This article provides an overview of the ways in which mass communication has been used-or can be used-to promote beneficial changes in behavior among members of populations. We use an ecological perspective to examine the ways in which mass media interventions can be used to influence public behavior both directly and indirectly. Mass media interventions that seek to influence people directly-by directly targeting the people burdened by the public health problem of concern and/or the people who influence them - have a long basis in public health history, and recent reviews have clarified our expectations about what can be expected from such approaches. Mass media interventions that seek to influence people indirectly-by creating beneficial changes in the places (or environments) in which people live and work-have equal if not greater potential to promote beneficial changes in population health behaviors, but these are currently less explored options. To have the greatest possible beneficial influence on public behavior with the public health resources available, we recommend that public health program planners assess their opportunities to use media to target both people and places in a manner that complements and extends other investments being made in population health enhancement. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION | PUBLIC HEALTH | MASS MEDIA | INTERVENTIONS | IMPACT | BEHAVIOR | COMMUNICATION | SOCIAL NETWORKS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 326628

16.

Title: The effectiveness of a national communication campaign using religious leaders to reduce HIV-related stigma in Ghana.
Author: Boulay M; Tweedie I; Fiagbey E
Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2008 May;7(1):133-141.
Abstract: This article describes the effects of a national mass media and community-level stigma-reduction programme in Ghana, in which national and local religious leaders urged their congregations and the general public to have greater compassion for people living with HIV or AIDS (PLHA). Data were collected from men and women living in three regions, first in 2001 (n = 2 746) and again in 2003 (n = 2 926). Attitudes related to a punitive response to PLHA both improved over time and were positively associated with exposure to the programme's campaign, controlling for potential confounding variables. Respondents in the 2003 survey were 20% more likely than respondents in the 2001 survey to be willing to care for an HIV-infected relative in their own household and 40% more likely to believe that an HIV-infected female teacher should be allowed to continue teaching. Overall, respondents exposed to the campaign were 45% more likely than those not exposed to it to be willing to care for a HIV-infected relative, and 43% more likely to believe that an HIV-infected female teacher should be allowed to continue teaching. Respondents exposed to the campaign also had significantly more favourable scores on an attitude scale measuring the belief that HIV-infected individuals should be isolated from others. The results of this evaluation suggest that mass media channels and religious leaders can effectively address HIV-related stigma on a national scale. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION RESEARCH | SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STIGMA | ATTITUDES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | CAMPAIGNS | INTERVENTIONS | RELIGION | LEADERSHIP | MASS MEDIA | PROGRAM EVALUATION | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation Methodology | Evaluation | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 326999

17.

Title: Introduction: The media as sex educators for youth.
Author: Brown JD
Source: In: Managing the media monster: The influence of media (from television to text messages) on teen sexual behavior and attitudes, edited by Jane D. Brown. Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 2008 Dec. :6-16. (United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement No. 5U65DP324968-03)
Abstract: Young people learn about norms and expectations for sexual behavior in a number of ways, including from friends, parents, and schools. A variety of factors influence decisions about sexual behavior, including parental communication, peer norms, school-based curricula, religious principles, and community norms. Given the power and scope of media in our culture today, the media permeate all these contexts and influence sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior -- both positively and negatively. The three chapters in this report examine this reality in detail. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | MASS MEDIA | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CAMPAIGNS | INTERVENTIONS | SOCIAL MARKETING | ENTER-EDUCATE | INTERNET | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Health | Communication Programs | Programs | Organization and Administration | Marketing | Economic Factors | Education | Information Networks
Document Number: 331407

18.

Title: Managing the media monster: The influence of media (fromtelevision to text messages) on teen sexual behavior and attitudes.
Author: Brown JD
Source: Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 2008 Dec. 128 p. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement No. 5U65DP324968-03)
Abstract: The goal of this report is to inform practitioners and program providers about what the most up-to-date research says about teens and media influence. Specifically, the publication examines in detail how the media influences -- in positive and negative ways -- teen sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Importantly, the report also offers practical suggestions for how those working with youth can use the media to reach young people and provides suggestions on how best to capitalize on the exploding world of digital media. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | MASS MEDIA | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CAMPAIGNS | INTERVENTIONS | SOCIAL MARKETING | ENTER-EDUCATE | INTERNET | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Health | Communication Programs | Programs | Organization and Administration | Marketing | Economic Factors | Education | Information Networks
Document Number: 331399

19.

Title: Youth risk-taking behavior in Brazil: Drug use and teenage pregnancy.
Author: Cardoso AR; Verner D
Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, Sustainable Development Division, 2008 Mar. 14 p. (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4548)
Abstract: Using an extensive survey that addresses risk factors faced by the population in the shantytowns (favelas) of Fortaleza, Brazil, the aim of this paper is to study risk-taking behavior by youth, focusing on drug use and teenage pregnancy. The paper analyzes the impact of factors such as exposure to mass media, the existence of support networks, self-esteem, and the occurrence of violence at home and in the neighborhood, on the probability of risk-taking behavior. A bivariate probit model is estimated. The findings indicate that reliance on support networks and exposure to mass media are associated with a lower probability of either type of risk behavior. Living in a violent home increases drug consumption. Race does not have a significant impact on either type of behavior. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | THEORETICAL MODELS | YOUTH | URBAN AREAS | RISK BEHAVIOR | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | SEX BEHAVIOR | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | MASS MEDIA | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | SELF ESTEEM | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Geographic Factors | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Communication | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 325788

20.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Reporting AIDS and the invisible victims in China: Official knowledge as news in the People�s Daily, 1986-2002.
Author: Dong D; Chang TK; Chen D
Source: Journal of Health Communication. 2008 Jun;13(4):357-374.
Abstract: Against the backdrop of the sociology of knowledge as a framework, the purposes of this study are threefold: (1) to examine the discourses surrounding the AIDS news in China; (2) to determine how Chinese people with AIDS and the identification of their social groups are covered at the national level; and (3) to discuss the implications of reporting AIDS as official knowledge for a better understanding of the interplay between the mass media and social structure in China today. Findings indicate that as an epidemic, AIDS in China has not only become invisible in the national news, but also constructed as a non-issue devoid of social consequences in public health communication. It is a disease mostly presented in an "us vs. them" news discourse that helps convey the official knowledge as to how AIDS is to be perceived and understood in the country. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SOCIOLOGY | KNOWLEDGE | HIV INFECTIONS | MASS MEDIA | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | SOCIAL CHANGE | PUBLIC HEALTH | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH EDUCATION | NEWSPAPERS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Social Problems | Health | Education | Printed Media
Document Number: 327381

21.

Title: Continuum of care for HIV patients returning to Mexico [letter]
Author: Donohoe T; Reyes M; Armas L; Mandel N
Source: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. 2008 Sep-Oct;19(5):335-7.
Abstract: The U.S.-Mexico Border region, which includes some of the poorest counties in the country, has large rural populations with health care service shortages leading to poorer health outcomes than in the rest of the country (United States-Mexico Border Health Commission, 2008). In combination with these factors, an increase in the number of HIV cases along the border led to a request from the Health Resources and Services Administration for a collaborative effort to systematically assess the education and capacity building needs of health care providers in this region. The three AETCs geographically located along the border (Pacific AETC [California, Arizona], Mountain- Plains AETC [New Mexico], and Texas/Oklahoma AETC [Texas]) interviewed more than 75 border clinicians to determine their unique HIV-related education needs. Four broad training-related needs emerged: (a) to increase integration and coordination of HIV training activities, (b) to expand HIV training beyond AETC-targeted providers, (c) to offer site-based trainings that include cultural sensitivity themes and incentives for participation, and (d) to maintain a binational perspective by including Mexican clinicians in training activities. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
MEXICO | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | MIGRANTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HISPANICS | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | HEALTH PERSONNEL | RETURN MIGRATION | TREATMENT | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | BORDER CROSSING | MASS MEDIA | TRAINING PROGRAMS | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | International Migration | Communication | Education
Document Number: 329205

