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Peer Reviewed

Title: Demographic and personality factors as predictors of HIV/STD partner-specific risk perceptions: implications for interventions.
Author: Mehrotra P; Noar SM; Zimmerman RS; Palmgreen P
Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2009 Feb;21(1):39-54.
Abstract: Although risk perception as a motivator of precautionary behavior is a key component of several health behavior theories, this motivational hypothesis has found mixed support in the HIV/AIDS area. This may be, in part, because risk perceptions are more complex than they are treated in many studies of the motivational hypothesis. The current study examines demographic, personality, and sexual risk factors as predictors of partner-specific (main vs. casual) HIV/STD risk perceptions in a sample of 1,489 young adults. As expected, perceptions of HIV/STD risk were higher in the context of "casual" as compared with "main" partnerships. Although univariate analyses demonstrated that gender, race/ethnicity, sensation seeking, impulsivity, number of partners, and condom use all influenced HIV/STD risk perceptions, only gender, condom use, and race/ethnicity remained significant in multivariate analyses. Implications of these results for the design of efficacious HIV prevention interventions are discussed.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENTUCKY | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | THEORETICAL MODELS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | YOUTH | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | PERSONALITY | HIV PREVENTION | PERCEPTION | RISK ASSESSMENT | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | SEX BEHAVIOR | MOTIVATION | RISK BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Population | Psychological Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Evaluation | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections
Document Number: 331082

Peer Reviewed

Title: A 10-year systematic review of HIV/AIDS mass communication campaigns: have we made progress?
Author: Noar SM; Palmgreen P; Chabot M; Dobransky N; Zimmerman RS
Source: Journal of Health Communication. 2009 Jan;14(1):15-42.
Abstract: The purpose of the current study was to conduct a 10-year systematic review of HIV/AIDS mass communication campaigns focused on sexual behavior, HIV testing, or both (1998-2007) and to compare the results with the last comprehensive review of such campaigns, conducted by Myhre and Flora (2000). A comprehensive search strategy yielded 38 HIV/AIDS campaign evaluation articles published in peer-reviewed journals, representing 34 distinct campaign efforts conducted in 23 countries. The articles were coded on a variety of campaign design and evaluation dimensions by two independent coders. Results indicated that compared with the previous systematic review (1986-1998 period), campaigns increasingly have employed the following strategies: (1) targeted defined audiences developed through audience segmentation procedures; (2) designed campaign themes around behavior change (rather than knowledge change); (3) used behavioral theories; (4) achieved high message exposure; (5) used stronger research designs for outcome evaluation; and (6) included measures of behavior (or behavioral intentions) in outcome assessments. In addition, an examination of 10 campaign efforts that used more rigorous quasi-experimental designs revealed that the majority (8 of 10) demonstrated effects on behavior change or behavioral intentions. Despite these positive developments, most HIV/AIDS campaigns continue to use weak (i.e., preexperimental) outcome evaluation designs. Implications of these results for improved design, implementation, and evaluation of HIV/AIDS campaign efforts are discussed.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | RESEARCH REPORT | CAMPAIGNS | HIV TESTING | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | SEX BEHAVIOR | EVALUATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Communication Programs | Communication | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior
Document Number: 330160

Peer Reviewed

Title: Behavioral interventions to reduce HIV-related sexual risk behavior: Review and synthesis of meta-analytic evidence.
Author: Noar SM
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2008 May;12(3):335-353.
Abstract: Over the past 25 years, scores of behavioral interventions to reduce HIV-related sexual risk behavior have been developed and evaluated. The purpose of the current study was to synthesize what is known about such interventions by systematically reviewing and synthesizing extant meta-analyses of the literature. Comprehensive search procedures resulted in a set of 18 meta-analyses that targeted HIV-related sexual risk behavior in a defined target population. The median meta-analysis in the review contained k = 19 primary studies with a cumulative N = 9,423 participants. All meta-analyses (11/11) that examined condom use found a statistically significant increase (median effect: OR = 1.34); 9/11 for reducing unprotected sex (median effect: OR = .76); 3/8 for reducing numbers of sexual partners (median effect: OR = .87); 4/6 for reduction of STDs (median effect: OR = .74); and 5/5 for reducing composite sexual risk (median effect: OR = .78). Summaries of moderator analyses suggested particular participant, intervention, and methodological characteristics that may influence the success of interventions. Implications include achieving a broader understanding of intervention moderators as well as increasing effectiveness trials and translation/dissemination of efficacious interventions to those populations most at risk. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
KENTUCKY | LITERATURE REVIEW | KAP SURVEYS | TARGET POPULATION | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | HIV TRANSMISSION | SAFER SEX | CONDOM USE | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Program Design | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior
Document Number: 325895

4.
Title: Integral care for pregnant adolescents: impact on offspring.
Author: Oliva GS; de Mendonca RG; Sant'Anna MJ; Passarelli ML; Coates V; Omar HA
Source: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. 2008 Oct-Dec;20(4):537-46.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the impact of integral support on the health of children of adolescent mothers and their children. METHODS: A prospective study involving 50 adolescent mothers, who had frequent meetings with a multi-professional group throughout pregnancy. After birth, medical followup was provided to mother and child. RESULTS: Mean schooling proved higher than the national average. After follow-up, the rate of return to education was 24%. These adolescents had good social network support from both family and father of the child. They considered themselves good mothers and felt happier after maternity experience. Adolescents demonstrated a responsible sex life involving family planning and correct use of contraception, yielding extremely low levels of repeat pregnancy. Of the mothers, 48% were employed, working, earning a mean monthly salary of 150% minimum wage. The children of mothers followed by were breastfed longer and had greater vaccination cover than the average for Sao Paulo State. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that our program promotes education of adolescents and their children; demonstrates the importance of a social support network through the family of the young mother and father of the child; fosters positive maternal social model addressing self-esteem and responsibility; informs mothers on contraception and encourages a responsible sex life, baby care, vaccination, and maternal breastfeeding.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | PREGNANCY | MOTHERS | INFANT | BONDING | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | IMPACT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Interpersonal Relations | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Communication
Document Number: 331131

Title: Intimate partner violence and women's contraceptive use.
Author: Williams CM; Larsen U; McCloskey LA
Source: Violence Against Women. 2008 Dec;14(12):1382-96.
Abstract: Intimate partner violence has been hypothesized as a factor associated with women's risk for problems in contraception use or access. This article explores differences in contraceptive use between abused and nonabused women, using a case-control study of 225 women. Women experiencing physical and emotional abuse were more likely to report not using their preferred method of contraception in the past 12 months compared with nonabused women (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.0 to 3.7). Health care providers need to consider how intimate partner violence may influence their patients' use of contraceptives, which has implications for the high risk of unintended pregnancies among abused women.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MARYLAND | KENTUCKY | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | SEXUAL PARTNERS | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | WOMEN'S HEALTH | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Health
Document Number: 329601

Title: Caught between different worlds: How transgendered women may be "forced" into risky sex.
Author: Crosby RA; Pitts NL
Source: Journal of Sex Research. 2007 Feb;44(1):43-48.
Abstract: We qualitatively explored reasons why transgendered women may engage in sexual risk that could lead to HIV infection. Specifically, we conducted this investigation with transgendered women identifying as Black/African American. Interviews from 17 participants were audiotaped and analyzed. Four themes emerged. Women commonly reported they had a strong need/desire to be loved by men. Many stated they had and would engage in unprotected sex to obtain and preserve such a relationship. Nearly all were currently using female hormones. Nine obtained their hormones through nonmedical means, including the Internet, transgendered friends, and street vendors. For these women, hormone injections often involved sharing needles/syringes. Selling sex was a common practice, and many women did so without the benefit of condom use. Finally, women experienced multiple forms of societal discrimination. By being caught between worlds (straight, gay, male, and female), transgendered women may be placed into situations in which avoiding HIV risk is extremely difficult. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
KENTUCKY | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN | HOMOSEXUALS | BLACKS | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV TRANSMISSION | LOVE | GENDER RELATIONS | INTERNET | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | NEEDLE SHARING | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Emotions | Psychological Factors | Gender Issues | Sociocultural Factors | Information Networks | Communication | Social Problems
Document Number: 321338

Peer Reviewed

Title: Factors affecting condom usage among college students in South Central Kentucky.
Author: Kanekar A; Sharma M
Source: International Quarterly of Community Health Education. 2007-2008;28(4):337-49.
Abstract: The absence of consistent and correct usage of condoms increases the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV/AIDS. However, most studies done to date across the nation indicate a low usage of condoms among college students. This study identifies protective and risk factors associated with condom use among college students. The National College Health Assessment was administered to a random sample of students at a state comprehensive university in south central Kentucky. Findings revealed that among the sexually active students, approximately half never used condoms during vaginal intercourse. Further, among students engaging in oral sex, an alarmingly high proportion (95%) reported never using a condom during this act. These findings, along with differences noted in various subgroups (gender, housing, class standing), and other risk behaviors (alcohol, illicit drug use) are discussed.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | YOUTH | UNIVERSITIES | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | CONDOM USE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Education | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior
Document Number: 341562

Title: Vasectomy: an update.
Author: Dassow P; Bennett JM
Source: American Family Physician. 2006 Dec 15;74(12):2069-2074.
Abstract: Vasectomy remains an important option for contraception. Research findings have clarified many questions regarding patient selection, optimal technique, postsurgical follow-up, and risk of long-term complications. Men who receive vasectomies tend to be non-Hispanic whites, well educated, married or cohabitating, relatively affluent, and have private health insurance. The strongest predictor for wanting a vasectomy reversal is age younger than 30 years at the time of the procedure. Evidence supports the use of the no-scalpel technique to access the vasa, because it is associated with the fewest complications. The technique with the lowest failure rate is cauterization of the vasa with or without fascial interposition. The ligation techniques should be used cautiously, if at all, and only in combination with fascial interposition or cautery. A single postvasectomy semen sample at 12 weeks that shows rare, nonmotile sperm or azoospermia is acceptable to confirm sterility. No data show that vasectomy increases the risk of prostate or testicular cancer. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | SUMMARY REPORT | MEN | WHITES | VASECTOMY | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | CURRENTLY MARRIED | SAFETY | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Male Sterilization | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Public Health | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 314500

9.
Title: Special needs call for specialized services: A response to no need to specialize: reproductive health is for all adolescents.
Author: McClanahan KK
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2006 Apr;19(2):109-112.
Abstract: The Surgeon General's first Call to Action regarding persons with disabilities coincides with the 15th anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and reminds us that 54 million Americans have some diagnosed disability and 18.5% of them are 24 years of age or younger. In line with most current thinking regarding disability, the Surgeon General emphasizes the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to disability ''in which disability arises from a combination of factors at the physical, emotional and environmental levels.''1 This definition differs from the historical perspective of disability as an illness and allows for the person with a disability to be viewed as a ''whole person'' rather than as a diagnosis or set of symptoms. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | CRITIQUE | INFLUENTIALS | DISABLED PERSONS AND DISABILITIES | GYNECOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 299759

10.
Title: Reproductive care for adolescents with disability: Where should they get it?
Author: Omar H
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2006 Apr;19(2):109.
Abstract: Access to reproductive health care is essential to all adolescents. It is important to help them understand their pubertal changes and to address their concerns as well as to detect and treat any abnormalities. It is also crucial for providing important prevention strategies against sexually transmitted infections, teen pregnancy, cervical and breast cancer, and sexual assault. Although some adolescents in the United States do not have access to reproductive health care or are unaware of where to get it, it is even worse for adolescents with physical and/or mental disabilities. This is because of numerous factors, including poor training of health care professionals, time restraints and poor reimbursement for services, and the myths and misinformation regarding sexuality of adolescents with disability. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | CRITIQUE | INFLUENTIALS | INFANT | ADOLESCENTS | DISABLED PERSONS AND DISABILITIES | GYNECOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 299758

11.

Title: What if: How declines in teen births have improved poverty and child well-being in Kentucky.
Author: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Source: Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2005 Apr. 3 p.
Abstract: Years of research have closely linked teen pregnancy and early childbearing to a host of other critical social issues, including overall child health and well-being, out-of-wedlock births, educational attainment and workforce readiness, responsible fatherhood, and poverty in particular -- especially child poverty. For example, young children born to a mother who is a teenager, is not married, and did not finish high school are nine times more likely to be poor than children born to mothers without these three risk factors. Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing cost taxpayers at least $7 billion annually and place a serious economic burden on schools and on health, welfare and social service systems. The U.S. teen birth rate declined by 30 percent between 1991 and 2002--a significant decrease that has made major contributions to American communities. Illustrating this very point, the U.S. Congress' Joint Economic Committee completed an analysis in April 2004 that the National Campaign in turn summarized. The congressional study posed an intriguing question: if the nation's teen birth rate had remained at its 1991 level through 2002 (rather than decreasing as it did), how many more children would have been born to teen mothers and to single mothers, and what would have been the effect on poverty and on the living arrangements of children? Findings included the following: if teen birth rates had not declined nationally by 30 percent during that time, there would have been an additional 1.2 million more children born to teen mothers, approximately 460,000 additional children in poverty and almost 700,000 more children living with a single mother. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ONE PARENT FAMILY | BIRTH RATE | POVERTY | CHILD HEALTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | CAMPAIGNS | FERTILITY DECLINE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Measurements | Economic Factors | Health | Communication Programs | Communication | Fertility Changes
Document Number: 307035

12.
Title: In favor of continued use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA, Depo-Provera) in adolescents.
Author: Cromer B
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2005;18:183-188.
Abstract: Over the past several years, evidence has been building that indicates a negative impact of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on bone mineral density in women. The strength and consistency of this evidence culminated in the FDA�s recent action to add a �black box� warning regarding this potential side effect to the package insert of the drug. Included in the warning is mention of particular concern for use of DMPA in adolescents with the potential prospect of reduction of peak bone mass, a significant predictor of osteoporosis later in life. Thus, the directly relevant issue for the clinician is, based on this information, how to tailor a prescription of DMPA in the adolescent population. I have devoted the last 20 years to contraceptive care in adolescents and conducted research on DMPA and bone for the last decade. Based both on my clinical and research experience as well as knowledge of the scientific literature on the important and complex issues related to DMPA and bone health in very young women, I advise �staying the course� and continuing prescription of DMPA. I set forth below the rationale for this position. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS | DEPO-PROVERA | USFDA | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | GYNECOLOGY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | USPHS | Government Agencies | Organizations | Contraceptive Effectiveness | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 289705

13.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Prevalence and correlates of HIV testing among college students: an exploratory study.
Author: Crosby RA; Miller KH; Staten RR; Nolana M
Source: Sexual Health. 2005;2:19-22.
Abstract: Objectives: Whether college students who are most at-risk of HIV infection are being tested is unknown. This exploratory study identified the prevalence and correlates of ever having an HIV test among college students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a probability sample of 903 college students. Measures of sexual risk behaviour were assessed. Results: Of the students surveyed, 22.5% reported they had been tested for HIV. Testing was more likely among those 20 years of age or older (27.8% v. 14.7%; P=0.0001), females (25.4% v. 17.8% P=0.01), and members of racial/ethnic minorities (42.7% v. 20.3%; P=0.0001). After adjusting for these covariates, those who reported ever having vaginal sex (AOR=5.5; 95% CI=3.1-9.6); anal sex (AOR=2.4; 95% CI=1.6-3.6), and oral sex (AOR=6.3; 95% CI=3.0-13.3) were significantly more likely to report being tested. Students having vaginal sex in the past 12 months were significantly more likely to report testing (AOR=5.3; 95% I=3.1-9.1). Those reporting vaginal sexual debut (AOR=1.9; 95% CI=1.2-3.1) or oral sexual debut (AOR=1.7; 95% CI=1.2-2.5) =age 15 were significantly more likely to be tested. Students reporting four or more sex partners were significantly more likely to be tested than sexually experienced students reporting fewer partners (AOR=3.2; 95% CI=2.2-4.6). Finally, those reporting at least one episode of forced vaginal sex (AOR=3.9; 95% CI=2.1-7.2) and reporting at least one episode of any forced sex (vaginal, anal, oral) (AOR=3.0; 95% CI=1.8-5.0) were significantly more likely to report being tested. Conclusion: Within this population, demographically controlled findings suggest that those most at-risk of HIV infection are indeed being tested for the virus. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | RESEARCH REPORT | CORRELATION STUDIES | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | HIV TESTING | PREVALENCE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | ANAL SEX | ORAL SEX | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Statistical Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Measurement | Behavior
Document Number: 280864

14.
Title: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), Depo-Provera) in adolescents: what is next after FDA black box warning.
Author: Kives S
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2005;18:183-188.
Abstract: Following the recent Food and Drug Administration black box warning on the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), many providers in the community are asking if they should discontinue its use in adolescents and if not, what they should change in their practice parameters in this regard. DMPA has contributed to decreasing both primary and repeat teen pregnancy, and it is the only comfortable method for some teens. In our young parents program at the University of Kentucky, I have seen only three of our teen mothers manage to complete a college education, out of over 1100 teen mothers enrolled in the program over the last 6 years. At the same time, I have to deal with problems such as domestic violence, poverty and lack of health insurance, depression and suicide, drug use, and school dropout on a daily basis among our teen mothers. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS | DEPO-PROVERA | USFDA | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | USPHS | Government Agencies | Organizations
Document Number: 289704

15.
Title: No bones about it - depot medroxyprogesterone acetate remains an excellent contraceptive option for adolescents.
Author: Rager KM
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2005 Jun;18(3):187-188.
Abstract: On November 17, 2004, the Food and Drug Administration announced that a �black box� warning would be added to the labeling of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) due to concerns about long-term effects on bone density. According to this warning, �a woman should only use Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection as a long-term birth control method (for example, longer than 2 years) if other birth control methods are inadequate for her.� Unfortunately, some health care providers have interpreted this warning as meaning that DMPA use should be discontinued in all adolescent girls, i.e., that other birth control methods or no birth control method at all is �adequate.� Nevertheless, for many teens, DMPA is the only adequate contraceptive option. Limiting these teens� access to DMPA may result in adverse consequences for the adolescent patient and for the resulting unplanned offspring, as well as for our society as a whole. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS | DEPO-PROVERA | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Effectiveness
Document Number: 289706

16.

17.
Title: Association between vegetarian diet and menstrual problems in young women: a case presentation and brief review.
Author: Griffith J; Omar H
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2003 Oct;16(5):319-323.
Abstract: In the last twenty years, several studies have suggested the existence of an association between vegan diets and adolescent menstrual disorders. We share our experience with this problem and a review of the literature on the subject. We conclude that despite the existence of some evidence to the possible association between vegetarian diet and menstrual disorders, it is still not clear if this association is due solely to the vegetarian diet or due to the overall inadequate nutrition with decreased proportions of fat and protein in the diet. We believe that more prospective, well controlled studies are needed to truly explain this association. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
KENTUCKY | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | CLINICAL RESEARCH | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | DIET | MENSTRUATION DISORDERS | AMENORRHEA | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Nutrition | Health | Diseases
Document Number: 300046

18.
Title: Groups and teams in health care: communication and effectiveness.
Author: Poole MS; Real K
Source: In: Handbook of health communication, edited by Teresa L. Thompson, Alicia M. Dorsey, Katherine I. Miller, Roxanne Parrott. Mahwah, New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003. :369-402.
Abstract: This chapter describes what we know and what we need to know about communication and group effectiveness in health care settings. After advancing some definitions, we present a short selective history of health care teams in the United States. Then we consider the nature and variety of groups in health care and discuss the nature of previous research studies on health care groups. The fourth section details four key processes related to the effectiveness of groups and teams in health care and current research on factors that influence these processes. The review focuses on a broad range of health care groups, going beyond the interdisciplinary teams that have received a great deal of attention in recent years. Often lost in the hoopla surrounding the "team" concept are unnoticed groups such as work groups on hospital floors and routinized teams such as day surgery units. This review considers groups and teams broadly under the assumption that it is often the comparisons and contrasts that highlight important variables and processes. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TEXAS | KENTUCKY | MANUAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | HEALTH PERSONNEL | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | ORGANIZATIONS | GROUP PROCESSES | COMMUNICATION | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Health | Social Behavior | Behavior
Document Number: 178091

19.
Title: Associations among sexual attraction status, school belonging, and alcohol and marijuana use in rural high school students.
Author: Rostosky SS; Owens GP; Zimmerman RS; Riggle ED
Source: Journal of Adolescence. 2003 Dec;26(6):741-751.
Abstract: Analysis of data collected from 1725 9th graders from 25 rural high schools revealed that students reporting same-sex attraction or uncertainty about their attraction status also reported significantly lower GPAs, lower school belonging, and higher marijuana and alcohol use. Regression analyses confirmed that beyond the effects of GPA and biological sex, sexual minority attraction status was negatively associated with school belonging. Further, while higher school belonging significantly decreased the odds of alcohol and marijuana use, sexual attraction status did not significantly contribute to the model. Post-hoc analyses indicated that sexual minority students systematically reported that they perceived less privacy in completing the survey, lending support to the notion that these adolescents may feel less trusting of their school environments. These findings are discussed in light of the need for interventions to address the developmental challenges of sexual minority students. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | STUDENTS | MINORITY GROUPS | RURAL POPULATION | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | SEX BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Behavior
Document Number: 189828

20.
Title: Teaching Health Issues Now in Kentucky (THINK).
Source: Educator's Update. 2002 Feb;6(4):6.
Abstract: Planned Parenthood of Louisville is offering an exciting peer education program entitled "Teaching Health Issues Now in Kentucky". This article describes the work of the program, noting that the aim is to encourage healthy behavior using skits, discussions, videos, music, and games.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENTUCKY | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | PEER EDUCATORS | HEALTH EDUCATION | EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES | PROGRAMS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Education | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 169845

21.

22.
Title: Effects of peer education on the peer educators in a school-based HIV prevention program: Where should peer education research go from here?
Author: Ebreo A; Feist-Price S; Siewe Y; Zimmerman RS
Source: Health Education and Behavior. 2002 Aug;29(4):411-423.
Abstract: Although many HIV/AIDS prevention programs for adolescents have used peer educators to deliver risk reduction information, few researchers have evaluated the effects of participation in educational activities on the peer educators themselves. The present study compares several outcomes experienced by peer educators involved in a school-based HIV prevention program with those of their classmates to determine areas in which involvement in the curriculum had an effect on peer educators. Analyses revealed few differences between peer educators that could be attributed to the implementation of the intervention. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for prevention programs targeting adolescent populations, and suggestions are made concerning the importance of future research on the selection, training, and integration of peer educators into school-based programs. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OHIO | KENTUCKY | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS | PEER EDUCATORS | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | INTERVENTIONS | SEX EDUCATION | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Schools | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 280344

23.
Title: Growing pains.
Author: Schroeder B; Cottrell RE; Hertweck SP; Dunn S
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2002 Jun;15(3):163-167.
Abstract: Pelvic pain, which is defined as pain occurring in the lower abdomen that can originate in the female reproductive system or the lower urinary or intestinal tracts, is relatively common in adolescents. Complaints of abdominal pain account for approximately 3%-5% of all visits by adolescents to their primary care physician. By far the most important initial evaluation of an adolescent who presents with pelvic pain is a thorough history, including nature, timing, intensity, and location of the pain. Is the pain radiating? Is the pain related to food or menstrual cycle? It is also important to consider psychosocial etiologies of the pain and inquire about abuse, neglect, divorce, school performance, and other stressors. Always consider the possibility of pregnancy and obtain a thorough menstrual and sexual history. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
KENTUCKY | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS | NULLIPARITY | ABDOMINAL CRAMPS | MUSCULAR EFFECTS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parity | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 299957

24.
Title: Delivering health education messages for part-time farmers through local employers.
Author: Brandt V; Struttmann T; Cole H; Piercy L
Source: Journal of Agromedicine. 2001;7(3):23-30.
Abstract: Fifty-nine percent of principal farm operators in Kentucky work at jobs off the farm. These job settings can be a conduit for dissemination of health education and injury prevention messages. The Community Partners for Healthy Farming Project initialed a tractor Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS) promotion campaign and through employers disseminated materials on the risks of tractor over turns and benefits of ROPS. Eight businesses participated in this effort. A case report describes one employer's activities in detail. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | PROGRESS REPORT | CASE STUDIES | AGRICULTURAL WORKERS | OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | SAFETY | ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES | HEALTH EDUCATION MATERIALS | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Health | Public Health | Health Education | Education | Communication | Diseases
Document Number: 180179

25.
Title: Screening of adolescent females for depression before, during, and after pregnancy.
Author: McElderry D
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2001 Aug;14(3):131-133.
Abstract: Pregnancy and childbirth are known to have major physiologic and psychological effects on women. The rate of major depression in pregnant women is generally quoted in medical literature as approximately 10%, much the same as depression in nonpregnant women. Of major public health concern is the morbidity associated with postpartum depression, as well as perinatal outcomes associated with depressed mood during pregnancy. We also know that depressed adolescent females are at greater risk to become pregnant than are their nondepressed peers. Therefore, it seems that screening for depression may identify adolescent females at risk for becoming pregnant, adolescent mothers with depressed mood, and depressed pregnant teenagers. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
KENTUCKY | RECOMMENDATIONS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | DEPRESSION | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | POSTPARTUM | ANXIETY DISORDERS | STRESS | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | SCREENING | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Mental Disorders | Diseases | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Puerperium | Reproduction | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 299939

27.

Title: Estrogen protects against the synergistic toxicity by HIV proteins, methamphetamine and cocaine.
Author: Turchan J; Anderson C; Hauser KF; Sun Q; Zhang J
Source: BMC Neuroscience. 2001;2(3):[11] p..
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to increase at alarming rates in drug abusers, especially in women. Drugs of abuse can cause long-lasting damage to the brain and HIV infection frequently leads to a dementing illness. To determine how these drugs interact with HIV to cause CNS damage, we used an in vitro human neuronal culture characterized for the presence of dopaminergic receptors, transporters and estrogen receptors. We determined the combined effects of dopaminergic drugs, methamphetamine, or cocaine with neurotoxic HIV proteins, gp120 and Tat. Acute exposure to these substances resulted in synergistic neurotoxic responses as measured by changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and neuronal cell death. Neurotoxicity occurred in a sub-population of neurons. Importantly, the presence of 17beta-estradiol prevented these synergistic neurotoxicities and the neuroprotective effects were partly mediated by estrogen receptors. Our observations suggest that methamphetamine and cocaine may affect the course of HIV dementia, and additionally suggest that estrogens modify the HIV-drug interactions. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | MARYLAND | RESEARCH REPORT | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | WOMEN | IV DRUG USERS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | HIV INFECTIONS | ESTROGENS | MENTAL DISORDERS | NEUROLOGIC EFFECTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 192597

28.
Title: Management of labial adhesions in prepubertal girls.
Author: Omar HA
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2000 Nov;13(4):183-185.
Abstract: Every year, at least one of my pediatric residents or medical students asks me why the recommended treatment for labial adhesion in prepubertal girls changes from mechanical separation to medical treatment in different books, or even in different chapters of the same book. I have seen my share of referrals with referring diagnosis, varying from sexual abuse to vaginal agenesis, that were in fact simple labial adhesion. The high incidence of this condition is a good enough reason for all primary care providers to be familiar with and comfortable in diagnosing and managing it in their patients. Despite the frequency of labial adhesion in prepubertal girls, few serious studies had addressed the issue of optimal treatment and opinions continue to differ especially between urologists and pediatric gynecologists. In my personal experience since 1985, I have not had to resort to mechanical separation in any of my patients. Hoping to decrease the confusion on this issue, we present here the views of two outstanding experts in pediatric and adolescent gynecology on management of this condition. The two opinions, while not entirely different, are not exactly the same either, but provide good arguments that I hope will help primary care providers in their decision-making regarding labial adhesion. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS | GENITAL EFFECTS, FEMALE | ADHESIONS | TREATMENT | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 299797

30.
Title: Vaginal agenesis: an opinion on the surgical management.
Author: Templeman C; Hertweck SP
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2000 Aug;13(3):143-144.
Abstract: The management of vaginal agenesis--Mayer-Rokitanksy-Kuster-Hauser syndrome--has always been a controversial topic. Initially, the arguments centered on whether to do surgery or try passive dilation as well as at what age to intervene. As surgical techniques have recently become refined, the question is, if surgery is selected, what type of tissue should one use (bowel vs. skin graft) and, if skin graft, from what area to select. Now we are faced with new surgical techniques from the realm of pelviscopy and ask the question: Is one of these better than the other, and is this approach superior to previously established surgical techniques? Drs. Claire Templeman and S. Paige Hertweck from the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology here present a concise discussion of these diverse issues. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | SUMMARY REPORT | MANAGEMENT | WOMEN | VAGINAL ABNORMALITIES | GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Urogenital Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 299795


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