1.  Title: Promoting health and equity: Evidence, policy and action: Cases from the Western Pacific Region. Author: World Health Organization [WHO]. Regional Office for the Western Pacific Source: Manila, Philippines, WHO, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2009 Mar. [173] p. Abstract: Recent years have seen a growth in the evidence base on policies and actions to promote health equity. Despite efforts, however, the evidence shows that inequalities are increasing rather than decreasing in many countries. This may partly be due to faulty policy decisions. There is clearly need for a better evidence-based approach on health policies to achieve equity. At the same time, understanding is inadequate on how policy-makers can best make use of the growing evidence base on promoting equity in health. There is a need for stronger links between evidence and health policy-making and implementation. To respond in part to this need, the WHO Western Pacific Regional Office convened the High Level Meeting on Promoting Health Equity: Evidence, Policy and Action from 16-18 October 2007 in Phnom Penh, hosted by the Royal Government of Cambodia, to provide an opportunity to exchange experiences and identify ways to promote the more systematic use of equity research in health policy and action. Health ministers and other stake holders engaged in the evidence-to-policy process were invited to submit case studies that illustrate the process. This book compiles the nine cases presented at the meeting. An introductory chapter comprises a synthesis of the cases and the lessons learned from them. Language: English Keywords: CAMBODIA | CHINA | VIETNAM | NEW ZEALAND | MALAYSIA | MONGOLIA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | TREATMENT | HEALTH POLICY | HEALTH SERVICES | TUBERCULOSIS | CAPACITY BUILDING | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Asia, Eastern | Oceania | Developed Countries | Asia, Northern | Studies | Research Methodology | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Infections | Diseases | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation Document Number: 331453 |
| 2. Title: An assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions of pharmacy students regarding HIV/AIDS. Author: Ahmed SI; Hassali MA; Aziz NA Source: American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2009 Feb 19;73(1):15. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions of University Sains Malaysia final-year pharmacy students regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunity deficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHOD: A cross-sectional study among pharmacy students. Data were analyzed with Chi-square to find difference at p value < 0.05. RESULTS: The majority of students (83.07%) responded showing a difference in gender and race. Students showed low willingness (9.2%) to assist patients and low confidence (36.1%) in their education about HIV/AIDS patients. Students recommended HIV testing for health care professionals (69.4%) and patients (75.9%) before surgical procedures. Students knew little about Post Exposure Prophylaxis (18.5%) or about the time for HIV to develop into AIDS (57.4%). About 40% of students were unaware of the inability of antivirals to treat HIV/AIDS. Students had low awareness for opportunistic infections (18.5%), and low agreement on competency to treat and counsel HIV patients (12.9%). CONCLUSION: The study highlighted students' misconceptions, negative attitudes, and risk perceptions towards HIV/AIDS. Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | PHARMACISTS | UNIVERSITIES | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | RISK FACTORS | PERCEPTION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | TREATMENT | EXPOSURE | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Education | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services Document Number: 342691 |
| 3. Title: A randomised controlled trial of peer-adult-led intervention on improvement of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of university students regarding HIV/AIDS in Malaysia. Author: Jahanfar S; Lye MS; Rampal L Source: Singapore Medical Journal. 2009 Feb;50(2):173-80. Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of university students regarding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: A randomised controlled trial of 530 university students was done using peer-adult facilitators. Participants completed a questionnaire before and after the intervention, which was a four-hour group session. A prevention programme was developed by local experts, health educators and peer facilitators. The peer-adult-led programme was designed to provide a conceptual model of HIV risk reduction through information, motivational and behavioural skills, a harm reduction module and health promotion theme. RESULTS: The main outcome measured was the level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour scores. The results suggest that relative to the control group, participants in the intervention group had higher levels of knowledge (30.37 vs. 25.40; p-value is 0.001) and a better attitude (12.27 vs. 10.84; p-value is 0.001). However, there was no difference in the behavioural score (9.47 vs. 9.41; p-value is 0.530). The correlation between the level of knowledge and age and the level of education was found in the intervention group, but not in the control group (p-value is 0.01). Attitude and gender were found to be correlated in the intervention group only (p-value is 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our programme was successful in increasing knowledge and improving attitudes towards AIDS and HIV. However, it did not improve risk-taking behaviour. Peer-adult-led educational programmes for youth using various interactional activities, such as small group discussions, poster activity and empathy exercises, can be successful in changing the prevailing youth perceptions of AIDS and HIV. Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | BEHAVIOR | HIV TRANSMISSION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | AIDS | HEALTH EDUCATION | EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Education | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections Document Number: 342091 |
4.  Peer Reviewed Title: Maternal acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccine in Malaysia. Author: Sam IC; Wong LP; Rampal S; Leong YH; Pang CF; Tai YT; Tee HC; Kahar-Bador M Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2009 Jun;44(6):610-612. Abstract: Acceptability rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination by 362 Malaysian mothers were 65.7% for daughters and 55.8% for sons. Younger mothers, and those who knew someone with cancer, were more willing to vaccinate their daughters. If the vaccine was routine and cost free, acceptability rate was 97.8%. Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | MOTHERS | CLIENTS | HEALTH SERVICES | HPV | VACCINES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 340180 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: HPV information needs, educational messages and channel of delivery preferences: views from developing country with multiethnic populations. Author: Wong LP Source: Vaccine. 