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Title: Exposure to information and communication about HIV/AIDS and perceived credibility of information sources among young people in northern Tanzania.
Author: Bastien S; Leshabari MT; Klepp KI
Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2009;8(2):213-222.
Abstract: A structured face-to-face interview was completed by 993 young people out of school, between the ages of 13 and 18, in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; additionally, the questionnaire was self-administered by 1,007 students attending either their last year of primary or first year of secondary school. Significant factors associated with the frequency of exposure to HIV/AIDS information and frequency of communication about HIV/AIDS included urban/rural location, sex, socio-economic status, and educational attainment. Both groups ranked the radio as the most frequent source of HIV/AIDS information. The in-school group reported significantly more frequent exposure to all sources of HIV/AIDS information, and they communicated more frequently about the topic than did the out-of-school group. The in-school group gave high credibility ratings to medical doctors, the radio, and parents as sources of information, whereas the out-of-school group attributed the most credibility to the mass media. Irrespective of school attendance, the young people ranked friends, parents, and doctors as preferred communicators of sexual and reproductive health information.
Language: English
Keywords:
TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTHS | STUDENTS | HIV INFECTIONS | INFORMATION SOURCES | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | INTERVIEWS | KNOWLEDGE | MASS MEDIA | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Education | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Information | Communication | Data Collection | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 339889

Title: Male perceptions on female sterilization: a community-based study in rural central India.
Author: Char A; Saavala M; Kulmala T
Source: International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Sep;35(3):131-138.
Abstract: CONTEXT: Use of modern contraceptive methods has increased fourfold in India since the 1970s, characterized by a predominance of female sterilization. There has been considerable investigation about women's choice of female sterilization, but little from the male perspective. METHODS: Seven focus group discussions were conducted among 58 men currently married to women aged 15-45, followed by a cross-sectional survey among 793 men currently married to same-aged women. Bivariate analysis was used for the survey data, and content analysis was used for the qualitative data. RESULTS: Men's primary source of reproductive health information was mass media, although they expressed interest in getting information through discussion with knowledgeable sources. Men understood family planning and contraception to be two separate issues: Men viewed "family planning" as synonymous with female sterilization, whereas they saw "contraception" as referring to spacing methods, knowledge of which was limited. Thirty-four percent of men reported that their wives had been sterilized; 79% of men who did not rely on any permanent method said they wanted their wives to be sterilized. In focus group discussions, most men reported themselves as their family's sole decision maker about reproductive health; however, only one-third of survey respondents did so. CONCLUSION: Men are interested in acquiring family planning information, but lack knowledge about available information sources, which hampers their ability to make informed family planning choices. Family planning service providers and program planners need to be aware of males' knowledge and perceptions pertaining to family planning, and make appropriate modifications to communication strategies.
Spanish Abstract: Contexto: El uso de m�todos anticonceptivos modernos se ha cuadruplicado en India desde los a�os setenta y se ha caracterizado por el predominio de la esterilizaci�n femenina. Ha habido considerables esfuerzos de investigaci�n sobre la elecci�n de la esterilizaci�n femenina que hacen las mujeres, pero existen pocos estudios desde la perspectiva masculina. M�todos: Siete sesiones de grupos focales se condujeron con 58 hombres actualmente casados con mujeres en edades de 15-45 a�os, seguidas por una encuesta transversal aplicada a 793 hombres actualmente casados con mujeres del mismo grupo de edad. Se us� an�lisis bivariado para los datos de la encuesta y an�lisis de contenido para los datos cualitativos. Resultados: Para los hombres, la fuente primaria de informaci�n sobre salud reproductiva fue los medios masivos, aunque ellos expresaron inter�s en obtener informaci�n a trav�s de charlas con gente informada en el tema. Los hombres encuestados entendieron la planificaci�n familiar y la anticoncepci�n como dos temas separados: los hombres percibieron la "planificaci�n familiar" como sin�nimo de esterilizaci�n femenina, mientras que se refirieron a la "anticoncepci�n" como m�todos de espaciamiento, cuyo conocimiento fue limitado. Treinta y cuatro por ciento de los hombres reportaron que sus esposas hab�an sido esterilizadas; 79% de los hombres que no depend�an de alg�n m�todo permanente dijeron que quer�an que sus esposas fueran esterilizadas. En las sesiones de grupo, la mayor�a de los hombres se identific� como el �nico tomador de decisiones en su familia respecto a la salud reproductiva; sin embargo, solamente un tercio de los hombres encuestados se identific� de esa forma. Conclusi�n: Los hombres est�n interesados en obtener informaci�n sobre planificaci�n familiar, pero desconocen las fuentes disponibles que pueden consultar, lo cual limita su capacidad para tomar decisiones informadas sobre planificaci�n familiar. Los prestadores de servicios y planificadores de programas de planificaci�n familiar deben estar conscientes del conocimiento y percepciones de los hombres en relaci�n con la planificaci�n familiar, y realizar las modificaciones apropiadas a sus estrategias de comunicaci�n.
French Abstract: Contexte: La pratique de la contraception moderne a quadrupl� en Inde depuis les ann�es 1970. Elle se caract�rise par une pr�dominance de la st�rilisation f�minine. De nombreuses �tudes ont �t� men�es sur le choix f�minin de la st�rilisation. La perspective masculine n'est en revanche gu�re connue. M�thodes: Sept r�unions de groupe ont �t� organis�es avec 58 hommes mari�s � des femmes de 15 � 45 ans. Une enqu�te transversale a ensuite �t� men�e aupr�s de 793 hommes mari�s � des femmes de la m�me tranche d'�ge. L'analyse bivari�e a �t� utilis�e pour les donn�es d'enqu�te, et l'analyse de contenu pour les donn�es qualitatives. R�sultats: Pour les hommes, les m�dias repr�sentent la principale source d'information sur la sant� g�n�sique. Ils expriment cependant un certain int�r�t � s'informer par discussion aupr�s de sources comp�tentes. Les hommes voient dans la planification familiale et la contraception deux questions distinctes: la �planification familiale� est pour eux synonyme de st�rilisation f�minine, tandis que la �contraception� d�signe les m�thodes d'espacement, au sujet desquelles ils ne sont gu�re inform�s. Trente-quatre pour cent des hommes ont d�clar� que leur femme �tait st�rilis�e; 79% de ceux qui n'avaient pas eu recours � une m�thode permanente ont indiqu� d�sirer que leur femme se fasse st�riliser. Lors des discussions de groupe, la plupart des hommes se sont d�clar�s les seuls d�cideurs de leur famille en mati�re de sant� g�n�sique, par rapport � un tiers seulement des r�pondants � l'enqu�te. Conclusion: Les hommes d�sirent s'informer sur la planification familiale mais ils ignorent les sources d'information disponibles, ce qui entrave leur aptitude � op�rer des choix �clair�s en la mati�re. Les prestataires de services et les planifi- cateurs de programmes de planification familiale doivent �tre sensibles aux connaissances et aux perceptions masculines et ajuster en cons�quence leurs strat�gies de communication.
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | MEN | CURRENTLY MARRIED | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PERCEPTION | FEMALE STERILIZATION | INFORMATION SOURCES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Information
Document Number: 343003

Title: Premarital romantic partnerships: attitudes and sexual experiences of youth in Delhi, India.
Author: Hindin J; Hindin MJ
Source: International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Jun;35(2):97-104.
Abstract: Attitudes toward and behavior within romantic partnerships were examined using data collected in 2004 from unmarried youth (583 males and 475 females, ages 15�19) living in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods in Delhi, India. Associations between specific attitudes or behaviors and age, gender, and sexual experience were determined using Fisher's exact tests. Sixty-two percent of males and 53% of females reported that someone of the opposite sex had expressed an interest in them; 86% of males and 63% of females reported feeling good about it. In addition, 67% of males and 47% of females reported that they liked someone of the opposite sex. Compared with females, males were more likely to seek information about the person they were interested in (76% vs. 61%), and to engage in heterosexual premarital sex (32% vs. 6%). Females were less likely than males to report that it is okay to engage in premarital sex if the male and female love one another (14% vs. 33%). For both males and females, television and films were the most popular source of information on issues related to sexual health. Gender disparities in the formation of premarital romantic partnerships and in the experience of sexual relations make a strong case for sexuality education programs tailored differently for young men and for young women.
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | YOUTH | LOW INCOME POPULATION | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | SEX FACTORS | INFORMATION SOURCES | FILM AND VIDEO | TELEVISION | INTERVIEWS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Information | Mass Media | Communication | Broadcast Media | Data Collection
Document Number: 339892

Title: Use of the internet by patients attending specialist clinics in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study.
Author: Kommalage M
Source: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. 2009;9:12.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The internet is a relatively new medium of disseminating health information. Studies on Internet usage for health information are mainly done in developed countries and very few studies have been carried out in developing countries. METHODS: The Internet usage of patients who were attending specialist clinics in Teaching Hospital Karapitiya and Southern Hospital in Galle, Sri Lanka was investigated. The study was carried out on the following specialities; General Medicine, Pediatrics, General Surgery and Cardiothoracic surgery. Information was collected using an investigator-administered questionnaire while patients were waiting for a consultation. RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty five patients (or guardians in the Pediatric clinic) participated in the study. One hundred seventy two (48.3%) participants have heard about the Internet. There was a relationship between awareness of the Internet and age, educational level and the clinic attended. There was no difference of awareness depending on the gender or the hospital. Only three participants (0.97%) have used the Internet to find information about their disease conditions. Close relatives searched the Internet about the conditions of two participants. Altogether, the Internet was used to search information on the disease condition of five participants (1.4%). CONCLUSION: Very low usage of the Internet for health information retrieval in this study is probably due to low awareness of the Internet and low educational level. This low usage of Internet and the associated reasons shown in this study can be generalized to Sri Lanka and probably to other low-income countries that have lower educational level than Sri Lanka.
Language: English
Keywords:
SRI LANKA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | TARGET POPULATION | INTERNET | INFORMATION SOURCES | AGE FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | CLINIC ACTIVITIES | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | HEALTH EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Program Design | Programs | Organization and Administration | Information Networks | Communication | Information | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Program Activities | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Education
Document Number: 331071

6.
Title: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of reproductive behavior in Iranian minor thalassemia couples.
Author: Kosaryan M; Vahidshahi K; Siami R; Nazari M; Karami H; Ehteshami S
Source: Saudi Medical Journal. 2009 Jun;30(6):835-9.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of reproductive behavior in Iranian minor thalassemia couples in Ghaemshahr City, Mazandaran, Iran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive survey conducted in 2006. Birth rates from 1997-2005 and the number of newly registered patients from at risk couples was recorded. Tools for data collection were a valid questionnaire containing epidemiologic characteristics of couples, knowledge (20 questions), attitude 20 statements, and practice by studying the family file in health centers. Questionnaires were completed by husband and wife separately. Actual versus expected numbers of patients born in that period were compared. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 13.00, and p<0.05 was interpreted as significant. RESULTS: Of the 240 at risk couples, 100 were studied. Of them, 82% had good knowledge of thalassemia, and 68.5% had a positive attitude toward thalassemia prevention program. Correlations of knowledge with attitude were significant (p<0.001), and 50% of the couples had unfavorable practice including unplanned pregnancy, fetal abortion without prenatal diagnosis (PND), delivery without PND, and having a child affected by thalassemia major (TM). Without PND, 4 TM patients were born. Ninety-eight episodes of unfavorable practice were reported. Meanwhile, the contraceptive method used by 12% of couples was unsafe. Suspected TM patients with no prevention program were 25; thus, the birth of 2 TM was prevented (92% reduction). CONCLUSION: We achieved great success during the last 9 years in the region, and TM prevention program improved knowledge, attitude, and practice in high-risk couples and carrier families.
Language: English
Keywords:
IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | COUPLES | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | HEREDITARY DISEASES | GENETIC COUNSELING | SCREENING | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | ABORTION | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | INFORMATION SOURCES | Middle East | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Counseling | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postconception | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Information
Document Number: 342635 Notification

Peer Reviewed

Title: HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, sources and perceived need among senior high school students: a cross-sectional study in China.
Author: Li S; Huang H; Xu G; Cai Y; Shi R; Shen X
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Aug;20(8):561-5.
Abstract: A total of 2,668 senior high school students, ages approximately 15�24 years, participated in a self-administered questionnaire. Information was collected on their knowledge about HIV and other sexually transmitted infections as well as their sources of information and perceived information need. Approximately 6.8% had a low level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS, 29.6% had a moderate level, and 63.7% had a high level. The most important information sources were, in rank order, TV/video (72.1%), school heath education curriculum (51.8%), and reading materials (45.7%). About half of the students confirmed a need for more information.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | KNOWLEDGE | INFORMATION SOURCES | NEEDS | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | Information | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors
Document Number: 342219

8.
Title: Contraceptive practices and sexual initiation among young people in three Brazilian State capitals. Praticas contraceptivas e iniciacao sexual entre jovens de tres capitais brasileiras.
Author: Marinho LF; Aquino EM; de Almeida M
Source: Cadernos Saude Publica. 2009;25(Sup 2):S227-S239.
Abstract: This study investigated contraceptive use during first sexual intercourse among 2,790 young men and women. Researchers used the GRAVAD household survey to interview a probabilistic sample in three Brazilian capital cities. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used. The prevalence of contraceptive use was 68.3% for women and 65.3% for men. Among women, contraception use was associated with per capita monthly family income, color/race, and the use of women's magazines as a source of information on pregnancy and contraception. For both genders, use was more frequent when partners discussed pregnancy prevention before intercourse, when sexual initiation was delayed and in a motel, and when the partner was patient. The interval between the start of the relationship and sexual initiation appeared to be associated with use during first sex for men.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | YOUTH | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | FIRST INTERCOURSE | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | INFORMATION SOURCES | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Information | Interpersonal Relations
Document Number: 339906

Title: Study of awareness among pregnant women of the effects of drugs on the fetus and mother in Iran.
Author: Mashayekhi SO; Dilmaghanizadeh M; Fardiazar Z; Bamdad-Moghadam R; Ghandforoush-Sattari F
Source: Health Policy. 2009 Jun;91(1):89-93.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the awareness of Iranian pregnant women about the effects of drugs in pregnancy. METHODS: Awareness of 400 women in postnatal and prenatal wards was assessed using self-completion questionnaire, which included demographic information, medication use, and the level of information regarding the safety of drugs during pregnancy and the most susceptible periods in pregnancy. RESULTS: Out of 400 participants from prenatal and postnatal wards of two hospitals, 19.0% used medications other than vitamins and minerals supplements during pregnancy, and 7% believed in the safety of medications for mother and/or fetus during pregnancy. The first and second trimesters were believed to be the most and the least susceptible periods of pregnancy, respectively. Most information on drugs safety in pregnancy was obtained from physicians and health centers. CONCLUSIONS: Present study indicates weaknesses in the awareness of this population and weak role of pharmacists in informing this vulnerable population. This study shows the requirement of training of this group of people in order to enhance the health of our community.
Language: English
Keywords:
IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | PREGNANT WOMEN | FETUS | DRUGS | SIDE EFFECTS | SAFETY | AWARENESS | QUESTIONNAIRES | INFORMATION SOURCES | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Middle East | Developing Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Public Health | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Information | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 342378

10.
Title: Emergency contraception - knowledge in medical students [letter]
Author: Sharma JB; Bahadur A; Chadha S; Mehta S; Mittal S
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2009 Mar;63(3):115-7.
Abstract: Emergency contraception (EC) is a method of contraception that can be used to prevent pregnancy after an unprotected act of sexual intercourse. Recent multicentric and WHO sponsored studies have found a dose of 0.75 mg of levonorgestrel (LNG) repeated 12 hours after the first dose and within 72 hours of exposure as the preferred method of contraception, being more effective and much better tolerated than Yuzpe regimen, which contained high doses of estrogen and progesterone. At present LNG-only regimen has become the first progesterone only tablet especially developed for post-coital contraception and is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and the Drug Controller of India LNG-ECP is available as a 2-pill pack, each tablet containing 0.75 mg of LNG, and can be used as a 2-dose regimen preferably within 72 hours but not later than 120 hours of exposure. It can also be used as a single dose (1.5 mg LNG) within 72 hours but not later than 120 hours of exposure. It has been made available as an over-the-counter drug for popularizing it and is also available free of cost in most government hospitals. We conducted this open-ended questionnaire survey which was pre-validated over 100 medical students [31 interns, 61 fourth professional and 8 third professional] of Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, to assess their knowledge on various aspects of emergency contraception as per a fixed questionnaire. In this medical college, obstetricians and gynecologists were taught about contraception, including emergency contraception, in the third and fourth professionals. A total of 130 interns and fourth and third professional students were requested to participate, of which 100 (76.92%) agreed to participate and 30 did not participate due to lack of time or were not interested. Age of participants was between 21 and 24 years. Out of the 100 participants, 64 were boys; and 36, girls. They were asked about the knowledge of EC, source of knowledge of EC, including their knowledge about the best method of EC, method licensed by the Government of India for EC, dosage and free availability of EC, its cost and also their opinion about popularizing EC among the general population. ...The current study clearly shows that though the medical students were aware of EC, there is still lack of awareness of LNG being the right drug for EC, its dosage and regimen and various other aspects of EC amongst medical students in a well-known teaching hospital of Delhi. The awareness is bound to be even poorer in medical students of remote regions. Questionnaires and surveys have been used to know the views of doctors and patients, and important data have been collected by their use about their knowledge of various aspects of obstetrics and gynecology, including emergency contraceptives and urogynecology. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MEDICAL STUDENTS | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | KNOWLEDGE | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | TIME FACTORS | COUNSELING | INFORMATION SOURCES | PRICES | MASS MEDIA | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Students | Education | Contraception | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Information | Commerce | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication
Document Number: 331006

11.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The impact of social capital on HIV-related actions as mediated by personal and proxy efficacies in Namibia.
Author: Smith RA; Rimal R
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Feb;13(1):133-144.
Abstract: Social capital is associated with the enactment of positive health behaviors and health outcomes because it provides people a means to cope with life's stresses. This study asked whether, and to what extent, efficacy beliefs serve as mediating mechanism in the relationship between social capital and HIV-prevention behaviors, and if it is differentially associated with HIV-prevention behaviors that are aligned on a continuum ranging from individual action (practicing monogamy) to collective action (use of HIV services). In an investigation with a sample from Gobabis, Namibia (N = 300), regression models revealed that bonding, bridging, and linking social capital differentially predicted personal and proxy efficacy. In addition, both social capital variables and types of efficacy differentially predicted HIV-related behaviors and intentions that varied in their social demand. Our findings did not support a mediation model for efficacy in between social capital and HIV-related behaviors and intentions.
Language: English
Keywords:
NAMIBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | HIV | MORBIDITY | HUMAN CAPITAL | KNOWLEDGE | PARTICIPATION | STRESS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | INFORMATION SOURCES | CONDOM USE | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | SEX BEHAVIOR | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Information | Risk Reduction Behavior | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 330153

12.

13.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Understanding contraceptive failure.
Author: Trussell J
Source: Best Practice and Research: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2009 Apr;23(2):199-209.
Abstract: Contraceptive failure is a major source of unintended pregnancy. This chapter will review sources of data and measurement of contraceptive failure, summarize results from the literature on the risks of contraceptive failure during typical and perfect use for available methods of contraception, provide a tool for communicating risks of contraceptive failure to clients, examine determinants of contraceptive failure, and identify methodological pitfalls in the published literature.
Language: English
Keywords:
LITERATURE REVIEW | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | EVALUATION | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | INFORMATION SOURCES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | RISK ASSESSMENT | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | TIME FACTORS | RISK FACTORS | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Information | Communication | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health
Document Number: 341505

14.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Evaluation of HIV/AIDS secondary school peer education in rural Nigeria.
Author: van der Maas F; Otte WM
Source: Health Education Research. 2009;24(4):547-557.
Abstract: The authors assessed whether peer education is an effective method of HIV/AIDS awareness-in terms of knowledge, misconceptions, and behavior-among adolescents in rural Nigeria. A comparative case series (n = 250), cross-sectional structured survey (n = 135), and focus group discussions (n = 80) were undertaken among adolescents. In both the case series and structured survey, a questionnaire was used that addressed the following issues: sociodemography, knowledge on transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS, accessibility to different sources of HIV/AIDS information, stigmatization, and sexual behavior. Binary logistic regression was applied to compare responses from the peer-educated and not peer-educated populations. The model was adjusted for confounders. The authors demonstrated increased knowledge and decreased misconceptions and sexual risk behavior in adolescents receiving peer education as compared to adolescents not receiving peer education. These differences are apparent both over time (2005-2007) and cross-sectional (2007). In conclusion, peer education in rural areas can be effective in HIV/AIDS prevention. Knowledge and behavior can be influenced positively.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | FOCUS GROUPS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | PEER EDUCATORS | RURAL POPULATION | ADOLESCENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | HEALTH EDUCATION | SEX EDUCATION | KNOWLEDGE | HIV TRANSMISSION | INFORMATION SOURCES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Education | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Information
Document Number: 341489

15.

Title: Sources of information and health beliefs related to SARS and avian influenza among Chinese communities in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands, compared to the general population in these countries.
Author: Voeten HA; de Zwart O; Veldhuijzen IK; Yuen C; Jiang X; Elam G; Abraham T; Brug J
Source: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2009;16(1):49-57.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Ethnic minorities in Europe such as the Chinese may need a special strategy with regard to risk communication about emerging infectious diseases. To engage them in precautionary actions, it is important to know their information sources, knowledge, and health beliefs. PURPOSE: This study's purpose is to study the use of information sources, knowledge, and health beliefs related to SARS and avian flu of Chinese people in the UK and The Netherlands, and to make comparisons with the general population in these countries. METHOD: Results of a self-administered questionnaire among 300 British/Dutch Chinese were compared to data obtained from a computer-assisted phone survey among the general population (n = 800). RESULTS: British/Dutch Chinese got most information about emerging diseases from family and friends, followed by Chinese media and British/Dutch TV. They had less confidence than general groups in their doctor, government agencies, and consumer/patient interest groups. Their knowledge of SARS was high. They had a lower perceived threat than general populations with regard to SARS and avian flu due to a lower perceived severity. They had higher self-efficacy beliefs regarding SARS and avian flu. CONCLUSION: In case of new outbreaks of SARS/avian flu in China, local authorities in the UK and The Netherlands can best reach Chinese people through informal networks and British/Dutch TV, while trying to improve confidence in information from the government. In communications, the severity of the disease rather than the susceptibility appears to need most attention.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | NETHERLANDS | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | FOCUS GROUPS | ETHNIC GROUPS | INFLUENZA | VIRAL DISEASES | INFORMATION SOURCES | KNOWLEDGE | BELIEFS | PERCEPTION | MASS MEDIA | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Information | Sociocultural Factors | Culture | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Communication
Document Number: 342004

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Survey of motivation for use of voluntary counseling and testing services for HIV in a high risk area of Shenyang, China.
Author: Zhou L; Guo J; Fan L; Tian J; Zhou B
Source: BMC Health Services Research. 2009;9:23.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is considered an effective prevention method of HIV infection. In order to understand the VCT environment and enhance the effective delivery of VCT services in a country, an accurate assessment of the current status of VCT services is very important. METHODS: From July 2006 to June 2007, we conducted a cross-sectional survey using a face to face interview among 2676 VCT clients from a high risk area in Shenyang city, China. RESULTS: The major demographic characteristics among 2,676 VCT clients were: 41.1% were in the age range 20 to 30 years; 73.1% were males; and 67.1% had attained the level of junior high school education. The primary information source for VCT services was mass media like television (TV) and newspaper in 88.9%. 34.3% were afraid of the result of infection which was the main barrier to accept VCT services among 540 participants answering the question. 75.2% were motivated by recently acquired knowledge about HIV. 47.9% had 3 or more male sex partners, 62.3% had used condoms sometimes, and 14.5% had been infected with a STD. 2.8% of the participants identified themselves as men who have sex with men (MSM). The main demographic characteristics of MSM did not differ from the total group of participants except with respect to age: 63.5% reported having one male sex partner in the preceding 12 months, 44.6% reported never using condoms in the preceding 12 months, and only 2.7% reported a history of sexually transmitted disease. CONCLUSION: Public education offered by health workers in hospitals, private clinics and other medical institutions needs to be strengthened. Given the results from this study, we recommend: (1) making VCT a routine part of health services, especially in areas where many high-risk individuals live; (2) improving the information sources and increasing the understanding of HIV and HIV-infected individuals; (3) enhancing international collaboration in strategic planning, technical assistance, and protocols to translate policy into effective action; (4) supporting Chinese non-government organizations (NGOs) in playing a significant role in the battle against AIDS.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | MOTIVATION | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | MASS MEDIA | INFORMATION SOURCES | FEAR | KNOWLEDGE | CONDOM USE | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Sexual Partners | Psychological Factors | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Communication | Information | Emotions | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior
Document Number: 330989

17.
Peer Reviewed

Title: [Emergency contraception knowledge among students in Medical University of Plovdiv]
Source: Akusherstvo I Ginekologiia. 2008;47(4):23-7.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge on emergency contraception (EC) by the students in Medical University of Plovdiv. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. Data was collected from 200 students from University of Plovdiv (Bulgaria) by a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS: One-hundred seventy-seven (85.5%) of participants respond that they are aware about EC as a method for preventing unwanted pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse. The main source for information is public media. Women are more informed than men; there is no difference in knowledge in the beginning and at the end of the study. A big part of the students have used EC. CONCLUSIONS: Students from Medical University are well informed about EC which is due mainly to media. In order to improve awareness and knowledge on the matter changes in teaching process are needed and also spreading of accurate information through medical and informational sources.
Language: Bulgarian
Keywords:
BULGARIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PARTICIPATION | WOMEN | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | KNOWLEDGE | INFORMATION SOURCES | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Social Behavior | Behavior | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Schools | Contraception | Family Planning | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Sociocultural Factors | Information
Document Number: 330324

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: An end to secrecy [editorial]
Source: Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):566.
Abstract: As part of a special collection of articles on HIV, this week's issue contains a Feature by Linqi Zhang of Tsinghua University in Beijing and his colleagues on the status of HIV in southern China (see page 609). Their conclusions are alarming: HIV prevalence is no longer confined to high-risk groups such as those who inject themselves with drugs, but is now seeping into the general population. Some of the most rapid increases are among men in same-sex relationships. Moreover, the findings confirm what veteran outside-observers of China and those concerned with HIV globally have long suspected: patterns of infection in southern China are similar to those in other developing countries - especially those experiencing large-scale migration from rural areas to cities, which provides men and women with more opportunities for sex. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | CRITIQUE | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | POLICYMAKERS | HIV INFECTIONS | HIV PREVENTION | PREVALENCE | STATISTICS | INFORMATION SOURCES | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Measurement | Information | Communication
Document Number: 329091

19.

20.

21.

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24.

Title: A systematic review of trend studies of women seeking termination of pregnancy.
Author: Abigail W; Power C
Source: Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2008 Nov;17(22):2951-62.
Abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This article reports a systematic review of trend studies (1995-2006) which answers five questions: What are the patterns of: 1 Age of women seeking termination of pregnancy; 2 First ever pregnancy ending in a termination; 3 Contraception usage at the time of conception; 4 Contraception chosen immediately postoperatively; and 5 Referral sources to termination of pregnancy services. BACKGROUND: Fertility patterns are changing and there is evidence to indicate that the numbers of older women conceiving for the first time are increasing. At the same time, there are new methods of contraception widely available. Little is known about the implications of these changes on termination patterns. DESIGN: An extensive electronic search of databases such as CINAHL, MEDLINE In-Process (OVID) and was conducted from January 1995-June 2006 for trend studies in pregnancy terminations. METHODS: Articles chosen were based on trend studies greater than five years, contained primary quantitative research and official government statistical reports. RESULTS: Results of the search showed age that was unable to be compared because of the many variations in measurements and time periods, and there was only limited research worldwide of trends in contraception at the time of conception in relation to a termination of pregnancy. Additionally, there were no studies worldwide in the past 11 years, which specifically examined trends in the characteristics of the number of first-ever pregnancies which ended in a termination, contraception choices postoperative to a termination of pregnancy, or referral source to a termination of pregnancy provider. CONCLUSION: Little is reported in the literature on trends in the five characteristics related to pregnancy termination. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Evidence about the changing patterns of women seeking pregnancy termination is needed to inform policy and practice, and to ensure that health promotion strategies are underpinned by accurate information that reflects the needs of the populations of women in relation to their reproductive health.
Language: English
Keywords:
AUSTRALIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN | ABORTION | NURSES AND NURSING | AGE FACTORS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | INFORMATION SOURCES | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | Developed Countries | Oceania | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Characteristics | Contraception | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Information
Document Number: 330073 Notification

25.

Title: Violence against women and girls: a compendium of monitoring and evaluation indicators.
Author: Bloom SS
Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, MEASURE Evaluation, 2008 Oct. 250 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-A-00-03-00003-00)
Abstract: MEASURE Evaluation and a technical advisory group developed this compendium for program managers, organizations, and policy-makers who are working to address violence against women and girls at the individual, community, district/provincial and national levels in developing countries. Indicators were developed to measure the following areas within VAW/G: Magnitude and characteristics of different forms of VAW/G (skewed sex rations, intimate partner violence, violence from someone other than an intimate partner, female genital cutting/mutilation and child marriage); Programs addressing VAW/G by sector (health, education, justice/security, social welfare); and Under-documented forms of VAW/G and emerging areas (humanitarian emergencies, trafficking in persons, femicide), and preventing VAW/G (youth, community mobilization, working with men and boys) The indicators can also be used by programs that may not specifically focus on VAW/G, but include reducing levels of VAW/G as part of their aims. The indicators have been designed to address information needs that can be assessed with quantitative methods to measure program performance and achievement at the community, regional and national levels. While many of the indicators have been used in the field, they have not necessarily been tested in multiple settings.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | EVALUATION INDEXES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CHILD, FEMALE | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | MONITORING | USAID | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | PROGRAM EVALUATION | FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING | INFORMATION SOURCES | SEX RATIO | CHILD MARRIAGE | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Harmful Traditional Practices | Traditional Health Practices | Culture | Information | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality
Document Number: 329558

26.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Reproductive health information for young women in Kazakhstan: disparities in access by channel.
Author: Buckley C; Barrett J; Adkins K
Source: Journal of Health Communication. 2008 Oct-Nov;13(7):681-97.
Abstract: This study explores young women's reliance on reproductive and sexual health information channels, examining the relationship between information sources and reproductive health knowledge. Utilizing 1995 and 1999 Kazakhstan Demographic and Health Surveys, we investigate access to reproductive health knowledge among young women (ages 15-24) during a key period in the development of wide-scale reproductive health programs in Kazakhstan. Despite reproductive health campaigns throughout the 1990s, we find consistently high proportions of young women without family planning information access. Among young women with access to information, few received information from channels most strongly linked to knowledge and behavioral changes (family and medical professionals). Mass media sources and peer information networks remained the most often utilized channels. Urban residence, non-Kazakh ethnicity, older age (20-24), and higher education significantly increased the odds of accessing family planning information among young Kazakhstani women, and these same factors were especially important in terms of the relative odds of accessing medical and parental channels. While overall contraceptive knowledge and prevalence rose in Kazakhstan during the 1990s, we find knowledge varied by the information channel accessed. Findings also indicate that young women, regardless of marital status, possessed consistently low levels of reproductive health knowledge at the decade's end.
Language: English
Keywords:
KAZAKHSTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | HEALTH SURVEYS | WOMEN | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | KNOWLEDGE | INFORMATION SOURCES | Developing Countries | Asia, Central | Asia | Health | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Information
Document Number: 330159

27.

Title: Reproductive health for refugees by refugees in Guinea II: sexually transmitted infections.
Author: Chen MI; von Roenne A; Souare Y; von Roenne F; Ekirapa A
Source: Conflict and Health. 2008 Oct 23;2(14):1-7.
Abstract: Background: Providing reproductive and sexual health services is an important and challenging aspect of caring for displaced populations, and preventive and curative sexual health services may play a role in reducing HIV transmission in complex emergencies. From 1995, the non-governmental "Reproductive Health Group" (RHG) worked amongst refugees displaced by conflicts in Sierra Leone and Liberia (1989-2004). RHG recruited refugee nurses and midwives to provide reproductive and sexual health services for refugees in the Forest Region of Guinea, and trained refugee women as lay health workers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 1999 to assess sexual health needs, knowledge and practices among refugees, and the potential impact of RHG's work. Methods: Trained interviewers administered a questionnaire on self-reported STI symptoms, and sexual health knowledge, attitudes and practices to 445 men and 444 women selected through multistage stratified cluster sampling. Chi-squared tests were used where appropriate. Multivariable logistic regression with robust standard errors (to adjust for the cluster sampling design) was used to assess if factors such as source of information about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was associated with better knowledge. Results: 30% of women and 24% of men reported at least one episode of genital discharge and/or genital ulceration within the past 12 months. Only 25% correctly named all key symptoms of STIs in both sexes. Inappropriate beliefs (e.g. that swallowing tablets before sex, avoiding public toilets, and/or washing their genitals after sex protected against STIs) were prevalent. Respondents citing RHG facilitators as their information source were more likely to respond correctly about STIs; RHG facilitators were more frequently cited than non-healthcare information sources in men who correctly named the key STI symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 5.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-13.9), and in men and women who correctly identified effective STI protection methods (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.5-5.8 and OR = 4.6, 95% CI 1.6-13.2 respectively). Conclusion: Our study revealed a high prevalence of STI symptoms, and gaps in sexual health knowledge in this displaced population. Learning about STIs from RHG health facilitators was associated with better knowledge. RHG's model could be considered in other complex emergency settings.
Language: English
Keywords:
GUINEA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | REFUGEES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH EDUCATION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | PREVALENCE | INFORMATION SOURCES | KNOWLEDGE | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Education | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Measurement | Information | Sociocultural Factors | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care
Document Number: 340230

28.
Title: Sexual and reproductive health needs of vulnerable youth in Myanmar.
Author: Hla-Soe-Tint; Phyo-Maung-Thaw; Yin-Thet-Nu-Oo; Ko-Ko-Zaw; Than-Tun-Sein; Thein-Tun
Source: Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 2008 Nov;39(6):1126-38.
Abstract: A cross-sectional survey of 56 youth, using participatory research methods, was conducted with the objective to identify the sexual and reproductive health needs among vulnerable youth in Pyin Oo Lwin town in terms of their livelihoods, perceptions about health and health risks, sex practices, perceived health information needs and preferred channels for health information, and visions for their future generation. The results indicated that a majority of young people of both sexes were deficient in knowledge of the locations and functions of reproductive organs. The majority of respondents of both sexes said that their main health concern was AIDS. Pre-marital sex among youth, 16-20 years of age, was identified in our study. Malaria and AIDS were mentioned as information needed by young people. TV and magazines/journals were prioritized as preferred channels of disseminating health messages. Almost all reported that education was the one thing that they wanted for their own children.
Language: English
Keywords:
MYANMAR | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | PERCEPTION | OCCUPATIONS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | INFORMATION SOURCES | HEALTH EDUCATION | ATTITUDES | HIV INFECTIONS | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Evaluation | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Health | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Information | Education | Viral Diseases | Sex Behavior
Document Number: 330335

29.

Peer Reviewed

Title: A population-based survey of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes in general public, Bandar-Abbas, Iran.
Author: Leili S; Elham S; Farkhondeh S
Source: Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2008 Oct-Dec;24(6):838-844.
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, and attitudes of Bandar-Abbas general public about various aspects of HIV/AIDS, Methodology: A random sample of individuals aged 15-64 years were interviewed using a multistage area sampling method. A four section questionnaire was used to measure HIV/AIDS-related attitudes and knowledge. Results: In all, 2123 people participated in the study. The majority of respondents had a relatively poor knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Age and education, were associated with the knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Negative attitudes toward HIV-infected individuals were common. Those with higher education were more positive in their attitudes compared to less educated respondents. "Television" was the main source of information (72.4%) followed by "newspapers and magazines"(51.6%) as stated by the participants. Conclusions: Poor knowledge and negative attitude about AIDS still exist. There should also be a big push to increase teaching efforts in schools. Moreover, educational advisors, physicians and nurses should be active in educating people.
Language: English
Keywords:
IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | AGE FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | INFORMATION SOURCES | Middle East | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Information
Document Number: 341296

30.

Title: Assessing acceptability of parents / guardians of adolescents towards introduction of sex and reproductive health education in schools at Kinondoni Municipal in Dar es Salaam city.
Author: Mbonile L; Kayombo EJ
Source: East African Journal of Public Health. 2008 Apr;5(1):26-31.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess acceptability of parents/guardians of adolescents towards the introduction of sex and reproductive health education in the community and schools. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to get 150 participants for this study. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the sampled participants and was supplemented with guided focus group discussion in Kinondoni Municipality of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The analysis of the findings shows that there is a mixed feeling on the introduction of sex and reproductive health education in schools. Participants strongly supported that they should talk with their adolescents about sexuality and reproductive health (88.6%) but their culture prohibits them from doing so (76.7%). Also supported that condoms could protect against HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (82%), but strongly opposed the use of condoms to their adolescents because it would encourage promiscuity (78%). When the data were analysed by faith of the religions of the participants, 64% were in favour of introducing sex education and reproductive health, but were opposed to use of condoms to their adolescents. All participants were against vijiweni, which were recreation centres for the youths because they taught bad manners to their adolescents. The preferred source of information about sex education and reproductive health should be from the parents/guardians (86%), religious leaders (70%), media (62%), health workers (61%) and school teachers (59%). All in all the will of introduction of sex education and reproductive health in the community is there but the approach need to be worked out carefully by taking into account of the cultural and religious factors. Parents/guardians, religious leaders and traditional charismatic leaders should take part in designing the programme and even being involved in teaching it. The other option is to lump together sex education and reproductive health education in science especially in biology which is already in place in Tanzania education programmes. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS | PARENTS | ATTITUDES | SEX EDUCATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | PROGRAM ACCEPTABILITY | INFORMATION SOURCES |