22.
Title: Iranian epidemiological training programs for AIDS prevention in Mazandaran Province.
Author: Ebrahim H
Source: Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 2008 Sep 1;11(17):2109-15.
Abstract: The aim of this study to report data is derived from an investigation of the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of AIDS prevention among the large the descendant of the Iranian prisoners. Using a multistage area sampling method, a random sample of individuals aged 18-65 years in southern coastwise of the Caspian Sea from February to December 2006. To select a representative sample of the prisoners' population within 5 different prisons in Mazandaran Province had the same probability to be sampled. Prisoners who agreed to participate were given a four-page self-administered questionnaire. 760 (88%) of the 2000 eligible participants completed the questionnaire. The mean age of respondents was 30.05 +/- 8.1 years ranging from 18 to 59, 1686 (95.8%) were male and mostly married 1054 (59.9%) and had received secondary education or above 1178 (66.9%). Most respondents (1690, 96%) had household income levels low or average and 716 (40.7%) were out of work. The findings indicated that the respondents had average to fairly good knowledge about AIDS. The correct answers ranged from 11.9% to about 85.9%. Also the results showed that the majority of the respondents were strongly agree or agree with the statement that people with AIDS should have social right to study or work (1378, 78.3%) or with the statement that AIDS is public health problem (1522, 86.5%). The majority of the respondents (1538, 83.4%) said that the mass media including radio, television and newspapers were the main source of their information about HIV/AIDS. Such findings suggest that prevention programs should be encourage and these might have the potential role to limit the emergence of Iran's HIV/AIDS epidemic especially in prison's this of country.
Language: English
Keywords:
IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PRISONERS | PREVALENCE | EPIDEMIOLOGY | TRAINING PROGRAMS | HIV PREVENTION | KNOWLEDGE | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | PUBLIC HEALTH | PERCEPTION | BELIEFS | MASS MEDIA | Middle East | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Measurement | Health | Education | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Culture | Communication
Document Number: 330742

23.
Title: Preparedness for AIDS vaccine trials in India.
Author: Excler JL; Kochhar S; Kapoor S; Das S; Bahri J; Ghosh MD; Ganguly NK; Nayyar A; Chataway M
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2008 Jun;127(6):531-8.
Abstract: India bears a heavy disease burden of HIV/AIDS infected and affected people. A safe, effective and accessible preventive AIDS vaccine, used along with other preventive interventions, is urgently needed to stem the epidemic. This review highlights the extensive preparedness activities undertaken from 2002 by the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), its Indian government and non government partners with the Indian scientific, political, media and community stakeholders and the capacity building process, before the conduct of the first ever AIDS vaccine trials in India in early 2005. Issues addressed included mistrust of clinical research due to past history of some unethical trials, transparency, community involvement, stigma and discrimination, provision for care and treatment of participants, informed consent, gender considerations, approval process, and operational aspects. The strong political support along with preparedness activities led to the successful conduct of AIDS vaccine trials enrolling equitably healthy women and men from all sections of society. This has paved the way for future vaccine trials in the country.
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | CLINICAL TRIALS | POLICYMAKERS | INFLUENTIALS | TARGET POPULATION | VACCINES | HIV PREVENTION | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | POLITICAL FACTORS | MASS MEDIA | INTERVENTIONS | ATTITUDES | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | STIGMA | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Program Design | Programs | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Problems
Document Number: 329047

24.

Title: Tuberculosis and the media: The importance of communicating messages with partners.
Author: Fraire M; Walton W
Source: Baltimore, Maryland, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, Information and Knowledge for Optimal Health [INFO], 2008 Feb 21. [2] p. (Global Health Technical BriefsUSAID Grant No. GPH-A-00-02-00003-00) http://www.maqweb.org/techbriefs/spanish/stb47mediainterac.pdf (Spanish)
Abstract: Planning is the key to a successful tuberculosis (TB) communication program or activity. Choose a format for contact with the media that best fits your audience and message. Identify the SOCO ("single overriding communication objective") that you want your audience to remember. Identify and train a spokesperson to represent your program to the media. The media is highly influential and can quickly reach a large number of people, including decision makers. This communication channel can enhance your public image while building support for your tuberculosis (TB) program efforts. The media, however, can also be sensationalistic, circulate inaccurate and incomplete information, and present messages that may damage your image and limit your outcomes. Planning is the key to a successful TB communication program or activity, including working with the media. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | TEACHING MATERIALS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | TUBERCULOSIS | MASS MEDIA | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Infections | Diseases | Communication
Document Number: 327089

25.

Title: Using media to address adolescent sexual health: lessons learned abroad.
Author: Gurman TA; Underwood C
Source: In: Managing the media monster: The influence of media (from television to text messages) on teen sexual behavior and attitudes, edited by Jane D. Brown. Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 2008 Dec. :40-83. (United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement No. 5U65DP324968-03)
Abstract: Public health organizations around the globe have crafted mass media interventions addressing reproductive health issues for a variety of audiences, including youth. These interventions have employed a variety of media strategies (e.g. entertainment-education (E-E), social marketing), and media channels (e.g. radio, magazines, television, Internet). Some interventions have been evaluated for effectiveness while others have not. In this chapter, we focus on the evaluation research literature describing the effects of international reproductive health mass media interventions on adolescents and youth. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | MASS MEDIA | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CAMPAIGNS | INTERVENTIONS | SOCIAL MARKETING | ENTER-EDUCATE | INTERNET | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Health | Communication Programs | Programs | Organization and Administration | Marketing | Economic Factors | Education | Information Networks
Document Number: 331410

26.

27.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Determinants of exposure to mass media family planning messages among indigenous people in Bangladesh: A study on the Garo.
Author: Islam MR; Islam MA; Banowary B
Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2008 Oct 13;:[9] p.
Abstract: This paper evaluates exposure to mass media family planning (FP) messages among the Garo, an indigenous community in Bangladesh. A sample of 223 currently married Garo women were selected purposively from two districts where most of the Garo population live. The analysis demonstrated that television was the most significant form of mass media to disseminate FP messages among the recipients - more so than radio and newspapers. About 80.6% of the respondents had heard of FP messages through television, while for the radio and newspapers the percentages were 55.3% and 22.7% respectively. The contraceptive prevalence rate is much higher (79.5%) in the study area than the national level (55.8%). A linear logistic regression model was employed to identify the confluence of different demographic and socioeconomic characteristics on mass media FP messages. Regarding exposure to FP messages, four independent variables out of six had significant effects on the exposure to FP messages through any one of the types of media, i.e. radio, television and newspapers. These independent variables were age, level of education, occupation and number of children.
Language: English
Keywords:
BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | MASS MEDIA | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | IEC | RADIO | TELEVISION | NEWSPAPERS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | LOGISTIC MODEL | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Communication | Family Planning | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Broadcast Media | Printed Media | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Mathematical Model | Theoretical Models | Research Methodology
Document Number: 328493

28.

Title: Using media to address adolescent sexual health: lessons learned at home.
Author: Keller SN
Source: In: Managing the media monster: The influence of media (from television to text messages) on teen sexual behavior and attitudes, edited by Jane D. Brown. Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 2008 Dec. :84-121. (United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement No. 5U65DP324968-03)
Abstract: This chapter reviews mass media interventions designed to promote sexual health in the United States. Interventions were included that used five types of media strategies: (1) public service announcements (PSAs); (2) entertainment-education (E-E); (3) social marketing; (4) media advocacy; and (5) new media technologies. While new media technologies, such as Internet and cell phones, provide alternate media channels to TV, radio and print, they also involve new and interactive ways of communicating with audiences and involve new strategies for health communication that are unfolding as we write this report. Because of their interactive nature and increasingly ubiquitous use by adolescents and young adults, harnessing the power of new media technologies also is being seen as a valuable strategy for engaging youth in sexual health discussions and fostering positive decision-making skills. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | KNOWLEDGE | MASS MEDIA | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CAMPAIGNS | INTERVENTIONS | SOCIAL MARKETING | ENTER-EDUCATE | INTERNET | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Health | Communication Programs | Programs | Organization and Administration | Marketing | Economic Factors | Education | Information Networks
Document Number: 331411

