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Title: What if: How declines in teen births have improved poverty and child well-being in Maine.
Author: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Source: Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2005 Apr. 3 p.
Abstract: Years of research have closely linked teen pregnancy and early childbearing to a host of other critical social issues, including overall child health and well-being, out-of-wedlock births, educational attainment and workforce readiness, responsible fatherhood, and poverty in particular -- especially child poverty. For example, young children born to a mother who is a teenager, is not married, and did not finish high school are nine times more likely to be poor than children born to mothers without these three risk factors. Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing cost taxpayers at least $7 billion annually and place a serious economic burden on schools and on health, welfare and social service systems. The U.S. teen birth rate declined by 30 percent between 1991 and 2002--a significant decrease that has made major contributions to American communities. Illustrating this very point, the U.S. Congress' Joint Economic Committee completed an analysis in April 2004 that the National Campaign in turn summarized. The congressional study posed an intriguing question: if the nation's teen birth rate had remained at its 1991 level through 2002 (rather than decreasing as it did), how many more children would have been born to teen mothers and to single mothers, and what would have been the effect on poverty and on the living arrangements of children? Findings included the following: if teen birth rates had not declined nationally by 30 percent during that time, there would have been an additional 1.2 million more children born to teen mothers, approximately 460,000 additional children in poverty and almost 700,000 more children living with a single mother. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ONE PARENT FAMILY | BIRTH RATE | POVERTY | CHILD HEALTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | CAMPAIGNS | FERTILITY DECLINE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Measurements | Economic Factors | Health | Communication Programs | Communication | Fertility Changes
Document Number: 307039

Peer Reviewed

Title: US state rejects federal funding for abstinence only sex education.
Author: Tanne JH
Source: BMJ. British Medical Journal. 2005 Oct 1;331(7519):715.
Abstract: The United Nations� special envoy for HIV and AIDS in Africa, Stephen Lewis, has accused the United States of bowing to pressure from religious groups and promoting abstinence only programmes in Uganda to prevent HIV infection. Uganda has been one of Africa�s success stories in terms of HIV prevention. The rate of transmission of HIV declined from 15% a year in 1991 to 5% in 2001. One of the generally accepted reasons for the success has been President Yoweri Museveni�s acknowledgment of the epidemic as a serious problem. Unlike many other African leaders President Museveni has called for a nationwide fight against HIV and AIDS and has allowed non-governmental organisations to embrace the �ABC� approach (abstinence, be faithful, condoms) to reduce infection rates. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | CRITIQUE | STUDENTS | TEACHERS | GOVERNMENT | ABSTINENCE | SEX EDUCATION | FUNDS | SCHOOLS | LEGISLATION | FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Education | Political Factors | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Financial Activities | Economic Factors
Document Number: 292467

Title: Family life education in Maine public schools: a ten year look at changes in topics, policy and procedure.
Author: Caron SL; Moskey E
Source: Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality. 2004 Jul 28;7:[9] p..
Abstract: This survey provides information on the status of family life/sexuality education in the State of Maine from 1990 to 2000. Responses were provided from 274 Health Education teachers and Family and Consumer Sciences teachers surveyed in 1990 and 147 teachers surveyed in 2000 from Maine's middle schools and high schools. Information was obtained in five primary areas: 1) the topics they teach; 2) their perceptions of the purpose of family life/sexuality education; 3) policy and procedure issues; 4) community support and involvement; and 5) the changes they would like to see implemented. The results indicate that while it is encouraging to see the range of topics being presented in both middle schools and high schools in Maine, the overall findings indicate that very little progress has occurred over the past decade. Procedures and policy issues, as well as community involvement, and suggested changes are discussed. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | SUMMARY REPORT | SCHOOLS | FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION | SEX EDUCATION | DECISION MAKING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PREGNANCY | ABSTINENCE | POLICY | PROGRAM ACCEPTABILITY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Education | Behavior | Health | Reproduction | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 297107

6.
Title: Hostility, oral contraceptive use, and cardiovascular reactivity in women.
Author: Low KG; Casey G; Megroz A; Leonard K; McGuffie K
Source: Psychology and Health. 2001;16(6):675-687.
Abstract: Hostility, task instructions, social desirability and cardiovascular reactivity were investigated in a exploratory study of 70 female college students and employees. Women were administered the Videotaped Clinical Interview (VCI), the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC), the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (CM), the Buss-Durkee Hostility Index (BD) and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ) before undergoing a stressful discussion. Oral contraceptive (OC) users had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at baseline. Based on PAQ scores, women were given instructions for the discussion task consistent or inconsistent with their gender-relevant styles. Instruction type predicted heart rate changes, and interacted with hostility to predict DBP reactivity. Interview-based hostility (VCI-H) was associated with increased DBP during the discussion task, as was being high hostile (low MC/high VCI-H). The CM and the BD had less association with heart rate and blood pressure changes. OC use was associated with higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity under stress, with highest SBP increases in the OC users concerned with social desirability. The complex interaction between trait dimensions like hostility, social desirability, and OC use requires further investigation. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
MAINE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | STUDENTS | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS | STRESS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Physiology | Biology | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 172233

