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1.
Peer Reviewed

Title: A randomized trial of saline solution-moistened misoprostol versus dry misoprostol for first-trimester pregnancy failure.
Author: Gilles JM; Creinin MD; Barnhart K; Westhoff C; Frederick MM
Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2004 Feb;190(2):389-394.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to estimate whether the efficacy of treatment with intravaginal misoprostol for first-trimester pregnancy failure is enhanced by the addition of saline solution. Eighty women with embryonic/fetal death or anembryonic pregnancy were assigned randomly to receive either 800 mg of misoprostol with saline solution (group I, 41 women) or without (group II, 39 women). Treatment was repeated on day 3 if the gestational sac remained. Curettage was performed if the gestational sac remained on day 8 or as necessary during at least 30 days of follow-up. Data were analyzed with the Student t test and the x² or Fisher exact test. By the first follow-up visit, 73% (group I) and 64% (group II) of women passed the gestational sac (P=.38). By the second follow-up visit, expulsion rates were 83% and 87%, respectively (P=.59). Five subjects in each group underwent curettage. Misoprostol is effective for the treatment of failed first-trimester pregnancy. The expulsion rate is not improved by adding saline solution. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | PREGNANT WOMEN | MISOPROSTOL | PREGNANCY, FIRST TRIMESTER | ABORTION | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | FETAL DEATH | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Prostaglandins, Synthetic | Prostaglandins | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Ingredients and Chemicals | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Diseases
Document Number: 190827 Notification

2.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Stimulation of vasopressin release in women with primary dysmenorrhoea and after oral contraceptive treatment -- effect on uterine contractility.
Author: Ekstrom P; Akerlund M; Forsling M; Kindahl H; Laudanski T; Mrugacz G
Source: BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY. 1992 Aug;99(8):680-4.
Abstract: Researchers analyzed data on 10 20-28 year old healthy nulliparous women attending the outpatient clinic at the University hospital in Lund, Sweden to examine features of the etiology of primary dysmenorrhea and mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effect of combined oral contraceptives (COCs). 3 weeks after COC treatment (Neovletta, 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 150 mcg levonorgestrel), arginine vasopressin plasma levels and total pressure area (TPA) of uterus fell significantly before and after infusion of hypertonic saline solution (p<.001 for vasopressin and p<.001 before infusion for TPA and p<.01 after infusion for TPA). Even though plasma levels of oxytocin and the prostaglandin F (PGF) metabolite (15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha) also fell, the decreases were not significant. before infusion, mean osmolality stood at 296 mosmol/kg and 303 mosmol/kg after infusion. They were 287.3 and 295, respectively, after COC treatment. Infusion of hypertonic saline solution increased vasopressin and oxytocin plasma levels significantly (p<.01) but decreased significantly PGF-metabolite plasma levels (p.<05). Before COC treatment and during dysmenorrhea, saline infusion resulted in increased uterine contractility and more powerful pain. The 2nd saline infusion during withdrawal bleeding when no pain existed caused a considerable increase in intrauterine pressure (p<.05) and some pain. These results showed that COC treatment has an inhibiting effect on uterine hypercontractility which is linked to dysmenorrhea through reduced vasopressin secretion and endometrial production of PGF2 alpha. They also demonstrated that the mechanism involved in stimulating vasopressin secretion and pain is not the same as that which increases PGF-synthesis. These findings did not allow the researchers to determine oxytocin's role in dysmenorrhea, however.
Language: English
Keywords:
SWEDEN | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | CLINICAL RESEARCH | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | DYSMENORRHEA | TREATMENT | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | HYPOTHALAMUS | PITUITARY HORMONES | PROSTAGLANDINS | UTERUS | PAIN | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | OXYTOCIN | NULLIPARITY | HEMATOLOGIC TESTS | CHANGES | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Research Methodology | Studies | Menstruation Disorders | Diseases | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Central Nervous System | Physiology | Biology | Hormones | Endocrine System | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Signs and Symptoms | Ingredients and Chemicals | Parity | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Laboratory Procedures | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Social Change
Document Number: 079277