2009 Feb 25;27(9):1410-5. Abstract: This qualitative study used focus group discussions (FGDs) to evaluate information needed in order to make informed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination decision, opinion on the most acceptable public education messages, and channel of delivery in a multiethnic, multicultural and multireligion country. A total of 19 FGDs were conducted among mothers of eligible vaccinees, young women eligible for the vaccine, and men. Messages that carry accurate information about HPV-cervical cancer link, the HPV preventive vaccines and at the same time minimize the stigma of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) vaccine were preferred. Educational messages for future HPV educational intervention were developed and methods to effectively convey to the public the need for HPV vaccination were identified. The findings serve as a basis for future intervention to develop research-based communication materials and strategies. Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | HPV | CERVICAL CANCER | SCREENING | DECISION MAKING | VACCINATION | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Cancer | Neoplasms | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Immunization | Primary Health Care Document Number: 331174 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Use of evidence-based practices in pregnancy and childbirth: South East Asia Optimising Reproductive and Child Health in Developing Countries project. Author: South East Asia Optimising Reproductive and Child Health in Developing Countries [SEA-ORCHID]. Study Group Source: PLoS One. 2008 Jul;3(7):[7] p. Abstract: The burden of mortality and morbidity related to pregnancy and childbirth remains concentrated in developing countries. SEA-ORCHID (South East Asia Optimising Reproductive and Child Health In Developing countries) is evaluating whether a multifaceted intervention to strengthen capacity for research synthesis, evidence-based care and knowledge implementation improves adoption of best clinical practice recommendations leading to better health for mothers and babies. In this study we assessed current practices in perinatal health care in four South East Asian countries and determined whether they were aligned with best practice recommendations. We completed an audit of 9550 medical records of women and their 9665 infants at nine hospitals; two in each of Indonesia, Malaysia and The Philippines, and three in Thailand between January- December 2005. We compared actual clinical practices with best practice recommendations selected from the Cochrane Library and the World Health Organization Reproductive Health Library. Evidence-based components of the active management of the third stage of labour and appropriately treating eclampsia with magnesium sulphate were universally practiced in all hospitals. Appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis for caesarean section, a beneficial form of care, was practiced in less than 5% of cases in most hospitals. Use of the unnecessary practices of enema in labour ranged from 1% to 61% and rates of episiotomy for vaginal birth ranged from 31% to 95%. Other appropriate practices were commonly performed to varying degrees between countries and also between hospitals within the same country. Whilst some perinatal health care practices audited were consistent with best available evidence, several were not. We conclude that recording of clinical practices should be an essential step to improve quality of care. Based on these findings, the SEA-ORCHID project team has been developing and implementing interventions aimed at increasing compliance with evidence-based clinical practice recommendations to improve perinatal practice in South East Asia. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | MALAYSIA | PHILIPPINES | THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION REPORT | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | CHILDBIRTH | INTERVENTIONS | CAPACITY BUILDING | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | BEST PRACTICES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Evaluation | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Health | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Sustainability | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation Document Number: 327570 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia among aboriginal schoolchildren in rural Peninsular Malaysia: An update on a continuing problem. Author: Al-Mekhlafi MH; Surin J; Atiya AS; Ariffin WA; Mahdy AK Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2008 Oct;102(10):1046-1052. Abstract: A cross-sectional study to determine the current prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and to investigate the possible risk factors for IDA was carried out on 241 aboriginal schoolchildren (120 boys, 121 girls) aged 7-12 years and living in remote areas in Pos Betau, Pahang, Malaysia. Haemoglobin (Hb) level was measured and serum iron status was assessed by serum ferritin (SF), serum iron (SI) and total iron binding capacity measurements. Socioeconomic data were collected using pre-tested questionnaires. All children were screened for intestinal parasitic infections. Overall, 48.5% (95% CI 42.3-54.8) of children were anaemic (Hb < 12 g/dl). The prevalence of IDA was 34% (95% CI 28.3-40.2), which accounted for 70.1% of the anaemia cases. The prevalence of IDA was significantly higher in females than males. Low levels of mothers' education and low household income were identified as risk factors for IDA. Severe trichuriasis also found to be associated with low SF and SI. Logistic regression confirmed low levels of mothers' education and gender as significant risk factors for IDA. Improvement of socioeconomic status and health education together with periodic mass deworming should be included in public health strategies for the control and prevention of anaemia and IDA in this population. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | ANEMIA | IRON | DEFICIENCY DISEASES | PARASITIC DISEASES | RISK FACTORS | SCHOOL AGE POPULATION | CHILDREN | RURAL AREAS | BODY HEIGHT | BODY WEIGHT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Diseases | Metals | Vitamins and Minerals | Physiology | Biology | Nutrition Disorders | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Geographic Factors Document Number: 328166 |
| 8. Title: Evaluation of the management of sexually transmitted infections (STIS) by private practitioners in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Author: Anwar M; Sulaiman SA Source: Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2008;15(4):41-47. Abstract: To determine the current practices of private practitioners for the management of STIs in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, evaluation of pharmacotherapy for STIs in private clinics and to ascertain the management of STIs compared to standard guidelines. Methods: Data was collected by self administered questionnaire for private practitioners, which gathered information on their socio-demographic as well as practice characteristics. Descriptive Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS for windows version 13.0. Results: Data was collected from 78 practitioners. Most of the treatment choices mentioned for the treatment of gonorrhea were inconsistent with the guidelines. About 51.2% of practitioners did not screen their patients for HIV/AIDS. Majority of private practitioners counseled their patients about HIV/AIDS on irregular basis. A high percentage of 59% did not informed health authorities about STI cases and 32.1% mentioned that they did not use any guidelines. Conclusions: Management of STIs by private practitioners with respect to selection of antibiotics, patient counseling and case notification leaves a lot to be desired. Current management practices can adversely impact on HIV/AIDS transmission in the country. Interventions are needed to improve the management practices of private practitioners. Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | PRIVATE SECTOR | HEALTH PERSONNEL | MANAGEMENT | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | GONORRHEA | TREATMENT | NEEDS | STANDARDS | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organization and Administration | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Research Methodology Document Number: 343013 |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: A grim contradiction: The practice and consequences of corporate social responsibility by British American Tobacco in Malaysia. Author: Barraclough S; Morrow M Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2008 Apr;66(8):1784-1796. Abstract: In the wake of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is among the few remaining mechanisms for tobacco corporations publicly to promote their interests. Health advocates may be unaware of the scale, nature and implications of tobacco industry CSR. This investigation aimed to construct a typology of tobacco industry CSR through a case study of the evolution and impact of CSR activities of a particular tobacco corporation in one country - British American Tobacco, Malaysia (BATM), the Malaysian market leader. Methods included searching, compiling and critically appraising publicly available materials from British American Tobacco, BATM, published literature and other sources. The study examined BATM's CSR strategy, the issues which it raises, consequences for tobacco control and potential responses by health advocates. The investigation found that BATM's CSR activities included assistance to tobacco growers, charitable donations,scholarships, involvement in anti-smuggling measures, 'youth smoking prevention' programs and annual Social Reports. BATM has stated that its model is predominantly motivated by social and stakeholder obligations. Its CSR activities have, however, had the additional benefits of contributing to a favourable image, deflecting criticism and establishing a modus vivendi with regulators that assists BATM's continued operations and profitability. It is imperative that health advocates highlight the potential conflicts inherent in such arrangements and develop strategies to address the concerns raised. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CRITIQUE | CASE STUDIES | TOBACCO USE | INDUSTRY | CORPORATE SPONSORSHIP | SOCIAL MARKETING | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Financial Activities | Marketing Document Number: 325440 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in humans is widely distributed and potentially life threatening. Author: Cox-Singh J; Davis TM; Lee KS; Shamsul SS; Matusop A Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2008 Jan 15;46:165-171. Abstract: Until recently, Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in humans was misdiagnosed as Plasmodium malariae malaria. The objectives of the present study were to determine the geographic distribution of P. knowlesi malaria in the human population in Malaysia and to investigate 4 suspected fatal cases. Sensitive and specific nested polymerase chain reaction was used to identify all Plasmodium species present in (1) blood samples obtained from 960 patients with malaria who were hospitalized in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, during 2001-2006; (2) 54 P. malariae archival blood films from 15 districts in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo (during 2003-2005), and 4 districts in Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia (during 2004-2005); and (3) 4 patients whose suspected cause of death was P. knowlesi malaria. For the 4 latter cases, available clinical and laboratory data were reviewed. P. knowlesi DNA was detected in 266 (27.7%) of 960 of the samples from Sarawak hospitals, 41 (83.7%) of 49 from Sabah, and all 5 from Pahang. Only P. knowlesi DNA was detected in archival blood films from the 4 patients who died. All were hyperparasitemic and developed marked hepatorenal dysfunction. Human infection with P. knowlesi, commonly misidentified as the more benign P. malariae, are widely distributed across Malaysian Borneo and extend to Peninsular Malaysia. Because P. knowlesi replicates every 24 h, rapid diagnosis and prompt effective treatment are essential. In the absence of a specific routine diagnostic test for P. knowlesi malaria, we recommend that patients who reside in or have traveled to Southeast Asia and who have received a "P. malariae" hyperparasitemia diagnosis by microscopy receive intensive management as appropriate for severe falciparum malaria. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | POPULATION | MALARIA | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | PARASITES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Geography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Biology Document Number: 325618 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Pattern and predictors of soil-transmitted helminth reinfection among aboriginal schoolchildren in rural Peninsular Malaysia. Author: Hesham Al-Mekhlafi M; Surin J; Atiya AS; Ariffin WA; Mohammed Mahdy AK; Che Abdullah H Source: Acta Tropica. 2008 Aug;107(2):200-4. Abstract: Data on soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections and reinfection among Orang Asli (aborigine) schoolchildren and their nutritional and socioeconomic status were analyzed to investigate the pattern and the possible predictors of STH reinfection. In this longitudinal study, 120 (60 males and 60 females) Orang Asli primary schoolchildren aged 7-12 years and living in remote areas in Pos Betau, Kuala Lipis, Pahang were screened for the presence of STH using modified cellophane thick smear and Harada Mori techniques. The overall prevalence of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infections were 65.8, 97.5 and 10.8%, respectively. After complete deworming with a 3-day course of 400mg/daily of albendazole tablets, children were re-examined at 3 and 6 months from baseline. The reinfection rate, by one or more of STH species, at 3 months after deworming was high (49.5%) while 79.6% of the children were reinfected at 6 months after deworming. Logistic regression analyses showed that females, stunted children and those living in houses without toilets had significantly higher reinfection rates than others at 3 months (P<0.05). At 6 months, maternal employment status emerged as another predictor where children of working mothers had significantly higher reinfection rates (P=0.026). In conclusion, reinfection rate of STH is high and thus necessitates frequent and periodic deworming among children. Public health personnel need to re-look at the current control measures and identify innovative and integrated ways in order to reduce STH significantly in the rural communities. Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | RURAL AREAS | CHILDREN | SOIL QUALITY | INFECTIONS | DEFICIENCY DISEASES | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Geographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Environment | Diseases | Nutrition Disorders Document Number: 328641 |
| 12. Title: Racialised sexualities: the case of Filipina migrant workers in East Malaysia. Author: Hilsdon AM; Giridharan B Source: Gender, Place and Culture. 2008 Dec;15(6):611-628. Abstract: In national narratives of 'Malayness', a specific language (Malay) and religion (Islam) have become key aspects of an identity that excludes migrants and those of 'questionable' sexualities. Consequently Filipina migrants working in the nightlife industries in East Malaysia have been subjected to disciplinary discourses of ethnicity and sexuality that underpin these national narratives. Attempts to tighten migration laws and curb nightlife activities have resulted in a racialisation of Filipina migrant sexualities. Using ethnographic methods, this article explains the impacts of dominant state and public discourses of migration, ethnicity and gender, which Filipinas encounter in their everyday lives in their destination country. In the process the article also reveals how Filipinas resist these discourses and hence participate in the formation of their subjectivity. Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | PHILIPPINES | RESEARCH REPORT | MIGRANTS | HETEROSEXUALS | WOMEN | SEX WORKERS | LABOR MIGRATION | GENDER ISSUES | POWER | INTERVIEWS | MIGRATION POLICY | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Political Factors | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy Document Number: 341979 |