Title: Local population impacts and mitigation of sea level rise.
Author: Van Arsdol MD Jr; Constable A; Mageean DM; Lameka RA; Av Ruskin G
Source: [Unpublished] 2001. Presented at the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, IUSSP, 24th General Conference, Salvador, Brazil, August 18-24, 2001. 24 p.
Abstract: Using sea level rise (SLR) as an example, we describe a protocol to synthesize population/environment case studies that contribute to minimizing local impacts of global environmental change. We delineate areas of potential impact from SLR for the coterminous United States, ascertain and project SLR impacts for selected sandy beach urban sites in South Coast California and South Coast Maine, describe relevant local policy instruments, and summarize responses of local stakeholder populations. Findings are as follows: (1) Storm surges generate cutting edge SLR impacts. (2) Coastal population growth is the overriding proximate determinate of SLR impacts in the areas examined. (3) State and local policy instruments do not fully protect populations at risk. (4) Different stakeholder populations share a common fate from SLR, that may be a basis for developing adaptation and mitigation strategies. Demographers can contribute to protocols that assess impacts of climate change on local populations and develop appropriate responses. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CALIFORNIA | MAINE | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | POPULATION | POPULATION PRESSURE | ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | CLIMATE | PLANNING | LAWS AND STATUTES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Carrying Capacity | Natural Resources | Environment | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 192674

Title: Conducting adolescent sexuality research in schools: lessons learned.
Author: Blinn-Pike L; Berger T; Rea-Holloway M
Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2000 Sep-Oct;32(5):246-51, 265.
Abstract: Research that analyzes school-based health education programs usually includes the intervention's strategies, the instrument used to gauge its effectiveness, the sample sizes, and results. Issues related to recruiting and retaining of participants are rarely studied. Using school-based personnel as allies has been suggested in previous studies, but no studies have reported the outcome of this strategy when the research involves the topic of sexuality education. In this paper, the authors describe their experience using such a strategy in a longitudinal evaluation of Reducing the Risk curriculum, using 1141 adolescents within the 12 intervention schools in Maine in order to explore its impact on adolescent attitudes and behavior. The evaluation explored the supports and barriers to adopting curricula, the extent to which teachers implemented them and the types of modifications they made. Overall, the authors concluded that modifying a curriculum during implementation can reduce its effectiveness.
Language: English
Keywords:
MAINE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ADOLESCENTS | SEX EDUCATION | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | PROGRAM EVALUATION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 151920

9.
Title: Pre-conception planning. The relationship's the thing [editorial]
Author: Coustan DR
Source: DIABETES CARE. 1998 Jun;21(6):887-8.
Abstract: Congenital malformations occur more often in the offspring of diabetic mothers than in the offspring of non-diabetic control subjects. A statewide surveillance study in Maine determined that the implementation of a program of pre-conception counseling throughout the region was associated with a fourfold reduction in malformations when mothers received the service. Pre-conception counseling and the near normalization of glycemia in people with diabetes who are planning pregnancy have therefore come to be understood as rare opportunities to intervene to prevent major suffering at a highly reasonable cost. However, while pre-conception counseling of women with diabetes is widely accepted by health care professionals as effective and desirable, the dissemination of that information to women with diabetes has been problematic; far from all pregnant diabetic women receive pre-conception counseling. The findings of a study of diabetic women discharged after pregnancy from 15 hospitals in Washington State suggest the need for efforts to teach and involve diabetic women's partners before they become pregnant, more emphasis upon the relationship between the health care provider and the patient, and an explanation to diabetic women of the risks of pregnancy, yet with respect to their desire to bear children.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | WASHINGTON | RESEARCH REPORT | COUNSELING | DIABETES | PREGNANT WOMEN | RISK FACTORS | CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES | NEEDS | PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS | HUSBAND-WIFE COMMUNICATION | FAMILY PLANNING | SIDE EFFECTS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Diseases | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Economic Factors | Interpersonal Relations | Behavior | Partner Communication | Treatment
Document Number: 139236

10.
Title: Sex ratio and community size: notes from the northern Atlantic.
Author: Hamilton LC; Otterstad O
Source: POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT. 1998 Sep;20(1):11-22.
Abstract: In parts of the circumpolar North, smaller communities tend to have fewer young women than men, reflecting the disproportionate in-migration by non-native young men looking for employment. Sex ratio imbalances can also result from female out-migration from small villages, as observed among the native populations of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland. The authors examined plots of sex ratio versus community size in Norway, Iceland, Newfoundland, and Maine, considering almost every community within the study areas: 454 municipalities in Norway, 189 municipalities in Iceland, 385 places in Newfoundland, and 530 places in Maine. The correlation between sex ratio and community size is strongest in Norway. The results of multiple regression suggest that economic factors rather than community size in itself explain the observed patterns. That is, the percent of females among young adults tends to be lower in communities experiencing long-term population declines, dominated by fishing and other primary-industry employment, and therefore having relatively few jobs for women. Further socioeconomic changes in many resource-dependent Atlantic communities will likely occur as resources are depleted and large-scale environmental changes occur.
Language: English
Keywords:
NORWAY | ICELAND | CANADA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | RESEARCH REPORT | SEX RATIO | COMMUNITY | SIZE | ECONOMIC FACTORS | CLIMATE | EMPLOYMENT | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | North America, Northern | Americas | North America | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Examinations and Diagnoses | Environment | Macroeconomic Factors
Document Number: 135628

