1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Early repeated infections with Trichomonas vaginalis among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Author: Kissinger P; Secor WE; Leichliter JS; Clark RA; Schmidt N Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2008 Apr;46(7):994-999. Abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine whether early repeated infections due to Trichomonas vaginalis among human immunuodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative women are reinfections, new infections, or cases of treatment failure. Women attending an HIV outpatient clinic and a family planning clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana, who had culture results positive for T. vaginalis were treated with 2 g of metronidazole under directly observed therapy. At 1 month, detailed sexual exposure and sexual partner treatment information was collected. Isolates from women who had clinical resistance (i.e., who tested positive for a third time after treatment at a higher dose) were tested for metronidazole susceptibility in vitro. Of 60 HIV-positive women with trichomoniasis, 11 (18.3%) were T. vaginalis positive 1 month after treatment. The 11 recurrences were classified as 3 probable reinfections (27%), 2 probable infections from a new sexual partner (18%), and 6 probable treatment failures (55%); 2 of the 6 patients who experienced probable treatment failure had isolates with mild resistance to metronidazole. Of 301 HIV-negative women, 24 (8.0%) were T. vaginalis positive 1 month after treatment. The 24 recurrences were classified as 2 probable reinfections (8%) and 22 probable treatment failures (92%); of the 22 patients who experienced probable treatment failure, 2 had strains with moderate resistance to metronidazole, and 1 had a strain with mild resistance to metronidazole. HIV-positive women were more likely to have sexual re-exposure than were HIV-negative women, although the rate of treatment failure was similar in both groups. High rates of treatment failure among both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women indicate that a 2-g dose of metronidazole may not be adequate for treatment of some women and that rescreening should be considered. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | WOMEN | TRICHOMONIASIS | VAGINAL ABNORMALITIES | HIV INFECTIONS | COMPLICATIONS | ANTIBIOTICS | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | PREVALENCE | DRUG RESISTANCE | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Demographic Factors | Population | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Measurement Document Number: 325248 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: A positive orientation toward early motherhood is associated with unintended pregnancy among New Orleans youth. Author: Afable-Munsuz A; Speizer I; Magnus JH; Kendall C Source: Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2006 May;10(3):265-276. Abstract: Characterizing young women's willingness to enter motherhood is critical to understanding the high rates of unintended pregnancy among women under 20 years. Our objectives were to discuss a measure called Positive Orientation towards Early Motherhood (POEM), and investigate its association with self-reported unintended pregnancy experience. We used data from 332 African-American women 13--19 years old recruited at public family planning and prenatal clinics in New Orleans. Using a series of ANOVAs and multinomial logistic regression, we assessed differences in POEM between four different outcome groups: women who were never pregnant and those who had only intended pregnancies, only unintended pregnancies and both unintended and intended pregnancies. The data suggested that young women perceive pregnancy as an opportunity to assert responsibility, become closer with their families and achieve greater intimacy with their boyfriends. Multiple regression analysis indicated that this positive orientation toward early motherhood independently raised the likelihood that young women experienced unintended pregnancies. In particular, the perception that a pregnancy makes a young woman feel more responsible was associated with an increased likelihood that a young woman had only unintended pregnancies compared to no pregnancies at all. Interestingly, this perception did not differentiate young women who had only intended pregnancies from those who were never pregnant. When interpreting reports of unintended pregnancy, more attention should be given to young women's orientation toward early motherhood. Doing so will inform policies that address both personal and structural factors that contribute to persistently high rates of unintended pregnancy among adolescents. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LOUISIANA | RESEARCH REPORT | YOUTH | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | MEASUREMENT | INEQUALITIES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Research Methodology | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 302343 |
3.  Title: What if: How declines in teen births have improved poverty and child well-being in Louisiana. Author: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy Source: Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2005 Apr. 3 p. Abstract: Years of research have closely linked teen pregnancy and early childbearing to a host of other critical social issues, including overall child health and well-being, out-of-wedlock births, educational attainment and workforce readiness, responsible fatherhood, and poverty in particular -- especially child poverty. For example, young children born to a mother who is a teenager, is not married, and did not finish high school are nine times more likely to be poor than children born to mothers without these three risk factors. Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing cost taxpayers at least $7 billion annually and place a serious economic burden on schools and on health, welfare and social service systems. The U.S. teen birth rate declined by 30 percent between 1991 and 2002--a significant decrease that has made major contributions to American communities. Illustrating this very point, the U.S. Congress' Joint Economic Committee completed an analysis in April 2004 that the National Campaign in turn summarized. The congressional study posed an intriguing question: if the nation's teen birth rate had remained at its 1991 level through 2002 (rather than decreasing as it did), how many more children would have been born to teen mothers and to single mothers, and what would have been the effect on poverty and on the living arrangements of children? Findings included the following: if teen birth rates had not declined nationally by 30 percent during that time, there would have been an additional 1.2 million more children born to teen mothers, approximately 460,000 additional children in poverty and almost 700,000 more children living with a single mother. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LOUISIANA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ONE PARENT FAMILY | BIRTH RATE | POVERTY | CHILD HEALTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | CAMPAIGNS | FERTILITY DECLINE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Measurements | Economic Factors | Health | Communication Programs | Communication | Fertility Changes Document Number: 307036 |