| 13. Title: HIV-related needs for safety among male-to-female transsexuals (mak nyah) in Malaysia. Author: Koon Teh Y Source: SAHARA J. 2008 Dec;5(4):178-85. Abstract: This research, commissioned by the Malaysian AIDS Council in 2007, is qualitative and descriptive in nature. In depth face-to-face interviews were carried out with 15 mak nyah respondents from five major towns. The interviews were guided by an interview schedule that had seven main topics: brief background; hormone-taking behaviour; safe sex; health care; substance abuse; harassment from authorities; and HIV prevention. The HIV problem among the mak nyah, mak nyah sex workers and their clients is critical. Many do not have in-depth HIV/AIDS knowledge and do not practise safe sex. The problem gets worse when most mak nyah do not consider HIV/AIDS as a primary concern because of other pressing problems like employment and discrimination. There are also no HIV prevention activities in many parts of Malaysia. Mak nyah also face constant harassment from enforcement authorities for prostitution. This hampers HIV prevention work. Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SEX WORKERS | SAFETY | HIV INFECTIONS | SEX FACTORS | HIV PREVENTION | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Public Health | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 331154 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Goserelin versus leuprolide before hysterectomy for uterine fibroids. Author: Lim SS; Sockalingam JK; Tan PC Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008 May;101(2):178-183. Abstract: The objective was to compare goserelin and leuprolide given before hysterectomy for symptomatic large fibroid uteri. A randomized study of 66 premenopausal women with fibroid uteri at least 14 weeks of gestation in a gravid uterus. Women were randomized to receive either subcutaneous depot 3.6 mg goserelin or 3.75 mg leuprolide every 4 weeks for a total of 3 doses. Hysterectomy was performed within 1 month of the last dose. A total of 34 women randomized to the goserelin group and 31 women to the leuprolide group were available for analysis. Preoperative hemoglobin level (P=0.89), operative blood loss (P=0.72), and operating time (P=0.39) were not different between the 2 groups. Postoperative hemoglobin was higher in the leuprolide group (P=0.003), but blood transfusion requirement was not different between the groups (P=1.0). Other outcomes and side effects of the drugs were similar. Goserelin and leuprolide administered before hysterectomy for uterine fibroids have similar perioperative outcomes. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | UTERINE EFFECTS | FIBROIDS | DRUGS | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | GONADOTROPINS | HYSTERECTOMY | HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL | SIDE EFFECTS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Uterus | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Neoplasms, Benign | Neoplasms | Diseases | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Hormones | Endocrine System | Gynecologic Surgery | Urogenital Surgery | Surgery | Hemic System Document Number: 325981 |
| 15. Title: Thrombophilic mutations in pre-eclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Author: Omar SZ; Qvist R; Khaing SL; Muniandy S; Bhalla S Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2008 Apr;34(2):174-178. Abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the existence or prevalence of thrombophilic markers such as Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, protein S, protein C, activated protein C and anti-thrombin in pre-eclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertensive patients. Blood samples were collected from a total number of 124 women at the maternity unit, University of Malaya Medical Center. These included 49 patients with pre-eclampsia, 63 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension and 12 normal pregnant women. DNA was extracted from the blood samples. Factor V Leiden (Taq I) and prothrombin G20210A (Hind III) genotyping was done on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Anti-thrombin activity and the concentrations of protein C, protein S and activated protein C were measured using the IL Coagulation System (Hemosil). Of the 124 subjects, one pre-eclampsia patient was homozygous for Factor V Leiden mutation but prothrombin G20210A mutation was not present in any of the subjects. The subject with Factor V Leiden mutation also had a low activated protein C resistance and a low protein S concentration. Factor V Leiden mutation is present in the Asian population and may very well serve as one of the genetic factors responsible for pre-eclampsia and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREECLAMPSIA | GENETICS | PROTEINS | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | HYPERTENSION | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Biology | Physiology | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Vascular Diseases | Pregnancy | Reproduction Document Number: 326138 |
| 16. Title: Prevalence of sexual problems and its association with social, psychological and physical factors among men in a Malaysian population: a cross-sectional study. Author: Quek KF; Abdul Sallam A; Ng CH; Chua CB Source: Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2008 Jan;5(1):70-76. Abstract: Sexual problems are common in the general population. Studies have shown that most of these sexual problems are related to their social lives, medical illnesses, and psychological status. Among the sexual problems in men, premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most frequent, yet it is the least well-understood of the sexual dysfunctions of men. The aim was to determine the prevalence of sexual problem particularly PE and erectile dysfunction (ED) among people living in urban areas and to investigate the characteristics associated with these sexual problems in a Malaysian population. The PE which is defined as an intravaginal ejaculation latency time less than 2 minutes was assessed in the ED and non-ED group. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale is used as a measure of the psychological status [30]. The ED status was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire. The prevalence of self-reported sexual problems for ED and PE were 41.6% and 22.3%, respectively. In those subjects with ED, 33.5% reported to have PE. Of the total of 430 subjects, anxiety was present in 8.1%, while depression was 5.3%. The prevalence of PE accounted for 25% anxiety and 14.6% for depression respectively in the population. EDs were associated with diabetes and hypertension (OR [95% CI]: 5.33 [2.33, 10.16], 3.40 [1.76, 6.57], P less than 0.05), respectively, while factors associated with PE were anxiety and depression (OR [95% CI]: 1.29 [0.68, 2.45], 1.39 [0.69, 2.78]), respectively. Prevalence of ED is associated with medical symptoms such as diabetes and hypertension and a rise in the prevalence of age while psychological distress such as anxiety and depression also contribute to a higher PE rate. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | MEN | URBAN POPULATION | IMPOTENCE | GENITAL EFFECTS, MALE | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | DEPRESSION | STRESS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Genitalia, Male | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Behavior | Mental Disorders | Diseases Document Number: 314044 |