3.
Title: Abortion practice.
Author: Hern WM
Source: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, J.B. Lippincott, 1990. xviii, 340 p.
Abstract: This guide to abortion practice and the operation of an abortion facility in textbook form covers patient evaluation and counseling, diagnosis of gestation, operative procedures for vacuum aspiration, dilatation and evacuation and instillation abortions through 24 weeks' gestation, nursing, postoperative procedures, management of complications, staffing, operation, facilities, and legal aspects. The introductory chapter on the epidemiological foundations of abortion practice argues the view that if term pregnancy is considered a medically managed condition that is more risky than contraception (except for oral contraception in smokers over age 35) or abortion, and indeed unlimited reproduction endangers the survival of humanity and other species, childbirth is the elective treatment of pregnancy. Prevention and termination is the indicated treatment of pregnancy, unless it is desired for reproduction, as opposed to self-expression or status-affirmation. Thus there is no social, political, or economic justification for withholding abortion. The guidelines on abortion practice are detailed with photographs and descriptions such as how the operator should hold instruments. These instructions are needed because abortion procedures are not generally taught in medical training. The use of laminaria is recommended to dilate the cervix for all types of terminations if not contraindicated, and local anesthesia for its safety and better feedback from the patient. Extensive sections on management and training of staff, handling emergencies, program evaluation, legal issues, and public relations will be helpful to those operating or planning an abortion service.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MANUAL | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION RATE | CURETTAGE | PHYSICIAN'S OFFICE | CLINICS | HEALTH FACILITY PLANNING | NURSES AND NURSING | PARAMEDICAL PERSONNEL | COUNSELORS | ORGANIC CHEMICALS | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | SURGICAL EQUIPMENT | FORCEPS | UTERINE ASPIRATOR | PREGNANCY TESTS | ANESTHESIA | LAMINARIA TENTS | POSTABORTAL PROGRAMS | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | SEX EDUCATION | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC | PRODUCTS OF CONCEPTION, RETENTION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Services Administration | Management | Organization and Administration | Health Personnel | Counseling | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Ingredients and Chemicals | Equipment and Supplies | Laboratory Procedures | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Cervical Dilatation | Family Planning Programs | Program Evaluation | Education | Diseases
Document Number: 074384 Notification

4.
Title: Selective embryocide in the nonsurgical management of combined intrauterine-extrauterine pregnancy.
Author: Porreco RP; Burke MS; Parker DW
Source: OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY. 1990 Mar;75(3 Pt 2):498-501.
Abstract: A case of combined intrauterine and tubal pregnancy after in vitro fertilization was managed conservatively by injecting potassium chloride into the ectopic gestational sac. The woman was a 32-year old nullipara who had produced 6 recoverable ova and 5 embryos after clomiphene stimulation and in vitro fertilization. Ultrasound at 9 weeks showed a viable fetus of 29 mm in the uterus and a right tubal gestational sac with a viable fetus of 16 mm, as well as several large ovarian cysts. The tubal embryo was injected with 3 mEq KC1 in 1.5 mL transcutaneously with a 22-gauge 20 cm needle under sonographic guidance. Fetal heartbeat was followed by endovaginal probe (Acuson 128, Mountain View, CA). Endovaginal sonography was repeated weekly. 3 weeks later she required culdocentesis for removal of 30mL serous brown fluid, diagnosed as ruptured ovarian cyst. Labor began at 32 weeks, and was managed with iv and oral beta-mimetics. After spontaneous labor at 38 weeks, she was delivered by cesarean section of a 3976 g healthy male fetus. The right fallopian tube, distended with fimbria and necrotic blood and chorionic villi, was removed. Simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy is said to occur in 1/30,000 gestations.
Language: English
Keywords:
COLORADO | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CASE STUDIES | ABORTION | PREGNANCY, TUBAL | INFERTILITY | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | PREGNANCY, MULTIPLE | ULTRASONICS | CESAREAN SECTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy, Ectopic | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Reproduction | Ingredients and Chemicals | Pregnancy | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment
Document Number: 059690 Notification

5.
Title: Selective reduction in multiple gestation.
Author: Osborn MR
Source: JOURNAL OF PERINATAL AND NEONATAL NURSING. 1989 Jul;3(1):14-21.
Abstract: Selective reduction in multiple gestation refers to abortion of specific fetuses, either because of congenital defect of grand multiple gestation. Fetal indications for which selective termination has been reported are Down syndrome, microcephaly, hemophilia A, spina bifida, thalassemia major and Tay-Sachs disease. Grand multiple gestations, defined as 4 or more fetuses in a pregnancy, have been selectively terminated in cases of 4-9 fetuses. Most couples choose to reduce multiple gestations to twin pregnancies. Very short women with multiple gestation are particularly at risk. Methods used have included needle aspiration of amniotic fluid, cardiac puncture and aspiration, and intrathoracic injection of KC1 or calcium gluconate. Potassium chloride is preferred because it is rapid, so results can be determined immediately without having to repeat the procedure. It is preferable to time the termination at 11 weeks' gestation to lower the risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation, which can result from absorption of fetal tissue. Most gynecologists prefer to select for fundal implantations. The ethical alternatives of this type of termination are either to abort the entire pregnancy, or risk the life of the mother as well as the life and well-being of all the fetuses. Most women with multiple gestations are those with history of infertility, who have gone to greater expense and emotional investment to become pregnant. Legally, selective reduction is a type of 1st trimester abortion, subject to institutional experimental protocols and patient's informed consent.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | ETHICS | ABORTION | PREGNANCY, FIRST TRIMESTER | FETUS | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | INFERTILITY | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | ULTRASONICS | PREGNANCY, MULTIPLE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Diseases | Ingredients and Chemicals
Document Number: 060379 Notification

