| 1. Title: E-health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a decade of challenges and achievements. Author: Al-Shorbaji N Source: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2008;14 Suppl:S157-73. Abstract: The World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) has made huge progress in terms of use of information and communication technology (ICT) in the healthcare sector. Despite the late entry of ICT in health in the Region, there have been many impressive developments both as public health applications and in medical care. The article attempts to draw a picture of the current status of e-health applications in the Region with some specific examples of milestones and achievements made. The overall ICT situation and economic factors coupled with the health situation in the Region dictate the state-of-the-art of e-health. Language: English Keywords: MIDDLE EAST | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | WHO | INTERNET | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | TECHNOLOGY | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Economic Factors | Health Document Number: 330596 |
2.  Title: HIV: death sentence or chronic and manageable disease? Changing attitudes of health providers and politicians towards women living with HIV in India. Author: Anand S Source: Exchange on HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Gender. 2008;(2):5-6. Abstract: The Right to Health is universally acknowledged as a human right and Article 21 of the Constitution of India considers it as inherent to the Right to Life. State health-care providers are obliged by law to provide medical treatment to all persons without discrimination of HIV status in emergency and nonemergency situations. A recent assessment by the Positive Women Network (PWN+) on the availability and accessibility of HIV/AIDS care and treatment in India found that health care is greatly influenced by gender and that women and children living with HIV face huge hurdles in accessing treatment and care because of discrimination by government health-care providers. Through focus groups discussions, PWN+ found a discrepancy between the government stance and realities on the ground. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | SUMMARY REPORT | WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | STAFF ATTITUDE | CHANGES | SOCIAL NETWORKS | INFORMATION NETWORKS | HIV | COUNSELING | STIGMA | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Communication | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Social Problems | Program Evaluation Document Number: 308006 |
3.  Peer Reviewed Title: Paradoxes and asymmetries of transnational networks: A comparative case study of Mexico's community-based AIDS organizations. Author: Barnes N Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2008 Feb;66(4):933-944. Abstract: This article examines whether transnational networks reconfigure state - civil society relationships in ways that lead to civil society empowerment and increased organizational capacity to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Mexico. Using a comparative case study, I identify the types of transnational networks and exchanges that both help and hinder community-based HIV/AIDS organizations (CBOs) that provide AIDS prevention and treatment services in Tijuana and Mexico City. Data derive from over 50 formal interviews, organizational documents and archival records, and observation. I argue that the form and function of transnational networks is shaped by the geo-political context of local organizational fields and that, in turn, transnational networks provide innovative opportunities for civil society - state partnerships that favor some local organizations over others. Ultimately, I take apart the prevailing assumption that transnational networks are inherently good, and show how they can (re)produce inter-organizational stratification at the local level. The conclusions of this research are helpful to international health practitioners and social scientists seeking to understand how civil society's participation in transnational networks can both challenge and reproduce existing community-state power regimes and health inequities. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | HIV | AIDS | ORGANIZATIONS | CIVIL SOCIETY | INFORMATION NETWORKS | COORDINATION | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Communication | Organization and Administration Document Number: 324329 |
| 4. Title: Domestic violence surveillance system: A model. Author: Espinosa R; Gutierrez MI; Mena-Munoz JH; Cordoba P Source: Salud Publica de Mexico. 2008;50 Suppl 1:s12-s18. Abstract: The objective was to develop a domestic violence surveillance system. The strategies included implementation of a standard digitalized reporting and analysis system along with advocacy with community decision makers, strengthening inter-institutional attention networks, consultation for constructing internal flow charts, sensitizing and training network teams in charge of providing health care in cases of domestic violence and supporting improved public policy prevention initiatives. A total of 6 893 cases were observed using 2004 and 2005 surveillance system data. The system reports that 80% of the affected were women, followed by 36% children under 14 years. The identified aggressors were mainly females' partners. The system was useful for improving victim services. Findings indicate that significant gains were made in facilitating the attention and treatment of victims of domestic violence, improving the procedural response process and enhancing the quality of information provided to policy-making bodies. (author's) Language: English Keywords: COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | EPIDEMIOLOGY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | RECORDS | INFORMATION NETWORKS | INFORMATION PROCESSING | DATA COLLECTION | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Health | Diseases | Information | Communication | Research Methodology Document Number: 326083 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Information and communications technology for future health systems in developing countries. Author: Lucas H Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2008 May;66(10):2122-2132. Abstract: There has been much discussion of the role that recent advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) could play in improving health systems in developing countries, but limited independent analysis of existing applications. Combining a case study approach with a general discussion of the issues, this paper attempts to assess the potential benefits of a diverse range of ICT innovations and some of the constraints they will need to overcome. Four broad areas are considered: improvements in traditional health information systems; computer-aided diagnosis and treatment monitoring; a range of applications generically labelled 'telemedicine'; and the use of ICT to inform general populations on health and healthcare. The final section speculates on the possible medium-term impacts of ICT in terms of improving the performance of existing systems, allowing scope for radical innovations, or even changing basic assumptions about the provider-patient relationship. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | CRITIQUE | CASE STUDIES | HEALTH PERSONNEL | HEALTH FACILITIES | INFORMATION NETWORKS | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | TECHNOLOGY | Studies | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Communication | Information Processing | Information | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Economic Factors Document Number: 326192 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: The role of state and non-state actors in the policy process: The contribution of policy networks to the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in Thailand. Author: Tantivess S; Walt G Source: Health Policy and Planning. 2008;23(5):328-338. Abstract: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is difficult in poor settings. In 2001, the Thai government adopted the policy to scale-up its treatment initiative to meet the needs of all its people. Employing qualitative approaches, including in-depth interviews, document review and direct observation, this study examines the processes by which the universal ART policy developed between 2001 and 2007, with the focus on the connections between actors who shared common interests-so-called policy networks. Research findings illustrate the crucial contributions of non-state networks in the policy process. The supportive roles of public-civic networks could be observed at every policy stage, and at different levels of the health sector. Although this particular health policy may be unique in case and setting, it does suggest clearly that while the state dominated the policy process initially, non-state actors played extremely important roles. Their contribution was not simply at agenda-setting stages-for example by lobbying government-but in the actual development and implementation of health policy. Further it illustrates that these processes were dynamic, took place over long periods and were not limited to national borders, but extended beyond, to include global actors and processes. (author's) Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | POLICYMAKERS | HIV INFECTIONS | TREATMENT | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | HEALTH POLICY | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV | Programs | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Planning | Communication Document Number: 327982 |
| 7. Title: A guide for fostering change to scale up effective health services. Author: Implementing Best Practices Consortium Source: Cambridge, Massachusetts, Management Sciences for Health [MSH], Leadership, Management, and Sustainability Project [LMS], 2007. [50] p. Abstract: This guide is based on the recognition that change is inevitable for survival and that directed, planned change is essential for improvement. A systematic change process underlies all successes in development, including improved reproductive health. We in the development community have the medical/clinical knowledge, technology, and experience to make substantial improvements in maternal and child health, reproductive health and family planning, HIV/AIDS, and other infectious diseases. We also have the knowledge and approaches to successfully implement and scale up changes in health care practices. The missing link is the connection between these two factors: technical knowledge and the known approaches to successful change. Using evidence-based change practices can significantly increase the chances for success and sustainability as we introduce, adapt, apply, and scale up clinical practices. Everyone working to improve health-whether at international donor, research, or technical agencies, at the national, district, clinic/community, and family levels-is fundamentally in the business of fostering, leading, or implementing change. But not everyone involved in this work has a clear pathway that links proven change practices with evidence-based clinical and programmatic practices. This guide offers one such pathway. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | HEALTH PERSONNEL | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | CAPACITY BUILDING | BEST PRACTICES | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Health | Organization and Administration | Program Sustainability | Programs | Management | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Communication Document Number: 324509 |
| 8. Title: Implementing Best Practices in Reproductive Health. Annual report, 2007. Author: Implementing Best Practices Initiative [IBP] Source: Geneva, Switzerland, IBP, 2007. [26] p. Abstract: Collectively we have brought issues to the table, shared our experiences, and worked together to seek solutions to problems to achieve our common goal of improved reproductive health. An outstanding example of this innovative collaboration is the IBP Knowledge Gateway. As a partnership we have worked to close the knowledge to practice gap. We identified this gap as one of the key factors to address when we first formed the partnership in 1999. Over time our understanding of the issues affecting access to and use of knowledge grew. We began to explore the potential of knowledge management to help address the gap between knowledge and practice. Our exploration of knowledge management was complemented by a review of current literature, and by working with our partners in to identify information needs in the field, and create new strategies to address the knowledge to practice gap. Because of our interest in knowledge management, IBP partners have implemented knowledge sharing strategies designed to enhance access to and use of their resources. For example, the IBP Initiative informed the recommendations made during the Ministerial Summit on Health Research held in Mexico, 2004, which focused on engaging Ministers of Health in discussing how research could strengthen national health systems and on the need to provide better access to knowledge and information in the developing world. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | ANNUAL REPORT | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | BEST PRACTICES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | COORDINATION | POLITICAL FACTORS | INFORMATION NETWORKS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health | Communication | Family Planning | Social Change Document Number: 323004 |
| 9. Title: Co-constructing local meanings for child health indicators in community-based information systems: The UThukela District Child Survival Project in KwaZulu-Natal. Author: Byrne E; Gregory J Source: International Journal of Medical Informatics. 2007 Jun;76 Suppl 1:S78-S88. Abstract: In changing the context regarding the situation of vulnerable children in rural South Africa, understanding the role of communication in the design of community-based child health information systems (HIS) is key. Communication goes beyond language. The importance of translation of terms and concepts used to negotiate between different meanings and logics is explored in this paper. In striving for the 'ideal speech situation' [J. Habermas, Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1989], or, in other words, creating an enabling environment in which people can participate in debate and discussion on equal terms, there is a need to develop a codetermined vision; to understand local meanings of and for childhood illness; to understand communication systems and the context in which they occur; and to connect with networks beyond the localised setting, such as provincial or national health authorities. We provide a theoretical and practical framework in which important aspects of communication related to IS design can be highlighted and against which the implementation of an IS can be reviewed. The South African case study from the UThukela District Child Survival Project in KwaZulu-Natal, illustrates how this approach was used in co-constructing local meanings for child health indicators in a community-based information system. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RURAL AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | CHILDREN | COMMUNITY | HEALTH PERSONNEL | CHILD SURVIVAL | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Communication Document Number: 317595 |
| 10. Title: HIV / AIDS messages in Malawi and their implications for effective responses. Author: Houston V; Hovorka A Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2007;6(3):205-214. Abstract: This paper explores the nature of HIV/AIDS education and information networks in Malawi, with a focus on Dedza district. We consider the role of institutional and personal actors involved in Malawi's recently instated and decentralised behaviour-change intervention strategy, as well as the form and function of interpersonal social networks that mediate this information. The research reveals that the organisational capacity of actors and the conflicting messages regarding promotion of condom use may prevent Malawi from achieving a coordinated and effective decentralised response to the HIV epidemic. The research shows that individuals draw on complex interpersonal social networks, often processing mixed messages regarding HIV prevention strategies and receiving negative messages regarding condom use. The paper discusses the implications of such inconsistencies and conflicts with actors, interpersonal social networks and the nature of the messages themselves for HIV/AIDS education in Malawi. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | SOCIAL NETWORKS | HIV PREVENTION | HEALTH EDUCATION | INFORMATION NETWORKS | DECENTRALIZATION | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | CONDOM USE | PROMOTION | COORDINATION | DECISION MAKING | SEX EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Education | Communication | Political Factors | Behavior Change | Behavior | Communication Programs | Risk Reduction Behavior | Marketing | Economic Factors | Organization and Administration Document Number: 323309 |
| 11. Title: Construction of HMI network system for individualized maternity intervention service against birth defects in community. Author: Hu XH Source: Journal of Reproduction and Contraception. 2007 Jun;18(2):163-172. Abstract: The paper expounds the community maternity service system against birth defects, from the viewpoint of individualized service in family planning. We have utilized modern information technology to develop health management information (HMI) network with individualized maternity, and to establish the community service system for intervention of birth defects. The service system applied the concept of modern health management information to implementing informational management for screening, treatment, following up, outcome monitoring, so as to provide a base for promotion of health, diagnosis, treatment as well as scientific research, with the prenatal screening of Down's syndrome as a model. The introduction to informational network during the processes of service has been carried out with regards to its composition, function and application, while introducing the effects of computerized case record individualized in prevention, management and research of Down s syndrome. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREGNANT WOMEN | ANTENATAL CARE | BIRTH DEFECTS | HEALTH SERVICES | MANAGEMENT | SCREENING | TREATMENT | INFORMATION NETWORKS | INTERVENTIONS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Diseases | Organization and Administration | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Communication | Programs Document Number: 308503 |
| 12. Title: Global alliance for nurses and midwives. Author: McCartney PR Source: American Journal of Maternal / Child Nursing. 2007 Nov;32(6):383. Abstract: Telecommunications connect the world in unprecedented ways! Today, the Internet is the tool for truly global collaboration to promote human development. Maternal-child health nurses who were formerly isolated in their own practices can now meet, share, and strategize in online virtual communities. I want to tell readers about a list that empowers nurses to contribute to global health issues: the Global Alliance for Nursing and Midwifery (GANM) list. The GANM list is supported by the Implementing Best Practices (IBP) Initiative (2006), a collaborative forum created by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Partner Agencies (such as International Planned Parenthood Federation, United Nations Population Fund, Engender Health, Johns Hopkins University). The IBP goal is to identify and apply evidence-based practices to improve reproductive health outcomes in low-resource settings. The IBP vehicle for sharing effective practices is the Knowledge Gateway, a Web portal of electronic communication tools to support multiple virtual Communities of Practice. The IBP provides Web tools for networking-without cost or advertisement-to any group that shares their mission. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | NURSES AND NURSING | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | INTERNET | CHILDBIRTH | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | BEST PRACTICES | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Communication | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 321761 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Role of information and communication networks in malaria survival. Author: Mozumder P; Marathe A Source: Malaria Journal. 2007 Oct 10;6(1):136. Abstract: Quite often symptoms of malaria go unrecognized or untreated. According to the Multilateral Initiative on Malaria, 70% of the malaria cases that are treated at home are mismanaged. Up to 82% of all malaria episodes in sub-Saharan Africa are treated outside the formal health sector. Fast and appropriate diagnosis and treatment of malaria is extremely important in reducing morbidity and mortality. Data from 70 different countries is pooled together to construct a panel dataset of health and socio-economic variables for a time span of (1960-2004). The generalized two-stage least squares and panel data models are used to investigate the impact of information and communication network (ICN) variables on malaria death probability. The intensity of ICN is represented by the number of telephone main lines per 1,000 people and the number of television sets per 1,000 people. The major finding is that the intensity of ICN is associated with reduced probability of deaths of people that are clinically identified as malaria infected. The results are robust for both indicators i.e. interpersonal and mass communication networks and for all model specifications examined. The results suggest that information and communication networks can substantially scale up the effectiveness of the existing resources for malaria prevention. Resources spent in preventing malaria are far less than needed. Expanded information and communication networks will widen the avenues for community based "participatory development", that encourages the use of local information, knowledge and decision making. Timely information, immediate care and collective knowledge based treatment can be extremely important in reducing child mortality and achieving the millennium development goal. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | MALARIA | MALARIA PREVENTION | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | TREATMENT | INFORMATION NETWORKS | COMMUNICATION | MASS MEDIA | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 313918 |
| 14. Title: Use of HIV / AIDS information in Kenya. Author: Salentine S; Gichuhi W; Hyslop A Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center [CPC], MEASURE Evaluation, 2007 Apr. [30] p. (MEASURE Evaluation Working Paper Series WP-07-94USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03-00003-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PN-ADJ-240) Abstract: HIV/AIDS information is generated using substantial financial, technical and organizational resources. The investment in producing high quality HIV/AIDS data pays off when this information is used beyond reporting to governments and donors and informs program and policy decisions. The purpose of this assessment is to support the Kenyan National AIDS Control Council (NACC), the National AIDS and STD Control Program (NASCOP) and the President's Emergency Plan for HIV/AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) in Kenya in identifying opportunities for using information so that program managers and M&E officers can plan for facilitating the use of this data for better operational and strategic decision-making while engendering a local commitment to data quality. To achieve this purpose, the assessment has the following objectives: To identify gaps and synergies for use of HIV/AIDS information across all users; To identify existing best practices; To inform the development of strategies for local use of data; and To provide recommendation of next steps for implementing selected strategies. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | USAID | HIV PREVENTION | INFORMATION | DECISION MAKING | BEST PRACTICES | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | PERCEPTION | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Programs | Evaluation | Psychological Factors | Communication Document Number: 318688 |
| 15. Title: Foshan, Guangdong: Using IT to improve services. Source: China Population Today. 2006 Aug;23(3-4):27. Abstract: Currently, Nanhai District, Foshan City, Guangdong province has a migrant population of more than 1.1 million, of whom 920,000 are of fertility age and 253,000 are women of childbearing age. The migrant population has been growing at a rate of 11% annually. To improve family planning services for this group of people, since 2002 the district government has implemented an information system that links the district government with townships and villages through an intranet. The system is operated by more than 1,100 people, of whom 65% have a college degree. A circuit team of data-collectors was set up in 2002, making it possible to monitor and register information on migrant residents on a timely basis. Electronic files expand the size of documents and make information more accessible. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | CRITIQUE | MIGRANTS | WOMEN | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | INFORMATION NETWORKS | INTERNET | MONITORING | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Communication | Evaluation | Contraception Document Number: 308595 |
| 16. Title: Nan'an, Fujian: Taking concrete measures to improve management and services. Source: China Population Today. 2006 Aug;23(3-4):33. Abstract: In recent years, the local family planning authorities in Nan an have taken a series of effective measures to improve the management of and services for local residents working outside the city. The actions they have taken include the implementation of five concrete measures, the establishment of four service platforms and the opening of three information exchange channels. Each village is required to appoint one person to take care of family planning affairs concerning migrant villagers. The villagers committee is responsible for the family planning work among villagers working outside their hometowns. Leaders of the villagers committee take the major responsibility of family planning management of out-going migrants, followed by the leaders of household groups. The liaison person in each village assists and reports to the committee the family planning and reproductive health status of the migrants. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | CRITIQUE | MIGRANTS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION | INFORMATION NETWORKS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | EMPLOYMENT-BASED SERVICES | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Communication | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Health | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 308598 |
| 17. Title: Quimen, Anhui: Establishing a mechanism of interactive services and management. Source: China Population Today. 2006 Aug;23(3-4):30. Abstract: Qimen is a typical mountainous county located in the southern part of Anhui Province. In recent years, over 35,000 local residents have left their hometowns to seek jobs in cities every year. Of these people, more than 6,700 are married women of childbearing age. Family planning management of and services for this group of people has become a headache for local family planning authorities. After conducting countywide research, the county family planning authorities established a model featuring interactive services and management. Currently, this practice has been expanded throughout the whole county and has proven to be fruitful. The following are the concrete measures they have taken. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | CRITIQUE | MIGRANTS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION | MANAGEMENT | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Organization and Administration | Health | Communication Document Number: 308594 |
| 18. Title: Culture, community networks, and HIV / AIDS outreach opportunities in a south Indian Siddha organization. Author: Baban K; Ikeda S; Pooran D; Hennig N; Indyk D Source: Social Work in Health Care. 2006;42(3-4):77-92. Abstract: Gandeepam is an NGO in rural south India, with an HIV prevalence rate estimated at 2-7 times the national average. Aside from several outreach programs, Gandeepam practices Siddha medicine. The objective was to evaluate Gandeepam's strengths and opportunities to promote HIV education. Design: Three weeks of observing clinic practice, meeting patients, and discussing organizational structure. A survey of attitudes toward HIV was completed. Gandeepam reaches a broad cross-section of its community, and effectively disseminates information. No primary HIV prevention efforts were observed. Current strengths include an established network for information dissemination, and a strong community reputation. Tremendous social obstacles for disseminating effective HIV prevention messages remain. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | SOCIAL NETWORKS | COMMUNITY | CULTURE | HIV PREVENTION | SEX EDUCATION | ATTITUDES | INFORMATION NETWORKS | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Education | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Communication Document Number: 309852 |
| 19. Title: The impact of open access upon public health [editorial] Author: Barbour V; Chinnock P; Cohen B; Yamey G Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2006 May;84(5):339. Abstract: "I recently met a physician from southern Africa, engaged in perinatal HIV prevention, whose primary access to information was abstracts posted on the Internet. Based on a single abstract, they had altered their perinatal HIV prevention program from an effective therapy to one with lesser efficacy. Had they read the full text article they would have undoubtedly realized that the study results were based on short-term follow-up, a small pivotal group, incomplete data, and were unlikely to be applicable to their country situation. Their decision to alter treatment based solely on the abstract's conclusions may have resulted in increased perinatal HIV transmission." Amman's story shows the potentially deadly gap between the information-rich and the information-poor. This gap is not the result of lack of technology or of money, but of a failure of imagination. We live in the most information-rich era of history, when the Internet allows immediate global dissemination of crucial health information, and the inter-linking of online information creates an integrated, living body of information -- the ultimate vision of which is the semantic web. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | PUBLIC HEALTH | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | HIV PREVENTION | INFORMATION NETWORKS | INTERNET | HEALTH POLICY | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | ECONOMIC POLICY | PRIVATE SECTOR | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Research Methodology | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 299616 |
| 20. Title: Malawi DELIVER: end of project evaluation. Author: Berger R; Teoh N; Mungai T Source: [Washington, D.C.], Chemonics International, 2006 Sep. [40] p. (USAID Contract No. GHS-I-00-03-00025-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PD-ACI-458) Abstract: USAID/Malawi has supported health commodity logistics for more than 20 years. From 2000 to 2006, health commodity logistical support has been conducted under the global DELIVER project, implemented by John Snow Incorporated. The DELIVER contract is coming to an end, and USAID/Malawi is assessing the project's contributions to commodity security over the past six years, the remaining gaps in support for logistics and contraceptive security, and the best way for USAID to continue its support into the future. A three-person evaluation team -- consisting of one Chemonics International full-time staff person with experience in Malawi, and two Chemonics consultants with experience in pharmacy and commodity logistics -- was dispatched to Malawi for three weeks (August 19th to September 9th). The team met with stakeholders in the capital Lilongwe, as well as in central and district hospitals (Mzuzu, Rumphi, Mzimba, Salima, Lilongwe, Mchinji, Balaka, Blantyre, Mulanje) health centers, and Christian Health Association of Malawi (CHAM) facilities in each region of the country. In each region and district, the team met with personnel from the regional medical stores, district health management team, pharmacy staff, medical assistants and nurses, and drug committee members. At the national level, the evaluation team met with stakeholders within the Ministry of Health, and with development partners. The team also met with private sector personnel from Population Services International and Banja La Matsogolo. During the period of the evaluation, there was significant upheaval within the medical stores system, with allegations of corruption among key staff and continued shortages of medical supplies across the system. As a result, many of the pharmacies visited were experiencing significant shortages of key commodities, particularly antibiotics. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | EVALUATION REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | PHARMACISTS | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | HOSPITAL PERSONNEL | HOSPITALS | QUESTIONNAIRES | LOGISTICS | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | INFORMATION NETWORKS | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | DRUGS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Facilities | Management | Communication | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services Document Number: 312564 |
| 21. Title: Experience of a global laboratory network in responding to infectious disease epidemics. Author: Chretien JP; Gaydos DL; Bedno SA; Coldren RL; Culpepper RC Source: Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2006 Sep;6(9):538-540. Abstract: The challenge of emerging infections transcends national borders. Influenza A (H5N1), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and diseases that continue to re-emerge such as cholera, drug-resistant malaria, and dengue can expand rapidly from local to regional or global threats. We were pleased to see that Georgios Pappas and colleagues, in their global review of human brucellosis epidemiology, discussed serious problems in tracking and containing the disease, which apply to many emerging infections: lack of appropriate diagnostic capabilities in developing countries, cross-border disease spread from countries with high incidence, and emergence of new endemic foci because of socioeconomic and other changes. Several of us have proposed a network of new, broad-based laboratories as a way to address such challenges for emerging infections of international importance. These laboratories would assist host countries in developing surveillance systems and responding to epidemics, strengthen global epidemic detection and response efforts of WHO in key regions, and form links with specialised institutions worldwide to support these activities. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RECOMMENDATIONS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | POLICYMAKERS | INFORMATION NETWORKS | EPIDEMICS | LABORATORY | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | INFECTION PREVENTION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Communication | Diseases | Equipment and Supplies | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Infections Document Number: 306596 |
| 22. Title: AMREF: good news for Africa [editorial] Source: Lancet. 2005 Jun 11;365(9476):1984. Abstract: Press attention has focused on the increasingly heated public debate about whether Live8, the simultaneous concerts coinciding with the G8 summit next month and planned by Bob Geldof to draw attention to poverty in Africa, is a good idea or not. A far more important piece of news has gone largely unnoticed. Last week, the African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) won the US$1 million Gates Award for Global Health, the world’s largest prize for international health, for their outstanding efforts to improve health in Africa’s communities by strengthening local health infrastructure as a means to escape poverty. AMREF can indeed be proud of its achievements. Having started as Flying Doctors of East Africa in 1957, it is now the largest aid organisation based in Africa with over 600 staff, 97% of whom are African. From its inception, it concentrated on bringing health and education to local communities and has embraced technology as integral to improving health. In one of its latest projects, AMREF has begun to install video-conferencing facilities in rural areas so that health workers and patients can consult with specialists based in cities. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | AFRICA, NORTH | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | HEALTH PERSONNEL | AWARDS | FILM AND VIDEO | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | HEALTH SERVICES | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Developing Countries | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Incentives | Policy | Mass Media | Communication | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 289054 |
| 23. Title: Role of community radio in HIV/AIDS communication. Source: SAfAIDS News. 2005 Sep;11(3):18. Abstract: Over the last 12 years, Africa has recognised the power of radio to empower communities to transform their socio-economic and political spheres. Community radio offers the possibility of developing public opinion at grassroots level and allows people to mobilise themselves to express their concerns to the local and national authorities. In addition to providing civic education, community radio has become the answer to the widespread information poverty on the African continent. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | TANZANIA | SENEGAL | COTE D'IVOIRE | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | COMMUNITY | RADIO | INFORMATION NETWORKS | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | TUBERCULOSIS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Africa, Western | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication | Infections Document Number: 305197 |
| 24. Title: Stumbling around in the dark [editorial] Source: Lancet. 2005 Jun 11;365(9476):1983. Abstract: For much of the world, scientists rely on guesswork to understand what makes people sick and why they die. True, the guesswork is based on sophisticated surveys, sampling studies, and other techniques of data collection and analysis, but it is guesswork nonetheless. In a study in this week’s Lancet, for example, Igor Rudan and coworkers set out to identify the best information they could find on the four leading causes of death in children worldwide: acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea, falciparum malaria, and neonatal disorders. They identified more than 17 000 documents and reports published or produced between 1980 and 2000, but found that only 232 contained data reliable enough to be used to produce global estimates of child morbidity and mortality. And most of the reports came from relatively few countries. In fact, for one-third of the 25 nations that account for the highest numbers of deaths of children younger than 5 years, they could find no reliable data. “Almost none of the countries accounting for 98% of all deaths among children younger than 5 years has vital registration systems complete enough to support accurate estimates of the causes of child deaths, nor valid, routine health-service information about major causes of childhood disease”, they note. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | CHILDREN | INFANT | CAUSES OF DEATH | CHILD MORTALITY | NEONATAL MORTALITY | INFANT MORTALITY | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Communication Document Number: 289052 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Design and implementation of a health management information system in Malawi: issues, innovations and results. Author: Chaulagai C; Moyo CM; Koot J; Moyo HB; Sambakunsi TC Source: Health Policy and Planning. 2005 Nov;20(6):375-384. Abstract: As in many developing countries, lack of reliable data and grossly inadequate appreciation and use of available information in planning and management of health services were two main weaknesses of the health information systems in Malawi. Malawi began strengthening its health management information system with an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of existing information systems, sharing findings with all stakeholders. All were agreed on the need for reformation of various, vertical programme-specific information systems into a comprehensive, integrated, decentralized and action-oriented simple system. As a first step towards conceptualization and design of the system, a minimum set of indicators was identified and a strategy was formulated for establishing a system in the country. The design focused only on the use of information in planning, management and the improvement of quality and coverage of services. All health and support personnel were trained, employing a training of trainers cascade approach. Information management and use was incorporated into the pre-service training curriculum and the job description of all health workers and support personnel. Quarterly feedback, supportive supervision visits and annual reviews were institutionalized. Civil society organizations were involved in monitoring coverage of health services at local levels. A mid-term review of the achievements of the health information system judged it to be one of the best in Africa. For the first time in Malawi, the health sector has information by facility by month. Yet very little improvement has been noted in use of information in rationalizing decisions. The conclusion is that, no matter how good the design of an information system, it will not be effective unless there is internal desire, dedication and commitment of leadership to have an effective and efficient health service management system. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | HEALTH PERSONNEL | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | INFORMATION SERVICES | DECENTRALIZATION | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | TRAINING PROGRAMS | HEALTH FACILITIES | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organization and Administration | Information | Management | Education | Communication Document Number: 294165 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: 10 best resources for ... measuring population health. Author: David P; Haberlen S Source: Health Policy and Planning. 2005 Jul;20(4):260-263. Abstract: Health information – a key ingredient in policy formation and programme planning – has often proven to be a scarce commodity in places where it is needed most. Beginning in 1978 with the declaration of the Alma Ata Conference on ‘Health for All by the Year 2000’, international momentum to monitor the performance of health programmes and hold governments accountable for progress in improving health has grown. Stimulated now by the need to measure national progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals and by the growing number of international initiatives such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria, and the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, a new lens is being focused on population health information. An important source of information on health status, behaviour, health care access and utilization amongst the general population are government-sponsored crosssectional and longitudinal household survey programmes. In some countries, the interview is expanded to include physician assessments, tests of physical functioning, blood pressure, lung capacity, and anthropometric data, and in some, survey data may be linked to medical records or vital registers. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional sample survey conducted annually in the USA by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The NHIS collects self-reported data on behaviours including tobacco use and physical activity, chronic disease conditions, health care utilization, and satisfaction with multiple dimensions of health. The child module includes information on asthma, allergies, immunization and days lost from school due to illness or injury. The NHIS website provides public access to primary survey data and documentation for both the child and adult questionnaires. A wide variety of such survey programmes exists around the world and at the present time valid international comparison of data from such surveys is limited. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | HEALTH SURVEYS | KAP SURVEYS | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | POLICYMAKERS | GOVERNMENT | HEALTH POLICY | INFORMATION SOURCES | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Studies | Research Methodology | Health | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Policy | Information | Programs | Communication Document Number: 289453 |
| 27. Title: An adaptable and multi-faceted behavior change communication / information exchange communication (BCC / IEC) and advocacy strategy: end of project report. Author: de Negri B Source: Arlington, Virginia, Management Sciences for Health [MSH], Advance Africa Project, 2005 Mar. 25 p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-00-00002-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PD-ACF-705) Abstract: In sub-Saharan Africa, poor reproductive health practices can contribute as much or more to maternal and child mortality as does HIV/AIDS. Sadly, unmet need for family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) services is high. The Advance Africa project (2000-2005) was developed with the mission to reposition family planning, raising awareness among key health and development professionals in Africa about the positive impact FP/RH programs can have on maternal and child health and family wellbeing. Using a holistic approach, Advance Africa’s staff and partner organizations focused on enhancing the effectiveness of FP/RH service delivery at the program level. Advance Africa provided technical leadership to improve both clinical and non-clinical services such as addressing the needs of youth, empowering women, involving men in FP/RH decisions, developing private/commercial sector initiatives, and forming links and partnerships between FP/RH and other developmental organizations. The Advance Africa team used strategies to address underserved populations including adolescents, low-parity women, postpartum women, men, and illiterate and impoverished individuals. A key feature of the Advance Africa holistic approach was the Behavior Change Communication (BCC) strategy. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | EVALUATION REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | COMMUNITY | SAFER SEX | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | ADVOCACY | INFORMATION NETWORKS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Communication | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases Document Number: 292642 |
| 28. Title: Global Exchange Network for Reproductive Health Latin America virtual conference final report. [Informe final sobre la conferencia virtual latinoamericana de la Red Global de Intercambio para la Salud Reproductiva] Author: Galdos S Source: Cambridge, Massachusetts, Management Sciences for Health [MSH], Management and Leadership Program, 2005 Apr. [11] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-00-00014-00) Abstract: In response to a request from USAID, the Management and Leadership (M&L) Program of Management Sciences for Health (MSH) created the Global Exchange Network (GEN) for Reproductive Health to support countries that no longer receive population and reproductive health funding from USAID: countries that have "graduated" from USAID assistance. The goal of the Global Exchange Network is to encourage the exchange of ideas, lessons learned and good practices in the area of reproductive health and family planning in the countries that have received or receive population funds from USAID. One of the primary activities of the Global Exchange Network in 2004-2005 was the planning and implementation of a virtual conference led by organizations in the three "graduated countries" of Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico, and supported by MSH. The Latin American Virtual Conference was the first virtual conference to have ever been conducted by MSH and the Latin American partners. It proved highly successful and participants have requested more exchanges such as this one. It was agreed that a three-day conference would be held and that each country would present two successful experiences or lessons learned in adolescent reproductive health where they had implemented an interesting approach and had produced demonstrated results. (excerpt) Spanish Abstract: En respuesta a un pedido de la Agencia Estadounidense para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID, United States Agency for International Development), el Programa de Gestión y Liderazgo (M&L, management and leadership) de Ciencias de Gestión de la Salud (MSH, management sciences for health) creó la Red Global de Intercambio (GEN, Global Exchange Network) para la Salud Reproductiva a fin de apoyar a aquellos países que hayan dejado de recibir fondos de USAID para la población y para la salud reproductiva: los países que se han “graduado” en la asistencia de USAID. El objetivo de la red es alentar el intercambio de ideas, lecciones aprendidas y prácticas eficaces en las áreas de salud reproductiva y planificación familiar en los países que han recibido o reciben fondos de USAID para la población. Entre las principales actividades de la red durante el período 2004-2005 se incluyeron la planificación e implementación de una conferencia virtual realizada por organizaciones de los tres “países graduados” (Colombia, Ecuador y México) y apoyada por MSH. La conferencia virtual latinoamericana fue la primera conferencia virtual realizada en forma conjunta entre MSH y socios latinoamericanos. La iniciativa resultó sumamente satisfactoria y los participantes han solicitado que se multipliquen los intercambios de este tipo. Se acordó realizar una conferencia de tres días en la que cada país presentará dos experiencias exitosas o lecciones aprendidas a nivel de salud reproductiva en adolescentes, área en la que han implementado una interesante metodología y obtenido probados resultados. (extracto) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | ADOLESCENT HEALTH SERVICES | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Americas | Developing Countries | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Health | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Information Processing | Information | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication Document Number: 300919 |
| 29. Peer Reviewed Title: An online operational rainfall-monitoring resource for epidemic malaria early warning systems in Africa. Author: Grover-Kopec E; Kawano M; Klaver RW; Blumenthal B; Ceccato P Source: Malaria Journal. 2005;4:[5] p.. Abstract: Periodic epidemics of malaria are a major public health problem for many sub-Saharan African countries. Populations in epidemic prone areas have a poorly developed immunity to malaria and the disease remains life threatening to all age groups. The impact of epidemics could be minimized by prediction and improved prevention through timely vector control and deployment of appropriate drugs. Malaria Early Warning Systems are advocated as a means of improving the opportunity for preparedness and timely response. Rainfall is one of the major factors triggering epidemics in warm semi-arid and desert-fringe areas. Explosive epidemics often occur in these regions after excessive rains and, where these follow periods of drought and poor food security, can be especially severe. Consequently, rainfall monitoring forms one of the essential elements for the development of integrated Malaria Early Warning Systems for sub-Saharan Africa, as outlined by the World Health Organization. The Roll Back Malaria Technical Resource Network on Prevention and Control of Epidemics recommended that a simple indicator of changes in epidemic risk in regions of marginal transmission, consisting primarily of rainfall anomaly maps, could provide immediate benefit to early warning efforts. In response to these recommendations, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network produced maps that combine information about dekadal rainfall anomalies, and epidemic malaria risk, available via their Africa Data Dissemination Service. These maps were later made available in a format that is directly compatible with HealthMapper, the mapping and surveillance software developed by the WHO's Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Department. A new monitoring interface has recently been developed at the International Research Institute for Climate Prediction (IRI) that enables the user to gain a more contextual perspective of the current rainfall estimates by comparing them to previous seasons and climatological averages. These resources are available at no cost to the user and are updated on a routine basis. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | ANIMALS | MALARIA PREVENTION | EPIDEMICS | CLIMATE | INFORMATION NETWORKS | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | Developing Countries | Africa | Natural Resources | Environment | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Communication | Information Processing | Information Document Number: 282015 |
| 30. Peer Reviewed Title: A review of geographic information system and remote sensing with applications to the epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis in China. Author: Guo-Jing Y; Vounatsou P; Xiao-Nong Z; Utzinger J; Tanner M Source: Acta Tropica. 2005;96:117-129. Abstract: Geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technologies offer new opportunities for rapid assessment of endemic areas, provision of reliable estimates of populations at risk, prediction of disease distributions in areas that lack baseline data and are difficult to access, and guidance of intervention strategies, so that scarce resources can be allocated in a cost-effective manner. Here, we focus on the epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis in China and review GIS and RS applications to date. These include mapping prevalence and intensity data of Schistosoma japonicum at a large scale, and identifying and predicting suitable habitats for Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host snail of S. japonicum, at a small scale. Other prominent applications have been the prediction of infection risk due to ecological transformations, particularly those induced by floods and water resource developments, and the potential impact of climate change. We also discuss the limitations of the previous work, and outline potential new applications of GIS and RS techniques, namely quantitative GIS, WebGIS, and utilization of emerging satellite information, as they hold promise to further enhance infection risk mapping and disease prediction. Finally, we stress current research needs to overcome some of the remaining challenges of GIS and RS applications for schistosomiasis, so that further and sustained progress can be made to control this disease in China and elsewhere. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | PROGRESS REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | POPULATION AT RISK | TARGET POPULATION | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | INFORMATION NETWORKS | SCHISTOSOMIASIS | PARASITE CONTROL | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | TECHNOLOGY | ECOLOGY | Developing Countries | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Program Design | Programs | Organization and Administration | Population | Communication | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Public Health | Health | Economic Factors | Environment Document Number: 292044 |
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