Inmagic CS/WebPublisher PRO found 2167 records

Your search found 2167 record(s).
New Basic Search | New Advanced Search | POPLINE Document Delivery Policy

Subscription may be needed for full text

Peer Reviewed

Title: Insertion of intrauterine contraceptives immediately following first- and second-trimester abortions.
Author: Drey EA; Reeves MF; Ogawa DD; Sokoloff A; Darney PD; Steinauer JE
Source: Contraception. 2009 May;79(5):397-402.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The study was conducted to assess the continuation and patient satisfaction with intrauterine contraception (IUC) insertion immediately after elective abortion in the first and second trimesters in an urban, public hospital-based clinic. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort of 256 women who elected to have insertion of a copper-T IUC (CuT380a) or a levonorgestrel-releasing IUC (LNG-IUC) were followed postoperatively by phone calls or chart review to evaluate satisfaction and continuation with the method. RESULTS: Of our 256 subjects, 123 had first-trimester abortions and 133 had second-trimester abortions (14 or more weeks). Median time to follow-up was 8 weeks (range 7-544 days). Nineteen discontinuations occurred: eight (6.5%, 95% CI 2.8-12.4%) following first-trimester and 11 (8.3%, 95% CI 4.2-14.3%) following second-trimester abortion (p=.6). Five women reported expulsion; one (0.8%, 95% CI 0.0-4.4%) in the first-trimester group and four (3.0%, 95% CI 0.8-7.5%) in the second-trimester group. (p=.4) Seven infections resulting in discontinuation occurred (2.7%, 95% CI 1.1-5.6%); none were positive for gonorrhea or chlamydia at time of insertion. No perforations occurred. Nearly all (93.8%) of the women were satisfied with IUC. Rates of satisfaction between women after first- and second-trimester abortions were equal. CONCLUSION: In an urban clinic, IUC has high initial continuation and high patient satisfaction when inserted immediately following either first- or second-trimester abortions.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN | URBAN POPULATION | POSTABORTAL PROGRAMS | UTERUS | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | SATISFACTION | IUD, HORMONE RELEASING | LEVONORGESTREL | PREGNANCY, FIRST TRIMESTER | IUD EXPULSION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Family Planning Programs | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Contraceptive Usage | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents
Document Number: 330942

Peer Reviewed

Title: Combined oral contraceptive and intrauterine device use among women with gestational trophoblastic disease.
Author: Gaffield ME; Kapp N; Curtis KM
Source: Contraception. 2009 Oct;80(4):363-71.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Women diagnosed with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) need safe and effective contraception because they are advised to delay a subsequent pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: We searched MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library for articles in any language on use of combined oral contraceptives (COC), copper-bearing or levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs among women with benign or malignant GTD, from database inception through November 2008. One review and nine articles were identified and evaluated. RESULTS: Incidence of postmolar trophoblastic disease was lower among COC users compared with nonusers in six studies, but higher among COC users in three studies. Five studies reported shorter human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) regression duration among COC users compared with other methods. Development of postmolar trophoblastic disease did not differ significantly among IUD users compared with COC users or nonusers in three studies. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence shows that postmolar trophoblastic disease risk does not increase among women using COCs or an IUD following molar pregnancy evacuation compared with use of other contraceptive methods or no method.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | CLINICAL RESEARCH | NEOPLASMS | FETAL MEMBRANES | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | CANCER | GONADOTROPINS, CHORIONIC | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | IUD, HORMONE RELEASING | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | Research Methodology | Diseases | Fetus | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Gonadotropins | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | IUD | Safety | Public Health | Health
Document Number: 342770

