1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Migrant visions of development: a gendered approach. Author: Dannecker P Source: Population, Space and Place. 2009;15:119-132. Abstract: In this article the current debate on migration and development is critically discussed. It will be shown that development as a multidimensional process is hardly ever conceptualised. The diversity of migration flows and patterns and the gendered structure of these processes are leading to different development visions which are hardly ever addressed or related to development. The analysis of the development visions of temporary male and female labour migrants from Bangladesh will reveal that migration experiences and the new connections and networks give rise to new identifications and development visions. The negotiations of these visions locally may initiate cultural, social and political transformations in the countries of origin, which do not necessarily correspond with the development visions articulated by other national and international actors involved. Language: English Keywords: ASIA, SOUTHERN | BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | MIGRATION | LABOR MIGRATION | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | GENDER ISSUES | ISLAM | RELIGION | Asia | Developing Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 328760 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: The influence of changes in women's religious affiliation on contraceptive use and fertility among the Kassena-Nankana of Northern Ghana. Author: Doctor HV; Phillips JF; Sakeah E Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Jun;40(2):113-122. Abstract: Religious affiliation is undergoing major changes in rural Sahelian Africa, with profound consequences for customs that are grounded in traditional belief systems. This study examines the influence of women's religious affiliation on contraceptive use and fertility among the Kassena-Nankana of northern Ghana. Analysis of longitudinal data for women in 1995 and 2003 shows that 61 percent of women changed their religion, with shifts from traditional beliefs to Christianity being dominant. Moreover, women were more likely than men to make such a change. Regression results show that, compared with those who did not change, switching from traditional religion to Christianity or Islam is associated with increased contraceptive use and decreased fertility. The more rapid change in religious affiliation among women than men may have social consequences for the status of women, signaling a trend toward greater autonomy in the family and new aspirations, values, and behavior as evidenced by the proportion of people adopting contraceptives. Language: English Keywords: GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | SAMPLING STUDIES | ETHNIC GROUPS | WOMEN | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | BELIEFS | CHRISTIANITY | ISLAM | SOCIAL CHANGE | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Culture Document Number: 341895 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: Adherence to anti retroviral therapy (ART) during Muslim Ramadan fasting. Author: Habib AG; Shepherd JC; Eng MK; Babashani M; Jumare J; Yakubu U; Gebi UI; Saad M; Ibrahim H; Blattner WA Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Feb;13(1):42-45. Abstract: Annual fasting during the month of Ramadan is observed in Muslim countries, some of which have widespread HIV infection. We studied treatment adherence and customary practices among 142 fasting 'FT' and 101 nonfasting 'NFT' patients on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria. Adherence on ART among FT and NFT patients was similar during Ramadan, 96% and 98%, and ever since commencement of ART, 80% and 88%, respectively. FT patients altered their typical daily behaviors by advancing morning and delaying evening doses thereby prolonging dosing intervals, eating heavier meals pre-dawn and on breakfast at sunset (78%), and changing or reducing their sleeping and waking times (40%). This preliminary study suggests that adherence and drug taking frequency appear uncompromised in FT HIV infected patients on ARVs. Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | KENYA | NIGERIA | SOMALIA | SOUTH AFRICA | TANZANIA | UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ISLAM | HIV | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | USER COMPLIANCE | RELIGION | CULTURE | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Africa, Western | Africa, Southern | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior Document Number: 330156 |
4.  Title: Assessment of Kenyan sexual networks: Collecting evidence for interventions to reduce HIV / STI risk in Garissa, North Eastern Province, and Eastleigh, Nairobi. Author: Macintyre K; Eymoy HA; Hassan I; Adriance D; Nouga A Source: Nairobi, Kenya, Pathfinder International, AIDS, Population and Health Integrated Assistance North Eastern Province [APHIA], [2009]. 7 p. (USAID Associate Cooperative Agreement No. 623-A-00-07-00023-00) Abstract: It is clear from the data gathered in this assessment that HIV prevention messages have reached Garissa, but more must be done to clarify and refine these messages and improve knowledge and behaviors regarding risky sex. Though this sample should not be viewed as representative of the NEP population as a whole, these data can be used by APHIA II NEP to create a targeted, evidence-based prevention strategy. APHIA II NEP plans to work with partners to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices through a strategic behavior change campaign with the following objectives: targeting key populations, leveraging the endorsement and influence of religious leaders, projecting familiar social settings and "our face" in all communication materials, [and] intensifying school-based programs. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | SOMALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | SEX WORKERS | SOCIAL NETWORKS | ETHNIC GROUPS | INFLUENTIALS | ISLAM | NOMADS | FOREIGN AID | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | PERCEPTION | RISK ASSESSMENT | HIV TRANSMISSION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Religion | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Psychological Factors | Evaluation | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 331344 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Emerging discourse: Islamic teaching in HIV prevention in Kenya. Author: Maulana AO; Krumeich A; Van Den Borne B Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 May 12;:1. Abstract: Islamic values portraying sex outside of marriage as sinful are often believed to contribute to HIV transmission as they reject safe-sex practices. Moreover, stigma associated with sinful behaviour is frequently assumed to interfere with access to care for those infected. In contrast, adherence to religious values such as abstinence is viewed as an explanation for the relatively low incidence of HIV infection in Islamic populations. Inspired by this debate, a study was conducted into the possibilities of using Islamic texts as a starting point for health promotion addressing HIV infection and HIV/AIDS-related stigma in Lamu, a Muslim community in Kenya. The study also explored the potential role of Lamu's Islamic leaders in the delivery of that health promotion. In collaboration with Islamic leaders, texts were identified that applied to sexual conduct, health, stigma and the responsibilities of Islamic leaders towards their congregations. In spite of the association of HIV with improper sexual behaviour, Islamic texts offer a starting point for tackling HIV transmission and HIV/AIDS-related stigma. Under particular conditions, the identified Islamic texts may even justify the promotion of safer-sex methods, including condom use. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | COMMUNITY | HIV PREVENTION | ISLAM | EXTRAMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | STIGMA | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | VALUE ORIENTATION | ABSTINENCE | LEADERSHIP | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | SAFER SEX | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Social Problems | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Psychological Factors | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341496 |
| 6. Title: Correlates of the intention to remain sexually inactive among male adolescents in an Islamic country: case of the Republic of Iran. Author: Mohtasham G; Shamsaddin N; Bazargan M; Anosheravan K; Elaheh M; Fazlolah G Source: Journal of School Health. 2009 Mar;79(3):123-9. Abstract: BACKGROUND: There are very few studies that have examined sexual intentions and behaviors of adolescents in Islamic countries. This study employs the Health Belief Model to assess the correlates of the intention to remain sexually inactive among male adolescents in the Republic of Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 314 adolescents recruited from 3 high schools from Tehran, Iran. RESULTS: Fifty-seven percent of this sample planned to remain abstinent until marriage. Another 23% rejected the notion of remaining abstinent and 20% were uncertain. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that students whose mothers were employed and who received a higher daily allowance were more likely to report that they would not remain abstinent. No significant independent relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related knowledge and an intention to remain abstinent was detected. However, consistent with previous studies conducted in Asia, Africa, and in Western countries, we documented that (1) perceived subjective norms, (2) self-efficacy, (3) and perceived susceptibility to contracting the HIV virus all are associated with the intention to remain sexually inactive among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: It seems abstinence until marriage is more likely to be practiced in traditional families. However, Iranian society is changing rapidly and traditional family structures, values, and norms may not sufficiently protect adolescents from HIV infection. The data from this study support previous studies conducted in Western countries, which found that intervention programs that focus on knowledge alone are ineffective in their ability to alter adolescents' intentions to postpone sexual activity. Language: English Keywords: IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | THEORETICAL MODELS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | STUDENTS | ABSTINENCE | ISLAM | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | PREVALENCE | INCOME | EMPLOYMENT | VALUE ORIENTATION | Middle East | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Schools | Measurement | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 341162 |
| 7. Title: HIV/AIDS-related stigma in Kumasi, Ghana. Author: Ulasi CI; Preko PO; Baidoo JA; Bayard B; Ehiri JE; Jolly CM; Jolly PE Source: Health and Place. 2009 Mar;15(1):255-62. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Kumasi, Ghana. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 104 adults from the four sub-districts in Kumasi was conducted. RESULTS: Four stigma constructs, employment-based discrimination, screening and identification of HIV positive people, revelation of HIV status and social contact stigma were determined based on reliability measures from responses to the questionnaire. Regression analysis showed that participants with higher educational attainment were more likely to favor policies denying employment to PLWHA (p<0.05), but disapproved of revealing HIV sero-status (p<0.05). Muslims were more likely than Christians to agree with identifying PLWHA (p<0.05) and more likely to advocate revealing HIV sero-status (p<0.05). Males were more likely to favor revealing HIV status (p<0.05). Employed persons were more likely to have social contact with PLWHA (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings are useful in guiding the design of interventions against HIV/AIDS-related stigma in Kumasi. Language: English Keywords: GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | STIGMA | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | EMPLOYMENT | HIV TESTING | ISLAM | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Religion Document Number: 330295 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Adolescent reproductive health in Indonesia: contested values and policy inaction. Author: Utomo ID; McDonald P Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Jun;40(2):133-146. Abstract: This study examines the changing social and political context of adolescent sexual and reproductive health policy in Indonesia. We describe how, in 2001, Indonesia was on the brink of implementing an adolescent reproductive health policy that was consistent with international agreements to which the Indonesian government was a party. Although the health of young Indonesians was known to be at risk, the opportunity for reform passed quickly with the emergence of a new competing force, Middle Eastern fundamentalist Islam. Faced with the risk of regional separatism and competing politico-religious influences, the Indonesian government retreated to the safety of inaction in this area of policy. In the absence of a supportive and committed political environment that reinforces policy specifically targeted to young people's reproductive health, extremist approaches that involve considerable health risk prevailed. The sexual and reproductive values and behaviors that are emerging among single young people in contemporary Indonesia are conditioned by a political context that allows the conflicting forces of traditional Indonesian values, Westernization, and the strong emerging force of fundamentalist Islam to compete for the allegiance of young people. Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH POLICY | ISLAM | POLITICAL FACTORS | SOCIAL CHANGE | LEGISLATION | SEXUALITY | SEX EDUCATION | MASS MEDIA | VALUE ORIENTATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Policy | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Education | Communication Document Number: 341897 |
| 9. Title: Changes in fertility rates among Muslims in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Author: Zuehlke E Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2009 Apr. [1] p. Abstract: The number of Muslims worldwide is projected to grow over the next decade to reach one-quarter of the world's population, largely because of higher fertility among Muslim populations. Yet, it is simplistic to argue that there is a specifically Islamic pattern of fertility due solely to religious influence, says Mehtab Karim, a senior research adviser and senior fellow at the Pew Forum on Religion and World Affairs. Karim visited PRB as part of its ongoing Policy Seminar series and presented findings based on the latest Demographic and Health Survey data from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | INDIA | PAKISTAN | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | RELIGION | ISLAM | FERTILITY | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | CULTURE | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | POPULATION GROWTH | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | FAMILY PLANNING | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Economic Factors | Contraception | Socioeconomic Status Document Number: 331347 |
| 10. Title: Susan's story: keeping secrets and promoting family planning in rural Kenya. Author: IntraHealth International. Capacity Project Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, IntraHealth International, Capacity Project, 2008 Sep. [2] p. (Voices No. 23) Abstract: In Kenya's remote North Eastern Province, a woman nervously approached the Ijara District Hospital. She wanted to learn about family planning but feared for her privacy. In her deeply religious community, comprised mainly of ethnic Somali Muslims, households have an average of eight children and family planning is viewed with suspicion. "Are you going to keep the secret?" she asked the young nurse. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | NURSES AND NURSING | HEALTH PERSONNEL | RURAL POPULATION | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | PROMOTION | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | CAPACITY BUILDING | COUNSELING | ISLAM | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Training Programs | Education | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Marketing | Economic Factors | Ethics | Sociocultural Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Religion Document Number: 308934 |
| 11. Title: Reducing FGM / C among Somali girls in Kenya. Author: Population Council Source: Population Briefs. 2008 Dec;14(2):[3] p. Abstract: Nearly all Somali girls, sometimes when they are as young as four years, undergo female genital mutilation / cutting (FGM / C). This ancient practice involves the removal of all or part of the female external genitalia for cultural, not medical, reasons. Among Somalis in Kenya, the most severe form of FGM / C -- called type III -- is the most common. Focus groups and in-depth interviews with the Somali community and its religious leaders have revealed that the best way to reduce this practice is to demonstrate a lack of religious support for FGM / C. Thus, Population Council staff members are working with Muslim scholars in Kenya to develop consensus that the practice is not supported by Islam so that this message can be conveyed by the scholars to their communities. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | SUMMARY REPORT | CHILD, FEMALE | FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES | ISLAM | BELIEFS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Traditional Health Practices | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Diseases | Religion Document Number: 331487 |
| 12. Title: Is consanguineous marriage religiously encouraged? Author reply [letter] Author: Akrami SM Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2008 Jan;40(1):155. Abstract: I thank Dr M. Saadat for taking the time to carefully read this article and for making helpful comments. After studying his input, I believe he is in agreement with our conclusion that there is no encouragement of consanguineous marriage in the Islamic context. As he stated, it highlights the importance of the historical background of such practice in some parts of Iran. However, I believe this statement may not be applicable to the entire country. He is right with his second comment regarding Imam Ali and the Fatima family relationship. (full text) Language: English Keywords: IRAN | CRITIQUE | COUPLES | ISLAM | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | CONSANGUINITY | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Developing Countries | Middle East | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Marriage | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Genetics | Biology Document Number: 322458 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Abortion index and mortality of offspring among women of different age, caste and population groups of north Indian Muslims. Author: Ara G; Siddique YH; Beg T; Afzal M Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2008 May;40(3):431-443. Abstract: The Muslims of Aligarh city are predominantly Sunnis, although there are also a considerable number of Shias. Among the Sunnis, approximately a quarter belong to Syed, Sheikh, Moghal and Pathan groups, and three-quarters belong to various lower biradaris. In the present study, 304 women attending the Primary Health Centre of the J. N. Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, were surveyed and the following recorded among Muslim women of high-rank (Ashraf) and low-rank (Ajlaf) castes: incidence of marriage, age of the mother at the time of marriage, present age of the mother, abortions, still births, prereproductive mortality and overall mortality. The Ashraf are comprised of the Sheikh, Syed and Pathan, whereas the Ajlafs have Qureshi, Saifi and Ansari biradaris. Maternal age was scored as above and below 45 years in each biradari. Significant effects of maternal age were seen on mortality of offspring, whereas populations did not show consistent differences, except when Ashrafs and Ajlafs were considered separately. The results show higher mortality and abortions for various groups. This may be due to various biological and socio-cultural factors, including hidden inbreeding in the remote past. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | INCIDENCE | ETHNIC GROUPS | ISLAM | WOMEN | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | HEALTH FACILITIES | MARRIAGE | AGE FACTORS | MARRIAGE AGE | ABORTION RATE | MATERNAL MORTALITY | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | FERTILITY RATE | DEATH RATE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Measurement | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Religion | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Nuptiality | Marriage Patterns | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility Document Number: 325518 Notification |
| 14. Title: Madrasas and NGOs: complements or substitutes? Non-state providers and growth in female education in Bangladesh. Author: Asadullah MN; Chaudhury N Source: [Washington, D.C], World Bank, South Asia Region, Human Development Unit, 2008 Feb. 20 p. (Policy Research Working Paper No. 4511) Abstract: There has been a proliferation of non-state providers of education services in the developing world. In Bangladesh, for instance, Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee runs more than 40,000 non-formal schools that cater to school-drop outs from poor families or operate in villages where there's little provision for formal schools. This paper presents a rationale for supporting these schools on the basis of their spillover effects on female enrollment in secondary (registered) madrasa schools (Islamic faith schools). Most madrasa high schools in Bangladesh are financed by the sate and include a modern curriculum alongside traditional religious subjects. Using an establishment-level dataset on student enrollment in secondary schools and madrasas, the authors demonstrate that the presence of madrasas is positively associated with secondary female enrollment growth. Such feminization of madrasas is therefore unique and merits careful analysis. The authors test the effects of the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee primary schools on growth in female enrollment in madrasas. The analysis deals with potential endoegeneity by using data on number of the number of school branches and female members in the sub-district. The findings show that madrasas that are located in regions with a greater number of Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee schools have higher growth in female enrollment. This relationship is further strengthened by the finding that there is, however, no effect of these schools on female enrollment growth in secular schools. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL STUDIES | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ISLAM | EDUCATION | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | RURAL DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Religion | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Schools Document Number: 325677 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Lifetime abortion rate in Iran is estimated to be one per four women. Author: Ball H Source: International Family Planning Perspectives. 2008 Sep;34(3):147. Abstract: In Iran, where abortion is severely restricted by law, married women aged 15-49 have an estimated 73,000 abortions per year, according to a recent analysis of nationally representative data.1 This translates to 0.26 lifetime abortions per woman. However, the abortion rate varies widely among Iran's provinces, depending largely on regional levels of religiosity and modern contraceptive use. The data used to estimate abortion rates and levels come mainly from a subsample of 87,248 married women aged 15-49 who completed the 2000 Iran Demographic and Health Survey. The women provided information on social and demographic characteristics (including fertility), as well as on factors affecting their reproductive health. Because abortions are difficult to obtain in Iran and are often performed illegally, accurate data on the procedure's incidence were unavailable; thus, the researchers used the so-called residual method to estimate the abortion rate. In this approach, the abortion rate is calculated from a formula that incorporates women's theoretical maximum fertility rate (15.3 children per woman), the total fertility rate for Iran (2.0 children per woman), contraceptive use, postpartum infecundability, and seasonal and absolute spousal separation (due primarily to work-related migration). This rate was then applied to 1996 census data to generate an estimate of the incidence of abortion. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | INDIRECT ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ABORTION RATE | ABORTION LAW | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | ISLAM | AGE FACTORS | RISK FACTORS | Middle East | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Data Analysis | Estimation Techniques | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Geography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Population Characteristics | Biology Document Number: 322605 Notification |
| 16. Title: Prospects for feminism in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Author: Barlow R; Akbarzadeh S Source: Human Rights Quarterly. 2008;30:21-40. Abstract: There is a stark contrast between the level of Iranian women's social and political engagement and what the conservative regime prescribes. The gap between the reality of women's participation in public life and their restricted legal status has emboldened women's groups to campaign for legal reforms. But the Iranian regime has adopted an uncompromising position in relation to such demands. This is seen as an existential matter for the state. As a result, the Islamic regime has adopted a highly intolerant and repressive approach to women's groups. This is most evident in relation to secular-oriented feminists, such as the Nobel Prize Laureate Shirin Ebadi, driving a wedge between the latter and the more religiously-oriented feminists. (author's) Language: English Keywords: IRAN | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | WOMEN'S GROUPS | GOVERNMENT | ISLAM | FEMINISM | POLITICAL FACTORS | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | LEGISLATION | WOMEN'S STATUS | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | Developing Countries | Middle East | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Interest Groups | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Socioeconomic Factors | Human Rights Document Number: 324454 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: Inequities remain in use of maternal health care services in Bangladesh. Author: Doskoch P Source: International Family Planning Perspectives. 2008 Jun;34(2):98-99. Abstract: Despite the implementation of programs that provide home-based skilled birth attendants, Bangladeshi women who are poor or uneducated are still far less likely than wealthier, highly educated women to use maternal health care services. For example, women whose household assets place them in the wealthiest quintile are more likely than those in the poorest quintile to have used skilled birth attendants (odds ratio 2.9), had a cesarean delivery (2.6) or received postnatal care (1.5) for their most recent birth. Use of these maternal services also differed by women's educational level, religion, proximity to a hospital and receipt of prenatal care. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CHILDBIRTH | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES | NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES | TRAINING PROGRAMS | CESAREAN SECTION | ISLAM | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | ANTENATAL CARE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Education | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 327764 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: HIV-related knowledge and stigma among high school students in Libya. Author: El-Gadi S; Abudher A; Sammud M Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2008 Mar;19(3):178-183. Abstract: This study aims to measure indicators of HIV-related stigma among students of high schools in the North West of Libya. The results will be part of baseline data and evaluation of the impact of successive interventions. Understanding the behaviour of risk groups in a society, such as young people, is essential in order to draw effective prevention strategies. Behavioural surveillance surveys have been shown to make an important and useful contribution to informing the response to HIV. This study was part of a large Knowledge, Attitude, Beliefs and Practice survey. A self-administrated questionnaire method was used. The response rates were high (83-92%). Despite high level of stigma shown by both boys and girls in the study, 91% of students supported providing free care to HIV infected individuals. The HIV intervention programmes for young people should operate within a comprehensive strategy to combat HIV/AIDS. The stigmatizing and the discriminatory perceptions of HIV infected individuals should be addressed as part of the education campaign. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LIBYA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | BASELINE SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | HIV | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | BELIEFS | STIGMA | ISLAM | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Culture | Social Problems | Religion Document Number: 325838 |
| 19. Title: Abortion in Iran: What do we know? Author: Erfani A Source: London, Canada, University of Western Ontario, Population Studies Centre, 2008 Jan. 16 p. (Discussion Paper No. 08-01) Abstract: Annually, an estimated 73,000 induced abortions are performed by married women of reproductive age in Iran. In addition to the post-abortion costs, which place a burden on the government, about 16 million dollars are spent annually by women in Iran to obtain these abortions, which are mostly illegal and unsafe. The extent of maternal mortality and health risks associated with unsafe abortions remain uncertain due to data limitations. To reduce clandestine, unsafe abortions, modern contraceptives should be supplied to provinces and sub-groups of the population with high fertility and low modern contraceptive use. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | WOMEN | CURRENTLY MARRIED | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION RATE | SAFETY | ISLAM | Developing Countries | Middle East | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Public Health | Health | Religion | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 325674 Notification |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Rates of induced abortion in Iran: The roles of contraceptive use and religiosity. Author: Erfani A; McQuillan K Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2008 Jun;39(2):105-110. Abstract: Iran has experienced a dramatic decline in fertility in recent decades, but limited access to legal abortion continues to lead many women whose pregnancies are unwanted or mistimed to undergo clandestine, unsafe abortions. No official data on the abortion rate in Iran have been collected, however. This study uses the 2000 Iran Demographic and Health Survey to estimate the abortion rate for the country as a whole and for specific regions, and to explore the role of contraceptive use and religiosity in explaining regional variations in abortion rates. We estimate the total abortion rate for the country to be 0.26 abortions per married woman, and the annual general abortion rate to be 7.5 abortions per 1,000 married women aged 15-49. We find that the negative effect of modern contraceptive use on the abortion rate is 31 percent greater than the negative effect of religiosity, and we highlight the implications of these findings for policies on reproductive health and family planning. (author's) Language: English Keywords: IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ABORTION RATE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ABORTION | ISLAM | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | Developing Countries | Middle East | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Contraception | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors Document Number: 326973 Notification |
| 21. Title: Domestic lives of Pakistani women. Author: Feld K; Hayes W Source: Vienna, Virginia, D3 Systems, Inc., 2008. 4 p. Abstract: Though regional variances exist, women in Pakistan are largely impoverished homemakers with limited access to healthcare and education. They have varying geographically, opinions about the role of shari'a in protecting their rights. However, they actively follow the news and view founding their own business as a vessel to economic and social liberties. This suggests that despite their environment, many are looking for opportunities to economically improve themselves. Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | ISLAM | WOMEN | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | SURVEYS | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Human Rights | Political Factors Document Number: 328075 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: The influence of Islam on AIDS prevention among Senegalese university students. Author: Gilbert SS Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2008 Oct;20(5):399-407. Abstract: Senegal has involved Muslim leaders in its prevention campaign for more than a decade. Senegal also has the lowest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines how Islam influences AIDS prevention by testing whether Senegalese participants' religiosity scores explain their risky decisions associated with sex, condom use, and drug use. Participants with higher religiosity scores were more likely to abstain from sex. However, participants high in religiosity were not more likely to report that they did not use condoms when sexually active. Language: English Keywords: SENEGAL | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | STUDENTS | ISLAM | HIV PREVENTION | UNIVERSITIES | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | ABSTINENCE | CONDOM USE | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Schools | Behavior | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Risk Reduction Behavior Document Number: 322735 |
| 23. Peer Reviewed Title: The demographic impact of Partition in the Punjab in 1947. Author: Hill K; Selzer W; Leaning J; Malik SJ; Russell SS Source: Population Studies. 2008;62(2):155-170. Abstract: We use data from the 1931, 1941, and 1951 censuses of India and the 1951 census of Pakistan to examine the demographic consequences of Partition in the Punjab in 1947. Had growth rates for the period 1931-41 for the Punjab as a whole continued to 1951, the population of the Punjab would have been 2.9 million larger than that recorded in 1951. Population losses from migration and mortality above age 20 were approximately 2.7 million greater between 1941 and 1951 than would have been predicted by loss rates between 1931 and 1941. We estimate a net Partition-related population movement out of the combined Punjab of about 400,000. We conclude from several lines of analysis that Partition-related population losses in the Punjab, either from deaths or unrecorded migration, were in the range 2.3-3.2 million. Partition was also marked by a dramatic religious homogenization at the district level. Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CENSUS METHODS | POPULATION | ETHNIC GROUPS | MIGRANTS | DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT | COLONIALISM | HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY | CENSUS | POPULATION GROWTH | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | POPULATION DECREASE | RELIGION | ISLAM | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Migration | Population Dynamics | Political Systems | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Demography | Social Sciences | Science Document Number: 327733 |
| 24. Title: Disputing contraception: Muslim reform, secular change and fertility. Author: Jeffery P; Jeffery R; Jeffrey C Source: Modern Asian Studies. 2008;42(2-3):519-548. Abstract: In South Asia, Muslim reformers have often attempted to 'rationalize' and gentrify the everyday behaviour of ordinary Muslims. Yet, despite the existence of discussions of contraceptive techniques in the yunan-itibb curricula of 19th century India and the apparent affinity between rationalism and fertility regulation, contraception was rarely discussed in public debates involving Muslim reformers. In this paper we discuss some of the relationships between ´elite debates among Muslim leaders and the grassroots behaviour of villagers in rural Bijnor, in western Uttar Pradesh. Villagers' voices are ambiguous, with fears for mother and child health surfacing as often as concerns for religious orthodoxy and one's destiny in the afterlife. In addition, many of the villagers' views of Islam were much more restrictive than those of the locally accepted authoritative voices: although the staff at Daru'l 'Ulum, Deoband, saw much modern contraception as an unwelcome sign of modernity, their discussions of the acceptability of family planning circled round notions of majburi [compulsion], repentance, and the unfathomable mercy of Allah. We conclude that focusing on local notions of Islam to understand the fertility behaviour of rural Muslims is less fruitful than considering a "political economy of hopelessness" that, increasingly since 1947, affects many Muslims in north India. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | RURAL POPULATION | ISLAM | SOCIAL CHANGE | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTION | FERTILITY | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | STERILIZATION, SEXUAL | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics Document Number: 325791 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Communal violence in Gujarat, India: Impact of sexual violence and responsibilities of the health care system. Author: Khanna R Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2008 May;16(31):142-152. Abstract: Situations of chronic conflict across the globe make it imperative to draw attention to its gendered health consequences, particularly the violation of women's reproductive and sexual rights. Since early 2002 in Gujarat, western India, the worst kind of state-sponsored violence against Muslims has been perpetrated, which continues to this day. This paper describes the history of that violence and highlights the mental and physicial consequences of sexual and gender-based violence and the issues that need to be addressed by the police, the health care system and civil society. It draws upon several reports, including from the International Initiative for Justice and the Medico Friend Circle, which documented the reproductive, sexual and mental health consequences of the violence in Gujarat, and the lacunae in the responses of the health system. The paper calls for non-discrimination to be demonstrated by health personnel in the context of conflict and social unrest. Their training should include conflict as a public health problem, their roles and responsibilities in prevention, treatment and documentation of this "disease", and focus on relevant medico-legal methodology and principles, the psychological impact of sexual assault on victims, and the legal significance of medical evidence in these cases. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | HISTORICAL REVIEW | WOMEN | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | RAPE | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | HEALTH SERVICES | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | POLICE | CIVIL SOCIETY | HINDUISM | ISLAM | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Human Rights | Political Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Organization and Administration | Corrections Officers | Government | Economic Factors | Religion Document Number: 327198 |
| 26. Title: Female genital mutilation among antenatal care and contraceptive advice attendees in Sweden. Author: Litorp H; Franck M; Almroth L Source: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2008;87(7):716-22. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore knowledge of, attitudes toward and practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) among women originally from countries where FGM is customary attending antenatal care and contraceptive advice in Sweden. METHODS: Women in reproductive age living in Sweden who originate from countries where FGM is practiced coming for antenatal care or contraceptive advice at two maternity welfare centers in Stockholm were asked to participate. Interview administered questionnaires and gynecological examination were used for data collection. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Out of 49 women asked, 40 women agreed to participate, of whom 37 had undergone FGM. Most FGM operations had been performed by doctors or midwives. Half of the Muslim women said FGM was allowed by their religion. All women reporting to have undergone 'sunna', an allegedly mild form, had extensive damage to their genitals. At gynecological examination three cases of reinfibulation were detected, of which two had been performed after delivery in Sweden. Twenty-nine women had daughters and three had let their daughters undergo FGM, all of them before settling in Sweden. Problems related to delivery and sexual intercourse were the most commonly mentioned complications of FGM. CONCLUSIONS: The reliability of the self-reported form of FGM is low, which may have implications for research, interventions and health care. Although many women express negative attitudes toward FGM and know about serious complications, the religious justifications, the practice of FGM on daughters, reinfibulation on adults and medicalization of the practice indicate attitudes that favor of the continued practice of FGM. Language: English Keywords: SWEDEN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | IMMIGRANTS | PREGNANT WOMEN | DAUGHTERS | FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | ANTENATAL CARE | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ISLAM | COMPLICATIONS | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | Europe, Northern | Europe | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Harmful Traditional Practices | Traditional Health Practices | Culture | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Education | Contraception | Family Planning | Religion | Diseases Document Number: 328672 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: Is consanguineous marriage historically encouraged? Author: Saadat M Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2008 Jan;40(1):153-154. Abstract: I read with great interest Akrami and Osati's article entitled 'Is consanguineous marriage religiously encouraged?' Islamic and Iranian considerations' published in the March 2007 issue of the Journal of Biosocial Science. The authors showed that in many Islamic sources, there is no sign that could be described as encouraging cousin marriages. I would like to make a few comments about it. It is well established that consanguinity is associated with loss of biological fitness for both communities and individuals. For countries such as Iran, where consanguineous marriages are common, the reasons behind consanguinity are highly important for public health programmes. Very recently, I reported on consanguineous marriages in Iranian folktales. Also, I reported that there was a very strong correlation between the mean inbreeding coefficients (a) estimated for the eleven different Iranian (ethical and/or geographical) populations based on records of folktales and a estimation of the populations at the present time. Surprisingly, a estimation using data derived from folktales can explain more than 56% (r/2=0.5625) of the differences between populations for consanguineous marriages at present. Because folktales represent the historical basis of knowledge, attitude and practice about consanguinity, consanguinity has been a long-standing social habit among Iranian populations. Considering that Akrami and Osati reported that there was no encouragement of consanguineous marriages in the Islamic context, it might be suggested that the historical background is very important in the attitudes and practice about marriages between relatives. Finally, Imam Ali and Fatima were first cousins once removed. (full text) Language: English Keywords: IRAN | HISTORICAL REVIEW | COUPLES | ISLAM | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | CONSANGUINITY | CULTURE | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | FOLK MEDIA | Developing Countries | Middle East | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Marriage | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Genetics | Biology | Mass Media | Communication Document Number: 322457 |
| 28. Title: Negotiating with modernity: young women and sexuality in Iran. Author: Sadeghi F Source: Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. 2008;28(2):250-259. Abstract: Iranian society has changed considerably during the past twenty-seven years. While these changes are mostly visible in the appearance of the people and cities, less visible changes have also happened in traditional family norms and private life, especially where the young people are concerned. When they are acknowledged, these changes are referred to as a "generation gap" that occurred after the Islamic revolution.1 Among young women, changes in behavior and identity are evident not only among the "misveiled" (badhijab) girls (those who wear hijab in order to accommodate themselves to Iranian legal requirements yet intentionally disregard the spirit if not precisely the letter of the law) but also among "veiled" girls (often referred to as chadori, whether or not they actually wear the chador). Based on research done in 2005 -6 through in-depth interviews with young urban Iranian women about their private and public lives, this essay examines whether as these girls are becoming less overtly traditional they are claiming their own subjectivity. The analysis indicates that although these young women are not as docile to traditional norms as previous generations were, they can hardly be considered a radically modern generation in terms of breaking with the deeper social conventions of the past. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: IRAN | LITERATURE REVIEW | INTERVIEWS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | YOUTH | ISLAM | SEXUALITY | LIFE STYLE | PERSONALITY | PERSONHOOD | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | SOCIAL CHANGE | Middle East | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sex Behavior Document Number: 327869 |
| 29. Title: Bridging generic and professional care practices for Muslim patients through use of Leininger's culture care modes. Author: Wehbe-Alamah H Source: Contemporary Nurse. 2008 Apr;28(1-2):83-97. Abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide knowledge of traditional Muslim generic (folk) care beliefs, expressions and practices derived from research and descriptive sources, in order to assist nurses and other health care professionals to integrate generic (folk) into professional care practices. Muslim generic (folk) care beliefs and practices related to the caregiving process, health, illness, dietary needs, dress, privacy, modesty, touch, gender relations, eye contact, abortion, contraception, birth, death and bereavement were explored. A discussion involving the use of Leininger's culture care preservation and/or maintenance, culture care accommodation and/or negotiation and culture care repatterning and/or restructuring action modes to bridge the gap between generic (folk) and professional (etic) care practices and to consequently promote culturally congruent care is presented. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | ETHNIC GROUPS | NURSES AND NURSING | ISLAM | CULTURE | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | BELIEFS | GENDER RELATIONS | DISEASES | PERCEPTION | DIET | PRIVACY | CLOTHING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Gender Issues | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Nutrition | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 329477 |
| 30. Title: The Positive Muslims’ approach to stigma, HIV, AIDS and PLWH: a theology of compassion translated into non-judgmental support for HIV-positive Muslims in South Africa. Author: Westh J; Noordien F Source: Exchange on HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Gender. 2008;(2):7-9. Abstract: The South African organization Positive Muslims, based in Cape Town, resulted from one of the founding members' experience of being stigmatized. When Faghmeda Miller discovered her HIV-positive status, she noted that there were no support structures for Muslims living with HIV in South Africa. On the contrary, stigma surrounds infected and affected persons in Muslim communities. Since HIV is associated with pre- and extramarital sex and drug usage, the widespread conception is that 'good Muslims' are above contracting the virus as they are not supposed to indulge in these activities. A survey on Asian Muslims' opinions on HIV and AIDS, conducted by the Asian Muslim Action Network, found that approximately half of the respondents viewed AIDS as God's vengeance on immorality. An almost similar percentage considered AIDS a 'disease of sinners' and almost as many regarded people living with HIV (PLWH) as 'devoid of morality'. Although the study focused on South East Asia there is valid reason to presume similar tendencies in South African Muslim attitudes towards AIDS and PLWH. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | WOMEN | ISLAM | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | STIGMA | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems Document Number: 308007 |
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