1.  Title: After receiving USAID | DELIVER Project logistics training, access to health products improves in Nepal. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Jul. [2] p. (Success Story) Abstract: Just three years ago, under the previous health commodity distribution system in Nepal, the average stockout rate for family planning was 8.2 percent; for maternal and child health commodities it was 22.9 percent. Many women and children did not have the health commodities they needed. To prevent stockouts and to increase the availability of health commodities nationwide, the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT partnered with the Government of Nepal / Ministry of Health and Population (Logistics Management Division / Department of Health Services [LMD / DOHS]) and others to develop a series of logistics training programs. The goal was to create an efficient pull system that the country could use to manage stock levels at all health facilities. The project and the LMD collaborated to successfully implement two training programs -- one for community logistics and one for web-based logistics management information systems (LMISs). Conducted by the Nepali government, the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, and their partners, these trainings taught community and district health workers how to improve the national health commodity logistics system and how to ease the transition to the new district-level pull system, which allows each health facility to determine the amount of stock that it needs to order. As a result, after 25 of the poorly performing districts participated in the training programs, stockouts of key commodities in their health facilities -- condoms, vitamin A capsules, iron tablets, cotrimoxazole, oral rehydration salt, and oxytocin decreased, while product availability for the end user increased. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | SUMMARY REPORT | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION WORKERS | USAID | LOGISTICS | DISTRIBUTIONAL ACTIVITIES | TRAINING PROGRAMS | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | INTERNET | HEALTH FACILITIES | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Community Workers | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Organization and Administration | Program Activities | Programs | Education | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Information Networks | Communication Document Number: 331664 |
| 2. Title: Laboratory logistics handbook: A guide to designing and managing laboratory logistics systems. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Jun. 83 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Abstract: The importance of quality laboratory services is indisputable. The expansion of programs for human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis, and malaria requires strong and supportive laboratory services. For antiretroviral therapy (ART) in particular, there has been a growing recognition of this importance, given the number of laboratory tests required to effectively diagnose and monitor AIDS treatment. The need to improve laboratory services for all of these disease programs provides an opportunity to strengthen laboratories in health systems overall so they can accommodate the needs of the communities they serve. This document describes the function and organization of laboratory services and the commodities needed for laboratory services, and it discusses supply chain considerations for management of laboratory commodities. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | MANUAL | LABORATORY | LOGISTICS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | INGREDIENTS AND CHEMICALS | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | STANDARDS | QUALITY CONTROL | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT | HEALTH POLICY | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Organization and Administration | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Research Methodology | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 331659 |
| 3. Title: The logistics handbook: A practical guide for supply chain managers in family planning and health programs. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Jul. 182 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Oringinally published in 2004. Abstract: The Logistics Handbook includes the major aspects of logistics management with an emphasis on contraceptive supplies. The text should be helpful to managers who work with supplies every day as well as managers who assess and design logistics systems for entire programs. Policymakers may find the text useful in exploring the inputs needed to create an effective logistics system. Key terms and concepts are clearly defined and explained, and the design and implementation of management information systems and inventory control are discussed in detail. Storage and quality control practices are also discussed, and overviews of forecasting and procurement processes are included. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | USAID | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | LOGISTICS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | DRUGS | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | RECORDS | QUALITY CONTROL | MONITORING | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | IMPLEMENTATION | PLANNING | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Management | Organization and Administration | Contraception | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Evaluation | Programs Document Number: 331681 |
| 4. Title: Spatial analysis of logistics indicator data for health commodities. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Jul. 6 p. Abstract: The USAID | DELIVER PROJECT has developed robust monitoring and evaluation tools to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the performance of logistics systems for essential health commodities. The purpose of this paper is to explore how analysis of stock indicators by location provides added value to these data sets, through a relatively minor investment in GPS devices and GIS software. Beginning with visual examination of logistics indicator data within a geographic context and progressing to network analysis, each of the spatial analysis methods presented in this paper presents its own set of strengths and weaknesses, yet they all excel in providing insights into the logistics system that might not otherwise be understood or even observed by simply looking at tabular data of stock levels for different facilities in the health system. Since a logistics system is inherently a geographically heterogeneous entity, using cartographic and spatial analysis tools may prove to be a crucial asset in assisting managers to identify key questions related to the performance of the logistics system and focus on potential causes and solutions. Moving forward, it will be useful to build off of the descriptive strengths of the spatial analysis methods described herein and begin building more robust statistical models that measure correlation between different components of the logistics system and commodity availability, while still accounting for the geographical variability of the data. (Excerpts) Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | PARAGUAY | SUMMARY REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | DATA COLLECTION | DATA ANALYSIS | USAID | LOGISTICS | GEOGRAPHY | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | DISTANCE | STREETS AND ROADS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | South America, Central | South America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Organization and Administration | Social Sciences | Science | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Geographic Factors | Population | Transportation | Economic Factors Document Number: 331660 |
| 5. Title: USAID | DELIVER Project. No product? No program. Logistics for health. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Aug. [2] p. Abstract: The USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, a U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded project, works with national and international partners to increase the availability of essential health commodities for customers around the world. The project strengthens in-country supply chains and the host country's ability to manage them; works with partners to create a supportive policy environment for health commodities; and, upon request, procures and delivers health commodities. We work with a wide range of health products -- contraceptives and condoms; essential drugs; and select commodities for HIV and AIDS, laboratories, malaria, maternal and child health, infectious diseases, and avian influenza (AI). (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | USAID | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | LOGISTICS | TRANSPORTATION | CONDOMS | DRUGS | INFLUENZA | MALARIA PREVENTION | BED NETS | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Management | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Parasite Control | Public Health Document Number: 331661 |
| 6. Title: Public health procurement guide 2010. Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]; John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009. [45] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Abstract: USAID's Public Health Procurement Guide 2010 is an annual publication of current contraceptive and condom ordering procedures for missions. It includes USAID contraceptive ordering procedures and guidance on how to use logistics data and forecasts to calculate contraceptive requirements. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | STANDARDS | LOGISTICS | CONTRACEPTION | CONDOMS | COLD CHAIN | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | DISTRIBUTIONAL ACTIVITIES | CONTRACEPTIVE SECURITY | Research Methodology | Management | Organization and Administration | Family Planning | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Program Activities | Programs | Contraceptive Availability Document Number: 331472 |
| 8. Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Ghana. Author: Akitobi E; Leahy E; Nerquaye-Tetteh J Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 30 p. Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders. This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Ghana. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GHANA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 331428 |
9.  Title: Laboratory challenges in the scaling up of HIV, TB, and malaria programs: The interaction of health and laboratory systems, clinical research, and service delivery. Author: Birx D; de Souza M; Nkengasong JN Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2009 Jun;131(6):849-51. Abstract: Strengthening national health laboratory systems in resource-poor countries is critical to meeting the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Despite strong commitment from the international community to fight major infectious diseases, weak laboratory infrastructure remains a huge rate-limiting step. Some major challenges facing laboratory systems in resource-poor settings include dilapidated infrastructure; lack of human capacity, laboratory policies, and strategic plans; and limited synergies between clinical and research laboratories. Together, these factors compromise the quality of test results and impact patient management. With increased funding, the target of laboratory strengthening efforts in resource-poor countries should be the integrating of laboratory services across major diseases to leverage resources with respect to physical infrastructure; types of assays; supply chain management of reagents and equipment; and maintenance of equipment. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | HIV INFECTIONS | TUBERCULOSIS | MALARIA | LABORATORY | NEEDS | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | HUMAN RESOURCES | LOGISTICS | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | STANDARDS | QUALITY CONTROL | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Infections | Parasitic Diseases | Equipment and Supplies | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Management | Training Programs | Education | Research Methodology Document Number: 341768 |
| 10. Title: Malawi. Laboratory services and supply chain assessment. Author: Butao D; Felling B; Msipa P Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2009 Feb. [95] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Abstract: In January and February 2009, the Ministry of Health (MOH), with technical assistance from the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 1, conducted an assessment of laboratory services and the management of the supply chain for laboratory commodities and equipment in government and Christian Health Association of Malawi (CHAM) health facilities in Malawi. The assessment’s overall objective was to provide the MOH with information on the current status of laboratory services and the supporting supply chain that could be used to develop the Five-Year Strategic Laboratory Plan. During the assessment, a quantitative baseline was established on which to measure future improvements to laboratory services and the supporting supply chain. This report presents the methodology and findings of the assessment, as well as recommendations to improve the supply chain to support laboratory services in Malawi. Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | EVALUATION REPORT | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | USAID | LABORATORY | LOGISTICS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | QUALITY CONTROL | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | TRANSPORTATION | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Organization and Administration | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Economic Factors Document Number: 331662 |
| 11. Title: Zambia: National long term forecasting and quantification for family planning commodities, 2009-2015. Author: Bwembya M; Mbewe RK Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2009. 23 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Abstract: In December 2008, the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Society for Family Health (SFH), with technical assistance from the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, conducted a national long term quantification of contraceptive needs from 2009 -2015. The quantification's overall objective was to calculate the contraceptive requirements for each year of the forecast period and to use those requirements to mobilize resources for the country to support contraceptive commodity security. This report presents the findings of the quantification as well as the methodology used and assumptions made to arrive at these findings. Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | SUMMARY REPORT | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | USAID | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE SECURITY | COLD CHAIN | LOGISTICS | FUNDS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Programs | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Evaluation | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Availability | Management | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 331474 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: [Antiretroviral drug supply in Argentina: National Program to Combat Human Retroviruses, AIDS, and STDs] Suministro de antirretrovirales en Argentina: Programa Nacional de Lucha contra Author: Colautti M; Luppi I; Salamano M; Traverso ML; Botta C; Palchik V Source: Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública / Pan American Journal of Public Health. 2009 Jan;25(1):62-8. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the supply cycle of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, overseen by the National Program to Combat Human Retroviruses, AIDS, and STDs, through its order fulfillment indicators, and to obtain input from supply chain stakeholders. METHODS: A study was carried out from April-September 2005 in the pharmacies of two hospitals in Rosario, Argentina, involving both a quantitative analysis of indicators and secondary sources and a qualitative evaluation using semistructured interviews. RESULTS: The indicators reveal the impact that interruptions in ARV supply stream from the Program (central level) have and the overstocking that takes place at the pharmacies (local level) to manage the shortages. Changes in ARV treatment account for over 50% of the prescriptions. Fulfillments fall short of the reference value. The interviewees shared possible strategies for overcoming the communication gaps between levels, for building-up stock, for guaranteeing availability, and for shortening waiting times; reached informal agreements to deal with the lack of policies and the shortage of staff; acknowledged the challenges facing the jurisdictions (central, intermediate, and local/community); and recognized local efforts to improve management. CONCLUSIONS: These challenges could be the starting point for building teams to work on effectively decentralizing the entire supply chain and allowing the Program to fulfill its much-needed oversight role. Language: Spanish Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | LOGISTICS | AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | TREATMENT | PRESCRIPTIONS | MANAGEMENT | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs Document Number: 341540 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Tubal sterilization by laparoscopy or hysteroscopy: which is the most cost-effective procedure? Author: Franchini M; Cianferoni L; Lippi G; Calonaci F; Calzolari S; Mazzini M; Florio P Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2009 Apr;91(4 Suppl):1499-502. Abstract: By using the activity-based cost/management (ABC/M) system we computed and compared costs needed for laparoscopic tubal sterilization (LTS) and Essure hysteroscopic tubal occlusion (EHTO). We found that total health costs related to consultation and presurgery did not differ between LTS and EHTO; EHTO has low recovery unit costs but is more costly for the operating theater, mainly due to Essure microinserts. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ITALY | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | TUBAL LIGATION | FEMALE STERILIZATION | SURGERY | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | TREATMENT | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | MANAGEMENT | LOGISTICS | SCREENING | PROGRAM EFFICIENCY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Europe, Southern | Europe | Demographic Factors | Population | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Health | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Organization and Administration | Examinations and Diagnoses | Program Evaluation | Programs Document Number: 341007 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Understanding women's experiences with medical abortion: In-depth interviews with women in two Indian clinics. Author: Ganatra B; Kalyanwala S; Elul B; Coyaji K; Tewari S Source: Global Public Health. 2009 May 8;:1-12. Abstract: We explored women's perspectives on using medical abortion, including their reasons for selecting the method, their experiences with it and their thoughts regarding demedicalisation of part or all of the process. Sixty-three women from two urban clinics in India were interviewed within four weeks of abortion completion using a semi-structured in-depth interview guide. While women appreciated the non-invasiveness of medical abortion, other factors influencing method selection were family support and distance from the facility. The degree of medicalisation that women wanted or felt was necessary also depended on the way expectations were set by their providers. Confirmation of abortion completion was a source of anxiety for many women and led to unnecessary interventions in a few cases. Ultimately, experiences depended more on women's expectations about the method, and on the level of emotional and logistic support they received rather than on inherent characteristics of the method. These findings emphasise the circumstances under which women make reproductive choices and underscore the need to tailor service delivery to meet women's needs. Women-centred counselling and care that takes into consideration individual circumstances are needed. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | URBAN POPULATION | ABORTION | PERCEPTION | MOTIVATION | FEAR | EMOTIONS | LOGISTICS | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | DECISION MAKING | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Puerperium | Reproduction | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Management | Organization and Administration | Evaluation Document Number: 341474 |
| 15. Title: Guatemala: Using supply chain modeling and simulation to analyze the Ministry of Health supply chain. Author: Gibney J; Sanchez A; Lamadrid C Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2009 Mar. 38 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Abstract: This activity analyzed the characteristics of the integrated logistics system in three departments in Guatemala: Sololá, Totonicapán, and Jutiapa. This paper identifies some of the obstacles to achieving contraceptive availability for the underserved and vulnerable populations; it also offers options for improving equity in access for family planning commodities. The study identifies elements in the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare’s (MSPAS) logistics system that could impede the availability and accessibility of contraceptives. By using supply chain simulation and optimization modeling software, with geographic information system tools, the authors propose system-related solutions that could improve the performance of the overall MSPAS. Language: English Keywords: GUATEMALA | RECOMMENDATIONS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | LOGISTICS | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | OBSTACLES | NEEDS | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | GEOGRAPHY | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | TRANSPORTATION | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Programs | Contraception | Family Planning | Economic Factors | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Social Sciences | Science | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information Document Number: 331663 |
| 16. Title: Optimizing the reproductive health supply chain: A user's guide to software. Author: Harrington L; Boyson S Source: [Brussels, Belgium], Reproductive Health Supplies Coalition, 2009 Feb. 53 p. Abstract: This guide provides in-country reproductive health (RH) supply chain managers and advisors with the information they need to make better informed decisions when they select technology / software with which to manage their RH supply chains. More specifically, the report is structured to help managers do the following: Understand the RH supply chain in terms of its three critical flows -- material, information, and funds; See exactly where and how (functionality) the six RH supply chain software applications studied in this research project map to these flows -- i.e., at what point in the RH supply chain does a particular software program play, and what functions does it perform at that point?; Determine exactly what individual functions the six RH supply chain applications perform; Determine the collective functionality capabilities of the six RH supply chain applications -- i.e., exactly what functions do the six applications perform when they are considered together; Understand what collective functions commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) supply chain applications perform -- to identify gaps that the six RH applications do not address, and to determine how the collective functionality of the six RH applications compare to that of the benchmark commercial off-the-shelf supply chain applications. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION | MANAGEMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | COLD CHAIN | LOGISTICS | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Organization and Administration | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Information Processing | Information Document Number: 331478 |
| 17. Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Mexico. Author: Indacochea CM Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 36 p. Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders.This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Mexico. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | FUNDS | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 331429 |
| 18. Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Nicaragua. Author: Indacochea CM; Leahy E Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 36 p. Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders. This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Nicaragua. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: NICARAGUA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | ADVOCACY | PROMOTION | KNOWLEDGE | Developing Countries | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication | Marketing Document Number: 331430 |
| 19. Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Tanzania. Author: Leahy E; Druce N; Akitobi E; Hardee K; Vogel CG Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 32 p. Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders.This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Tanzania. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | PROMOTION | KNOWLEDGE | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Marketing Document Number: 331431 |
| 20. Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Uganda. Author: Leahy E; Akitobi E Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 34 p. Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders. This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Uganda. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | PROMOTION | INFORMATION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Marketing Document Number: 331432 |
| 21. Title: Reproductive health supplies in six countries: themes and entry points in policies, systems and financing. Author: Leahy E Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. [45] p. Abstract: This report identifies the challenges faced by reproductive health programs in Bangladesh, Ghana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Tanzania, and Uganda. Funding constraints, combined with a weak commitment to prioritize the purchase of reproductive health supplies on the side of the recipient countries and a limited capacity for distribution, have created an unstable environment for supplies worldwide. The report, and its six associated case studies, calls for renewed attention to reproductive health supplies to avoid putting the health of millions of women at risk. Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | GHANA | MEXICO | NICARAGUA | TANZANIA | UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | AWARENESS | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | North America | Americas | Central America | Latin America | Africa, Eastern | Health | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Organization and Administration | Social Change | Knowledge | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs Document Number: 331426 |
| 22. Title: The Tanzania experience: clinical laboratory testing harmonization and equipment standardization at different levels of a tiered health laboratory system. Author: Massambu C; Mwangi C Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2009 Jun;131(6):861-6. Abstract: The rapid scale-up of the care and treatment programs in Tanzania during the preceding 4 years has greatly increased the demand for quality laboratory services for diagnosis of HIV and monitoring patients during antiretroviral therapy. Laboratory services were not in a position to cope with this demand owing to poor infrastructure, lack of human resources, erratic and/or lack of reagent supply and commodities, and slow manual technologies. With the limited human resources in the laboratory and the need for scaling up the care and treatment program, it became necessary to install automated equipment and train personnel for the increased volume of testing and new tests across all laboratory levels. With the numerous partners procuring equipment, the possibility of a multitude of equipment platforms with attendant challenges for procurement of reagents, maintenance of equipment, and quality assurance arose. Tanzania, therefore, had to harmonize laboratory tests and standardize laboratory equipment at different levels of the laboratory network. The process of harmonization of tests and standardization of equipment included assessment of laboratories, review of guidelines, development of a national laboratory operational plan, and stakeholder advocacy. This document outlines this process. Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | CRITIQUE | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | LABORATORY | PROGRAM EVALUATION | PLANNING | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | TESTING | STANDARDIZATION | LOGISTICS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Examinations and Diagnoses | Measurement | Research Methodology | Data Adjustment | Management Document Number: 341767 |
| 23. Title: A day in the life. Logistics support officers in Bangladesh. Author: Ness S Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2009 May. 3 p. Abstract: USAID | DELIVER PROJECT staff member Sylvia Ness gives a first hand account of the importance of Logistics Support Officers in Bangladesh. Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | CRITIQUE | FIELD WORKERS | LOGISTICS | USAID | RECORDS | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | ON-THE-JOB TRAINING | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Information Processing | Information | Data Storage and Retrieval | Training Programs | Education Document Number: 331673 |
| 24. Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Bangladesh. Author: Patykewich L; Leahy E Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 42 p. Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders. This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Bangladesh. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 331427 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Scaling up access to antiretroviral drugs in a middle-income country: public sector drug delivery in the Free State, South Africa. Author: Steyn F; Schneider H; Engelbrecht MC; van Rensburg-Bonthuyzen EJ; Jacobs N; van Rensburg DH Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Jan;21(1):1-6. Abstract: This article describes the distribution and management of drugs and supplies in scaling up access to public sector antiretroviral treatment (ART) in a middle-income country. More specifically, a case study of the Free State Province of South Africa is presented focusing on: the mobilisation and training of pharmaceutical staff for ART, processes related to the ordering, distribution and storage of medicines, continuity of ART supplies and the impact of ART delivery on other drugs and supplies. Data were obtained from longitudinal research conducted between April 2004 and July 2006 comprising three surveys of the first 20 health facilities providing ART in the province, key informant interviews and observations made of provincial ART Task Team meetings. The supply of ART in the Province was managed through the existing drug supply system but with special mechanisms to ensure integrity of ART supplies and security of stock within the existing supply system. Initial hiccups in the procurement of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for South Africa (a national function) caused delays in putting patients on ART, although these supply problems were short-lived. At provincial level, not all pharmacist posts created for the programme were filled, and pharmacists working in the rest of the health system were subsequently trained to take on ART programme functions. Electronic systems were not established at all service sites, which in part contributed to delays in the delivery of drugs and supplies to more peripheral units. Adequate space to safely store ARV drugs remained problematic. The introduction of the ART programme did not create disruptions in the supply of non-ART essential drugs, which in fact improved over the period of observation. It is concluded that despite some process, human resource and infrastructural challenges, the drug management system in the Free State succeeded in incorporating public sector ART within its existing drug distribution network and functions, at least in the initial phase of scale up. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | MIDDLE INCOME POPULATION | DRUGS | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Macroeconomic Factors | Organization and Administration | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Program Evaluation Document Number: 331215 |
| 26. Title: Reproductive health-care provision in emergencies: preventing needless suffering. Author: van Min M Source: Forced Migration Review. 2009 Apr;(32):68-69. Abstract: This article discusses the need for comprehensive reproductive health services in all situations to prevent unnecessary deaths. It opens with a gripping story of a woman in birth reaching a hospital too late and not equipped with the proper supplies. It argues that not enough emphasis is placed on RH supplies and services and talks about solutions to overcome these challenges. Language: English Keywords: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO | RESEARCH REPORT | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CLINICAL DISTRIBUTION | EMERGENCY SERVICES | MATERNAL HEALTH | LOGISTICS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Health | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Management | Diseases Document Number: 340195 |
| 27. Title: Transporting, storing, and handling malaria rapid diagnostic tests at central and peripheral storage facilities. Author: World Health Organization [WHO], Regional Office for the Western Pacific; John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER; Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics [FIND]; Roll Back Malaria Partnership; United States. President's Malaria Initiative Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2009 Jul. [35] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-03-06-00007-00) Abstract: The publication is intended for staff at central and peripheral storage facilities that use malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). It describes the basic principles for management and storage of RDT stock, and it outlines practical solutions for protecting RDTs against high temperatures during storage and transport. It also describes how to manage waste generated from RDT use. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | MANUAL | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | USAID | MALARIA PREVENTION | TREATMENT | ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS | IMPLEMENTATION | LOGISTICS | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | SAFETY | QUALITY CONTROL | TESTING | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | Programs | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Public Health | Measurement | Research Methodology Document Number: 331476 |
| 28. Title: Transporting, storing, and handling malaria rapid diagnostic tests in health clinics. Author: World Health Organization [WHO]. Regional Office for the Western Pacific; John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER; Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics [FIND]; Roll Back Malaria Partnership; United States. President's Malaria Initiative Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2009 Jul. [35] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-03-06-00007-00) Abstract: The publication is intended for staff at health clinics that use malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). It describes the basic principles for management and storage of RDT stock, and it outlines practical solutions for protecting RDTs against high temperatures during storage and transport. It also describes how to manage waste generated from RDT use. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | HEALTH PERSONNEL | HEALTH FACILITIES | CLINIC ACTIVITIES | MALARIA PREVENTION | TESTING | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | LOGISTICS | WASTE MANAGEMENT | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | TRANSPORTATION | Programs | Organization and Administration | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Activities | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Management | Environment | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 331477 |
| 29. Title: Fact Sheet: Comprehensive HIV prevention: condoms and contraceptive count. Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2008. 4 p. (No. 21) Abstract: This fact sheet presents key findings from the 'Comprehensive HIV Prevention: Condoms and Contraceptives Count' which details successful public health strategies and a comprehensive condom programming framework. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | POLICYMAKERS | HIV PREVENTION | CONDOM USE | FEMALE CONDOMS | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | FOREIGN AID | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | LOGISTICS | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | PREVALENCE | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Economic Factors | Management | Programs | Measurement Document Number: 329883 |
| 30. Title: Saving lives now. Female condoms and the role of U.S. foreign aid. Author: Center for Health and Gender Equity [CHANGE] Source: Takoma Park, Maryland, Center for Health and Gender Equity [CHANGE], 2008. 56 p. Abstract: "Saving Lives Now: Female Condoms and the Role of U.S. Foreign Aid" relies on peer reviewed literature and interviews with reproductive health commodities programming and policy experts to outline the importance of female condoms as part of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health and HIV prevention programs. "Saving Lives Now" presents an in-depth overview of the female condom -- the only available HIV prevention method designed for women to initiate and control. The report explains the products, their many benefits and proven acceptability among women and men, and the challenges to making female condoms accessible to women and men. The report also describes the U.S. role in the procurement, distribution and programming of female condoms, and identifies policy and financial barriers within the U.S. government that inhibit successful integration of female condoms into reproductive health and HIV prevention interventions. In conclusion, the report offers policy and program recommendations aimed at improving U.S. support for increased global access to female condoms. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | FEMALE CONDOMS | FOREIGN AID | MICROBICIDES | ANAL SEX | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | LOGISTICS | COORDINATION | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Financial Activities | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Interpersonal Relations | Management | Organization and Administration | Programs Document Number: 326043 |
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