| 17. Title: Household bargaining over fertility: Theory and evidence from Malaysia. Author: Rasul I Source: Journal of Development Economics. 2008 Jun;86(2):215-241. Abstract: We develop and test a model of household bargaining over fertility when transfers between spouses are possible. The model makes precise how the fertility preferences of each spouse translate into fertility outcomes. We show this depends on whether or not spouses can commit to their future actions within marriage. If couples bargain with commitment, fertility outcomes take account of both spouses' fertility preferences and do not depend on the threat point in marital bargaining. If couples bargain without commitment, the influence of each spouse's fertility preference on fertility outcomes depends on the relevant threat point in marital bargaining, and the distribution of bargaining power. We test the models using household data from the Malaysia Family Life Survey. This data set contains information on each spouse's desired fertility level, as well as fertility outcomes. We exploit differences in threat points in marital bargaining across ethnic groups to help identify the underlying bargaining model. The evidence suggests couples bargain without commitment. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS | THEORETICAL MODELS | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | DECISION MAKING | CONFLICT RESOLUTION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Research Methodology | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Interpersonal Relations | Behavior | Political Factors Document Number: 327040 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: Drug substitution therapy: a new approach in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS in Malaysia. Author: Razali SM Source: Tropical Doctor. 2008 Apr;38(2):109-110. Abstract: The prevalence of HIV/AIDS among drug addicts in Malaysia is high, especially among intravenous drug users. The present treatment and rehabilitation of drug addiction is considered as a failure. The government finally decided to start on Drug Substitution Therapy in early 2005 as an effort to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS in the country. Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | SUMMARY REPORT | PREVALENCE | IV DRUG USERS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | TREATMENT | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | SUBSTANCE ADDICTION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Measurement | Research Methodology | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 308926 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: Maintenance treatment with buprenorphine and naltrexone for heroin dependence in Malaysia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Author: Schottenfeld RS; Chawarski MC; Mazlan M Source: Lancet. 2008 Jun 28;371(9631):2192-200. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Expansion of access to effective treatments for heroin dependence is a worldwide health priority that will also reduce HIV transmission. We compared the efficacy of naltrexone, buprenorphine, and no additional treatment, in patients receiving detoxification and subsequent drug counselling, for maintenance of heroin abstinence, prevention of relapse, and reduction of HIV risk behaviours. METHODS: 126 detoxified heroin-dependent patients, from an outpatient research clinic and detoxification programme in Malaysia, were randomly assigned by a computer-generated randomisation sequence to 24 weeks of manual-guided drug counselling and maintenance with naltrexone (n=43), buprenorphine (n=44), or placebo (n=39). Medications were administered on a double-blind and double-dummy basis. Primary outcomes, assessed by urine testing three times per week, were days to first heroin use, days to heroin relapse (three consecutive opioid-positive urine tests), maximum consecutive days of heroin abstinence, and reductions in HIV risk behaviours over 6 months. The study was terminated after 22 months of enrolment because buprenorphine was shown to have greater efficacy in an interim safety analysis. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00383045. FINDINGS: We observed consistent, linear contrasts in days to first heroin use (p=0.0009), days to heroin relapse (p=0.009), and maximum consecutive days abstinent (p=0.0007), with all results best for buprenorphine and worst for placebo. Buprenorphine was associated with greater time to first heroin use than were naltrexone (hazard ratio 1.87 [95% CI 1.21-2.88]) or placebo (2.02 [1.29-3.16]). With buprenorphine, we also recorded significantly greater time to heroin relapse (2.17 [1.38-3.42]), and maximum consecutive days abstinent than with placebo (mean days 59 [95% CI 43-76] vs 24 [13-35]; p=0.003); however, for these outcomes, differences between buprenorphine and naltrexone were not significant. Differences between naltrexone and placebo were not significant for any outcomes. HIV risk behaviours were significantly reduced from baseline across all three treatments (p=0.003), but the reductions did not differ significantly between the three groups. INTERPRETATION: Our findings lend support to the widespread dissemination of maintenance treatment with buprenorphine as an effective public-health approach to reduce problems associated with heroin dependence. Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | DOUBLE-BLIND STUDIES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | IV DRUG USERS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | TREATMENT | SUBSTANCE ADDICTION | TIME FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Studies | Behavior | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 328675 |
| 20. Title: Paternal contribution of HLA-G*0106 significantly increases risk for pre-eclampsia in multigravid pregnancies. Author: Tan CY; Ho JF; Chong YS; Loganath A; Huak Y Source: Molecular Human Reproduction. 2008;14(5):317-324. Abstract: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Structural or functional alterations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G present at the maternal-fetal interface may predispose women to PE. We tested the HLA-G gene for association with PE in a case-control study of 83 PE and 240 normotensive Malay women. HLA-G was amplified in a single-tube multiplex-PCR reaction and genotyped for 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by multiplex-minisequencing. Case-control comparisons were performed, and associations with disease were expressed as odds ratios (ORs). Risk for PE was significantly associated with fetal allele G 0106 only in multigravid pregnancies (P = 0.002, OR = 5.0, 95% CI = 1.8-13.8). Among multigravid pregnancies, the frequency of PE babies heterozygous or homozygous for G 0106 was also significantly higher compared with normal control babies (P = 0.002, OR = 5.4, 95% CI = 1.9-15.4). Multivariate analyses with adjustment for factors associated with PE revealed similar results (P = 0.003, OR = 10.1, 95% CI = 2.2-46.8). Additionally, a significantly higher frequency of fetal-maternal G 0106 genotype mismatch was observed in PE compared with normal multigravid pregnancies (P = 0.001, OR = 9.6, 95% CI = 2.4-38.7). Thus, paternal HLA-G G*0106 contribution significantly increases risk for PE in multigravidas who do not carry this allele, potentially mediated by a gradual maternal alloimmune response to repeated exposure to the paternal HLA-G variant. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | GENETICS | PREGNANT WOMEN | FETAL TISSUE | PREECLAMPSIA | MULTIPARITY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Biology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fetal Membranes | Fetus | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Parity | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 327242 |
| 21. Title: Efficacy and tolerability of vardenafil in Asian men with erectile dysfunction. Author: Tan HM; Chin CM; Chua CB; Gatchalian E; Kongkanand A Source: Asian Journal of Andrology. 2008 May;10(3):495-502. Abstract: The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of vardenafil, a phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, in men of Asian ethnicity with erectile dysfunction (ED). In this prospective, double-blind, multinational study, Asian men were randomized to receive vardenafil (10 mg) or placebo (4:1 ratio) for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy variables were the International Index of Erectile Function erectile function domain (IIEF-EF), and Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) questions related to penetration and intercourse completion. Significant mean improvements were required in all three measures to show positive benefits of vardenafil treatment. Secondary efficacy variables included the Global Assessment Question (GAQ) on erection improvement. Least-squares mean baseline IIEF-EF domain scores (vardenafil 14.6, placebo 13.4) were consistent with moderate ED. After 12 weeks, vardenafil treatment was associated with significant increases from the baseline in IIEF-EF domain scores compared with the placebo (22.4 vs. 14.3; P less than 0.001). Vardenafil was associated with significant improvements from baseline in least squares (LS) mean success rates for SEP-2 (vardenafil 82.2 vs. placebo 43.6; P less than 0.001) and SEP-3 (vardenafil 66.1 vs. placebo 24.0; P less than 0.001). Positive GAQ responses were reported by 81.8% of vardenafil recipients vs. 24.3% of placebo recipients. Adverse events were reported by 25.4% of the vardenafil group, the majority mild and transient. Vardenafil (10 mg) is a highly effective and well-tolerated treatment for moderate ED in Asian men. These results add to the increasing amount of data demonstrating the safety and efficacy of vardenafil for the treatment of ED in a range of patient populations. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | SINGAPORE | THAILAND | PHILIPPINES | HONG KONG | CHINA | INDONESIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | DOUBLE-BLIND STUDIES | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | MEN | IMPOTENCE | DRUGS | SAFETY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Asia, Eastern | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Genital Effects, Male | Genitalia, Male | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Public Health Document Number: 326378 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: Dengue infection in pregnancy: Prevalence, vertical transmission, and pregnancy outcome. Author: Tan PC; Rajasingam G; Devi S; Omar SZ Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008 May;111(5):1111-1117. Abstract: The objective was to estimate prevalence rate of recent dengue infection in parturients, as well as the vertical transmission rate, and to compare pregnancy outcomes among infected women. A prospective cohort study was performed. Maternal and paired umbilical cord bloods were taken at delivery. A brief questionnaire on febrile illness and dengue in pregnancy was completed by participants. The samples were sent to a World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Arbovirus Reference and Research. Maternal sera were tested with a dengue-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture test. The paired umbilical cord serum was tested to determine when the maternal sample was positive. Dengue reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on all dengue IgM-positive sera. Pregnancy outcome was extracted from delivery records. A total of 2,958 parturients were enrolled, and 2,531 paired maternal-umbilical cord blood samples were available for testing. Dengue-specific IgM was positive in 63 of 2,531 (2.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-3.2%) maternal samples. Only 1 of 64 (1.6%, 95% CI 0.0-9.5%) of the paired umbilical cord sera was IgM-positive. All reverse transcriptase PCR tests were negative. Fifty-six of 63 (88.9%) of dengue IgM-positive women did not report a febrile illness in pregnancy. Apart from a higher mean age in dengue IgM-positive women of 30.6 plus or minus 5.2 compared with 29.2 plus or minus 4.9 years (P = .025) compared with dengue IgM-negative women, all other characteristics were similar. Rates of preterm birth, mode of delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, low birth weight, and neonatal outcomes were not different. Recent dengue infection was demonstrated in 2.5% of parturients, with a vertical transmission rate of 1.6%. Pregnancy outcome of recently infected women was not different. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | PREVALENCE | MOTHERS | DENGUE | MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | INFECTIONS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Measurement | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Transmission | Pregnancy | Reproduction Document Number: 326542 |
| 23. Title: Neurologic disorders are prevalent in HIV-positive outpatients in the Asia-Pacific region. Author: Wright E; Brew B; Arayawichanont A; Robertson K; Samintharapanya K Source: Neurology. 2008 Jul 1;71(1):50-6. Abstract: BACKGROUND: A total of 8.3 million HIV-positive people live in the Asia-Pacific region. The burden of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment and symptomatic sensory neuropathy in this region is unknown. METHODS: Between July 2005 and March 2006, we undertook a cross-sectional study at 10 sentinel sites within eight Asia-Pacific countries to determine the prevalence of moderate to severe HIV-related neurocognitive impairment and symptomatic sensory neuropathy. We clinically assessed and administered sensitive neuropsychological and peripheral neuropathy screening tools to 658 patients infected with HIV. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were applied to the data. RESULTS: The results showed that 76 patients (11.7%) (95% CI 9.3-14.2) were significantly neurocognitively impaired, 235 patients (36.4%) (95% CI 32.7-40.2) were depressed, and 126 patients (19.7%) (95% CI 16.6-22.8) had either definite or probable symptomatic sensory neuropathy; 63% of this last group had exposure to stavudine, didanosine, or zalcitabine. Several potential confounders including depression (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.88-2.51, p = 0.11) and prior CNS AIDS illness (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.50-2.89, p = 0.54) were not significantly associated with neurocognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: A total of 12% of patients had moderate to severe HIV-related neurocognitive impairment, 20% of patients had symptomatic sensory neuropathy, and 36% of patients had evidence of depression. This study provides a broad regional estimate of the burden of HIV-related neurologic disease and depression in the Asia-Pacific region. Language: English Keywords: ASIA | PAPUA NEW GUINEA | FIJI | MALAYSIA | THAILAND | CAMBODIA | INDONESIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | DEPRESSION | NEUROLOGIC EFFECTS | SCREENING | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | Developing Countries | Oceania | Asia, Southeastern | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Mental Disorders | Physiology | Biology | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior Document Number: 328324 |
| 24. Title: Early detection and prevention of domestic violence using the Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) in primary health care clinics in Malaysia. Author: Yut-Lin W; Othman S Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health. 2008 Apr;20(2):102-116. Abstract: Despite being an emergent major public health problem, little research has been done on domestic violence from the perspectives of early detection and prevention. Thus, this cross-sectional study was conducted to identify domestic violence among female adult patients attending health centers at the primary care level and to determine the relationship between social correlates of adult patients and domestic violence screening and subsequent help/health-seeking behavior if abused. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 710 female adult patients from 8 health centers in Selangor who matched the inclusion criteria and consented to participate in the study, using a structured questionnaire that included adaptation of a validated 8-item Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST). Statistical tests showed significant differences in ethnicity, income, and education between those screened positive and those screened negative for domestic violence. Of the participants, 92.4% reported that during consultations, doctors had never asked them whether they were abused by their husband/partner. Yet, 67.3% said they would voluntarily tell the doctor if they were abused by their husband/partner. The findings indicate that primary care has an important role in identifying domestic violence by applying the WAST screening tool, or an appropriate adaptation, with women patients during routine visits to the various health centers. Such assessment for abuse could be secondary prevention for the abused women, but more important, it will serve as primary prevention for nonabused women. This approach not only will complement the existing 1-stop crisis center policy by the Ministry of Health that copes with crisis intervention but also will spearhead efforts toward prevention of domestic violence in Malaysia. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | WOMEN | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | PREVALENCE | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | SCREENING | SOCIOMETRICS | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Measurement | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 326406 |
| 25. Title: The use of herbal medicines during pregnancy and perinatal mortality in Tumpat District, Kelantan, Malaysia. Author: Ab Rahman A; Ahmad Z; Naing L; Sulaiman SA; Hamid AM; Daud WN Source: Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 2007 Nov;38(6):1150-7. Abstract: The objective of this case-control study was to determine the association between herbal medicine use during pregnancy and perinatal mortality in Tumpat District, Kelantan, Malaysia. Cases were mothers who gave birth from June 2002 to June 2005 with a history of perinatal mortality, while controls were those without a history of perinatal infant mortality. A total of 316 mothers (106 cases and 210 controls) were interviewed. The use of unidentified herbs prepared by traditional midwives and other types of herbal medicines during the first trimester of pregnancy were positively associated with perinatal mortality (OR = 5.24, 95% CI = 1.13; 24.23 and OR = 8.90, 95%, CI = 1.35; 58.53, respectively). The use of unidentified "Orang Asli" herbs and coconut oil during the third trimester of pregnancy were negatively associated with perinatal mortality in Tumpat (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02; 0.59 and OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.25; 0.92, respectively). These findings suggest the use of unidentified "Orang Asli" herbs and coconut oil in late pregnancy are protective against perinatal mortality, while the use of unidentified herbs prepared by traditional midwives and other types of herbal medicines in early pregnancy has an increased risk of perinatal infant mortality. Pharmacological studies to confirm and identify the compounds in these herbs and their effects on the fetus should be conducted in the future. Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | PREGNANCY | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | PERINATAL MORTALITY | INFANT MORTALITY | DEATH RATE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Reproduction | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 329453 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Prevalence and predictors of low serum retinol and hypoalbuminaemia among children in rural Peninsular Malaysia. Author: Al-Mekhlafi MH; Azlin M; Aini UN; Shaik A; Sa'iah A Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2007 Dec;101(12):1233-1240. Abstract: Vitamin A deficiency and malnutrition are still considered public health problems in rural areas of developing countries, including Malaysia. A cross-sectional exploration study was carried out on 281 Orang Asli (Aborigine) children aged between 2 and 15 years in Selangor, Malaysia. The overall prevalence of low serum retinol (<70 micro mol/l) and hypoalbuminaemia (< 35 g/l) were 25.2 and 7.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that severe ascariasis, significant stunting and giardiasis were significantly associated with low concentration of serum retinol. As well as intestinal parasitic infections, low socio-economic status was a significant predictor of hypoalbuminaemia. Logistic regression analysis identified severe ascariasis and significant stunting as predictors of low serum retinol, while mixed intestinal parasitic infection and low household income were predictors of hypoalbuminaemia. In conclusion, control measures for intestinal parasitic infections should be included as one of the strategies for the prevention and control of malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in this population. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PREVALENCE | RURAL AREAS | CHILD | VITAMIN A | DEFICIENCY DISEASES | PARASITES | GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS | MALNUTRITION | INFECTIONS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Measurement | Geographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Vitamins and Minerals | Physiology | Biology | Nutrition Disorders | Diseases Document Number: 322064 |
| 27. Title: Delay in tuberculosis care: One link in a long chain of social inequities [editorial] Author: Allebeck P Source: European Journal of Public Health. 2007 Oct;17(5):409. Abstract: In public health teaching, tuberculosis (TB) has been a traditional example of how disease occurrence is determined by the triad agent, environment, host. And it has since long been standard textbook knowledge that there are strong socioeconomic determinants behind all three components: The agent is more prevalent and is spread more easily in conditions of crowding and poor hygienic conditions, and under these conditions several host factors are also more prevalent, such as malnutrition and alcoholism. In recent years another dimension has been added to the socioeconomic patterning of TB: An already very solid mass of research has highlighted the social and economic aspects of care and follow-up of patients with TB. A recent example of this research is the paper by Wang et al. in this issue of the journal, on differences in both patient's delay and doctor's delay in the diagnosis of TB, when comparing residents and non-residents (rural immigrants) in Shanghai. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | MALAYSIA | VIETNAM | CRITIQUE | RURAL AREAS | MIGRANT WORKERS | TUBERCULOSIS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | TREATMENT | HEALTH SERVICES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | USER COMPLIANCE | DRUGS | KNOWLEDGE | NEEDS | QUALITY CONTROL | MANAGEMENT | WHO | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Geographic Factors | Population | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Infections | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors Document Number: 321814 |
| 28. Title: Family law reform and the feminist debate: Actually-existing Islamic feminism in the Maghreb and Malaysia. Author: Archer B Source: Journal of International Women's Studies. 2007 May;8(4):49-59. Abstract: For an increasing number of Muslim women and women s rights activists, the stark disparity between the principles of justice and equality guaranteed by international and domestic legal norms on the one hand, and the oppressive environment of their homes that is legitimated by repressive family laws on the other, has acted as the catalyst for a unified call for reform. In the Maghreb, an influential Islamic feminist movement has successfully lobbied for family law reform, and this movement s positivist framework has recently been adopted as the model for Malaysia s increasingly vociferous demands for gender equality. Although secular feminists in the West frequently criticize the aims of this Islamic feminism as an oxymoronic anti-feminism, the Maghreby movement serves as proof that only an Islamic feminist reform model can serve as a pragmatic challenge to discriminatory laws. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NORTH AMERICA | MALAYSIA | CRITIQUE | WOMEN | ISLAM | FEMINISM | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | LAWS AND STATUTES | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | INEQUALITIES | Developed Countries | Americas | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Human Rights | Political Factors | Social Problems | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 319964 |
| 29. Title: Short duration of skin-to-skin contact: Effects on growth and breastfeeding. Author: Boo NY; Jamli FM Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2007 Dec;43(12):831-836. Abstract: The aim was to compare weight gain and head growth in very-low-birthweight (VLBW, less than 1501 g) infants with or without exposure to short duration of skin-to-skin contact (STSC) during their stay in a neonatal intensive care unit. Stable VLBW infants were randomised into either STSC or control group. Parents of the STSC group were encouraged to provide STSC for at least 1 h daily. One hundred and forty-six infants were randomised, but only 126 were enrolled (STSC group: n = 64; Controls: n = 62). Infants in the STSC group had better mean weekly increase in head circumference (1.0 cm (SD = 0.3) vs. 0.7 cm (SD = 0.3); P less than 0.0001) and higher breastfeeding rate at discharge (29.7% vs. 14.5%; P = 0.04). Although the mean duration of maternal education was longer in STSC (13.0 vs. 12.1 years; P = 0.04) than in controls, linear regression analysis showed that the significant predictors associated with weekly head growth were exposure to STSC (unstandardised coefficient: 0.2; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.1, 0.3; P less than 0.0001) and head circumference of infants at the time of enrolment (unstandardised coefficient: -0.05; 95% CI: -08, -0.03; P less than 0.0001); the number of years of maternal education was not a significant predictor. Logistic regression analysis showed that the only significant predictors of successful breastfeeding at discharge were receiving expressed breast milk at enrolment (adjusted OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.4, 11.7; P = 0.009) and receiving expressed breast milk during intervention period (adjusted OR: 8.3; 95% CI: 2.8, 24.4; P less than 0.0001); exposure to STSC and maternal education were not significant predictors. Exposure to short duration of STSC may promote head growth in VLBW infants. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | INFANT | MOTHERS | BREASTFEEDING | BONDING | GROWTH | BODY WEIGHT | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | TIME FACTORS | ANTHROPOMETRY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Studies | Data Analysis | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Interpersonal Relations | Behavior | Child Development | Biology | Physiology | Birth Weight | Population Dynamics | Measurement Document Number: 313973 |
| 30. Title: Documentation of self-care actions taken for somatic complaints by postmenopausal Malay women living in Kelantan Malaysia. Author: Dhillon HK; Mahmood NM; Singh H Source: Maturitas. 2007 Nov;58(3):241-248. Abstract: The aim of this study was to document some of the self-care actions taken by women in Kelantan to manage their somatic symptoms associated with menopause. A verified semi-structured questionnaire in the Malay language was administered to 326 naturally menopaused healthy women (mean age of 57.01+or-6.58 (S.D.) years) residing in Kelantan to determine the prevalence and types of self-care actions taken for their somatic complaints. Mean age at menopause was 49.4+or-3.4 (S.D.) years and 75% of these women were within the first 10 years of menopause. Of the four somatic symptoms, tiredness was the most prevalent followed by reduced level of mental concentration, musculoskeletal aches and pains, and backache. The prevalence of self-care actions was highest for backache (91%) and the lowest for reduced level of concentration (47.7%), and both prevalence and type of self-care action appear to depend upon the area of residence, and the educational level of the subject. Of those who took self-care actions,majority were from urban areas and with a higher educational level. Although HRT was used for all the four complaints, the use of pain relief tablets and traditional body massage was more commonly used for musculoskeletal aches and pains and backache than HRT. There was also a small fraction of women who had used the traditional herbs like 'akar kayu' and 'jamu' for these two complaints. It appears that the self-care actions used by postmenopausal-women in Kelantan for their somatic complaints ranged from HRT to a combination of conventional, traditional, and alternative remedies. The fraction of women taking self-care action varied from symptom to symptom and the choice of self-care action also depended upon the education level, socio-economic status and place where the respondents were domiciled. There was a tendency for the more affluent and educated women to use more of the modern practices and slightly less of the traditional remedies whereas the rural women did the opposite. This is the first study of its kind in Kelantan documenting the self-care practices of menopausal women for their somatic complaints. Clearly more studies are needed to document these practices and the effectiveness of these self-care remedies. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | SELF CARE | MENOPAUSE | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | PREVALENCE | FATIGUE | PAIN | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproduction | Diseases | Measurement | Socioeconomic Factors | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population Document Number: 322725 |
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