29.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Socio-economic factors explain differences in public health-related variables among women in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.
Author: Khan MM; Kraemer A
Source: BMC Public Health. 2008 Jul 23;8(254):[24] p.
Abstract: Worldwide one billion people are living in slum communities and experts projected that this number would double by 2030. Slum populations, which are increasing at an alarming rate in Bangladesh mainly due to rural-urban migration, are often neglected and characterized by poverty, poor housing, overcrowding, poor environment, and high prevalence of communicable diseases. Unfortunately, comparisons between women living in slums and those not living in slums are very limited in Bangladesh. The objectives of the study were to examine the association of living in slums (dichotomized as slum versus nonslum) with selected public health-related variables among women, first without adjusting for the influence of other factors and then in the presence of socio-economic variables. Secondary data was used in this study. 120 women living in slums (as cases) and 480 age-matched women living in other areas (as controls) were extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2004. Many socio-economic and demographic variables were analysed. SPSS was used to perform simple as well as multiple analyses. Pvalues based on t-test and Wald test were also reported to show the significance level. Unadjusted results indicated that a significantly higher percent of women living in slums came from country side, had a poorer status by household characteristics, had less access to mass media, and had less education than women not living in slums. Mean BMI, knowledge of AIDS indicated by ever heard about AIDS, knowledge of avoiding AIDS by condom use, receiving adequate antenatal visits (4 or more) during the last pregnancy, and safe delivery practices assisted by skilled sources were significantly lower among women living in slums than those women living in other areas. However, all the unadjusted significant associations with the variable slum were greatly attenuated and became insignificant (expect safe delivery practices) when some socio-economic variables namely childhood place of residence, a composite variable of household characteristics, a composite variable of mass media access, and education were inserted into the multiple regression models. Taken together, childhood place of residence, the composite variable of mass media access, and education were the strongest predictors for the health related outcomes. Reporting unadjusted findings of public health variables in women from slums versus non-slums can be misleading due to confounding factors. Our findings suggest that an association of childhood place of residence, mass media access and public health education should be considered before making any inference based on slum versus non-slum comparisons. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | WOMEN | URBAN POPULATION | SLUMS | WOMEN'S HEALTH | PUBLIC HEALTH | SANITATION | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | MASS MEDIA | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Urbanization | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Health | Economic Factors | Communication
Document Number: 327815

30.

Title: Unmet need and the demand for family planning in Uganda. Further analysis of the Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys, 1995-2006.
Author: Khan S; Bradley SE; Fishel J; Mishra V
Source: Calverton, Maryland, Macro International, MEASURE DHS, 2008 Aug. 42 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-C-00-03-00002-00DHS Further Analysis No. 60)
Abstract: Uganda is the third fastest growing country in the world. Contraceptive use is low, and the unmet need for family planning is high. This study examines unmet need in Uganda from 1995 to 2006 using data from three consecutive rounds of the Demographic and Heath Surveys. The study provides levels, trends, and differentials for unmet need; the factors associated with unmet need; reasons for contraceptive nonuse; and the likely impact of reducing unmet need. The results show that unmet need is highest among currently married women, women in rural areas, and women in the Northern region. Unmet need is increasing among the all-women group, currently married women, all sexually active women, and never-married sexually active women. Unmet need remains steady at low levels among never-married women and formerly married women. Unmet need for spacing is more prevalent than for limiting. Women with an unmet need for spacing and limiting both tend to have more than two living children. Women with an unmet need for spacing are more likely to lack employment, live in the Northern region, and not receive family planning messages in the media while women with an unmet need for limiting, in contrast, tend to be older and live in rural areas. Total unmet need is associated with higher parity (2 or more children) and living in the Northern region. Substantial proportions of women do not use, and do not intend to use, contraception in the future due to the fear of side effects and opposition from the husband or partner. Based on statistical models, modest declines in unmet need and increases in contraceptive prevalence in Uganda can substantially reduce the country's total fertility rate.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | COUPLES | RURAL POPULATION | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | MARITAL STATUS | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | BIRTH SPACING | MASS MEDIA | UNEMPLOYMENT | AGE FACTORS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors |