| 1. Title: [Knowledge of contraception, pregnancy, and sexuality in ninth grade pupils in the municipality of Viborg during a 21-year-period] Viden om praevention, graviditet og seksualitet gennem 21 ar hos 9. klasser i Author: Nielsen JL; Boelskifte J; Falk J; Lauszus FF; Rasmussen KL Source: Ugeskrift For Laeger. 2009 Mar 30;171(14):1163-7. Abstract: INTRODUCTION: A study of the sources of and the changes in the knowledge about contraception, pregnancy, and sexuality during a 21-year-period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was handed out on the same day in all ninth grade classes in the Municipality of Viborg without prior notice to teachers or pupils. The results were compared with similar studies performed in 1986, 1993, and 2000. RESULTS: In all 394 of 398 questionnaires were answered. The answers revealed that forty-three percent knew at which time in the cycle pregnancy can occur; boys with sexual debut scored lowest. The time limits for legal abortion were known by 64%, the girls had a higher level of knowledge on this item than the boys. The abortion limits for 16-year-old girls were known by 58%, but here the boys, who had made sexual debut, scored highest and the girls with no prior sexual experience scored lowest. The sources of knowledge changed over the years; screen-based media (TV, internet) now cover more than 30% of both gender's sources, and magazines/pornography comprise more than 50% of girls' and 30% of boys' sources of knowledge. The school's and friends' share in sexual education remained constant, while books and parents as knowledge sources show a downward trend. CONCLUSION: School and friends still play a substantial role in the sexual education of ninth grade pupils, but screen-based media and magazines are now the third-most important source of information and their importance have increased considerably over the past seven years. Knowledge of time limits for abortion, early pregnancy signs and cycle has not changed except for slight gender differences. Language: Danish Keywords: RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | ADOLESCENTS | KNOWLEDGE | CONTRACEPTION | PREGNANCY | SEXUALITY | CHANGES | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | FRIENDS AND RELATIVES | SEX EDUCATION | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Reproduction | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Change | Communication | Family and Household | Education Document Number: 330931 |
| 2. Title: [The sexual behavior of adolescents in some schools in the city of Embu, Sao Paulo, Brazil] O comportamento sexual de adolescentes em algumas escolas no municipio de Embu, Author: Bretas JR; Ohara CV; Jardim DP Source: Revista Gaucha De Enfermagem / EENFUFRGS. 2008 Dec;29(4):581-7. Abstract: It is a descriptive, qualitative study aimed at identifying some aspects related to teenagers' sexual behavior. The subjects of the study were 920 adolescents aged 10 to 19, who were attending primary and secondary schools in the region of Santo Eduardo, municipality of Embu, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The data were collected through a questionnaire with 28 structured questions. The results show that 77% of adolescents liked their bodies, 71% looked for information about sexuality, and 35% thought their parents were the primary source of information; 26% of them said they had an active sexual life, 79% had had the first sexual intercourse at the age of 14 or younger, and 81% used condoms. The results of the study emphasize the importance of providing sexual guidance for adolescents in order to encourage prevention attitudes. Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUALITY | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | FIRST INTERCOURSE | CONDOM USE | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Personality | Psychological Factors | Communication | Risk Reduction Behavior Document Number: 331259 |
3.  Peer Reviewed Title: Looking for sex in all the wrong places. Author: Camargo KR Jr; Mattos RA Source: Global Public Health. 2008;3(S2):92-104. Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of how issues on sexuality are captured by the World Bank's economic rationality, producing a sanitised discourse which, through its silences, further contributes to a normalised view of sexuality. Given the Bank's authority to determine what kinds of health and development programmes are established in the developing world, it is in a unique position to influence approaches to issues of gender and sexuality. An analysis of the Bank's documents reveals, however, that rather than addressing these fundamental components of some of the most pressing health emergencies of our time, its economic rationality and technocratic viewpoint has effectively silenced and sanitised the discourse on sexuality, thereby limiting what sexuality and gender-related issues can be tackled in the context of Bank sponsored programmes, and constraining efforts to advance fundamental sexual rights. Nevertheless, unexpected and paradoxical results may arise from that process, which, thus, does not necessarily lead to the furthering of a comprehensive conservative agenda. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CRITIQUE | LITERATURE REVIEW | WORLD BANK | SEXUALITY | GENDER ISSUES | ECONOMIC POLICY | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Policy | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Communication | Human Rights Document Number: 327685 |
4.  Title: Protecting the next generation in Uganda: New evidence on adolescent sexual and reproductive health needs. Author: Darabi L; Bankole A; Serumaga S; Neema S; Kibombo R Source: 2008;New York, New York, Guttmacher Institute, 2008. 48 p. Abstract: As young people grow into adolescence and young adulthood, most will become sexually active and thus be exposed to the dual risks of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), most importantly HIV. Although Uganda's multipronged HIV prevention program - consisting of direct programmatic efforts to promote abstinence, monogamy and condom use, as well as a wide range of other strategies to fight stigma, such as outreach to religious leaders - successfully contributed to a drop in HIV prevalence in the 1990s, that decline may have reached a plateau. Key to Uganda's continued success in reducing HIV/AIDS, as well as unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion, is a commitment to focusing on young people, who dominate the country's population. This, however, is no simple task. Those committed to protecting the next generation of Ugandans must recognize the diversity and varying needs of adolescents. For all adolescents, one this is certain: Any program of policy aimed at protecting thesexual and reproductive health of youth will be more successful if it reaches them at the appropriate time, in some cases before they become sexually active. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | TECHNICAL REPORT | QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | RECOMMENDATIONS | ADOLESCENTS | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | KNOWLEDGE | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | RISK FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Evaluation | Biology Document Number: 325785 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Social and logistical barriers to the use of reversible contraception among women in a rural Indian village. Author: Hall MA; Stephenson RB; Juvekar S Source: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 2008 Jun;26(2):241-250. Abstract: Women in a small coastal village in western India were asked to explain their preference for female sterilization over modern reversible contraceptive methods. Married women aged 19+ years were interviewed in six focus groups (n=60) and individually (n=15) regarding contraceptive methods and their use and side-effects. Women publicly denied contraceptive use but privately acknowledged limited use. They obtained contraceptive information from other village women and believed that modern reversible methods and vasectomy have high physical and social risks, and fertility goals could be achieved without their use. Women felt that reversible contraception is undesirable, socially unacceptable, and usually unnecessary, although the achievement of fertility goals is likely due to the use of female sterilization with abortion as a back-up method. Economic migration of village men may also play a role. Although women with high social capital can effectively disseminate correct knowledge, the impact on the uptake of reversible method is uncertain. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | WOMEN | MARRIAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE DETERMINANTS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | REVERSIBILITY | BELIEFS | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | FEMALE STERILIZATION | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Nuptiality | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Culture | Communication | Sterilization, Sexual Document Number: 327595 |
| 6. Title: Ethiopian women's perspectives on reproductive health. Results from a PEER study in the Guraghe zone. Author: Hemmings J; Wubshet T; Lemma S; Antoni T; Cherinet T Source: London, United Kingdom, Options, 2008 May. 56 p. Abstract: This study was conducted to learn about the social context in which reproductive health decisions are made among women of childbearing age in rural and peri-urban areas of the Guraghe Zone, Ethiopia. Results will inform MSI-E's advocacy programme, communications design, and development of social marketing tools. Using the PEER approach, local women developed their own research questions, interviewed their friends, and fed back findings to the research team. They collected detailed qualitative data on gender dynamics, socioeconomic conditions, attitudes to family planning, and experience of health services and communications. The study was conducted in and around Wolkite, a town 150km south west of Addis Ababa on the main road to Jinna. The women recruited were broadly typical of the area's population: of reproductive age, a mixture of Christian and Muslim, engaged in farming and trading in local markets, and busy with young families and domestic work. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FORMATIVE RESEARCH | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | WOMEN | PEER GROUPS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING | ATTITUDES | AWARENESS | BELIEFS | DECISION MAKING | GENDER RELATIONS | WOMEN'S STATUS | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Communication | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Culture | Gender Issues | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 328160 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Exploring opportunities to project a "responsible man" image: Gatekeepers' views of young men's sexual and reproductive health needs in Uttaranchal, India. Author: Khan ME; Mishra A; Morankar S Source: International Quarterly of Community Health Education. 2008;28(1):13-31. Abstract: Increase in extramarital sex among youths, gender-based violence, lack of contraceptive knowledge among newly married couples and lack of knowledge of protection against diseases like STIs/HIV are the information and service needs of young people that need to be addressed urgently in order to make them future knowledgeable, responsible, and non-violent partners. In addressing these needs the gatekeepers, including parents, formal and informal community leaders and teachers, play a critical role, by facilitating/ hindering access to appropriate and correct information about sexual and reproductive health to young people. The study was conducted in a district of Uttaranchal, India. The specific objective was to understand the social context and gatekeepers' views on family planning and sexual and reproductive health needs of young men. Thirty-two in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions were conducted with parents, formal and informal community leaders, teachers, and selected developmentofficials. The findings indicate that gatekeepers are worried about rapid changes in the aspiration, expectation, and behavior of young men. Most of them were seriously concerned about the increasing drinking habit, use of drugs, and changing values of sexuality leading to various risk behaviors among young men. They felt that many of these changes are consequences of wider societal changes, rising aspirations, explosion of electronic media, and globalization of a new youth culture where extramarital sex, alcohol consumption, and violence are expressions of different facets of masculinity and symbols of the affluent class. Overall, there was a feeling that TV/films and their peers now influence more the socialization of young people and parents are losing control in guidance and mentoring of their children. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | FOCUS GROUPS | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEX EDUCATION | FAMILY PLANNING | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | KNOWLEDGE | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | PARENTS | COMMUNITY LEADERS | TEACHERS | ATTITUDES | SOCIAL CHANGE | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Behavior | Education | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Influentials | Psychological Factors | Evaluation Document Number: 327808 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Internet influences on sexual practices among young people in Hanoi, Vietnam. Author: Ngo AD; Ross MW; Ratliff EA Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2008 Jun;10 Suppl 1:S201-S213. Abstract: While the influences of the Internet on adult sexuality are well recognized, research on the potential connection between the Internet and young people's sexuality is still limited. We conducted a qualitative study to examine how young people (aged 15-19 years) in Hanoi, Vietnam used the Internet to develop sexual practices and identities. Our analysis of texts from focus groups, in-depth interviews, chat scripts and field notes reveals how the Internet is used to assemble sexual information that was not available from other sources such as the family and school. Young people's narratives also show how they use the Internet as a medium for expressing sexual identities and desires. In the light of these findings, we suggest expanding sex education to include issues that are important to young people such as emotions and relationships, rather than simply focusing more narrowly on reproduction, public health and other interests of the state. (author's) Language: English Keywords: VIETNAM | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | FOCUS GROUPS | INTERVIEWS | YOUTH | SEX BEHAVIOR | INTERNET | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | SOCIAL CHANGE | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | COMMUNICATION | ATTITUDES | CULTURE | BELIEFS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Information Networks | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors Document Number: 326394 |
| 9. Title: Growth, productivity, and scientific impact of sources of HIV / AIDS research information, with a focus on eastern and southern Africa. Author: Onyancha OB Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2008 May;7(1):55-70. Abstract: As channels of communicating HIV/AIDS research information, serial publications and particularly journals are increasingly used in response to the pandemic. The last few decades have witnessed a proliferation of sources of HIV/AIDS-related information, bringing many challenges to collection-development librarians as well as to researchers. This study uses an informetric approach to examine the growth, productivity and scientific impact of these sources, during the period 1980 to 2005, and especially to measure performance in the publication and dissemination of HIV/AIDS research about or from eastern or southern Africa. Data were collected from MEDLINE, Science Citation Index (SCI), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), and Ulrich's Periodical Directory. The analysis used Sitkis version 1.5, Microsoft Office Access, Microsoft Office Excel, Bibexcel, and Citespace version 2.0.1. The specific objectives were to identify the number of sources of HIV/AIDS-related information that have been published in the region, the coverage of these in key bibliographic databases, the most commonly used publication type for HIV/AIDS research, the countries in which the sources are published, the sources' productivity in terms of numbers of papers and citations, the most influential sources, the subject coverage of the sources, and the core sources of HIV/AIDS-information. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | INFORMATION PROCESSING | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | AIDS | DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | IMPACT | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Communication | Information | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Technology | Economic Factors Document Number: 327160 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: Change in trend of contraceptive uptake -- effect of educational leaflets and counseling. Author: Saeed GA; Fakhar S; Rahim F; Tabassum S Source: Contraception. 2008 May;77(5):377-381. Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the impact of counseling and educational leaflets on contraceptive practices of couples. Randomization of 600 women was done in two groups matched for age, parity and socioeconomic status at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shifa Foundation Community Health Centre, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan. In Group A, the intervention group was exposed to contraceptive counseling and educational leaflets in the postnatal ward after delivery, whereas in Group B, the nonintervention group was not given any formal contraceptive advice. Later on, both groups were assessed regarding their contraceptive practices. At their follow-up visit (8-12 weeks) postpartum, 19 (6.3%) women in the nonintervention group had started contraceptive use, whereas 153 (50.8%) had decided to start contraception in the next 6 months, and 129 (42.8%) women were still undecided. The main contraceptive user was the male partner (n=117, 38.8%), and the most common method used was coitus interruptus (n=62, 36.3%). In the intervention group, 170 women (56.9%) had started using contraceptives, whereas 129 (43.1%) had decided to start contraceptive use in the next 6 months. The predominant contraceptive user was the females (n=212-70.9%), and the most popular method chosen was oral contraceptive pills (n=111, 37.1%). There is a definite increase in contraceptive uptake in women provided with educational leaflets and counseling session with a shift toward use of more reliable contraceptive methods. (author's) Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | COUPLES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | INTERVENTIONS | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | COUNSELING | KNOWLEDGE | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Communication Document Number: 325854 |
| 11. Title: Common cause, collective strength. Findings of an evaluation of support groups of women and children living with and / or affected by HIV / AIDS in three Indian states. Author: India HIV / AIDS Alliance Source: New Delhi, India, India HIV / AIDS Alliance, 2007 Mar. 36 p. (Civil Society Organisation Capacity Analysis Series) Abstract: An assessment of the impact of support groups of women and children in the States of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Delhi was carried out by means of a support group participatory evaluation having the following objectives: provide an overview of the programme process undertaken; evaluate the outcomes and impact of the support groups; explore the changes in support group capacity; identify and define reasons for change; provide recommendations. This report is a compilation of the expected outputs from the evaluation, i.e.: A methodology for enabling support groups and external stakeholders to monitor and evaluate support group capacity development: A report of the outcomes of the evaluation, giving details on: why and how the groups were formed; what helps and what hinders the start-up of support groups; what helps to the keep support groups going; what hinders support groups. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | EVALUATION REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | WOMEN | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SUPPORT GROUPS | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | STIGMA | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Evaluation | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Networks | Friends and Relatives | Communication | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Social Problems Document Number: 323676 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Cluster randomised trial of an active, multifaceted educational intervention based on the WHO Reproductive Health Library to improveobstetric practices. Author: Gulmezoglu AM; Langer A; Piaggio G; Lumbiganon P; Villar J Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2007 Jan;114(1):16-23. Abstract: We conducted a trial to evaluate the effect of an active, multifaceted educational strategy to promote the use of the WHO Reproductive Health Library (RHL) on obstetric practices. Design: Cluster randomised trial. The trial was assigned the International Standardised Randomised Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN14055385. Settings: Twenty-two hospitals in Mexico City and 18 in the Northeast region of Thailand. The intervention consisted primarily of three interactive workshops using RHL over a period of 6 months. The focus of the workshops was to provide access to knowledge and enable its use. A computer and support for using both the computer and RHL were provided at each hospital. The control hospitals did not receive any intervention. The main outcome measures were changes in ten selected clinical practices as recommended in RHL starting approximately four to six months after the third workshop. Clinical practice data were collected at each hospital from 1000 consecutively delivered women or for a 6-month period whichever was reached sooner. The active, multifaceted educational intervention we employed did not affect the ten targeted practices in a consistent and substantive way. Iron/folate supplementation, uterotonic use after birth and breastfeeding on demand were already frequently practiced, and we were unable to measure external cephalic version. Of the remaining six practices, selective, as opposed to routine episiotomy policy increased in the intervention group (difference in adjusted mean rate = 5.3%; 95% CI -0.1 to 10.7%) in Thailand, and there was a trend towards an increased use of antibiotics at caesarean section in Mexico (difference in adjusted mean rate = 19.0%; 95% CI: -8.0 to 46.0%). There were no differences in the use of labour companionship, magnesium sulphate use for eclampsia, corticosteroids for women delivering before 34 weeks and vacuum extraction. RHL awareness (24.8- 65.5% in Mexico and 33.9-83.3% in Thailand) and use (4.8-34.9% in Mexico and 15.5-76.4% in Thailand) increased substantially after the intervention in both countries. The multifaceted, active strategy to provide health workers with the knowledge and skills to use RHL to improve their practice led to increased access to and use of RHL, however, no consistent or substantive changes in clinical practices were detected within 4-6 months after the third workshop. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | FOLLOW-UP STUDIES | HOSPITAL PERSONNEL | WHO | OBSTETRICS | HOSPITALS | BEST PRACTICES | INTERVENTIONS | WORKSHOPS | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | Developing Countries | North America | Americas | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Medicine | Health Services | Health Facilities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Communication Document Number: 310571 |
| 13. Title: Estimating the number of abortions in France, 1976 -- 2002. Author: Rossier C; Pirus C Source: Population-E. 2007;62(1):57-88. Abstract: Induced abortion was provisionally decriminalized by the 1975 Veil Act and fully legalized in 1979. The law requires an anonymous notification form to be completed for each abortion, recording certain characteristics of the woman concerned and medical data on the abortion itself. For many years, these records were the only statistical source available for the whole country. In the 1990s, two further sources appeared, based on hospital statistics. The authors compare the three sets of statistics and carefully analyse their respective biases to determine the level and trends of induced abortion since the 1975 Act. This is a valuable exercise, given the need to assess the effectiveness of public policy in providing information and access to contraception, an area where, as some studies have shown, there is still room for improvement. (author's) Language: English Keywords: FRANCE | LITERATURE REVIEW | ABORTION RATE | ABORTION LAW | FAMILY PLANNING | ABORTION | LEGISLATION | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | NOTIFICATION | DATA COLLECTION | ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS | SCORING METHODS | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Survey Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies Document Number: 308872 Notification |
| 14. Title: Grandmothers promote maternal and child health: the role of indigenous knowledge systems' managers. Author: Aubel J Source: [Washington, D.C.], World Bank, Africa Region, Knowledge and Learning Center, 2006 Feb. 4 p. (IK Notes No. 89) Abstract: In virtually all societies, the managers of indigenous knowledge systems that deal with the development, care and well-being of women and children are senior women, or grandmothers. In that function, grandmothers are expected to advise and supervise the younger generations. However, most development programs neither acknowledge their influence nor explicitly involve them in efforts to strengthen existing family and community survival strategies. Many discussions of indigenous knowledge tend to be rather narrow, in two respects. First, IK is often presented in terms of specific knowledge and practices, or "nuggets of traditional wisdom" in relative isolation from the community knowledge authorities and systems of which such knowledge is a part. Second, many discussions of IK point to the beneficial elements of traditional knowledge and practice while completely ignoring the harmful elements, There is a need to broaden the concept of IK in development programs: first, to view IK in the context of community and household systems, that include the IK managers and the mechanisms they use to communicate their knowledge to others; and second, to consider both beneficial and harmful practices in indigenous knowledge systems related, for example, to health, nutrition or initiation rites. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | GRANDPARENTS | OLDER ADULTS | TRADITIONAL HEALERS | COMMUNITY | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | INFORMATION SOURCES | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | GENDER ISSUES | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Traditional Medicine | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Primary Health Care | Communication | Information | Culture | Child Rearing | Behavior Document Number: 316483 |
| 15. Title: Personality traits as predictors of intentions to seek online information about STDs and HIV / AIDS among junior and senior college students in Taiwan. Author: Lu HY; Palmgreen PC; Zimmerman RS; Lane DR; Alexander LJ Source: CyberPsychology and Behavior. 2006;9(5):577-583. Abstract: The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to examine how personality traits such as sensation-seeking and impulsive decision-making affect Taiwanese college students' intentions to seek online information about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Five hundred thirty-five (n = 535) junior and senior college students in Taiwan were recruited and completed self-report questionnaires. This study found high sensation-seekers were more likely to seek information about STDs and HIV/AIDS on the Internet than low sensation-seekers. Impulsive decision-makers were less likely than rational decision-makers to seek information about STDs and HIV/AIDS on the Internet. These findings suggest that personality needs to be considered as an exploratory factor which potentially influences intentions to seek STD and HIV/AIDS information on the Internet among Taiwanese college students. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TAIWAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | SURVEYS | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | PERSONALITY | DECISION MAKING | INTERNET | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Studies | Education | Schools | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Information Networks | Communication | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases Document Number: 317945 |
| 16. Title: What happens to traditional knowledge and use of natural resources when people migrate? [¿Qué sucede con los conocimientos tradicionales y el uso de los recursos naturales cuando las personas emigran?] Author: Nesheim I; Dhillion SS; Stolen KA Source: Human Ecology. 2006 Feb;34(1):99-131. Abstract: The study investigates traditional knowledge of forest plants in a community (La Quetzal) inhabited by people who returned to Guatemala at the end of the civil war, after 10--12 years in exile in Southern Mexico, and now are in the process of constructing a new community in the Lacandon jungle in the Peten, Guatemala. We ask if the basis of knowledge and the use of natural resources change when people migrate. The relevance of vascular plant diversity for consumption and other daily needs of the population is explored. Relatively few species are presently used, with the exception of timber species, where knowledge seems to be increasing. Traditional knowledge has been maintained in certain areas such as medicine. Nature as such is regarded as important primarily as potential monetary capital and not for its subsistence capital. We find that the refugee situation has led to the introduction of global consumption patterns. Still there continues to be a dynamic local intuitive knowledge arising directly from practical experiences. Two interlinked factors have been the driving forces altering the knowledge and the use of natural resources by the people in La Quetzal: Change in the natural environment and change in the social and economic environment. (author's) Spanish Abstract: Este estudio investiga los conocimientos tradicionales de las plantas silvestres en una comunidad (La Quetzal) habitada por personas que regresaron a Guatemala cuando finalizó la guerra civil, después de permanecer en el exilio en el sur de México durante 10 a 12 años y que, en la actualidad, están en proceso de erigir una nueva comunidad en la selva Lacandon en el Petén de Guatemala. El objetivo es averiguar si las bases de los conocimientos y el uso de los recursos naturales cambian cuando las personas emigran. Se investiga la importancia de la diversidad de plantas vasculares para el consumo y otras necesidades diarias de la población. En la actualidad se utilizan relativamente pocas especies, con la excepción de los árboles madereros sobre los que parece haber una expansión de conocimientos. Los conocimientos tradicionales se han mantenido en ciertas áreas como la medicina. La naturaleza como tal se considera importante básicamente como capital monetario potencial y no como capital de subsistencia. Se observó que la situación de refugiados ha derivado en la introducción de patrones mundiales de consumo. No obstante, se mantienen los conocimientos locales dinámicos intuitivos que se desprenden directamente de la experiencia concreta. Dos factores interrelacionados han sido las fuerzas impulsoras que alteran los conocimientos y el uso de los recursos naturales de la población de La Quetzal: los cambios en el medio ambiente natural y los cambios en la esfera social y económica. (del autor) Language: English Keywords: GUATEMALA | RESEARCH REPORT | KNOWLEDGE | ECOLOGY | NATURAL RESOURCES | PLANTS | RETURN MIGRATION | CHANGES | FORESTS | MEDICINAL PLANTS | FOOD AND BEVERAGE | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | Developing Countries | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Sociocultural Factors | Environment | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Change | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Nutrition | Communication Document Number: 302557 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: Sources of AIDS awareness among women in India. Author: Pallikadavath S; Sreedharan C; Stones RW Source: AIDS Care. 2006 Jan;18(1):44-48. Abstract: Sources of AIDS awareness among rural and urban Indian women were analysed using data from the National Family and Health Survey (1998-2000). Two measures were developed to study the impact each source had on knowledge. 'Effectiveness' was defined as the proportion of women who had heard of AIDS from only one source, from among women who had heard of AIDS from that particular source and other sources. 'Independent effect' was the proportion who had heard of AIDS from only one source in relation to all women who had heard of AIDS. Television was the most effective medium, and also had the highest independent effect. Radio and print had very low effectiveness and independent effect. Although television and print audiences are growing in India, it is likely a sub-group of women will continue to lack media access. There is an urgent need to disseminate AIDS awareness to this 'media underclass'. Since the media will not reach this group, other sources including health workers, community level activities such as adult education programmes, and networks of friends and relatives need to be explored. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | HEALTH SURVEYS | EVER MARRIED | WOMEN | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | MASS MEDIA | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Health | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 293157 |
| 18. Title: Adolescents' exposure to sexually explicit online material and recreational attitudes toward sex. Author: Peter J; Valkenburg PM Source: Journal of Communication. 2006 Dec;56(4):639-660. Abstract: Previous research has largely ignored the implications of adolescents' exposure to sexually explicit online material for their sexual attitude formation. To study whether adolescents' exposure to sexually explicit material on the Internet is related to recreational attitudes toward sex, we conducted an online survey among 471 Dutch adolescents aged 13-18. In line with an orientation 1 - stimulus - orientation 2 - response (O/1-S-O/2- R) model, we found a pattern of multiple mediated relationships. Male adolescents (O/1) used sexually explicit online material (S) more than female adolescents, which led to a greater perceived realism of such material (O/2). Perceived realism (O/2), in turn, mediated the relationship between exposure to sexually explicit online material (S) and recreational attitudes toward sex (R). Exposure to sexually explicit online material, then, is related to more recreational attitudes toward sex, but this relationship is influenced by adolescents' gender and mediated by the extent to which they perceive online sexual material as realistic. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NETHERLANDS | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | INTERNET | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | IMPACT | ATTITUDES | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEX FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Information Networks | Communication | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 308187 |
| 19. Title: Identifying effective communication channels in a rural community: a field report from South India. Author: Ramachandran R; Jaggarajamma K; Muniyandi M; Balasubramanian R Source: Indian Journal of Tuberculosis. 2006 Oct;53(4):206-211. Abstract: There is scarcity of information on communication channels in rural areas where about 38% of people are illiterate. The objective was to identify the channels of communication available in rural areas by interviewing key informants. This study was conducted in 51 villages of Ellapuram block, Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu in the year 2004. Key informants selected from the villages were interviewed by a Medical Social Worker. The questionnaire included information on modes of communication channels, availability of markets, public facilities, and local associations. The study block included 9893 households covering a population of 39255. Their main occupation was agriculture (86%). Electricity was available in all the villages. More than 80% of the villagers had community TV/cable connections, >50% of the villages had cinema star fan associations, mahila mandals, youth clubs, self-help groups, anganwadi centres and ration shops. The main source of communication as per interview was television (100%), wallposters (55%); publicity through panchayat office meetings (53%) and dandora or beat of drums (43%). Main communication channels, commonly used to disseminate information were TV and wall posters. More than 50% of villages had local associations which can be used for effective communication. This information is vital for disseminating important information on public health programmes and educating the rural community. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | RURAL POPULATION | INFORMATION | EDUCATION | COMMUNICATION | IEC | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | TELEVISION | PRINTED MEDIA | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Broadcast Media | Mass Media Document Number: 314328 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Intensive care of patients with HIV infection. Author: Saccente M Source: New England Journal of Medicine. 2006 Oct 12;355(15):1619. Abstract: Huang et al. suggest several factors to consider before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in critically ill patients with HIV infection, but they do not discuss the implications of such therapy regarding adherence issues. Although adherence approaches 100% during hospitalization, a subgroup of patients will not take their medications after discharge. Factors associated with decreased adherence (substance abuse, depression, a lack of social support, and a lack of insurance coverage to pay for medications) should be addressed before antiretroviral therapy is begun. It is extraordinarily difficult to try to resolve these issues during hospitalization for a critical illness. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | HOSPITALS | TREATMENT | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | COUNSELING | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Health | Health Facilities | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Communication | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 309613 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Ethnic Korean women's perceptions about birth control. Author: Wiebe ER; Henderson A; Choi J; Trouton K Source: Contraception. 2006;73:623-627. Abstract: We see many Korean women in our clinics and we have found them to have negative attitudes to hormonal contraception. We need to understand their perceptions and experiences with contraception in order to improve the effectiveness of our contraceptive counseling. This was a qualitative descriptive study, conducted in an urban family practice office. The participants were a convenience sample of 40 ethnic Korean women. Data were collected in semistructured interviews by one interviewer who is fluent in English and Korean. Transcribed interviews were analyzed to identify salient themes. There was a deep distrust of hormonal methods of contraception and belief that hormones caused permanent harm. Unlike the findings in our other studies of Asian women, these women were satisfied with their usual methods of combining condoms, rhythm and withdrawal. They described good communication with their partners (which is necessary for the effective use of their chosen approaches). When counseling Korean women about contraception, it is important to discuss the cultural bias against hormonal contraception involving beliefs that hormones cause permanent harm. It is also important to recognize the very successful use of condoms, rhythm and withdrawal by these couples. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CANADA | KOREA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | WOMEN | IMMIGRANTS | ETHNIC GROUPS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | Developed Countries | North America, Northern | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Methods | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Communication Document Number: 300861 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: Osteoporosis knowledge, beliefs, and practices among adolescent females. Author: Anderson KD; Chad KE; Spink KS Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2005;36:305-312. Abstract: The purpose was to assess knowledge, beliefs, and practices of osteoporosis risk factors (physical activity, smoking, and nutrition) among adolescent girls. Questionnaires consisting of items assessing knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding physical activity, calcium intake, and cigarette smoking were administered to 227 girls aged 12–16 years. The adolescent girls were attending public and separate schools in a small-sized Canadian city. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Female adolescents believed that physical inactivity, smoking, and inadequate calcium were health-risking behaviors and osteoporosis risk factors, however, specific in-depth knowledge regarding these risk factors was lacking. Findings further showed that health-risking behaviors were evident, as 25% were current smokers, 58% consumed less than the adequate intake for calcium, and 52% had scores that reflected low to moderate physical activity levels. These results highlight the need for educational interventions to promote specific osteo-protective practices among adolescent girls. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK FACTORS | BELIEFS | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | OSTEOPOROSIS | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Biology | Culture | Communication | Skeletal Effects | Physiology Document Number: 286013 |
| 23. Title: Knowledge, attitudes and practice related to Papanicolaou smear test among Argentina's women. [Conocimiento, actitudes y práctica inherentes al Papanicolaou entre las mujeres argentinas] Author: Gamarra CJ; Paz EP; Griep RH Source: Revista de Saude Publica / Journal of Public Health. 2005 Apr;39(2):270-276. Abstract: The objectives were to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding the Papanicolaou test in an Argentinean community. Two hundred women were interviewed at their homes in Puerto Leoni, Misiones, Argentina. Women were selected by simple random sampling. Answers were described in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and practice, ant their respective adequacies with respect to the Papanicolaou test, as previously defined. Adequacy was compared between the categories of the control variables by 2 test with a 5% significance level. Knowledge and practice of the Papanicolaou test were adequate in 49.5% and 30.5% of subjects, respectively, although the attitude towards the test was considered adequate in 80.5% of subjects. Another important finding was that women reported as the main reason for not undergoing the test the lack of a request by a physician or healthcare professional. Our results show a need for increasing the information provided to the public, especially by healthcare services and professionals, thus generating knowledge among the population of the advantages and benefits of Papanicolaou testing. (author's) Spanish Abstract: El objetivo fue evaluar el conocimiento, las actitudes y la práctica asociados al Papanicolaou en la comunidad argentina. Se realizaron entrevistas domiciliarias a doscientas mujeres de Puerto Leoni, Misiones, Argentina. Las mujeres se seleccionaron aleatoriamente mediante muestreo simple. Las respuestas se describieron en términos de conocimiento, actitudes y práctica, y su respectiva adecuación en relación con el Papanicolaou, como se describió anteriormente. Se comparó la adecuación entre las categorías de las variables de control mediante dos pruebas con un nivel de significancia del 5%. El conocimiento y la práctica del Papanicolaou fueron adecuados en un 49,5% y un 30,5% de las participantes, respectivamente, en tanto que la actitud en torno a la prueba se consideró adecuada en el 80,5% de las mujeres. Otro importante hallazgo fue que las mujeres refirieron como motivo principal para no someterse a la prueba la falta de prescripción por un médico o profesional de atención de la salud. Nuestros resultados revelan la necesidad de ampliar la información suministrada al público, especialmente por parte de los servicios y profesionales de atención de la salud, a fin de informar a la población las ventajas y beneficios del Papanicolaou. (del autor) Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | SAMPLING STUDIES | WOMEN | PAP SMEAR | CERVICAL CANCER | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | OBSTACLES | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Surveys | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Communication | Organization and Administration | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 290506 |
| 24. Peer Reviewed Title: HIV / AIDS stories on the World Wide Web and transformation perspective. Author: Mohammed SN; Thombre A Source: Journal of Health Communication. 2005 Jun;10(4):347-360. Abstract: Survivor stories have been an important part of therapy and social support for persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS (PLWHAs), and the World Wide Web has made these stories accessible to a vast audience. These stories are examined in the light of the concept of ‘‘transformation perspective’’ defined as a self-communicative experience that changes an individual’s life so that priorities and self-identity are refocused. The trigger event that alters the individual’s life might be a diagnosis with cancer, HIV, diabetes, or some other serious illness; divorce; financial tragedy; unemployment; or retirement. The ‘‘disorienting dilemma,’’ according to Mezirow, leads to self-examination, and thus to changes in the individual’s frame of reference. The present study found that PLWHA’s stories with more details were more likely to reflect transformation perspective. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | INFORMATION | INTERNET | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | COMMUNICATION | SUPPORT GROUPS | EMOTIONS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Information Networks | Social Networks | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 289299 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Women Connect! Strengthening communications to meet sexual and reproductive health challenges. Author: Pillsbury B; Mayer D Source: Journal of Health Communication. 2005 Jun;10(4):361-371. Abstract: Women’s nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have significant comparative advantage for addressing sexual and reproductive health challenges facing women and families. This article describes an initiative to assist women’s NGOs in developing greater skills using media and information communication technology for communicating women’s health messages. Participating women’s groups in Africa undertook innovative media projects—radio broadcasts on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and family planning, an antiviolence campaign, media campaigns on avoiding teen pregnancy—and designed websites, established Internet cafe´ s, and downloaded health information from the Internet. Lessons learned offer guidance for collaboration with women’s NGOs everywhere to strengthen communication for addressing critical sexual and reproductive health issues. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN'S GROUPS | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | COMMUNICATION | SEX EDUCATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HIV INFECTIONS | INTERNET | MASS MEDIA | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | HUMAN RIGHTS | Developing Countries | Interest Groups | Political Factors | Organizations | Education | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Information Networks Document Number: 289300 |
| 26. Title: Better understanding is achievable [letter] Author: Basnyat B Source: BMJ. British Medical Journal. 2004 Apr 3;328(7443):839. Abstract: As well as helping students, doctors, and policy makers in South Asia, this theme issue will also educate interested people in the West so that those who wish to help this region will be better informed. A case in point: the latest (15th) edition of Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine,1 which is extensively used by medical professionals in this region, has almost nothing on a common local problem, altitude sickness. This condition affects many pilgrims, porters, and trekkers that sojourn to the high altitude regions in the Himalayas, the Karakoram, or the Hindu Kush mountains. It can even become life threatening, with high altitude cerebral oedema or high altitude pulmonary oedema, pathophysiological processes that are intriguing. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ASIA, SOUTHERN | RECOMMENDATIONS | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | MEDICINE | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | ALTITUDE | EDEMA | WASTE MANAGEMENT | Asia | Developing Countries | Communication | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Organization and Administration | Environment | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases Document Number: 191523 |
| 27. Title: Improving adolescent reproductive health in Bangladesh. Author: Bhuiya I; Rob U; Chowdhury AH; Rahman L; Haque N Source: Dhaka, Bangladesh, Population Council, Frontiers in Reproductive Health, 2004 Nov. [90] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-98-00012-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No: PN-ADC-204) Abstract: Adolescents constitute one-fourth of the population of Bangladesh. The effects of globalization, rising age at marriage, rapid urbanization and greater opportunities for socialization have heightened the risk of STIs, HIV/AIDS and unwanted pregnancy. While adolescents have unmet needs for reproductive health information and services, these are not addressed by parents, schools or the existing health care systems. An operations research project was launched in northwestern Bangladesh with the objective of preventing adverse outcomes and promoting healthy lifestyles among adolescents by providing reproductive health education and services. The Population Council, in collaboration with the Urban Family Health Partnership (UFHP) and its three nongovernmental service delivery partners, working in urban sites of Pabna (Site A), Dinajpur (Site B), and Rangpur (Site C) carried out the study. Sites A and B were intervention sites while Site C served as a control. A quasi-experimental design with prepost measurements and two experimental strategies was used. Strategy I (Site A) provided reproductive health education to out-of-school adolescents linked with adolescent-friendly services at health facilities while Strategy II (Site B) provided reproductive health education to both in-school and out-of-school adolescents linked with adolescent-friendly services at health facilities. Teachers and facilitators were trained to provide reproductive health education to in-school and out-of-school adolescents respectively, while service providers were trained to offer friendly services to adolescents at the health facilities. Two population-based surveys among about 6000 adolescents were carried out; the baseline and endline data were collected during February to April 2000 and April to June 2002, respectively. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | ADOLESCENTS | PEER EDUCATORS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH EDUCATION | SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Health | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Communication | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 287656 |
| 28. Title: Maternal nutrition knowledge and the demand for micronutrient-rich foods: evidence from Indonesia. Author: Block SA Source: Journal of Development Studies. 2004 Aug;40(6):82-105. Abstract: This study applies both parametric and non-parametric techniques to a new household data set from rural Indonesia to explain previous findings of a reduced-form relationship between nutrition knowledge and child micronutrient status. Households of mothers with and without nutrition knowledge allocate identical budget shares to food; yet, within the food budget, ‘knowledge’ households allocate substantially larger shares to micronutrient-rich foods and smaller shares to rice than do ‘non-knowledge’ households. These differences are partially attributable to differences in maternal schooling, but nutrition knowledge has additional sources (in particular, access to the village health center/posyandu) and independent explanatory power in conditioning the demand for micronutrient-rich foods. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | MOTHERS | CHILD NUTRITION | KNOWLEDGE | VITAMINS AND MINERALS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | DEFICIENCY DISEASES | HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION | RESOURCE ALLOCATION | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Nutrition | Health | Physiology | Biology | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Nutrition Disorders | Diseases | Microeconomic Factors | Financial Activities | Communication Document Number: 283596 |
| 29. Title: Skills of evidence based medicine need to be taught [letter] Author: Chryssafidou E; Arvanitis TN; Khan KS; Coomarasamy A Source: BMJ. British Medical Journal. 2004 Apr 3;328(7443):839. Abstract: A paradigm shift in clinical practice towards evidence based medicine can be embraced even in the poorest countries, where constraints to implementing effective health care may include lack of financial resources, and political will. Practicing evidence based medicine requires using information and communication technologies to access relevant guidelines, reviews, primary literature, and relevant critical appraisal skills, which need to be taught separately. We conducted a survey of medical practitioners in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to investigate views, attitudes, and practice concerning evidence based medicine and information and communication technologies, as part of a European Union funded project. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | SUMMARY REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | MEDICINE | RESOURCE ALLOCATION | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | TECHNOLOGY | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Services | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Communication Document Number: 191522 |
| 30. Title: Adolescence and abortion in Greece: women's profile and perceptions. Author: Mavroforou A; Koumantakis E; Michalodimitrakis E Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2004;17:321-326. Abstract: The purpose was to investigate the individual and social profile of the adolescents seeking abortion in Greece. Questionnaires were distributed from the obstetricians practicing in the capital and two major cities in Greece to adolescent pregnant women who were seeking for abortion and collected anonymously. From 150 consecutive pregnant adolescents, 38 refused to participate and from 112 who accepted to participate only 74 (66%) replied. Most of the respondents lived in a city (65%), were unmarried (73%), 62% had sex first time after the age of 15, and the educational status of their parents was rarely at higher degree (father: 20%, mother: 16%). Among them, 74% declared that they had received information on contraception (64% from friends, 47% from doctors, 36% from the media). Overall, withdrawal (49%) and male condom (28.5%) were the popular contraceptive precautions. Abortion was adolescents’ decision in 65%, while the partner’s influence in the case of a shared decision was as high as 73%. Most adolescents (91%) knew about the potential risks of abortion mainly by their doctor (87%) and socio-economical reasons (89%) were mostly claimed. Their parents were rarely aware about their pregnancy (28%) and decision for abortion (28%). In most cases it was the first abortion (78%) and adolescents declared that were aware about the Greek Church’s opposition (89%) and the existence of an abortion law (86%). In Greece, the poor education on the issue of contraception still remains a major problem among teenagers contributing to the increased prevalence of undesired pregnancies and abortions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GREECE | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ABORTION | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ABORTION LAW | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | SEX EDUCATION | Developed Countries | Europe, Southern | Europe | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Religion | Communication | Education Document Number: 278554 Notification |
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