Title: Contraception and HIV infection in women.
Author: Heikinheimo O; Lahteenmaki P
Source: Human Reproduction Update. 2009 Mar-Apr;15(2):165-76.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 15 million women, many of reproductive age, were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at the end of 2007. As the HIV epidemic evolves, heterosexual intercourse is increasingly risky: the risk of infection in exposed young women is 4- to 7-fold higher than in young men and nearly half a million newborns annually have HIV. This review aims to show the effect of contraceptive choices on risk of HIV and on the course of disease in women with HIV. METHODS: Relevant citations were selected by agreement between the authors after a search of MEDLINE using the terms HIV/AIDS and contraception. RESULTS: Risk of transmission of HIV varies from 1 in 200 to 1 in 10 000 coital incidents, depending in part on the integrity of the vaginal epithelium. Consistent use of male condoms has been proven to reduce horizontal transmission of HIV by 80% among HIV-serodiscordant couples. Hormonal contraception may increase the risk of HIV acquisition in high-risk women such as commercial sex workers, but not in women at low risk of HIV. While hormonal contraception did not affect progression of disease in two cohort studies involving 370 women, in a randomized trial among women not receiving antiretroviral medication, clinical disease accelerated in the oral contraception group (13.2/100 woman-years) compared with the copper intrauterine devices group (8.6/100 woman-years; hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.1). Hormonal contraception does not interfere with antiviral drug effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: All the available reversible contraceptive methods can generally be used by women at risk of HIV infection and by HIV-infected women. Further studies are needed to investigate the safety and efficiency of hormonal contraception in women living with HIV/AIDS.
Language: English
Keywords:
FINLAND | LITERATURE REVIEW | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PREVALENCE | HIV INFECTIONS | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, FEMALE | HORMONES | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | ANTIVIRAL DRUGS | DRUG INTERACTIONS | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 330966

Peer Reviewed

Title: Side effects from the copper IUD: do they decrease over time?
Author: Hubacher D; Chen PL; Park S
Source: Contraception. 2009 May;79(5):356-62.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The copper intrauterine device (IUD) can cause side effects in some women; increased uterine bleeding and pain may cause early removal. Because of simplified reporting from previous research, little is known about how side effects might change over time. STUDY DESIGN: This is a secondary analysis of a prospective study of 1947 first-time copper IUD users. Over a 1-year period, we collected detailed information on side effects and looked for trends using generalized mixed-effects regression modeling. RESULTS: During menses, most bleeding and pain side effects were found to decrease over time (p<.05). During intermenstrual intervals, overall spotting and pain complaints remained unchanged, but the number of days with these problems increased (p<.05). Serious side effects that prompted either a clinic visit or IUD removal had varied patterns over time, depending on the type of problem. CONCLUSION: Side effects from the copper IUD can be troubling for both user and clinician. Some problemsimprove over time, while others do not. This information may be helpful in counseling women who are considering IUD use and current users who are contemplating IUD removal due to side effects.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CLIENTS | WOMEN | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | IUD SIDE EFFECTS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Diseases
Document Number: 342086

Peer Reviewed

Title: Study on a novel copper-containing composite for contraception.
Author: Li J; Suo J; Huang X; Jia L
Source: Contraception. 2009 Jun;79(6):439-44.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The copper-containing intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs) are being increasingly used worldwide as an effective contraception for family planning. To avoid abnormal bleeding, pain, partial and complete expulsion, which are associated with the burst release of cupric ions during the first few days, a novel cross-linked composite based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) that contained cupric ions, but not metallic copper, was developed by our research team. STUDY DESIGN: As a logical extension of our previous work, the corrosion products and release behavior of this composite after immersing in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1 year were studied by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). RESULTS: No other new elements, such as P, Cl and Ca, appeared on the surface of the composite, and no Cu(2)O was formed after immersing in SBF for 1 year, indicating that the effectiveness of copper can be greatly improved. Furthermore, no significant change on time dependence was found for the release rates of cupric ions in the composite compared with that of metallic copper, suggesting the absent burst release of cupric ions in the composite. CONCLUSION: The present in vitro long-term data suggest that this novel copper-containing composite has potential as a substitute for conventional materials used in the manufacture of IUDs.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | ANALYSIS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | IUD COMPLICATIONS | TIME FACTORS | CONTRACEPTIVE MODE OF ACTION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 341102

Peer Reviewed

Title: The frameless copper IUD (GyneFix) and the TCu380A IUD: results of an 8-year multicenter randomized comparative trial.
Author: Meirik O; Rowe PJ; Peregoudov A; Piaggio G; Petzold M
Author: IUD Research Group at the UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of
Source: Contraception. 2009 Aug;80(2):133-41.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical performance of the frameless copper IUD (GyneFix), designed to reduce side effects related to the frame of conventional IUDs, and TCu380A was compared. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized Multicenter randomized comparative trial. Parous women requesting and eligible to use IUD were admitted in 21 centers in eight countries in 1989-1993 and followed-up for up to 8 years. RESULTS: Two thousand twenty-seven women were randomized to the frameless IUD and 2036 to TCu380A; 43 insertions of the frameless IUD failed and none for TCu380A. First-year expulsion rate of the frameless IUD was 5.3 (95% CI: 4.4-6.4) per 100 and 2.5 (95% CI: 1.9-3.3) for the TCu380A; second- through eighth-year expulsion rates were not different. First-year pregnancy rates for the frameless IUD and TCu380A were 1.3 (95% CI: 0.9-2.0) and 0.5 (95% CI: 0.3-0.9), respectively; second- through eighth-year cumulative pregnancy rates were 1.2 (95% CI: 0.7-1.9) and 2.5 (95% CI: 1.8-3.4), respectively. The 8-year cumulative rates of ectopic pregnancy and IUD removal for pain were lower for the frameless IUD than for TCu380A. Removals for other reasons were not different. CONCLUSIONS: The frameless IUD had more insertion failures, expulsions and pregnancies in the first year than TCu380A, but fewer pregnancies from the second through the eighth year, and by 8 years had fewer ectopic pregnancies and removals for pain.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | INSERTION | IUD EXPULSION | IUD SIDE EFFECTS | PAIN | PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Pregnancy Complications | Contraceptive Usage
Document Number: 342393

10.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Do users of the intrauterine system (Mirena) have different genital symptoms and vaginal flora than users of the intrauterine contraceptive device?
Author: Neale R; Knight I; Keane F
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Jun;20(6):423-4.
Abstract: The copper intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is strongly associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Hormonal influences may play a role in the control of vaginal flora. It is unclear whether use of the progesterone-incorporated intrauterine system (IUS; Mirena) is associated with abnormal vaginal flora or genital symptoms. One hundred and seventy-two women were assessed for symptoms and abnormal vaginal flora prior to and at intervals after insertion of either a copper IUCD or an IUS. Women were significantly more likely to have developed an abnormal vaginal discharge 4-6 weeks after insertion of an IUCD compared with an IUS (27% cf. 14%, P = 0.04), although this trend was not significant six months postinsertion. More women with an IUCD developed BV compared with an IUS at 4-6 weeks and six months. However, there were insufficient numbers of women with BV to demonstrate any significant difference between the vaginal flora of the two groups.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | VAGINOSIS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Demographic Factors | Population | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Vaginal Abnormalities | Diseases
Document Number: 341197

11.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Intraoperative placement of the Copper T-380 intrauterine devices in women undergoing elective cesarean delivery: a pilot study.
Author: Nelson AL; Chen S; Eden R
Source: Contraception. 2009 Jul;80(1):81-3.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this pilot project was to test the feasibility of a technique designed to place a copper intrauterine device (IUD) through the hysterotomy incision of an elective cesarean delivery to minimize possible contamination and to guarantee that tailstrings were visible in the vagina for easy removal should complications occur. STUDY DESIGN: Women were monitored in the hospital for signs of infection or excessive blood loss. At the time of hospital discharge and at 2 and 6 weeks postpartum, they were examined to determine the status of the tailstrings. The position of the IUD was assessed by ultrasound at week 6. RESULTS: All seven of the subjects had successful placement. The sutures tied to the IUD strings were visible on vaginal examination in each case. The original tailstrings were visible in the vagina at 6 weeks and each IUD was fundally positioned. CONCLUSION: Successful intraoperative placement of Copper T-380A IUDs through incision at the time of cesarean birth is possible.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | INSERTION | HYSTEROTOMY | CESAREAN SECTION | ULTRASONICS | CONTRACEPTIVE REMOVAL | IUD EXPULSION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Puerperium | Reproduction | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Gynecologic Surgery | Urogenital Surgery | Surgery | Obstetrical Surgery
Document Number: 342788

12.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Effects of Mirena (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system) and Ortho Gynae T380 intrauterine copper device on lipid metabolism--a randomized comparative study.
Author: Ng YW; Liang S; Singh K
Source: Contraception. 2009 Jan;79(1):24-8.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess the effects of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on lipid metabolism in an Asian population using Ortho Gynae T380 copper containing (nonhormonal) intrauterine device (IUD) as a control. STUDY DESIGN: Ninety-two healthy women requesting IUD for contraception were randomly allocated to the two groups and were followed up at 6-, 12- and 18-month intervals. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) and apolipoprotein B were measured pre insertion and at each visit following insertion. RESULTS: There was a marginally significant reduction in TC level in the LNG-IUS group. HDL-C showed a significant reduction in the LNG-IUS group at 6 months but reverted back to its preinsertion value by 1 year. TG, LDL-C and the cholesterol ratios remained stable. Levels of Apo A-I and B also showed no significant reduction in both groups, and their ratios remained stable and insignificant. CONCLUSION: In this randomized comparative study among our local Asian population, it is assuring to note that the LNG-IUS does not have any adverse effects on lipid metabolism.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | ASIANS | LIPIDS | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, PROGESTIN | IUD | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | LEVONORGESTREL | METABOLIC EFFECTS | Developing Countries | Contraceptive Effectiveness | Contraception | Family Planning | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Physiology | Biology | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraceptive Methods
Document Number: 330539

13.

Title: The Shanghai ring: two case reports and review of literature.
Author: Padavala J; Ashraf M
Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2009 Jan;29(1):67-8.
Abstract: The intrauterine device (IUD) is the world's most widely used method of reversible contraception, used by nearly 160 million women, over 2/3 of them being in China. The IUD has evolved a long way from the stem pessaries described in 1902, the Grafenburg ring in 1929, the plastic IUDs in 1960s (Lippes Loop, Margulies Spiral, Saf-T-Coil), the copper devices in the 1970s to the latest era of hormone impregnated IUDs like Mirena. With increasing immigration into the UK from all over the world, we need to familiarize ourselves with various unusual IUDs used in other countries. This report includes two such cases from China.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | CLIENTS | WOMEN | IUD | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | IUD SIDE EFFECTS | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Effectiveness
Document Number: 341986

14.

Title: Serious morbidity with long-term IUD retention [letter]
Author: Pillai M; Van de Venne M; Shefras J
Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr;35(2):131-2; author reply 132.
Abstract: This letter to the editor examines serious health problems resulting from long-term IUD retention in women experiencing menopause and in the years following. It recommends that current guidelines be revised to include some emphasis on the importance of timely removal of an IUD once its contraceptive properties are no longer required for the IUD user.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE HISTORIES | CLIENTS | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | IUD COMPLICATIONS | TIME FACTORS | PELVIC INFECTIONS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Infections | Diseases
Document Number: 341648

15.

Title: Mirena(R) (Levonorgestrel intrauterine system): A successful novel drug delivery option in contraception.
Author: Rose S; Chaudhari A; Peterson CM
Source: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2009 May 12;
Abstract: This manuscript serves as a review of Mirena(R), the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG IUS) as a very successful drug delivery system. The LNG IUS has a very high contraceptive efficacy rate, and low rates of patient discontinuation. In addition to its contraceptive benefits, most users experience a decrease in menstrual bleeding over the five years of use. LNG IUS has also been used for management of menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, adenomyosis, and endometrial hyperplasia in some cases. The LNG IUS provides long term efficacy, high rates of compliance, rapid return to fertility, and minimal adverse effects during use.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | IUD | PROGESTERONE | MENORRHAGIA | ENDOMETRIAL EFFECTS | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | CONTRACEPTION | LEVONORGESTREL | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Contraceptive Methods | Family Planning | Progestational Hormones | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Menstruation Disorders | Diseases | Endometrium | Uterus | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraceptive Effectiveness
Document Number: 341256

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Cost effectiveness of contraceptives in the United States.
Author: Trussell J; Lalla AM; Doan QV; Reyes E; Pinto L; Gricar J
Source: Contraception. 2009 Jan;79(1):5-14.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The study was conducted to estimate the relative cost effectiveness of contraceptives in the United States from a payer's perspective. METHODS: A Markov model was constructed to simulate costs for 16 contraceptive methods and no method over a 5-year period. Failure rates, adverse event rates and resource utilization were derived from the literature. Sensitivity analyses were performed on costs and failure rates. RESULTS: Any contraceptive method is superior to "no method". The three least expensive methods were the copper-T intrauterine device (IUD) (US$647), vasectomy (US$713) and levonorgestrel (LNG)-20 intrauterine system (IUS) (US$930). Results were sensitive to the cost of contraceptive methods, the cost of an unintended pregnancy and plan disenrollment rates. CONCLUSION: The copper-T IUD, vasectomy and the LNG-20 IUS are the most cost-effective contraceptive methods available in the United States. Differences in method costs, the cost of an unintended pregnancy and time horizon are influential factors that determine the overall value of a contraceptive method.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLIENTS | COST EFFECTIVENESS | MARKOV CHAIN | CONTRACEPTION | VAGINAL BARRIER METHODS | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | FEES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Probability | Statistical Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | IUD | Financial Activities | Economic Factors
Document Number: 330541

17.

Title: Effects of the copper intrauterine device on the expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in the endometrium.
Author: Xin ZM; Cao LM; Xie QZ; Sun Y; Su YC; Guo YH
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 May;105(2):166-8.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in the endometrium before and after insertion of the copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD). METHODS: Ten patients were investigated. Two endometrial biopsies were taken from the uterus of each patient. The first biopsy was taken prior to insertion of the Cu-IUD, and the second was taken 1 month after insertion on the same day of the menstrual cycle and from the same location. The levels of COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA and protein in the endometrium were determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. RESULTS: Before insertion, expression of COX-2 mRNA and proteins was 0.399+/-0.014 and 14.75+/-1.31, respectively. Post insertion, expression of COX-2 mRNA and proteins was 0.563+/-0.041 and 18.61+/-1.93, respectively. A significant increase (P<0.05) of COX between pre and post insertion of the Cu-IUD was only seen with COX-2. There was no significant change in the level of COX-1 mRNA or proteins before and after insertion of the Cu-IUD. CONCLUSION: COX-2 is the primary isoenzyme stimulating overproduction of prostaglandins in the endometrium after the insertion of Cu-IUDs.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | ENDOMETRIUM | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Uterus | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 341375

18.

Title: IDM release behavior and surface characteristics of the novel Cu/IDM/LDPE nanocomposite for intrauterine device.
Author: Yang Z; Xie C; Xiang H; Feng J; Xia X; Cai S
Source: Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces. 2009 Mar 1;69(2):276-80.
Abstract: Copper/indomethacin/low-density polyethylene (Cu/IDM/LDPE) nanocomposite was prepared as a novel material for intra-uterine device (IUD). IDM release profile of the nanocomposite was investigated by using spectrophotometer. The results show that IDM release rate of Cu/IDM/LDPE nanocomposite is higher in simulated uterine solution than that in methanol, confirming that the release process of IDM is dominated mainly by pore diffusion. The decrease in copper particle size and the increase in copper mass content all accelerate IDM release, indicating that IDM release rate can be adjusted by changing copper loading or copper particle size. The surface of the incubated nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. A few deposits composed of P, Cl, Ca, Cu and O were observed on the nanocomposite surface, which may be related to the presence of IDM particles with large particle size.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | ANALYSIS | TIME FACTORS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 341134

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Impact of different contraceptive methods on quality of life in rural women of the Jiangsu province in China.
Author: Zhao J; Li Y; Wu Y; Zhou J; Ba L; Gu X; Wang W; Yao H; Ren N; Chen J; Xu L
Source: Contraception. 2009 Aug;80(2):180-6.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and intrauterine devices (IUDs) are the most common contraceptive methods used by women. Women's choices of contraceptive method are largely affected by the safety and efficacy of contraceptive methods as well as by change in women's quality of life. However, there are still scanty data focusing on the impact of COC or IUD on quality of life in women, especially in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol tablets (Marvelon) and Yuangong-Cu220 IUD (YCu220 IUD) on quality of life in rural women of the Jiangsu province in China. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective cohort study, 784 COC users and 910 YCu220 IUD users were included. The women filled up quality-of-life questionnaires (Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire) before and after use of contraceptive methods. RESULTS: Significant score changes in physical health, mood, work/school/labor, living situation, vision, general well-being and overall satisfaction were noted as significant improvements after COC use in women (p<.05), and the largest improvements were in physical health and living situation; all item scores except for work/school/labor, household activities and leisure time activities had improved statistically from baseline in YCu220 IUD users (p<.05). For COC users, the proportions of women with total quality-of-life scores >/=57 before and after COC use were 11.50% and 11.79%, respectively; but the proportion of YCu220 IUD users with total quality-of-life scores >/=57 increased from 4.40% to 12.04%. Compared to women without contraceptive use history, women with past OC and/or IUD use had a significantly higher difference in the total quality-of-life scores. CONCLUSIONS: COC and YCu220 IUD could significantly improve overall quality of life in rural women of the Jiangsu province.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | RURAL POPULATION | CURRENTLY MARRIED | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | QUALITY OF LIFE | SATISFACTION | QUESTIONNAIRES | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | IUD | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 342304

21.

Title: Checklist for screening clients who want to initiate use of the copper IUD.
Author: Family Health International [FHI]
Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, FHI, 2008. [3] p.
Abstract: Research findings over the past 25 years have established that intrauterine devices (IUDs) are safe and effective for use by most women, including those who have not given birth, who wish to space births, and those living with or at risk of HIV infection. For some women, IUD insertion is not recommended due to the presence of certain medical conditions, such as genital cancer and current cervical infection. Women who desire to use an IUD should therefore be screened for such medical conditions in order to determine if they are appropriate candidates for the IUD. Based on the recently revised recommendations of the Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (WHO, 2004; updated 2008), Family Health International (FHI) has developed a simple checklist to help health care providers screen clients who have made an informed decision to use an IUD. The IUD Checklist consists of 21 questions designed to identify medical conditions and high-risk behaviors that would prevent safe IUD use or requirefurther screening. It also provides further guidance and directions based on clients' responses.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | MANUAL | STANDARDS | SCREENING | CLIENTS | WOMEN | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | PREGNANCY TESTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | PELVIC EXAM | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | Research Methodology | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Laboratory Procedures | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Behavior | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases
Document Number: 331509

22.

23.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Can intrauterine contraceptive devices be a Candida albicans reservoir?
Author: Chassot F; Negri MF; Svidzinski AE; Donatti L; Peralta RM
Source: Contraception. 2008 May;77(5):355-359.
Abstract: The in vitro adherence of Candida albicans isolated from vaginal exudates of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) to intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) and biofilm formation capacity were evaluated. This research was conducted with two vaginal C. albicans isolates. The adherence on IUD by both radiomarked adhesion assay and scanning electron microscopy, and the biofilm production capacity by spectrophotometric method were determined. The yeasts adhered strongly to different parts of the IUD (covered with copper wire, without copper wire and tail), and there was no significant difference in the rates of adhesion to the different parts (p=.7771). The vaginal yeasts showed a high capacity to produce biofilm. Two vaginal yeasts evaluated showed a high capacity to produce biofilm on IUD. It was confirmed that all parts of the IUD allow the adherence of yeasts. The adherence of C. albicans to different parts of the IUD and its formation of biofilm seems to be important attributes influencing the occurrence of VVC and recurrent VVC. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | CANDIDIASIS | VAGINA | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | IN VITRO | IUD COMPLICATIONS | POLYETHYLENE | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Bacterial and Fungal Diseases | Infections | Diseases | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Polymers | Ingredients and Chemicals
Document Number: 325973

24.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The T 380A intrauterine device: a retrospective 5-year evaluation.
Author: de Araujo FF; Barbieri M; Guazzelli CA; Lindsey PC
Source: Contraception. 2008 Dec;78(6):474-8.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The undue resistance to intrauterine device (IUD) use seen in several settings does not seem to occur in the Family Planning Unit of UNIFESP-EPM (Sao Paulo Federal University, Brazil). In fact, the Copper T 380A IUD in this clinic has reached an outstanding importance and this motivated us to present our differing experience. The prevalence of this method in this clinic is as high as 40%. This contrasts to the low use in the rest of the country, where tubal ligation is by far the most used contraceptive method (40%) and where IUD is inexpressive (1.1%). STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study of the records of 118 users of Copper T 380A IUD inserted at the clinic and who were followed during 5 years. RESULTS: The cumulative pregnancy rate was 0.8%. The main cause for discontinuation of the study was loss to follow-up (21.3%). Other reasons for the withdrawal of the device were personal option (13.6%), dislocation (11.7%) and pregnancy wish (3.4%). There was no withdrawal by pelvic inflammatory disease. Bleeding (0.8%) was not an important cause for withdrawal, and there were no withdrawals due to pain. The continuation rate at 5 years was 46.7%. The structured service and an adequate educative program perhaps could explain at least partially the good performance of IUD use in this clinic. There was an amazing prevalence of the components of the metabolic syndrome. This could represent contraindications for hormonal contraception, and, in consequence, it could influence the increased option for and continuation of the IUD. CONCLUSION: These data show a good performance of the IUD for long duration, in relation to other studies, and this should be considered as a reliable alternative to the high prevalence of female sterilization in this country.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | CONTRACEPTION TERMINATION | MOTIVATION | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Economic Development | Economic Factors | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraceptive Usage
Document Number: 330523

25.

Title: Advances in contraception: IUDs from a managed care perspective.
Author: Doyle J; Stern L; Hagan M; Hao J; Gricar J
Source: Journal of Women's Health. 2008 Jul-Aug;17(6):987-92.
Abstract: Contraceptive use in the United States is virtually universal among women of reproductive age. However, unplanned pregnancies continue to occur and can be largely attributed to the nonuse and misuse of contraception. Reducing unintended pregnancies constitutes a critical goal for managed care and the public. This can be achieved in part with intrauterine devices (IUDs), which are an effective method of contraception that require a one-time insertion and stay in place for 5-10 years. Therefore, compliance issues are largely mitigated, and actual use efficacy is the same as perfect use efficacy. The IUD is also reversible, unlike tubal ligation, and could potentially be the contraceptive of choice in today's environment. Unfortunately, safety concerns surrounding the use of older IUDs have precluded many women from recognizing the benefits of their use. Currently, the only approved IUDs in the United States are ParaGard, the copper IUD, and Mirena, the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). These devices offer superior safety profiles compared with those products that were withdrawn from the market in the 1970s. In addition to a favorable safety and tolerability profile, the LNG-IUS offers an advantage over copper IUDs, demonstrating improved efficacy in preventing intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies. Successful communication between patients and providers regarding the improved safety and efficacy of newer IUDs will ensure an appropriate place in therapy. Thus, greater numbers of women will recognize the IUD as a safe, cost-effective means to contraception, thereby reducing the economic and social burdens associated with unplanned pregnancies.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | IUD SIDE EFFECTS | LEVONORGESTREL | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraception | Family Planning | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Safety | Public Health | Health
Document Number: 328539

26.

27.

Title: Migrated IUCD removed by sigmoidoscopy without anaesthesia.
Author: Hakmi A
Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2008 Jul;28(5):550-1.
Abstract: The incidence of IUD-associated uterine perforation has been estimated in a recent study to be 2.2/1,000 insertions (Caliskan et al. 2003). The perforating IUCD may migrate to the pelvic or abdominal cavity or into adjacent organs, such as the intestine or the bladder. Zakin et al. reviewed 356 case reports of IUCD-related uterine perforation (Zakin et al. 1981). Of these, 41 cases involved the perforation of the intestinal tract. Reviewing Medline since 1951 revealed only a few cased of IUCD perforation of the rectosigmoid colon. Migration into the lumen of the rectosigmoid colon usually creates difficulty in locating the IUCD. In almost all the cases, the management involved laparoscopy with or without laparotomy. Only a few cases presented with the string protruding from the anus. Even in these situations, doctors often dismissed this symptom and laporoscopy was still done first (Beard 1981). Our case represents one of the very rare situations where the primary and only procedure to remove thelost IUCD was sigmoidoscopy avoiding unnecessary laparoscopy and general anaesthesia. This emphasized the importance of correctly locating the IUCD before embarking on laparoscopy, assuming that the IUCD is in the peritoneal cavity. It is evident from our case that the IUCD had perforated the uterus and the wall of the sigmoid colon to the lumen without causing significant pathology or disrupting symptoms. This again opens the debate about the management of ectopic IUCD, which is somewhat controversial (Caliskan et al. 2003) Traditionally, management of migrated IUCD has been the immediate removal. In fact, the majority of authors recommend removal of copper containing devices because of the potential for inflammatory reactions that can cause bowel obstruction and perforation (Kassab and Audra 1999). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends removal of the dislocated IUCD because of the formation of adhesions and other medicolegal and psychological indications (WHO 1987). However, there are many reports where the migrated IUCDs were accidently found in the peritoneal cavity many years after insertion, Siggard (1993) described a case of IUCD perforation of the uterus to the rectum, which was not recognised for 13 years. In addition, many authors described cases of removal of migrated IUCD where the patient was asymptomatic and IUCD was found to be causing no adhesions (Markovitch et al. 2002). On the other hand, removal of IUCD does not cause adhesions to dissolve. These observations have led many authors to advocate a conservative management in selected patients (Markovitch et al. 2002). The natural progression of a perforating IUCD may have a benign course and conservative management would lead the IUCD to settle in a more convenient site for safe and less invasive recovery. If our patient had presented earlier where the migrating IUCD was still partially in the peritoneal cavity and begun to perforate the sigmoid colon, removing the IUCD then would have require laparoscopy, laparotomy or even colostomy. Patients presenting with migrated IUCD should have careful evaluation of their symptoms and the examination should include rectal examination. In addition, investigations should include abdominal X-ray, transvaginal ultrasound scan and if necessary sigmoidoscopy. The IUCD should be removed in all symptomatic patients. On the other hand, asymptomatic patients may be suitable for conservative management and avoid unnecessary interventions that may carry greater risks than potential complications of migrating IUCD. Type and location of the IUCD and the possible surgical risks of removing the IUCD related to its location should all be considered. Patients should be counseled on the light of available information and be involved in the decision-making process of the management plan.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | IUD MIGRATION | IUD COMPLICATIONS | MEDICAL PROCEDURES | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 330837

28.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Subendometrial microvascularization and uterine artery blood flow in IUD-induced side effects (levonorgestrel intrauterine system and copper intrauterine device).
Author: Jimenez MF; Vetori D; Fagundes PA; de Treitas FM; Cunha-Filho JS
Source: Contraception. 2008 Oct;78(4):324-327.
Abstract: A better understanding of the uterine and endometrial vascularization in intrauterine device (IUD)-induced side effects is clearly of paramount importance in terms of both physiological and pathophysiological changes and may permit assessment for future therapeutic treatments. The aim of the study was to quantify the subendometrial microvascularization and uterine artery blood flow in IUD-induced side effects using power Doppler analysis as well as pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) in the exact midluteal phase 3 months after IUD insertion. There were 27 patients using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and 25 patients using TCu 380A. This study has a prospective clinical trial design. There is an increased subendometrial blood flow in patients with severe dysmenorrhea and/or bleeding, after controlling for IUD type, age and parity. Moreover, the PI and RI were not different in such women. The results provide new data on the bleeding patterns related to these IUD types that may be relevant during contraception use. This method could be used as a prognostic factor to better evaluate women for the risk of developing dysmenorrhea and/or bleeding after IUD insertion. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | IUD | LEVONORGESTREL | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | IUD COMPLICATIONS | SIDE EFFECTS | DYSMENORRHEA | BLEEDING | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Menstruation Disorders | Diseases | Signs and Symptoms
Document Number: 328084

29.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The effects of TCu-380A on cervicovaginal flora.
Author: Kanat-Pektas M; Ozat M; Gungor T
Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008 May;277(5):429-432.
Abstract: This study aims to identify the alterations in cervicovaginal flora after insertion of TCu 380A which is a popular type of copper IUD. Among the women who visited the Department of Family Planning in our hospital during 1 month, 100 subjects who preferred IUDs for contraception and who had no history of local or systemic antibiotic use were considered eligible candidates. Anaerobic colonies, especially Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli were isolated at significantly higher rates after the insertion of TCu-380A. Aerobic colonies were isolated relatively less. It can be suggested that copper IUD causes the predominance of anaerobic species in the cervicovaginal flora, which is consistent with the literature. This clinically insignificant condition can be attributed to the copper content or threads of the IUDs. Yet there is no evidence that the prevalance of pelvic infections is influenced by the use of IUDs. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | IUD SIDE EFFECTS | VAGINAL ABNORMALITIES | CERVICAL EFFECTS | PELVIC INFECTIONS | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Diseases | Cervix | Uterus | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Infections
Document Number: 326106

30.
Title: Copper T380A intrauterine device: lost and found.
Author: Kaneshiro B; Jensen J; Edelman A
Source: Hawaii Medical Journal. 2008 May;67(5):131-2.
Abstract: Intrauterine devices (IUD) have been used to prevent pregnancy for centuries. Although they continued to be popular around the world, in the United States, a history of litigation and negative publicity decreased IUD utilization for the last 20 years. However, the advent of new devices, particularly the levonorgestrel containing IUD has steadily increased IUD utilization among American women. Occuring in approximately 1 in 1000 insertions, perforation of the uterus is a rare, although serious complication associated with IUD use. Risk factors include a retroverted, immobile uterus and an inexperienced clinician. While the vast majority of uterine perforations do not involve other organs, a small percentage will involve perforation or erosion into adjacent visceral organs, most often the small bowel. This report describes a uterine perforation with a Copper T-380A IUD into the small bowel and documents treatment with a laparoscopic bowel resection.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN | POSTPARTUM | LEVONORGESTREL | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Puerperium | Reproduction | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Safety | Public Health | Health
Document Number: 328778


	Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy