1.  Title: Fostering or stripping rural China: Modernizing agriculture and rural to urban capital flows. Author: Huang J; Rozelle S; Wang H Source: Developing Economies. 2006 Mar;46:1-26. Abstract: The present study focuses on the flow of fiscal and financial resources in China's rural economy during the first two decades of reform. Specifically, we seek to quantify the nature and direction of the capital flows between agriculture and the non-agricultural sectors and between the rural and non-rural sectors. We track identify the flows of three main sources of capital: fiscal flows, financial shifts through the formal banking system, and the implicit taxes that are moving through the grain system as a result of payment of in-kind (e.g., delivery quotas by farmers). Through this analysis, we provide policy makers with a set of measures showing that although in recent years the agriculture-to-industry and rural-to-urban flows have appeared to reverse themselves, as late as 2000 it does not appear as if the government is not directing enough resources into the rural economy. Greater flows, however, are needed if rural China is to modernize. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | AGRICULTURAL WORKERS | RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION | INDUSTRY | AGRICULTURE | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | ECONOMIC FACTORS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Labor Force | Human Resources | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 325511 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: The global tobacco disease pandemic: Nature, causes, and cures. Author: Warner KE; MacKay J Source: Global Public Health. 2006 Feb;1(1):65-86. Abstract: Tobacco use kills 5 million citizens globally every year. The World Health Organization (WHO) projects that the number of deaths will double just 15 years from now. Tobacco will then constitute the leading cause of death in the developing world, as it already is in developed countries today. This paper describes the nature and extent of the tobacco pandemic, characteristics of the global tobacco industry, and national and international efforts to diminish the toll of tobacco. The review includes examination of the economic and political strategies employed by the multinational tobacco industry to increase cigarette consumption, as well as the policies that governments have adopted to combat smoking. The most promising development is the new Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, WHO's first-ever international health treaty. While aggressive tobacco control policies can and will diminish the toll of tobacco, the prospects for the foreseeable future appear grim. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | LITERATURE REVIEW | TOBACCO USE | INDUSTRY | MARKETING | PUBLIC HEALTH | EPIDEMIOLOGY | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | POLITICAL FACTORS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | INTERVENTIONS | Behavior | Macroeconomic Factors | Health | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 325446 |
3.  Title: Addressing the general and reproductive health of women in global supply chains. Author: Business for Social Responsibility Source: [San Francisco, California], Business for Social Responsibility, 2002 Oct. 95 p. Abstract: Women comprise a majority of the workforce in labor-intensive manufacturing industries such as apparel, footwear, toys, electronics, food processing and house-wares. They also work extensively in the informal sector, including in agriculture and handicrafts. The working environment in these industries can present health hazards to both male and female workers. Women employees, however, risk greater health consequences because they are often of childbearing age and are regarded with less social status than men, causing them to be less educated and more vulnerable. Consequently, they face unique needs in terms of health education, access and nutrition. This report presents the findings of a project initiated by Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) with the support of the David and Lucile Packard Foundation to improve awareness of the reproductive and general health needs of women workers in the global supply chain. This project presented a unique opportunity to support the promotion of women's health programs, including reproductive health issues. The project focused on health programs and practices in four countries - China, India, Indonesia and Mexico. Each of these four countries is a major exporter into the global manufacturing economy, with a large concentration of labor-intensive industries such as apparel, footwear and toys. These industries employ thousands of women workers, the majority in the age group of 16-30. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | INDIA | INDONESIA | MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | WOMEN | WORKERS | WOMEN'S HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | INDUSTRY | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia, Southeastern | North America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Health | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 327113 |
| 4. Title: Some pattern of migration in Kerala. Author: Bhagavatheeswara; Iyer S; Gopinathan Nair P Source: Indian Journal of Population Studies. 1978;1(1):55-68. Abstract: This paper makes broad analysis of several typologies of migration relating to the Kerala State using the 1961 census data. These typologies include international migration to the State, inter- state migration, and inter-state of inter-district migration. It notes that in certain situations, the out-migration of some excess population is viewed as an advantage to the region as it helps to bring about a better balance between the employment opportunities and employment seekers. However, the analysis of the characteristics of the out-migrants from the State, indicates larger proportion of out-migrants moved from urban areas and that these migrants are supposed to have high educational attainments. The State is thus suffering a net loss of population due to migration both in quantity and quality. The state will be in a position to attract these persons back to the region only with the achievement of a substantial reduction in its population growth rate along with a boom in its economic and industrial prosperity. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | CENSUS | EMPLOYMENT STATUS | MIGRANTS | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | INTERNAL MIGRATION | RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION | INDUSTRY | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 166852 |
| 5. Title: Dean Rubber Manufacturing Company v. United States of America. Author: U.S. Court of Appeals, Eight Circuit Source: 356 Federal Reporter, Second Series. 1966;17855:161-168. Abstract: The Dean Rubber Manufacturing Company was prosecuted for interstate shipment of adulterated and misbranded prophylactics. The Judge of the US District Court for the Western District of Missouri, Floyd R. Gibson, Jr., entered a judgement of conviction on the adulteration charges but of acquittal on the misbranding. The company appealed. The Court of Appeals, Mehaffy, Circuit Judge, upheld the conviction. The court held that the manufacturer's claim that its prophylactics were an aid in the prevention of venereal disease was a claim of "quality" within the meaning of the statutory provision defining an adulterated device as one whose quality falls far short of the quality it is represented to possess. In the 5 shipments tested, from 1.04% to 2.54% were found to contain holes, thus failing to meet government specifications and violating the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act by having a lower quality than that professed through written expression and inherent meaning.(AUTHOR'S, MODIFIED) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CONDOMS | INDUSTRY | LAWS AND STATUTES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | STANDARDS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Research Methodology Document Number: 660393 |
| 6. Title: Proposals for family planning promotion: a marketing plan. Author: India. Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta Source: Calcutta, Indian Institute of Management, [1964]. 148 p Abstract: In recent months there has been a growing recognition that commercial resources must be utilized in the expansion of the birth control program of the nation. Recent population statistics show that the birth rate is holding at about 39 per 1,000, while the mortality rate has been steadily dropping. It is now at a level of about 19 per 1,000, and it is continuing to fall. Last year India’s population increased by approximately 10.5 million persons, an amount greater that the total population of Australia. Such a rate of population increase must be viewed with genuine alarm by everyone, since it threatens every aspect of the national development effort. Economic growth on per capita basis in the past few years has been reduced to a very low level; the vital export drive is jeopardized because of the rapidly rising needs of consumers at home. In order to bring population growth under control, many approaches must be utilized simultaneously. The purpose of this report is to suggest ways in which existing marketing resources of the private sector can be marshaled to throw weight behind the presently planned family planning drive. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | CONDOMS | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | MARKETING | RESEARCH PROPOSAL | BIRTHS AVERTED | FEES | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | GOALS | HIGH FERTILITY POPULATION | INDIA | INDUSTRY | MASS MEDIA | Communication | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Economic Factors | Family Planning Program Evaluation | Family Planning Programs | Financial Activities | Education | Planning | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 091320 |
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