11.
Title: Assessing adolescent pregnancy -- Maine, 1980-1996.
Author: Kieltyka E; Foster J; Antonicci F; Wolman F; Hall D; Corkum B; Mills DA
Source: MMWR. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT. 1998 Jun 5;47(21):433-8.
Abstract: Adolescent pregnancy rates are declining throughout the US, but the decrease has been especially substantial in the state of Maine. This report summarizes the results of a collaborative evaluation of pregnancy rates among Maine adolescents 15-19 years of age in 1980-96 and the behavioral factors that may have contributed to this trend. During the study period, the adolescent pregnancy rate dropped from 67.9 to 45.6 pregnancies per 1000. The proportion of pregnancies among those who were unmarried increased from 58% to 82%, while that among women with a previous teen pregnancy dropped from 29% to 24%. Documented between 1984 and 1996 was a decline in the percentage of adolescents using oral contraceptives from 75% to 58% and an increase in condom use from 5% to 14% and in use of long-acting methods (primarily Norplant) from under 1% to 11%. From 1988 to 1996, the chlamydia rate (a proxy for unprotected intercourse) among females 15-19 years of age fell from 27 to 8 cases per 1000. Also recorded in 1980-96 was a decrease in the high school drop-out rate from 4% to 3% and an increase from 45% to 62% in the proportion of high school seniors who indicated a goal to pursue postsecondary education. As a result of these findings, the collaborating agencies have recommended the development of a prospective system to monitor and assess adolescent pregnancy rates and potential determinants of risk of adolescent pregnancy. Other states are urged to consider a similar prospective assessment to help guide research and prevention efforts.
Language: English
Keywords:
MAINE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY RATE | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | RISK FACTORS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | INFORMATION PROCESSING | CHANGES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Measurements | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Biology | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Information | Social Change
Document Number: 134588

12.
Title: Teenage pregnancy: no easy answers.
Source: NEWSOURCE. 1997 Summer;:1.
Abstract: While teen pregnancy and birth rates have risen in other parts of the country, rates in New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine have declined in the past 5 years and are well below the national averages. New Hampshire and Vermont have the lowest teen birth rates in the country, while Maine has the highest rate of oral contraceptive use among sexually active teens nationwide. Education and family planning services are essential components of what is needed to eliminate teen pregnancy. The President of Planned Parenthood of Northern New England (PPNNE) understands that teens need a place in which they feel comfortable and can get honest information and answers. To that end, PPNNE provides teens, often without an appointment, with birth control, screening for infection with sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy testing, counseling, and education. PPNNE works both with families and individual teens, making sure to serve even at risk and hard to reach populations. A teenage pregnancy prevention project with King Street Youth Center in Burlington, VT, works with at risk teens for 5 years, helping them to complete high school, find and keep part-time jobs, and learn about their capabilities and strengths. Teens who complete the program and graduate from high school are guaranteed acceptance into a local college or university.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | VERMONT | NEW HAMPSHIRE | MAINE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | SEX EDUCATION | HEALTH EDUCATION | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | IPPF | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Organizations | International Agencies
Document Number: 128235

13.
Title: The relationship between pregnancy intendedness and physical violence in mothers of newborns.
Author: Gazmararian JA; Adams MM; Saltzman LE; Johnson CH; Bruce FC; Marks JS; Zahniser SC
Source: OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY.. 1995 Jun;85(6):1031-8.
Abstract: The association between physical violence and unintended pregnancy was assessed in a questionnaire completed by 12,612 mothers of infants born during 1990-91 in Alaska, Maine, Oklahoma, and West Virginia (US). Respondents were asked if their husbands or partners hurt them during the 12 months preceding delivery. State-specific prevalence of physical violence ranged from 3.8 to 6.9%. In each state, higher rates of physical violence were reported by women who had less than 12 years of education, lived in crowded conditions, participated in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children, received no or delayed prenatal care, were non-White, were under 20 years of age, and were unmarried. The prevalence of unwanted or mistimed pregnancies ranged from 36.9 to 46.3%. Regardless of these attributes, women with mistimed or unwanted pregnancies reported higher rates of physical violence than their counterparts with intended pregnancies and accounted for 70% of physical abuse cases. Overall, women with unwanted pregnancies had 4.1 times the risk (95% confidence interval, 2.7-6.2) of experiencing physical violence than women with intended pregnancies. The odds for violence were greater among women with unwanted pregnancies who had greater social advantages (e.g., more education). Unintended pregnancies and domestic violence may be parts of the same problem of social disruption.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | ALASKA | OKLAHOMA | WEST VIRGINIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CORRELATION STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | WOMEN | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Statistical Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Crime | Social Problems | Measurement | Biology | Economic Factors
Document Number: 142321