| 4. Peer Reviewed Title: Understanding pregnancy in a population of inner-city women in New Orleans -- results of qualitative research. Author: Kendall C; Afable-Munsuz A; Speizer I; Avery A; Schmidt N Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2005;60:297-311. Abstract: Unintended pregnancy has conventionally been defined as a pregnancy that is mistimed or unwanted, and this classification has been widely used in survey research. This study explores the utility of these constructs for women who visited a family planning clinic and a prenatal clinic in inner-city New Orleans, LA, and, by extension, for women of similar background and experience. We used semi-structured, open-ended research to explore sexual debut and history, contraceptive knowledge and use, pregnancy history, partner relations, and service use among 77 women (73 of whom were African-American). This study addresses the apparent paradox of high-risk sexual and contraceptive behavior in the presence of expressed preferences to postpone childbearing. It provides some insight into the cultural and social context in which these events and decisions take place and explores the multiple dimensions that shape women’s sexual behaviors and their desires for pregnancy. The dimensions explored include perceptions of and experiences with sex/sexuality, values concerning childbearing/motherhood, relationships with partners, experiences with contraception, and attitudes toward abortion. The apparent ambivalence seen in reports of women asked whether a pregnancy was intended, such as statements that they did not want to get pregnant but were either not using contraception or using it irregularly, calls into question the idea that intendedness can be routinely and easily inferred from survey research. Correspondingly, it is not possible to simply assume that either intentionality or future intentions directly affect decisions to use contraception. The problem is that the many factors—structural and individual—affect women’s preferences and ability to postpone a pregnancy or to use contraception. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LOUISIANA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | PREGNANT WOMEN | URBAN POPULATION | BLACKS | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | RISK BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | DECISION MAKING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 276156 |
| 5. Title: Predicting the use of sexual initiation tactics in a sample of college women. Author: Anderson PB; Newton M Source: Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality. 2004 May 1;7:[19] p.. Abstract: Significant attention has been focused on women's initiation of sexual contact with men and the point at which this initiation becomes sexual aggression. The purpose of this study was to examine possible predictors of the use of three conceptually distinct sets of sexual initiation tactics: seduction, coercion, and force. Relationships between women's personal characteristics, future expectancies about sex and relationships, the 'rehearsal behavior' of telephone calling patterns in adolescence, sexual self-esteem, past abuse, and past sexual abuse were related to measures of women's sexual initiation and aggression. Survey respondents were 272, mostly white women students with a mean age of 26 years. A complex relationship emerged between predictor and outcome variables. Social learning theory is utilized to interpret the findings and recommend future research directions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | UTAH | LOUISIANA | RESEARCH REPORT | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | STUDENTS | WOMEN | SEXUALITY | DEMOGRAPHICS | FIRST INTERCOURSE | SEXUAL ABUSE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Demography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Sex Behavior | Crime | Social Problems Document Number: 297105 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Measuring factors underlying intendedness of women's first and later pregnancies. Author: Speizer IS; Santelli JS; Afable-Munsuz A; Kendall C Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2004;36(5):198-205. Abstract: Context: Unintended pregnancy is associated with poor health outcomes for mothers and infants, and is indicative of gaps in family planning services. Conventional measures of pregnancy intendedness do not reflect the multiple factors affecting a woman's pregnancy-related intentions and attitudes. Methods: Data collected between March 2002 and February 2003 from 701 women in a public family planning clinic and 671 women in a public prenatal clinic in New Orleans were analyzed to examine factors underlying intendedness (including attitudes toward pregnancy and motivations to achieve or avoid pregnancy). Results: In factor analyses, variables measuring pregnancy intendedness were represented by a single latent factor, pregnancy desirability. For first pregnancy, variables that best captured desirability were those measuring happiness, effort in achieving the pregnancy, extent of looking forward to telling friends, whether the pregnancy was intended (i.e., came at the right time or later), and whether the woman wanted to have a baby with her partner. For last or current pregnancies that were second or higher order ones, they were happiness, pregnancy wantedness, effort in achieving the pregnancy, whether the pregnancy was planned and whether the woman wanted to have a baby with her partner. Among women younger than 18 at first pregnancy, happiness and whether a woman a baby with her partner were the only items that captured pregnancy desirability. Conclusions: Future surveys on pregnancy intendedness could reduce the number of questions used to capture pregnancy desirability. This should help standardize surveillance systems and permit better assessment of trends in pregnancy desirability over time. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | KAP SURVEYS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | WOMEN | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | FIRST BIRTH | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | INFANT HEALTH | ATTITUDES | MOTIVATION | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Pregnancy History | Fertility Measurements | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Child Health | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 276056 |
| 7. Title: A qualitative evaluation of the Students of Service (SOS) program for sexual abstinence in Louisiana. Author: Yoo S; Johnson CC; Rice J; Manuel P Source: Journal of School Health. 2004 Oct;74(8):329-334. Abstract: Abstinence-only programs for preventing teen pregnancy are the only options in some states but are the programs of choice in others. Effectiveness data, however, are lacking. The SOS Adolescent Family Life Program (SOS), an abstinence-only teen pregnancy prevention program, was implemented in south central Louisiana. Peer mentoring with an abstinence and life skills curriculum comprised the major components. SOS was implemented in the same grades in the same schools with new students each year for five years. During the final years of the program, qualitative evaluation was conducted with principals, teachers, peer mentors, and students. Use of peer mentors was reaffirmed as valuable; however, quality of peer mentoring was questioned and was a major issue for improvement. Other issues included: starting sexuality education in earlier grades, updating curricula and materials, offering more interactive classes, improving peer mentor training, and using teacher input to improve educational aspects of the program. Qualitative assessments provided valuable insights for future improvement in abstinence-only programs. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LOUISIANA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | ABSTINENCE | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Evaluation | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Schools | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 283367 |
| 8. Title: State facts about abortion: Louisiana. Author: Alan Guttmacher Institute [AGI] Source: [New York, New York], AGI, 2003. 3 p. (State Facts about Abortion) Abstract: This article presents background information about the frequency of abortion in the United States, followed by statistics on abortion frequency, abortion services, and restrictions on abortion for the United States as a whole and Louisiana specifically. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LOUISIANA | PAMPHLETS | ADULTS | WOMEN | ABORTION | PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | HEALTH FACILITIES | ABORTION LAW | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Printed Media | Mass Media | Communication | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Reproduction | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraception | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 175596 Notification |
| 9. Title: The relation of menarcheal age to obesity in childhood and adulthood: the Bogalusa heart study. Author: Freedman DS; Khan LK; Serdula MK; Dietz WH; Srinivasan SR Source: BMC Pediatrics. 2003 Apr 30;3(1):[9] p.. Abstract: Several studies have shown that girls who undergo menarche at a relatively young age tend to be more obese as adults. However, because childhood (pre-menarcheal) levels of weight and height are associated with an earlier menarche, the increased prevalence of adult obesity among early maturers may largely reflect the persistence of childhood obesity into adulthood. We examined these interrelationships among 1179 girls (65% white, 35% black) who were examined as children (mean age, 9 y), adolescents, and adults (mean age, 26 y) in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Both white and black women who reported that they underwent menarche before age 12 y had, on average, higher adult levels of weight (+10 kg), body mass index (BMI, +4 kg/m/2) and skinfold thicknesses (+6 mm) than did women who underwent menarche after age 13.5 y. However, relatively fat children tended to undergo menarche earlier than did thinner children, with each standard deviation increase in pre-menarcheal BMI increasing the odds of early menarche (< 12 y) by approximately 2-fold. Stratified and regression analyses indicated that (1) adult obesity was more strongly associated with childhood obesity than with menarcheal age, and (2) about 60% to 75% of the apparent effect of menarcheal age was due to the influence of childhood obesity on both menarcheal age and adult obesity. Although additional longitudinal studies are needed, it is likely that the importance of early menarche in adult obesity has been overestimated. Most of apparent influence of menarcheal age on adult obesity is attributable to the association of childhood obesity with both menarcheal age and adult obesity. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | CHILD | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADULTS | AGE FACTORS | MENARCHE | OBESITY | PREVALENCE | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Youth | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Menstruation | Reproduction | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Measurement Document Number: 289605 |
| 10. Title: Do older partners place adolescent girls at higher risk for STDs? [editorial] Author: Kissinger P Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2003 Mar;30(3):214-215. Abstract: Most of the research in age differences has involved pregnancy as the outcome, and it is not clear that this can be extrapolated to STD as an outcome. In addition, most of the studies have used a select group of adolescent girls (some pregnant, some who are already infected with an STD, some from a specific ethnic group). Begley and colleagues used a prevalent infection with chlamydia as the outcome. We used recurrent chlamydia as the outcome. The discrepancy in findings may be attributable to the groups used, the outcomes studied, and the differences in study design. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | OLDER ADULTS | MEN | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | RISK FACTORS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adults | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Biology | Sex Behavior | Behavior Document Number: 175859 |
| 11. Title: Therapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Author: Lee SA; Hasbun R Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2003 Jun;7(2):86-93. Abstract: There have been many treatment modalities used for the therapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Although treatment need not be given for cosmetically insignificant lesions, which are often self-limited, therapy is usually indicated for larger, cosmetically significant and disfiguring lesions, and lesions which progress. This review summarizes the published evidence in support of the numerous therapeutic options that have been employed for cutaneous leishmaniasis. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | LITERATURE REVIEW | EVALUATION | TARGET POPULATION | LEISHMANIASIS | DERMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS | EPIDEMIOLOGY | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | DRUGS | TREATMENT | PARASITE CONTROL | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Program Design | Programs | Organization and Administration | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | Public Health | Health | Examinations and Diagnoses Document Number: 290542 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Screening for sexually transmitted diseases during preparticipation sports examination of high school adolescents. Author: Nsuami M; Elie M; Brooks BN; Sanders LS; Nash TD Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2003 May;32(5):336-339. Abstract: In an urban school district, 636 students in grades 9–12 were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by ligase chain reaction assays using specimens collected for routine urinalyses during sports physical examinations. Chlamydia and gonorrhea prevalences were 2.8% and 0.7% among males, and 6.5% and 2.0% among females, respectively. Among athletes infected with either sexually transmitted disease (STD), 93.1% reported no symptoms, and treatment was documented for 75.9%. Sports physicals offered a unique opportunity to screen and treat adolescents for STDs and to provide STD-prevention counseling. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | TESTING | ADOLESCENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | STUDENTS | URBAN POPULATION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SCREENING | SPORTS | PARTICIPATION | PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Education | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Examinations and Diagnoses | Social Behavior | Behavior Document Number: 178592 |
| 13. Title: Health services for homeless adolescents. Author: Steele RW; Ramgoolam A; Evans J Jr Source: Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 2003 Jan;14(1):38-42. Abstract: This prospective review was designed to determine the effectiveness of a broad-spectrum health intervention program for homeless and runaway youth. Diagnosis, treatment, and counseling for drug use, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and other health issues were provided to all new admissions to a residential care facility during a 71/2-year enrollment. Education was continued during a minimum follow-up period of 9 months based on the program entitled Bright Futures, previously developed and published by the National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health. Fifty-four percent of the study residents had STDs on admission, and 9% developed new STDs after completing therapy and undergoing counseling. Drug dependence was reduced from 47% to 4%, and 46% achieved full-time or part-time employment. Sixty-three percent completed hepatitis B immunization with the 3-dose series. This experience suggests that an organized program of interventions in a residential care facility for homeless teenagers can significantly reduce drug dependence and STDs. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS | HOMELESS PERSONS | COUNSELING | TREATMENT | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HEALTH FACILITIES | EMPLOYMENT | IMMUNIZATION | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Examinations and Diagnoses | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Primary Health Care Document Number: 298621 |
| 14. Title: ACOG: Investigative contraceptive device Implanon shows 100 percent efficacy in study. Author: Sylvester B Source: [Unpublished] 2003 Apr 30. 2 p. Abstract: Implanon is a progestogen-only contraceptive, which consists of a small, flexible rod that is inserted under the skin on the inside of the upper arm. The rod releases a small amount of progestogen daily, preventing pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation. The progestogen also thickens the cervical mucus, helping to prevent sperm from entering the womb. The rod itself is 40 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter, and is made of a biodegradable synthetic material that is commonly used in artificial joints. The Implanon rod contains 68 mg of etonogestrel that is released over the 3-year life of the device. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TECHNICAL REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Drugs | Treatment Document Number: 178793 |
| 15. Title: Contraception counts: Louisiana. Author: Alan Guttmacher Institute [AGI] Source: New York, New York, AGI, 2002 Jun. [2] p. (Contraception Counts) Abstract: This article summarizes, for the state of Louisiana, the following points: pregnancy outcomes in Louisiana; teen pregnancy outcomes in Louisiana; women at need for contraceptive services and supplies; availability of family planning services; and impact of subsidized services. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LOUISIANA | PAMPHLETS | CONTRACEPTION | LOW INCOME POPULATION | WOMEN | ADULTS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | HEALTH SERVICES | NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES | FAMILY PLANNING | NEEDS | PUBLIC ASSISTANCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Printed Media | Mass Media | Communication | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Adolescents | Youth | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Reproduction | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Government Financing | Financial Activities Document Number: 175671 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Condom distribution: a cost-utility analysis. Author: Bedimo AL; Pinkerton SD; Cohen DA; Gray B; Farley TA Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2002 Jun;13(6):384-92. Abstract: This study aimed to explore the cost-effectiveness of a condom distribution program. The authors conducted a cost-utility analysis of a social marketing campaign in which over 33 million condoms were made freely available throughout Louisiana. Surveys among 275,000 African Americans showed that condom use increased by 30%. Based on the estimated cost of the intervention and costs of HIV/AIDS-associated medical treatment, the authors estimated the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) saved, and number of HIV infections averted by the program. The program was estimated to prevent 170 HIV infections and save 1909 QALYs. Over US$33 million in medical care costs were estimated to be averted resulting in cost savings. Sensitivity analyses showed that these results were quite stable over a range of estimates for the main parameters. Condom increases as small as 2.7% were still cost-saving. Condom distribution is a community-level HIV prevention intervention that has the potential to reach large segments of the general population, thereby averting significant numbers of HIV infections and associated medical costs. The intervention is easy to scale up to large populations or down to small populations. The financial and health benefits of condom social marketing support making it a routine component of HIV prevention services nationally. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | BLACKS | HIV PREVENTION | COST EFFECTIVENESS | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | CONDOM USE | SOCIAL MARKETING | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Marketing | Economic Factors Document Number: 168325 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: An economic evaluation of a school-based sexually transmitted disease screening program. Author: Wang LY; Burstein GR; Cohen DA Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2002 Dec;29(12):737-745. Abstract: Background: A school-based sexually transmitted disease STD) screening program was implemented in eight New Orleans public high schools to detect chlamydia and gonorrhea. Goal: The goal was to assess the incremental cost-effectiveness of replacing non-school-based screening with the schoolbased screening program. Study Design: A decision-analysis model was constructed to compare costs and cases of expected pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in the school-based screening scenario versus a non-school-based screening scenario. Cost-effectiveness was quantified and measured as cost per case of PID prevented. Results: Under base-case assumptions, at an intervention cost of $86,449, the school screening program prevented an estimated 38 cases of PID, as well as $119,866 in treatment costs for PID and its sequelae, resulting in savings of $1524 per case of PID prevented. Results remained cost-saving over a reasonable range of model parameter estimates. Conclusions: The New Orleans school-based chlamydia screening program was cost-effective and cost-saving and could be cost-effective in other settings. School-based screening programs of this type are likely to be a cost-effective use of public funds and can reduce the burden of STDs among adolescents. (author’s) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | EVALUATION REPORT | PROBABILITY | DATA ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SCREENING | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Evaluation | Statistical Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Examinations and Diagnoses | Quantitative Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 173547 |
| 18. Title: Racial differences in vaginal douching knowledge, attitude, and practices among sexually active adolescents. Author: Foch BJ; McDaniel ND; Chacko MR Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2001 Feb;14(1):29-33. Abstract: Study Objective: The study sought to assess knowledge of, attitude toward, and practices of vaginal douching among adolescent females attending a public family planning clinic, in order to better understand racial influences on douching. Design, Setting, Participants: In this descriptive, crosssectional study, a one-page questionnaire was administered to all adolescent females (=19 years) presenting to a public family planning clinic in a small southern city between March 1 and May 31, 1999. Results: Of the 169 participants, the mean age was 17.0 years (±1.5 years), 53% were Caucasian, and 47% were African- American. Sixty-nine percent of participants reported vaginal douching, mostly for hygienic reasons (68%). Those reporting vaginal douching were more likely to have a history of sexual intercourse (P < 0.01) and a history of one or more sexually transmitted diseases (P < 0.05). Age of first douche correlated positively with age of first sexual intercourse (r = 0.34, P < 0.001). African-Americans did not douche to a greater degree than Caucasians. However, racial differences were noted in knowledge of and attitude toward vaginal douching. Conclusions: Vaginal douching was a common practice among adolescent females attending a public family planning clinic in a small southern city. Culturally appropriate educational strategies for African-American and Caucasian adolescent females should improve awareness of adverse events associated with vaginal douching, despite family and personal beliefs about this practice. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | SURVEYS | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | WOMEN | HYGIENE | RACE RELATIONS | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Studies | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Health | Public Health | Political Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 175143 |
| 19. Title: Comparison of men's and women's attempts to dissuade sexual partners from the couple using condoms. Author: Oncale RM; King BM Source: Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2001 Aug;30(4):379-391. Abstract: Undergraduate students were asked about their use of condoms and their attempts to dissuade sexual partners from the couple using condoms during sexual intercourse. Nearly 14% of women and nearly 17% of men who had engaged in sexual intercourse admitted to having actively tried to dissuade a partner from the couple using condoms. 30% of the men and 41% of the women said that a sexual partner had tried to dissuade them. Attempts to dissuade partners from the couple using condoms were most common among students who reported having 10 or more lifetime sexual partners. For both men and women, the most frequently employed categories of verbal strategies were 1) sex feels better without a condom, 2) will not get pregnant, and 3) will not get a sexually transmitted disease. These three categories accounted for about three-fourths of the lines used. Avoidance of condoms because of a perceived decrease in physical pleasure poses a particular problem for sex and health educators. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | CONDOM USE | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | SEXUAL PARTNERS | COUPLES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Education | Schools | Sex Behavior | Family Characteristics | Family and Household Document Number: 170634 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Family pressure and the educational experience of the daughters of Vietnamese refugees. Author: Zhou M; Bankston CL 3d Source: International Migration/Migrations Internationales/Migraciones Internacionales. 2001;39(4):133-51. Abstract: This article explores the issue of gender role changes encountered by young Vietnamese-American women based on the authors' ethnographic study of Versailles Village, a low-income ethnic community in New Orleans, US. The authors examine how female Vietnamese high school students deal with conflicts between the stubborn traditionalism of parents and the desire for personal liberty of American-reared children and how they negotiate gender roles at home and in school and society. Through in-depth examination of the school experience of young Vietnamese women, the authors find that they not only equal young men in scholastic performance and ambition, but may even show higher levels of achievement. The authors' data indicate that it is not because the women are liberating themselves from traditional gender roles in order to avail themselves of the opportunities of American society. Instead, the socioeconomic conditions of the new land place a new emphasis on education for both men and women. Immigrant families see the importance of education as an avenue of upward mobility for their children and encourage educational achievement. Precisely because traditional gender roles lead families to exercise greater control over daughters, young women are pushed even more than young men toward scholastic performance. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LOW INCOME POPULATION | WOMEN | ETHNIC GROUPS | REFUGEES | GENDER ISSUES | EDUCATION | FEMALE ROLE | CHANGES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Social Behavior | Behavior | Social Change Document Number: 160909 |
| 21. Title: Is there a case for school-based screening for sexuality transmitted diseases? Author: Hicks D Source: Lancet. 2000 Mar 11;355:864. Abstract: The author discusses the need to have a school-based screening for sexually transmitted diseases for adolescents in the UK. He states that adolescents would be able to seek screening at such services without the knowledge of their schoolmates or family, but whether they would make use of the opportunity is open to question. Language: English Keywords: ADOLESCENTS | LOUISIANA | PARENTAL CONSENT | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | SCREENING | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | STUDENTS | UNITED KINGDOM | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Programs | Organization and Administration | Examinations and Diagnoses | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Education | Europe, Western | Europe Document Number: 171774 |
| 22. Title: Long-term sterilization failure: twenty-three years. Author: Huddleston HT; Dunnihoo DR Source: Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society. 2000 Sep;152(9):427-428. Abstract: This case presents the longest time interval from tubal sterilization to failure by ectopic pregnancy of which we or our colleagues have ever heard. This multipara had a postpartum sterilization procedure performed at one University Hospital; 23 years later she was admitted to another University Hospital with a hemoperitoneum due to a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Verification was affirmed by examination of the records of both hospitals. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LOUISIANA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS | FEMALE STERILIZATION | TUBAL LIGATION | PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC | OBSTETRICAL SURGERY | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | TUBAL OCCLUSION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Sterilization, Sexual | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Surgery | Treatment | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception Document Number: 181465 |
| 23. Title: Repeated screening for sexually transmitted diseases in school programs lowers males' chlamydia rate. Author: Moore M Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2000 Mar-Apr;32(2):98-9. Abstract: A decline in male chlamydia rate has been observed as a result of repeated screening for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in school programs. Students in 8 (3 with STD screening and treatment program and 5 without) urban high schools were recruited, educated on STDs and encouraged to be screened for STDs. Researchers calculated prevalence and incidence rates of STDs according to the number of students who participated in testing. Students who tested positive for an infection were counseled and treated with antibiotics. The prevalence of symptoms and students' likelihood of seeking STD services was also examined. Overall, findings revealed that 12% of the young women and 6% of the young men had chlamydia. It is noted that a chlamydia diagnosis was more common among older students than among younger ones. Similarly, gonorrhea rates were also higher among women than men. Nearly 3% of young women and 1% of young men tested positive for gonorrhea. During the third year of testing, the chlamydia rate was 3% among males. These findings imply that some students may be having sexual intercourse with partners who are older than high school age and unreached by an in-school program. Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | STUDENTS | ADOLESCENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | URBAN POPULATION | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | SCREENING | CHLAMYDIA | GONORRHEA | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Education | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Programs | Organization and Administration | Examinations and Diagnoses | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases Document Number: 160099 |
| 24. Title: Keep condom use high, retain no-charge status. Source: CONTRACEPTIVE TECHNOLOGY UPDATE. 1999 Oct;20(10):118-9. Abstract: A research conducted by the Louisiana public health condom distribution program concluded that switching from a cost-free to a minimal-charge status could decrease condom use. In 1993, Louisiana's Operation Protect started distributing free condoms at 93 public health clinics, 39 community mental health centers, 29 substance abuse treatment sites, and more than 1000 small businesses in areas with high rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV. Later on, the program encountered some budget problems and began charging a small fee, up to 25 cents per condom. When the state evaluated the impact of transition on condom use among persons with two or more sex partners, there was a sharp decline in condom distribution as well as condom usage. Consequently, the state terminated the low-cost condom program and restarted the free distribution method, acknowledging the protective role of condoms against HIV and other STDs. Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | CONDOMS | HIV PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | DISTRIBUTIONAL ACTIVITIES | PROGRAMS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Program Activities | Organization and Administration Document Number: 144498 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Gonorrhea incidence and HIV testing and counseling among adolescents and young adults seen at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Author: Chamot E; Coughlin SS; Farley TA; Rice JC Source: AIDS. 1999;13(8):971-9. Abstract: The objective was to determine whether HIV testing and posttest counseling may be associated with an increase in gonorrhea incidence among adolescents and young adults seen at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A historical cohort study was carried out with the collection of longitudinal data on the patients' HIV testing and counseling experience. Delgado STD clinic of New Orleans, Louisiana, a public ambulatory primary care center that serves mainly the economically disadvantaged Black population, was the setting. A record-based inception cohort of 4031 patients aged 15-25 years diagnosed at the clinic between June 1989 and May 1991 with a first lifetime gonorrhea infection was studied. The intervention consisted in routine confidential HIV tests and posttest counseling sessions experienced at the clinic during follow-up. The outcome measure was the incidence rate of reported gonorrhea reinfection. Of the patients, 51.5% were tested once for HIV antibodies and 25.9% twice or more. Formal posttest counseling occurred after 8.5% of the 4665 HIV- negative and 44.0% of the 49 HIV-positive tests. In the most pessimistic of several models controlling for history of gonorrhea, HIV testing and counseling history, and other potential confounding factors, a significantly lower rate of gonorrhea reinfection was observed after a first HIV-negative test than before [adjusted relative risk (RR), 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59-0.74; P < 0.0001]. As compared with the pretest period, significantly higher rates of gonorrhea were observed after respectively a second (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.37; P = 0.03) and a third (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.22-1.88; P = 0.0001) HIV- negative test. No significant association was found between HIV- positive testing and any variation in gonorrhea rate (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.56-1.62; P = 0.85). Posttest counseling for HIV- negative and HIV-positive results were followed respectively by a significantly higher rate of gonorrhea (RR; 1.27; 95% CI, 1.09- 1.48; P = 0.002) and a non-significantly lower rate of gonorrhea (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.17-1.60; P = 0.85). The authors' results do not exclude the possibility of a modest increase in gonorrhea incidence after routine HIV testing and counseling in an STD clinic. Nevertheless, this conclusion holds only under the least favorable assumptions and applies solely to a minority of patients. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | ADULTS | GONORRHEA | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | SCREENING | COUNSELING | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Examinations and Diagnoses | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 162546 |
| 26. Title: Implementation of condom social marketing in Louisiana, 1993 to 1996. Author: Cohen DA; Farley TA; Bedimo-Etame JR; Scribner R; Ward W; Kendall C; Rice J Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. 1999 Feb;89(2):204-8. Abstract: The social marketing of condoms is a key element of the global strategy to control the spread of HIV infection. In response to the HIV epidemic and the high rates of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), especially syphilis, the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals developed a statewide social marketing campaign designed to increase accessibility to condoms by providing them in a targeted manner at a large number of sites. In the first statewide condom social marketing intervention in the US, more than 33 million condoms were freely distributed statewide without significant opposition between 1994 and 1996 at 93 public health clinics, 39 community mental health centers, 29 substance abuse treatment sites, and more than 1000 businesses in neighborhoods with high rates of STDs and HIV. Surveys on condom use were then conducted annually among sexually active women attending public clinics and men aged 15-45 interviewed on the street in New Orleans. Over time, self-reported condom use at the most recent sexual encounter increased among African-American women from 28% in 1994 to 36% in 1996, while the level of such condom use increased over the period from 30% to 48% among African-American women with 2 or more sex partners. Condom use at the most recent sexual encounter increased among African-American men from 40% in 1994 to an average of 54% in 1996. The number of reported sex partners did not increase over the period of study. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LOUISIANA | SUMMARY REPORT | SOCIAL MARKETING | DISTRIBUTIONAL ACTIVITIES | PROMOTION | CONDOMS | SAFER SEX | BLACKS | CHANGES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Marketing | Economic Factors | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Change Document Number: 139328 |
| 27. Title: Sexual abuse and adolescent pregnancy [letter] Author: Kempen PM Source: JAMA. 1999 Feb 10;281(6):512. Abstract: Dr. Elders and Ms. Albert highlight the extreme societal neglect regarding adolescent pregnancy and sexual abuse. The terms adolescent pregnancy and teen pregnancy should be abandoned and replaced with juvenile pregnancy, childhood pregnancy, and statutory rape in all research and statistics. Grouping children with young adults merely obfuscates this problem. The neglect is not limited to medical professionals. I studied 141 charts of children who received obstetric anesthetic care at the Louisiana State University Medical Center in Shreveport (unpublished data, 1996). In no instance was the suspicion of sexual abuse raised in conjunction with the birth, and despite recorded data indicating adult paternal age (statutory crime), activities served solely to secure welfare benefits and ongoing health care. This is appropriate to ensure health care to childhood parturients and newborns, in whom associated punitive action will limit health care utilization. Further, Louisiana's state records verified 3000 registered juvenile deliveries annually. Many paternal ages were listed as a matter of record, clearly documenting statutory rape, increasing to 80% prevalence with decreasing parturient age. The local district attorney's office indicated that legal action was limited only to cases with "registered complaints". While overwhelming strides have secured the welfare of adult females since the Hill-Thomas hearings, stark neglect characterizes attempts to effectively legislate and secure the rights of children, "nonprotecting" them from adult sexuality. The problem is not with individual clinical medical personnel but at the level of statistics and research reports and more specifically with the state social service and judiciary systems. Physicians are reporting every juvenile birth, sexually transmitted disease, and abortion to the state without response. If society desires to protect children from sexual abuse by adults, effective state services must become routine. It is inconsistent to mandate this obligation to medical professionals using state laws when the state itself ignores this duty. Sexual predators must be systematically identified. Paternal and maternal responsibility is highly desirable, and all fathers must be registered at birth. There is no longer any danger of false accusations of paternity resulting in mistakes, given the level of biological verification. Any pregnant juvenile unable to identify the male partner must be considered a subject of abuse and investigated, including potential for their offsprings' neonatal neglect. It is reasonable and efficient to have childhood sexuality investigated by the state via existing mechanisms, particularly if done in a caring and responsible fashion. (full text) Language: English Keywords: LOUISIANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | RAPE | SEXUAL ABUSE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Crime | Social Problems Document Number: 162939 |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Application of computer-assisted interviews to sexual behavior research. Author: Kissinger P; Rice J; Farley T; Trim S; Jewitt K; Margavio V; Martin DH Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY. 1999 May 15;149(10):950-4. Abstract: Bias needs to be minimized when conducting survey-based research in order to produce more valid results. Reporting biases are more likely to occur when sensitive behaviors are being investigated. Research suggests that computer-assisted, self-administered interviews (CASIs) may produce more valid reports of sensitive behaviors than will the more traditional survey techniques such as face-to-face interviews (FTFIs). Findings are reported from a study conducted to compare responses to sensitive questions administered through video-enhanced CASIs (V-CASIs) and FTFIs. 280 women of mean age 23 years attending a New Orleans, Louisiana, public family planning or STD clinic from July 1995 to July 1996, diagnosed with Chlamydia trachomatis infection responded to 8 close-ended sexual behavioral questions using both survey techniques in a randomized crossover design. 95% of the women were Black and 71% felt at ease using computers. Although kappa scores indicated good-to-excellent agreement between interview techniques, the women tended to admit to socially undesirable behaviors more often upon V-CASIs than upon FTFIs. 30% of the women gave a discrepant response between V-CASI and FTFI toward social desirability. Women who reported a socially undesirable behavior in V-CASIs were more likely to have a discrepant response. Use of the same logistic regression model to predict condom use yielded different results when data from V-CASIs were used compared with data from FTFIs. Findings suggest that the V-CASI technique can reduce social desirability bias and improve validity in research requiring data on sensitive sexual behaviors. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LOUISIANA | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | DATA REPORTING | BIAS | INTERVIEWS | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | SEX BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Error Sources | Measurement | Information Processing | Information | Behavior Document Number: 142254 |
| 29. Title: Disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners: predictors and temporal patterns. Author: Niccolai LM; Dorst D; Myers L; Kissinger PJ Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 1999 May;26(5):281-5. Abstract: All persons reported to a public STD clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana, for HIV infection and who attended post-test counseling were offered enrollment in a program designed to reduce high-risk behaviors among HIV-infected individuals to prevent viral transmission to their sex partners. 229 people enrolled in the behavior modification program between December 1994 and May 1998, of whom 147 had at least 1 sex partner. 51.7% of these latter study participants were male, 88.4% Black, 44.2% under 30 years old, and 37.4% employed. 76% of the subjects reported disclosing their HIV serostatus to their last sex partner at baseline. Predictors of disclosure included consistent condom use and being in a monogamous relationship. 22% of those who disclosed at baseline reported nondisclosure during follow-up. Approximately 23% reported not using a condom with a person to whom their status was not disclosed. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LOUISIANA | RESEARCH REPORT | URBAN POPULATION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | SEXUAL PARTNERS | CONDOMS | SAFER SEX | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Interpersonal Relations | Behavior | Sex Behavior | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 142141 |
| 30. Title: Free condom provision raises use among those with multiple partners. Author: Olenick I Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 1999 Jul-Aug;31(4):205-6. Abstract: In 1993, a statewide social marketing program offered free condoms in all Louisiana county public health clinics, community mental health centers, and public substance abuse treatment centers. Over the project's 3 years of operation, free condoms were also distributed through private physicians, community health care centers, housing projects, businesses in neighborhoods with high rates of HIV/STD, and community-based organizations. In the first 3 years of the program, the proportion of Black women who reported having used a condom during their most recent sexual intercourse rose from 28% to 36%, with an even higher increase among women with 2 or more sex partners. Similarly, the proportion of men reporting condom use at most recent intercourse grew from about 40% to 50%. However, when providers changed from free to low-cost condom distribution, men and women with multiple partners became less likely to obtain condoms and to report that they used them at last intercourse. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LOUISIANA | RESEARCH REPORT | BLACKS | SOCIAL MARKETING | CONDOMS | SAFER SEX | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Marketing | Economic Factors | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Sexual Partners | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 143452 |
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