14.
Title: Physical violence during the 12 months preceding childbirth --Alaska, Maine, Oklahoma, and West Virginia, 1990-1991.
Author: VandeCastle M; Danna J; DeCoster E; Thomas T
Source: MMWR. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT.. 1994 Mar 4;43(8):132-7.
Abstract: This study examined the prevalence of physical violence against women during the 12 months preceding childbirth and its relation to maternal characteristics in Alaska, Maine, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. Using the 1990 and the 1991 data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, varied percentages of women reporting physical abuse among the four states were noted: from 3.8% in Maine to 6.9% in Oklahoma. Overall, the report indicated that in each state, higher rates of physical violence were associated with low educational attainment, race, marital status, age, living conditions, participation in prenatal care, and unintended pregnancy. In addition, this article cites recommendations for health care providers to be aware of the risk among all pregnant women; for efforts to effectively identify victims; for evaluations of intervention programs; and for further examinations of the patterns of violence during pregnancy.
Language: English
Keywords:
ALASKA | MAINE | OKLAHOMA | WEST VIRGINIA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | VIOLENCE | WOMEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREGNANCY | PREVALENCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Behavior | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Population Characteristics | Reproduction | Measurement | Research Methodology
Document Number: 142790

15.
Title: Pregnancy planning and pre-conception counseling.
Author: Adams MM; Bruce FC; Shulman HB; Kendrick JS; Brogan DJ
Source: OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY. 1993 Dec;82(6):955-9.
Abstract: The use of data collected by the US Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) on 12,452 new mothers from Maine, Michigan, Oklahoma, and West Virginia who gave birth in 1988-90 enabled estimations of the need for preconception counseling. 60% of the study subjects indicated their pregnancy was planned, 30% had mistimed pregnancies, and 10% had unwanted pregnancies. A planned pregnancy was positively associated with more than 12 years of education and maternal age over 29 years. Also revealed was a significant association between unwanted pregnancy and each of the major prenatal risk factors--maternal smoking in the 3-month period preceding conception, consumption of 3 or more alcoholic drinks/week in the 3 months before conception, maternal body mass index under 20 kg/sq.m, and delayed initiation of prenatal care beyond the 1st trimester. Overall, 32% of mothers had none of these risk factors; another 30% had 1 or more of these behaviors but did not plan their pregnancies. Thus, 62% of study subjects either had no indicator necessitating preconception counseling or could not use this service due to the unplanned nature of the pregnancy. This results in a figure of 38% of women who could have benefitted from such a service. Needed are studies that investigate the association between preconception counseling and pregnancy outcome.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | MICHIGAN | OKLAHOMA | WEST VIRGINIA | SURVEYS | CORRELATION STUDIES | PREGNANCY, PLANNED | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | RISK FACTORS | TOBACCO USE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | BODY WEIGHT | ANTENATAL CARE | NEEDS | COUNSELING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Statistical Studies | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Behavior | Physiology | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Factors | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 091777

16.
Title: Predictors of condom-related behaviors among first-year college students.
Author: Caron SL; Davis CM; Halteman WA; Stickle M
Source: JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH. 1993 Aug;30(3):252-9.
Abstract: With the goal of obtaining data for use in the development of interventions to increase the frequency and consistency of condom use among sexually active youths, the authors explored predictors of condom-related behavior among 330 1st-year college students at the University of Maine. Questionnaires assessing the frequency of condom use, reasons for using condoms, and attitudes toward condoms, sexuality, and the double standard were mailed to a random sample of 800 students aged 18-22 years, of median age 18, at the beginning of their 2nd semester of college. 199 women and 131 men responded for an overall response rate of 41%, and 77% reported coming from rural communities. 86.4% of respondents reported having experienced sexual intercourse, with 34.2% of those sexually experienced reporting 2 or more new sex partners since coming to college. 80.3% of those who had engaged in sexual intercourse since arriving at college reported using a condom, although only 20.7% of students who had ever engaged in sexual intercourse reported using a condom every time. Logistic analysis led to findings which suggest that efforts must be made to increase positive attitudes toward condoms. Moreover, more research and studies with higher response rates are needed. Recommendations for educating 1st-year college students are provided.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | LOGISTIC MODEL | SAFER SEX | CONDOMS | ADOLESCENTS | ATTITUDES | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Mathematical Model | Theoretical Models | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Education | Schools
Document Number: 092597

17.
Title: An Act to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 39, Chapter 13, Part 5, to require that certain tests be performed on persons arrested for committing certain criminal offenses [30 April 1992].
Author: United States. Tennessee
Source: PUBLIC ACTS. 1992;:944-5. Chapter 948.
Abstract: This Act requires a court to order any defendant convicted of the crime of prostitution to submit to a test for HIV. Such a defendant shall pay for the test and shall receive counseling if the test results are positive. On 10 April 1992, the state of Kentucky enacted legislation requiring HIV testing for persons convicted of sex crimes. Persons who have been charged with such crimes shall be notified of the availability of HIV testing. See State Session Laws, 1992, Chapter 389, pp. 1119-1120. On 28 February 1992, the state of South Dakota amended legislation allowing the testing of defendants in sexual assault cases, at the request of victims, to authorize such testing in cases of assault or violence and to allow a law enforcement officer to make such a request. See State Session Laws, 1992, Chapter 172, pp. 245-246. In 1992, the state of Maine enacted legislation to allow a court, at a victim's request, to require an HIV test of a person convicted of gross sexual assault. Before such an order is made, a victim must prove that an alleged exposure to blood or bodily fluids created a significant risk of HIV infection and that consent was not given by the offender for voluntary testing. See Maine Revised Statutes, Title 5, Part 23, Chapter 501, Section 19203-E. On 3 April 1992, the state of Oklahoma enacted legislation requiring all prisons and correctional institutions to notify correctional officers when an inmate is infected with HIV or has AIDS. See State Session Laws, 1992, pp. 109-110.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OKLAHOMA | SOUTH DAKOTA | TENNESSEE | MAINE | KENTUCKY | LAWS AND STATUTES | TESTING | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | CRIME | PRISONERS | RAPE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Measurement | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems
Document Number: 087263

18.
Title: Women's perceptions of tubal ligation.
Author: DeRaps PK
Source: Ann Arbor, Michigan, University Microfilms International, 1992. [12], 101 p. (Order No. 9301703) Doctoral dissertation, Boston College, 1992.
Abstract: A doctoral student interviewed 10 25-45 year old women in their homes in central Maine who had undergone tubal ligation 2-9 years earlier to learn their perceptions of tubal ligation from their point of view. Qualitative research methods used were naturalistic inquiry and grounded theory. There were several levels of meaning for the decision to undergo tubal ligation. No more pregnancies translated into pregnancies were too difficult, the women had been ill, or they had had too many cesarean sections. No more children meant accomplishment of a long-held plan, concern that rising age would threaten their health or future children's health, or lack of financial resources to raise more children. Prior to tubal ligation, providers did not give any of the 10 women enough information to fulfill the conditions of informed consent. The providers presented information on sequelae, dangers, risks, and benefits in different levels of detail. Since the women made the decision to undergo tubal ligation based on their unique circumstances, the women had difficulty describing the decision-making process. The women used the care and responsibility decision-making ethic which was moral and contextual. Factors contributing to the process included multiple methods and contraception, fear of abortion, increasing age, financial fears, refusal of partner to be sterilized, and hospitalized for the birth of the last child. In all cases, the women themselves made the decision and then told their partners their decision. Factors that did not affected the process were lack of information, mistreatment by physicians, and sequelae of the tubal ligation. Changes occurred to these women after tubal ligation and the birth of their last child. The most difficult change was emotional instability with a feeling of loss of control over their emotions. Nurses should integrate these findings into their current knowledge and theories.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | INTERVIEWS | TUBAL LIGATION | PERCEPTION | DECISION MAKING | COUNSELING | INFORMED CONSENT | ETHICS | NURSES AND NURSING | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | WHITES | WOMEN | TUBAL OCCLUSION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Female Sterilization | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Evaluation | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 081857

19.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Oral contraceptive type and functional ovarian cysts.
Author: Lanes SF; Birmann B; Walker AM; Singer S
Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY. 1992 Mar;166(3):956-61.
Abstract: It was hypothesized that multiphasic, low-dose monophasic, and high-dose monophasic oral contraceptives (OCs) share a common protective effect against functional ovarian cysts. A cohort study using the automatic files of Maine Medicaid examined a population of 7462 women between ages 15-44 who were given an OC between January 1, 1987-December 31, 1988. Included as cases were 32 women with a principal diagnosis of functional ovarian cyst confirmed by medical records as being >20 mm in diameter. Among women prescribed multiphasic pills, there was a decreasing rate of functional ovarian cyst (rate ratio .91, 95% confidence interval .3000-2.31), low-dose monophasic pills with 35 mcg estrogen (rate ratio .24, 95% confidence interval .01-1.34). The protective effects of OCs against functional ovarian cysts reported previously for high-dose monophasic pills may be attenuated with the newer pills with lower hormonal potency. (author's modified)
Language: English
Keywords:
MAINE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OVARIAN CYSTS | INCIDENCE | DATA ANALYSIS | CLASSIFICATION | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, LOW-DOSE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, PHASIC | SIDE EFFECTS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, SIDE EFFECTS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Oral Contraceptives, Combined | Treatment | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Public Health | Health
Document Number: 071538

20.
Title: Chapter 573 of Laws of 1989, 11 July 1989.
Author: United States. Maine
Source: ANNUAL REVIEW OF POPULATION LAW. 1989;16:41, 318-22. From: Maine Revised Statutes Annotated, Title 22, Section 1597-A.
Abstract: This document contains provisions of the 1989 Law of Maine relating to parental consent for abortions in cases where the pregnant minor is under 18 years old. Before an abortion can be performed on a minor, the physician must obtain the informed written consent of the minor and one parent, guardian, or adult family member. The fact that the minor has received legally required information and counseling must also be certified in writing. A court may grant the minor the right to sole consent to the abortion by following specific procedures laid out in this law. The information to be given to the minor by an attending physician is specified and includes the duration of the pregnancy and the risks involved with pregnancy and abortion. Counseling is to include information on the options of keeping the baby, placing the baby in a foster or adoptive home, prenatal and postnatal care, and information about having an abortion. The minor is also to be informed about the agencies which can help her if she decided to follow any of these options. An abortion can only be performed against a minor's will if it is ordered by a court and is necessary to save the life of the minor.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | LAWS AND STATUTES | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION | MINORS | PARENTAL CONSENT | INFORMED CONSENT | COUNSELING | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 078417 Notification

21.
Title: Preconceptional family health evaluation: bringing clinical genetics education to New England family planning patients.
Author: Gardiner GB; Guttmacher AE; Lea DH
Source: [Unpublished] 1989. Presented at the National Society of Genetics Counselors Tenth Continuing Education Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, November 9, 1989. 16, [3] p.
Abstract: The New England Regional Genetics Group sponsored a 2-year Family Health Evaluation Project in a 6-state area to improve education of personal reproductive risks and options and to improve access to medical genetics services. Results of the 1st year of the project, involving feasibility studies, development of a risk assessment tool, design of a training program, and data collection and evaluation are presented. Staff and clients of family planning clinics in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Rhode Island were interviewed and given a voluntary, self-administered tool, called the Genetic Risk Scoring Instrument, to assess genetic risk. This tool has been used in Wisconsin, Texas and New York. Results of interviews at a site in Maine were discussed in some detail. The main concerns of the staff were time and the issue of 2nd trimester abortion. A client expressed interest but stated she would delay acting on information about genetic risks if it were presented. Clinics in New Hampshire and Vermont are strongly considering the program. Year 2 will involve training of staff and implementation in pilot sites.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | HEREDITARY DISEASES | CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES | CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES | FAMILY PLANNING CENTERS | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | GENETIC COUNSELING | PLANNING METHODOLOGY | HEALTH EDUCATION | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Diseases | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organization and Administration | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Counseling | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Planning | Education
Document Number: 060512

22.
Title: Milton v. Cary Medical Center, 22 February 1988.
Author: United States. Maine. Supreme Judicial Court
Source: ANNUAL REVIEW OF POPULATION LAW. 1988;15:48-9. From: 538 A.2d 252.
Abstract: In Maine, the parents of a viable fetus brought a wrongful death action charging a hospital and physician with negligence resulting in the death of the fetus. The Court held that, for the purposes of the state's wrongful death statute, a fetus is not a person and that the action could not be maintained. In 1988, other US courts reached the following decisions: 1) a viable fetus is not a human being as defined by the aggravated vehicular homicide statute of Kansas (State vs. Trudell); 2) there is no cause of action in Illinois by or on the behalf of a fetus, subsequently born alive, against its mother for unintentional infliction of prenatal injuries (Stallman vs. Youngquist); 3) a mother has a medical malpractice cause of action in Florida for negligent or intentional tortious injury to a subsequently stillborn fetus, as living tissue of her body (Singleton vs. Ranz); 4) a fetus is not a person within the meaning of the Oklahoma's state assault and battery statute (State vs. Harbert); 5) an unborn child is an "eligible insured person" within the meaning of personal injury protection endorsement of an insurance policy in New Jersey (Sobeck vs. Centennial Insurance Co.); 6) the infliction of injuries on a fetus who was born alive, but died as a result of such injuries, is within the federal statutory definition of murder (US vs. Spencer); 7) the parents of an unborn fetus cannot recover damages for loss of society in Illinois (Denham vs. Burlington Northern Railroad Company); 8) an unborn child is included within the meaning of "insured" in an insurance policy in Florida (McNamara vs. Seibert); 9) absent physical injury to the mother, a mother may not recover for emotional psychic harm suffered as the result of a stillborn child in New York (McLean vs. Lilling); 10) damages for loss of society, comfort, and companionship can be recovered in an action for the wrongful death of an unborn child in North Dakota (Hopkins vs. McBane); 11) a fetus is not a person within the meaning of the wrongful death act in New Jersey (Giardina vs. Bennett); 12) a defendant who was acquitted of manslaughter for the death of a "fetus" because a fetus is not a human being for the purposes of the crime of manslaughter cannot subsequently be charged with the manslaughter of an "unborn child" in North Carolina (State vs. Parsons); and 13) a child who dies during delivery after its head becomes entrapped in its mother's cervix is not born alive for the purposes of the wrongful death statute of Texas (Wheeler vs. Kersting).
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | COURT DECISION | FETUS | SOCIAL PROTECTION | MEDICAL LIABILITY | HOMICIDE | FETAL VIABILITY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Litigation | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Crime | Social Problems
Document Number: 085788

23.
Title: Estimating fetal morbidity and mortality resulting from cigarette smoke exposure by measuring cotinine levels in maternal serum.
Author: Haddow JE; Knight GJ; Palomaki GE; Haddow PK
Source: PROGRESS IN CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH. 1988;281:289-300.
Abstract: An essay for cotinine levels in maternal serum was used to define cigarette smoking exposure level and fetal morbidity and mortality. Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, has a circulating half-life of about a day, making it more reliable than nicotine as an indicator or active and passive smoke exposure. Maternal smoking has been linked in previous studies with low Apgar scores, low birthweight, decreased placental blood flow, fetal activity, fetal breathing movements, depressed prostacyclin synthesis in umbilical artery, increased perinatal mortality and spontaneous abortion. In this study, 8063 2nd trimester pregnant women whose serum had been collected and frozen in 1979-1983 were analyzed for smoking habit determined from intake questionnaires. Cotinine levels correlated with 95% of those reporting no smoking, and 93% of those reporting smoking. Smokers with cotinine <10 ng/ml was higher than expected, possible because some women quit before blood was drawn. Cotinine levels did not correlate as well as number of cigarettes per day reported. There was a significant association between serum cotinine and birthweight at the 10 and 20 cigarette/day level, and a trend toward a link between cotinine and fetal deaths in 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Among infants of the 30% of women exposed to passive smoke whose serum cotinine levels were 1 ng/ml, the average birth weight was 107 g lower than those of non-exposed women, a difference remaining after controlling for maternal weight and height, infant's sex, maternal age, gravidity and education.
Language: English
Keywords:
MAINE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | TOBACCO USE | MORBIDITY | FETAL DEATH | RISK FACTORS | ALKALOIDS | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | SUBSTANCE ADDICTION | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Diseases | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Organic Chemicals | Ingredients and Chemicals | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Social Problems | Examinations and Diagnoses
Document Number: 061731

24.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Predictors of prenatal care utilization.
Author: McDonald TP; Coburn AF
Source: Social Science and Medicine. 1988;27(2):167-72.
Abstract: Despite substantial evidence linking improved pregnancy outcomes with receipt of prenatal care and recent improvements in prenatal care utilization, specific subpopulations continue to receive inadequate or less than adequate care. The study reported here examined the predictive power of a set of variables describing the type of financial coverage available to the mother, attributes of the mother, father, and family, and characteristics of the health care system. A stratified random sample of mothers was generated from state birth certificate files and surveyed through the use of a mailed questionnaire. Stratification was designed to assure adequate representation of subgroups expected to receive less adequate prenatal care. The study findings indicate that there were deficiencies in prenatal care utilization and that these deficiencies were concentrated in specific areas and subpopulations within the state. While the majority of women in the study started prenatal care in the recommended 1st trimester, most did not maintain the recommended schedule of visits with their care provider. The following conditions were found to reduce the likelihood of receiving adequate care after controlling for service need: younger women (particularly adolescents); less educated (particularly those without a high school education); low income; longer travel time; Medicaid recipient; and rural resident. In addition, it was found that where 1 lives is a significant predictor of the adequacy of prenatal care even after controlling for all of the above variables. The authors conclude that it is important in assessing potential policy and program options for reducing differentials in prenatal care use to distinguish between economic and noneconomic barriers to utilization. Receipt of Medicaid does not assure adequate prenatal care use. Assuring continuity of care may be more difficult to achieve than initiating care in the 1st trimester. The fact that dramatic variations exist in prenatal care utilization raises additional concerns that the content and quality of this care may also be a problem for some groups. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
MAINE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH AMERICA | AMERICAS | ANTENATAL CARE | EVALUATION | MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES | MEDICINE | HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | MACROECONOMIC FACTORS | DATA COLLECTION | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | PARITY | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | DATA ANALYSIS | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developed Countries | Developing Countries | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health | Economic Factors | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Status | Health Services Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 054280

25.
Title: The decision to end childbearing by sterilization.
Author: Abell PK
Source: FAMILY RELATIONS. 1987 Jan;36(1):66-71.
Abstract: The permanent and voluntary decision to end childbearing was examined using Gilligan's orientation to moral development. In this exploratory study of the leading method of contraception, 26 women between the ages of 30 and 44 with at least 2 children were interviewed shortly before and 1 year after a tubal ligation procedure was performed. It was found that each woman used 1 of 5 perspectives of moral thought which described the sense of care and responsibility to self and others in the context of family relationships. Level 1 is preconventional thought, level 2 is conventional thought, and level 3 is post-conventional thought. Between each level is a transition which comprises another structure. In the initial data collection, there were no women at level 1, the preconventional level. 2 women exhibited thinking at the transitional stage between level 1 and level 2, the conventional level. 5 women were thinking about this decision at the conventional level, 2. 56% or 15 of the women who participated in the study were characteristic of thinking in the transition from level 2 to level 3. The highest level of moral development, postconventional, was attained by 4 women. Effects of the decision such as changes in self-perception, sexual relationships, fear of pregnancy, perception of the responsibility for the decision and time making the decision are identified.
Language: English
Keywords:
MAINE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH AMERICA | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | FEMALE STERILIZATION | STERILIZATION, SEXUAL | ETHICS | DECISION MAKING | THEORETICAL MODELS | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | SEX BEHAVIOR | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | SELF-PERCEPTION | Americas | Developed Countries | Family Planning | Behavior | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Perception | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 063619

26.
Title: County characteristics and elderly net migration rates: a three-decade regional analysis.
Author: Meyer JW
Source: RESEARCH ON AGING. 1987 Sep;9(3):441-56.
Abstract: A model comprising county characteristics measuring amenities, urbanization, service characteristics, and sociodemographic characteristics explains substantial proportions of the variation in new migration rates for the young and old elderly for 3 different decades in New England (1940-1950, 1950-1960, and 1970-1980). Over time (1940-1980), both the net migration rate patterns of the 2 age groups and the county characteristics that made significant contributions to explanation of the 2 groups' rates become more similar. The model is least successful for the 1950-1960 decade, suggesting support for the turnaround thesis. However, at the regional scale of analysis, both amenity and urbanization characteristics associated with high rates of net migration do not substantiate a turnaround in migration behavior. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH AMERICA | OLDER ADULTS | ADULTS | OLDER ADULTS, 80 AND OVER | INTERNAL MIGRATION | MIGRATION | CONNECTICUT | MAINE | MASSACHUSETTS | NEW HAMPSHIRE | RHODE ISLAND | VERMONT | TIME FACTORS | URBANIZATION | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | THEORETICAL MODELS | Developed Countries | Americas | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Economic Factors | Research Methodology
Document Number: 208153

27.
Title: Parental consent for abortion: impact of the Massachusetts law.
Author: Cartoof VG; Klerman LV
Source: American Journal of Public Health. 1986 Apr;76(4):397-400.
Abstract: This study assessed the impact of the Massachusetts' parental consent law, which requires unmarried women under age 18 to obtain parental or judicial consent before having an abortion. The law was implemented in 1981 after several years of legislative and judicial debate. Data were analyzed on monthly totals of abortions and births to Massachusetts minors and non-minors prior to and following the implementation of the law. The time period stretched from 1977 through 1982. Data were also collected on Massachusetts minors obtaining abortions in 5 surrounding states from 1980-1982. The data were examined for trend, and analyzed statistically using a univariate time series method. Interviews held with abortion clinic counselors and administrators helped to approximate the proportion of minors choosing each consent option after the law went into effect. Findings indicate that 1/2 as many minors obtained abortions in the state during the 20 months after the law went into effect as had done so previously. More than 1800 minors residing in Massachusetts traveled to 5 surrounding states during these 20 months to avoid the statute's mandates. This group accounts for the reduction in in-state abortions. A small number of minors (50 to 100) bore children rather than abort during 1982, perhaps because of the law. Findings suggest that this state's parental consent law had little effect on adolescents' pregnancy resolution behavior.
Language: English
Keywords:
MASSACHUSETTS | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH AMERICA | ABORTION LAW | JURISPRUDENCE | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | INFORMED CONSENT | PARENTS | ABORTION RATE | ABORTION | DATA ANALYSIS | RESEARCH REPORT | CHANGES | NEW HAMPSHIRE | RHODE ISLAND | CONNECTICUT | MAINE | NEW YORK | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Research Methodology | Social Change
Document Number: 268660 Notification

28.
Title: Northeast: 1984 population and 1983 per capita income estimates for counties and incorporated places.
Author: Starsinic DE
Source: CURRENT POPULATION REPORTS. SERIES P-26, LOCAL POPULATION ESTIMATES. 1986 Jun;(84-NE-SC):i-iv, 1-82.
Abstract: This report is 1 of 5 regional reports containing current estimates of July 1, 1984, population and calendar year 1983 per capita money income for all general purpose government units in each state in the Northeast US. Areas included in this series of reports are 1) counties (or county equivalents), 2) incorporated places, and 3) active minor civil divisions (MCDs). The detailed tables show the July 1, 1984, population estimate and the April 1, 1980, census population for each area, along with the numerical and percentage change between 1980 and 1984. In addition, they present the 1983 per capita money income estimates, together with the 1979 per capita money income and the percentage change between these 2 figures. These estimates are presented for each state in the region in county order, with all incorporated places in each county listed in alphabetical order, followed by any functioning MCDs also listed in alphabetical order.
Language: English
Keywords:
CONNECTICUT | MAINE | MASSACHUSETTS | NEW HAMPSHIRE | NEW JERSEY | NEW YORK | PENNSYLVANIA | RHODE ISLAND | VERMONT | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH AMERICA | POPULATION SIZE | INCOME | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | TABLES AND CHARTS | STATISTICS | AREA ANALYSIS | Developed Countries | Americas | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Research Methodology
Document Number: 206205

30.
Title: Longterm migration patterns of the elderly: a typology based on the New England case.
Author: Meyer JW
Source: Providence, Rhode Island, Brown University, Population Studies and Training Center, 1985. 23 p. (PSTC Working Paper Series No. WP-85-05)
Abstract: This study develops a typology of long-term trends (1930-1980) in elderly migration rates in the US, focusing on intraregional variation by county rather than national variation. It examines the longitudinal variation in net migration patterns of the young (65-74) and old (75+) elderly in New England's 67 counties. The 1st phase of the analysis bases migration rate types on temporal patterns. The 2nd phase generalizes from the temporally descriptive types to a typology based on county characteristics. About 60% of the 134 possible categorization fall into 3 categories (positive rate, negative rate, and turnaround counties)k. About 1/2 the counties have similar patterns for both the young and old elderly. Counties falling into the miscellaneous category have mixed patterns of losses and gains over time. The author then uses discriminating variables in differentiating the 4 categories in the typology. For the young-old population, the 13 variables can be used to correctly categorize 76.1% of the counties. Almost 2/3 of the counties can be correctly classified into the 4 categories of the 75 and over population's net migration typology. The positive-rate category, with positive net migration rates for 5 decades, is clearly associated with counties that have a long-standing retirement and recreation reputation. Counties with large, old, declining cities comprise the bulk of the negative-rate category. The turnaround category with negative net migration rates followed by increasingly positive rates, consists of counties that have become migration destinations more recently-- nonmetropolitan, with recently developed recreational resources. At a national level, the age factor may be more important in the analysis of net migration rates.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MAINE | CONNECTICUT | NEW HAMPSHIRE | RHODE ISLAND | VERMONT | MASSACHUSETTS | OLDER ADULTS | OLDER ADULTS, 80 AND OVER | MIGRATION | TURNAROUND MIGRATION | COUNTIES | TIME FACTORS | POPULATION SIZE | MOTIVATION | INCOME | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Internal Migration | Administrative Districts | Geographic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 203872


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