6.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Outcome of first delivery after 2nd trimester two-stage induced abortion: a controlled historical cohort study.
Author: Meirik O; Nygren KG
Source: Acta Obstetrica et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1984;63(1):45-50.
Abstract: In a historical cohort study, the outcome of the 1st birth after a legal 2nd trimester 2-stage abortion induced with saline or prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha was evaluated for 142 nulliparous and 65 parous women. The birth outcome was compared with that for 180 parity-matched control women and for all women in Sweden in 1975. No statistically significant differences were disclosed with regard to means of infants' birthweight and length of gestation, or to occurrence of low birthweight (LBW) infants and preterm deliveries. The nulliparous women with a previously induced abortion tended, however, to have more LBW infants than did the other nulliparous women. More LBW infants were born to the 29 nulliparous women with a previous abortion induced with PGs than to the 113 nulliparae having abortions induced with saline (P=0.11); otherwise, no noteworthy differences were found in the birth outcome for the 39 women with a previous abortion induced by PGs, compared with the 168 having abortions induced by saline. (author's modified)
Language: English
Keywords:
COHORT ANALYSIS | SWEDEN | EUROPE, NORTHERN | EUROPE | ABORTION | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | PROSTAGLANDINS, ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | NULLIPARITY | PARITY | BIRTH WEIGHT | BODY WEIGHT | DATA COLLECTION | FERTILITY CONTROL, POSTCONCEPTION | FAMILY PLANNING | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | AGE DISTRIBUTION | TOBACCO USE | MARITAL STATUS | Research Methodology | Developed Countries | Reproduction | Ingredients and Chemicals | Prostaglandins | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Drugs | Treatment | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Behavior | Nuptiality
Document Number: 023880 Notification

7.
Title: The new neonatal dilemma: live births from late abortions.
Author: Rhoden NK
Source: Georgetown Law Journal. 1984 Jun;72(5):1451-509.
Abstract: When fetuses live after abortion, moral and legal dilemmas result. Recent technological advances in medicine may be increasing the frequency of liveborn fetuses. 1 technological change concerns abortion procedures. Induced abortion is ordinarily considered a medical procedure with the functions of removal of the fetus from a woman's body and termination of the fetus' life. Fetal death has traditionally been a necessary consequence of abortion. Saline infusion is highly feticidal; therefore live births resulting from the use of this technique are rare. Prostaglandin instillation does not destroy fetal tissue but merely induces premature labor. Therefore it is more likely to result in live birth than is saline instillation. Dilatation and evacuation cannot possibly lead to live birth. Increasingly sophisticated techniques have been developed for neonatal intensive care. These techniques have produced a marked decrease in mortality for premature infants. Views on what physicians should do if a live infant is born from a late abortion vary. There are ethical and legal justifications for abortion. Some physicians have raised objections to mandated treatment of abortuses based on the potential legal consequences of saving such infants. Live infants are not necessarily viable. The duty owed to newborns by physicians is not entirely clear. Standard civil rights law inadequately deals with the complexities of this area. The multiplicity of factors which characterize these tragic choices must be neither ignored nor oversimplified. A special problem arises with abortions for genetic defects. The problem that this dilemma creates is not limited to those rare situations where a physician is faced with a live birth. Its ramifications affect the entire future of 2nd trimester abortions. Proposals to redefine or abandon viaability as a standard do not show the logical or ethical relevance of the advocated cut-off points.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH AMERICA | ABORTION LAW | INFANT, PREMATURE | ABORTION | FETUS | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | ETHICS | FETAL DEATH | JURISPRUDENCE | INFANT MORTALITY | LITERATURE REVIEW | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | AMNIOCENTESIS | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | PROSTAGLANDINS | TECHNOLOGY | TREATMENT | GENETIC COUNSELING | GENETICS | TIME FACTORS | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Infant | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Genetic Techniques | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Ingredients and Chemicals | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Economic Factors | Counseling | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 028772 Notification

8.
Title: D and E midtrimester abortion: a medical innovation.
Author: Lewit S
Source: Women and Health. 1982 Spring;7(1):49-55.
Abstract: With the advent of legalized abortion in the US in 1973, the innovation, adoption and dissemination of new and improved medical procedures for the voluntary termination of pregnancy became an important objective. 3 principal techniques were introduced: suction curettage, instillation procedures using saline solution or prostaglandin, and dilatation and evacuation (D and E). Suction curettage in the 1st trimester was readily adopted because the procedure was less traumatic than the traditional dilatation and curettage. Instillation procedures for abortions in the 2nd trimester were also readily adopted. Physicians preferred them to surgical procedures, were familiar with the delivery simulation, and were comfortable with the hospital setting in which the procedure was performed. D and E, an extension of the suction procedure to abortions in the 2nd trimester has lower complication rates than instillation procedures and can be performed early in the midtrimester. A 1981 membership survey conducted by the National Abortion Federation found that about 1/3 of the members performed D and E midtrimester abortions, a wider acceptance than was expected. In 1978, of the 2nd trimester abortions, 85% of the early midtrimester and 25% of the 16 weeks gestation or later abortions were done by D and E. Acceptance in some other countries is also increasing. A study of the relationship of a history of 2nd trimester abortions and subsequent adverse pregnancy outcomes was unable to identify any statistically significant relationship with the possible exception of low birth weight infants. According to a 1976 survey of teaching hospitals, less than 1/4 require their residents to perform midtrimester abortions. Very few medical schools include D and E procedures in their residency training programs. Residents should use the D and E technique only under supervision and after becoming experienced in 1st trimester suction curettage. A survey reported that D and E techniques can be learned by all gynecologists, can be safer than instillation procedures and can be safely performed in nonhospital settings. Ultrasound can be helpful during the procedure to diagnose pelvic pathology, guide instruments and manipulate fetal and placental tissue with more precision. Local anesthesia is associated with fewer complications than general anesthesia. An increasing number of physicians are using laminaria tents to dilate the cervix which reduces the risk of perforation and cervical injury, and the cervix returns to normal within a shorter period of time than with metal dilators. Laminaria have been successfully used on a outpatient basis. A questionnaire survey found both positive and negative staff reactions in facilities which had instituted 2nd trimester D and E procedures. Training for staff before initiating the new procedure and at periodic intervals thereafter is essential and should include factual information on the procedure, sonography, laminaria, fetal development, as well as the opportunity to share reactions, reassess attitudes and resensitize staff to patient needs. D and E procedures shift the psychological burden from nurses and patients to the physicians.
Language: English
Keywords:
ABORTION | STAFF ATTITUDE | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | RESEARCH REPORT | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | ANESTHESIA | CLINICS | PHYSICIAN'S OFFICE | ON-THE-JOB TRAINING | LAMINARIA TENTS | PHYSICIANS | TIME FACTORS | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CANADA | UNITED KINGDOM | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Training Programs | Education | Ingredients and Chemicals | Treatment | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Cervical Dilatation | Health Personnel | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | North America, Northern | Europe, Western | Europe
Document Number: 011335 Notification

9.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Choice of ecbolic and the morbidity of day-case terminations of pregnancy.
Author: Garrioch DB; Gilbert JR; Plantevin OM
Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1981 Oct;88(10):1029-32.
Abstract: In 103 women admitted for outpatient vaginal terminations of pregnancy, the relation was investigated between the use of ecbolics and blood loss, vomiting, and other side effects. Patient self-rating was incorporated in the study for comparative purposes. Use of a combined preparation of oxytocin and ergometrine resulted in the lowest blood losses. Ergometrine administered alone was associated with immediate nausea and vomiting but no delayed effects. 7 days after abortion, 35% of the women were still complaining of vaginal bleeding although in most cases, the volume was low. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | ABORTION | CLINICS | HEALTH FACILITIES | BLEEDING | COMPLICATIONS | OXYTOCIN | ERGOT ALKALOIDS | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | VOMITING | HEADACHE | PAIN | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Pituitary Hormones | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Alkaloids | Organic Chemicals | Ingredients and Chemicals | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Nausea
Document Number: 008448 Notification

10.
Title: Laminaria and other adjunctive methods.
Author: Stubblefield PG
Source: In: Berger GS, Brenner WE, Keith LG, ed. Second-trimester abortion: perspectives after a decade of experience. Littleton, Massachusetts, PSG Publishing, 1981. :135-61.
Abstract: Obstetrical writing of the 19th century describes a species of laminaria used in the gradual dilatation of the uterine cervix. Due to associated sepsis and abortion's being made illegal in many countries, the practice of using laminaria tents was dropped in the early 20th century. Legalization of abortion in the U.S. and elsewhere resulted in the reintroduction of laminaria in Western countries. They are used to induce 1st-trimester abortion, to aid in 2nd-trimester abortion by curettage, to augment the efficacy of intraamniotic PG (prostaglandin), combinations of urea and PGs, or analogues of PGs, and to dilate the cervix prior to induction of term labor. Laminaria are described. Their sterilization, insertion, and removal are described. By swelling to 2-4 times their dry size when exposed to water, the laminaria achieve cervical dilatation. Due to the risk of infection, they cannot be left in place longer than 24 hours. If wide dilatation is necessary, replacement laminaria must be inserted. Relative complications with laminaria and other methods of dilatation are assessed. 1 comparative study showed a statistically significant reduction in uterine perforation rates with laminaria but a slight increase in cervical injuries. Alternatives to laminaria include the Anker dilator, an inflatable dilator, expanding polymers, and other plant derivatives.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LAMINARIA TENTS | CERVIX | LITERATURE REVIEW | COMPLICATIONS | ABORTION | CHILDBIRTH | INFECTIONS | CERVICAL EFFECTS | UTERINE PERFORATION | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | PROSTAGLANDINS | CURETTAGE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Cervical Dilatation | Treatment | Uterus | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Perforations | Ingredients and Chemicals | Endocrine System | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery
Document Number: 004142 Notification

11.
Title: Abortion surveillance 1978.
Author: United States. Center for Disease Control [CDC]. Family Planning Evaluation Division
Source: Atlanta, Georgia, Center for Disease Control, 1980 Nov. 62 p.
Abstract: During 1978 the 50 states and the District of Columbia reported 1,157,776 legally induced abortions to the Center for Disease Control. This was a 7% increase over 1977. The national abortion rate increased from 22/1000 females age 15-44 in 1977 to 23 in 1978. As was the case in previous years, women who obtained abortions in 1978 were most often young, white, unmarried, and of low parity. 65% were younger than age 25; 67% were white, and 33% were of black and other races. 74% of all women obtaining abortions were unmarried at the time of the abortion, and 57% had had no live births. Curettage continued to be the most widely used procedure for reported legal abortions, accounting for 95% of abortions performed in 1978. Compared with 1977, the percentage of saline instillation procedures used after 15 weeks' gestation decreased. Dilatation and evacuation procedures increased, and instillation of prostaglandins and other agents stayed the same. 52% of the abortions were performed at less than 9 weeks' gestation, and 91% of abortions were induced within the first 12 weeks. Younger women obtained abortions at later gestations than older women. 27 women died from abortion in 1978; this was 8 fewer than the 35 who died in 1977. In an effort to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxytocin augmentation, data were analyzed on 10,013 women who underwent hypertonic saline instillation procedures and 1241 women who underwent prostaglandin F2a instillation procedures in the United States between 1971 and 1975. Concurrent administration of oxytocin was found to be associated with a significantly shorter instillation-to-abortion time for hypertonic saline but with a significantly longer time for PGF2a. For hypertonic saline, use of concurrent oxytocin did not affect either the success rate or the major complication rate, but it did affect the specific type of complication.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ABORTION | INCIDENCE | OXYTOCIN | PROSTAGLANDINS | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | CURETTAGE | MORTALITY | AGE FACTORS | MARITAL STATUS | PARITY | ETHNIC GROUPS | STATISTICS | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTOR CHARACTERISTICS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Measurement | Research Methodology | Pituitary Hormones | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Ingredients and Chemicals | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Nuptiality | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Cultural Background | Family Planning Acceptors | Family Planning Programs
Document Number: 803153 Notification

12.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Oxytocin augmentation of second-trimester abortion: safe or hazardous?
Author: Cates W; Schulz KF
Source: Contraception. 1980 Nov;22(5):513-25.
Abstract: The role of oxytocin in augmenting the uterine activity of second-trimester instillation abortions is controversial. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxytocin augmentation 10,013 women who underwent hypertonic saline instillation procedures and 1,241 who underwent prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) were studied. The data on U.S. women who had the procedure from 1971-75 was obtained through the Joint Program for the Study of Abortion under the auspices of the Center for Disease Control. It was found that concurrent administration of oxytocin was associated with a significantly shorter instillation-to-abortion time for hypertonic saline, but with a significantly longer time for PGF2a. For hypertonic saline, use of concurrent oxytocin did not affect either the success rate or the major complication rate; however, it did affect the type of complication that occurred. For PGF2a, use of concurrent oxytocin was associated with a lower success rate and a higher major complication rate than when PGF2a was used alone. Results may have been affected by the small number of observations. Even when controlled for concurrent oxytocin augmentation, unaugmented PGF2a had higher major complication rates than hypertonic saline. (Author's Modified)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OXYTOCIN | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | SIDE EFFECTS | ABORTION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Pituitary Hormones | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Ingredients and Chemicals | Treatment | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning
Document Number: 802765 Notification

13.
Title: Adolescent abortions in the United States.
Author: Cates W Jr
Source: [Unpublished] 1980. 23 p.
Abstract: Teenagers in the United States may be more negative than older women about abortions, but they are also more likely to use legal abortion to prevent unplanned births. The most important variable affecting abortions among teenagers is the significantly later gestational age at which their procedures are performed. After adjusting for this factor, teenagers have generally lower morbidity and mortality rates from legally induced abortions than do older women. For teenagers, the risk of dying from continuing an unplanned pregnancy to term is at least 5-fold higher than the risk of dying from abortion. There is no conclusive evidence regarding whether abortion methods used for today's teenagers will be associated with any harmful effects on later desired pregnancies. Rather than discouraging contraceptive use, the availability of legal abortion since 1970 has been associated with increased contraceptive use by teenagers. Present efforts to restrict abortion services for teenagers will probably have a negative public health impact by encouraging delay once a decision to have an abortion has been made.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ABORTION | ATTITUDES | MORTALITY | LITERATURE REVIEW | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | LONGTERM EFFECTS | HEALTH | STATISTICS | CURETTAGE | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Population Dynamics | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Time Factors | Research Methodology | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Ingredients and Chemicals
Document Number: 801966 Notification

14.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Further studies on the Trichosanthin-induced termination of pregnancy.
Author: Lau IF; Saksena SK; Chang MC
Source: Contraception. 1980 Jan;21(1):77-86.
Abstract: Trichosanthin (TCS), a protein from the root extract of Trichosanthis kirilowii, terminated pregnancy when injected once in 15-day pregnant rabbits (2 mg/doe) but failed to interrupt pregnancy in 12-day pregnant rabbits even at higher doses. In vitro release of progesterone (delta4P) from the maternal or fetal placental tissue into the incubation medium was not affected by TCS. When the distribution of <125>I-TCS was traced in 12-day pregnant mice, persistently higher concentration of <125> I-radioactivity was detected in the kidney. By contrast, in other organs, including the reproductive organs, blood serum and amniotic fluid <125> I-radioactivity declined between 12-48 hours after treatment. The low level of radioactivity in both the reproductive organs and amniotic fluid suggests a possible barrier between the embryo and maternal blood. It is suggested that TCS might be acting directly on the placental unit, causing fetal death and dislodging of the placenta. Administration of TCS to PD-19 mice or PD-28 rabbits resulted in premature delivery. This effect of TCS in pregnant mice was comparable to the administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
LABORATORY ANIMALS | ABORTION | PROGESTERONE ANALYSIS | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | PREGNANCY, THIRD TRIMESTER | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | FETAL DEATH | PROSTAGLANDINS | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Progesterone | Progestational Hormones | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Drugs | Treatment | Ingredients and Chemicals | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 011253 Notification

16.
Title: Methods of midtrimester abortion.
Source: ACOG Technical Bulletin. 1979;56:1-5.
Abstract: The incidence, techniques, morbidity and mortality, effectiveness, and acceptability of all the major methods of midtrimester abortion in the U.S. are reviewed. More than 100,000 2nd-trimester abortions are performed annually in the U.S., with saline instillation and dilatation and evacuation (D & E) accounting for the greatest proportion. The methods for midtrimester abortion can be categorized in the 5 following general types: 1) intrauterine instillation of abortifacients, e.g., saline, urea, or prostaglandins; 2) dilatation and evacuation; 3) hysterectomy and hysterotomy; 4) intrauterine mechanical devices; and 5) extrauterine use of abortifacients. The administration, dosage, and method of action of the various methods are discussed. Studies have shown the dilatation and evacuation method to be faster, safer, and more acceptable to patients than the induction of labor methods. Mechanical or pharmacologic techniques can be used to speed up labor onset. Contraindications, complications, and morbidity/mortality rates associated with the various methods are discussed. Gestational age and method are closely related and complications and expense both rise with gestational age. Efficacy of the different methods is also mentioned. Further comparative evaluation of the methods against each other as to safety, efficacy, ease of performance, and acceptability is recommended.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ABORTION | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | STATISTICS | MORTALITY | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | PROSTAGLANDINS | ORGANIC CHEMICALS | CURETTAGE | HYSTERECTOMY | HYSTEROTOMY | LAMINARIA TENTS | COUNSELING | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Ingredients and Chemicals | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Gynecologic Surgery | Urogenital Surgery | Cervical Dilatation | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Technology | Economic Factors
Document Number: 797434 Notification

17.
Title: Methods of midtrimester abortion.
Author: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG]
Source: ACOG Technical Bulletin. 1979 Dec;(56):1-6.
Abstract: This technical bulletin briefly summarizes and reviews the incidence, techniques, morbidity and mortality, effectiveness, and acceptability of the main methods of midtrimester abortion as practices in the United States. The incidence of midtrimester abortion in the U.S. remains at well over 100,000 women/year (legal abortions at CA 13 weeks of gestation). 5 general types of procedures are used: 1) intrauterine instillation of abortifacient agents (hypertonic solutions, such as saline, urea, mannitol, or glucose, or uterotonic agents, such as prostaglandins); dilatation and evacuation procedures; 3) hysterotomy and hysterectomy; 4) intrauterine mechanical devices (e.g., metreurynter balloon); and 5) extrauterine administration of abortifacient agents (only vaginal prostaglandin F2(PGF2) suppositories are currently approved as abortifacient agents). Intrauterine instillation techniques are associated with high rates of vomiting, diarrhea, and incomplete abortion. In addition, urea abortion leads to complications including hemorrhage, infection, and cervical lacerations, as well as gastrointestinal effects. At least 10 U.S. studies have established the relative safety of dilatation and evacuation abortions after 12 weeks of gestation. Intrauterine mechanical devices are consistently associated with high rates of infection and perforation as well as low rates of abortion. Nationwide abortion mortality surveillance data from 1972-1976 indicate that dilatation and evacuation may be safer than alternative methods after 12 weeks of gestation. In terms of efficaciousness, hysterotomy, hysterctomy, and dilatation and evacuation all have success rates nearing 100%; PGF2 among instillation agents seems most efficacious. Dilatation and evacuation seems most acceptable to women seeking midtrimester abortion. Of course, the goal is to perform abortions in the first trimester to avoid all of the complications associated with later-trimester techniques.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ABORTION | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | EVALUATION | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | ORGANIC CHEMICALS | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | PROSTAGLANDINS | CURETTAGE | HYSTERECTOMY | HYSTEROTOMY | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | MORTALITY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Ingredients and Chemicals | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Gynecologic Surgery | Urogenital Surgery | Drugs | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 796922 Notification

18.
Title: Placental histopathology of midtrimester termination.
Author: BABAKNIA A; PARMLEY TH; BURKMAN RT; ATIENZA MF; KING TM
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. May 1979;53(5):583-586.
Abstract: Second trimester placentas, passed spontaneously in 17 abortions induced by hypertonic sodium chloride and in 45 abortions induced by hyperosmolar urea plus prostaglandin F, were histologically compared; in 16 of the 17 sodium chloride cases, a pattern of severe tissue damage (Type A) was observed, and in the urea cases, approximately half of the cases exhibited Type A damage and the other half had a less severe form of damage (Type B). Type A damage is characterized by a zone of "coagulation necrosis" in which cell structure is lost, vessels are thrombosed, and there is severe inflammation. In Type B damage, cell structure is maintained, vessels are not thrombosed, and inflammation is diffuse. In previous studies of sodium chloride induced abortions, Type A damage had been noted and attributed to the hypertonicity of the abortifacient agent. Since half of the urea cases also had Type A damage, an attempt was made to discover clinical differences between the Type A and Type B urea cases. No significant differences were found; however, a scatter diagram suggests that patients with high concentrations of urea and with a longer interval between injection and subsequent abortion tended to exhibit Type A damage, while those with a shorter interval between injection and abortion manifested Type B damage. Tables include clinical characteristics of age, parity, duration of gestation, injection abortion interval, and amount of amniotic fluid removed for urea cases and a scatter diagram depicting interval time and estimated urea concentration. Photographs of tissue sections depicting Type and Type B damage are also included.
Language: English
Keywords:
CLINICAL RESEARCH | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ABORTION | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | PROSTAGLANDINS | CYTOLOGIC EFFECTS | WOMEN | HISTOLOGY | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | ORGANIC CHEMICALS | SIDE EFFECTS | Research Methodology | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Ingredients and Chemicals | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Treatment
Document Number: 790467 Notification

19.

Title: Uterine rupture after intra-amniotic injection of prostaglandin E2. (Letter)
Author: EMERY S; JARVIS GJ; JOHNSON DA
Source: British Medical Journal. July 7, 1979;2(6181):51.
Abstract: We wish to report a case of uterine rupture following intra-amniotic injection of prostaglandin E2 and hypertonic saline in order to induce abortion. The patient, aged 39 years, had had three previous vaginal deliveries and requested abortion at the 20th week of pregnancy. This was induced by an eventful transabdominal amniotic injection of 5 mg prostaglandin E2 and 100 ml of 30% hypertonic saline following the removal of 150 ml of clear liquor. Contractions commenced after four hours but after 11 hours the patient developed continuous lower abdominal pain and a pulse rate of 120 beats per minute. Abdominal examination revealed a tender suprapubic mass, equivalent to a 16-week gestation and a separate firm mass, 8 cm in diameter, in the right hypochondrium. A diagnosis of ruptured uterus was made and at laparotomy there was a rupture at the junction of the upper and lower segments involving the anterior wall and both lateral walls of the uterus. The intact gestation sac was bulging through the deficit. Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed and the postoperative course was uneventful. The cervix was normal. This is the first reported case of uterine rupture following mid-trimester termination of pregnancy with prostaglandin E2 and hypertonic saline, although one case has been reported following intra-amniotic injection of prostaglandin F2 and hypertonic saline. Cervicovaginal fistula, however, has been reported following 1% of terminations induced using intra-amniotic prostaglandin. We report this case in order to draw attention to an unusual complication which must be taken into account when choosing a method of terminating a pregnancy in the mid-trimester.(FULL TEXT)
Language: English
Keywords:
CASE STUDIES | PROSTAGLANDINS | PROSTAGLANDINS, ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | ABORTION | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | SIDE EFFECTS | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | Studies | Research Methodology | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Ingredients and Chemicals | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Treatment | Drugs
Document Number: 791136 Notification

20.
Title: Tools and techniques for performing abortion.
Author: Walden WD
Source: Contemporary OB/GYN. 1979 Oct;14(Special Issue):87-90.
Abstract: Focus in this discussion is on describing the techniques and equipment required to perform suction curettage on an outpatient basis and on the procedures and equipment needed for 2nd trimester abortions. Most abortions are now performed within 10 weeks of the last menstrual period (LMP), and for these abortions, the soft cannula is best because its curette-like features enhance tissue removal. Also, the centimeter markings on the flexible tubing reliably indicate uterine depth. Minor disadvantages of the soft cannula include lack of suction control and possible breaking of the suction tip. The 1st time the device is inserted into the uterine cavity, the suction should be turned off to prevent the tip from adhering to the uterine wall. Tissue inspection after 10 weeks from LMP is incomplete without an identification of the major structures: cranium, vertebral column, rib cage, and limbs. If no tissue is obtained in suctioning the cavity, the following 6 conditions need to be considered: 1) false passage created by overzealous dilation of a stenotic cervix; 2) a nonpregnant uterus with a false-positive pregnancy test; 3) ectopic pregnancy; 4) excessive size for dates; 5) uterine perforation; and 6) anomalous uterus. Intra-amniotic instillation of hypertonic saline continues to be the primary technique for midtrimester abortion in the United States. The procedures involves transabdominal amnioinfusion of hypertonic saline (200 ml of 20% saline), followed within 6 hours, or at the onset of labor, by intravenous administration of oxytocin. Augmenting the saline with oxytocin shortens the interval from induction to abortion. Dilatation and evacuation, plus suction, has gained increased acceptance within the past few years, but this technically difficult procedure is usually performed only by skilled technicians.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ABORTION | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | CANNULA | CLINICS | CURETTAGE | PREGNANCY, FIRST TRIMESTER | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | UTERINE ASPIRATOR | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Ingredients and Chemicals | Equipment and Supplies | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Surgical Equipment
Document Number: 792095 Notification

21.
Title: A clinical comparison of intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2 alpha and intra-amniotic hypertonic saline for midtrimester pregnancy termination.
Author: ROBINS J
Source: Advances in Planned Parenthood. 1978;13(2):27-34.
Abstract: Because essentially nonmedical considerations dictated replacement of intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) by hypertonic saline in pregnancies beyond 20 weeks gestation in 1974, effects of this change were investigated at the Nassau County Medical Center, New York. 700 PGF2 alpha and 170 saline terminations, augmented by laminaria tent and oxytocin, were compared based on criteria of abortifacient efficacy and safety: cumulative abortion rates, proportion of complete abortions, mean instillation-to-abortion times, proportion of patients aborting within 24 hours, and complication rates. Instillation-to-abortion times and cumulative abortion rates were not significantly different between the groups, either considered as a whole or as subgroups according to parity or length of gestation, but abortion was complete more often after saline instillation. No significant differences were measured between the rates of major complications. While prostaglandin instillations were associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal effects, serious complication rates were low and did not indicate a clear superiority of one method over the other with respect to safety.
Language: English
Keywords:
COMPARATIVE STUDIES | NEW YORK | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | PREGNANCY, THIRD TRIMESTER | ABORTION | EVALUATION | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | PROSTAGLANDINS | OXYTOCIN | LAMINARIA TENTS | GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS | PARITY | ETHNIC GROUPS | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | COMPLICATIONS | SIDE EFFECTS | Studies | Research Methodology | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Ingredients and Chemicals | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Pituitary Hormones | Hormones | Cervical Dilatation | Treatment | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Diseases
Document Number: 781225 Notification

22.
Title: Flushing of the vas deferens during vasectomy.
Author: ROBSON AJ; HUNT PK
Source: CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1978 Apr 8;118(7):770, 775.
Abstract: After vasectomy, a 6-week period generally elapses before azoospermia occurs. In an attempt to reduce this interval, saline flushing of each vas deferens was adopted. Of 41 males undergoing vasectomy from April 1974 to July 1977, 20 were cannulated and flushed with 10 ml of saline in each vas deferens prior to ligation while the remaining 21 were not flushed. All patients were discharged on the day of operation and sperm counts, taken 7-14 days postoperatively, were made on all but 6 of the controls. By the end of 2 weeks, 60% (12/20) of the flushed patients and 33% (5/15) of the controls were azoospermic. Those patients still exhibiting spermatozoa at this time were re-examined at 2-week intervals until azoospermia was found. In other studies of vas deferens flushing, sterile water did not significantly reduce the inverval between vasectomy and azoospermia, chlorhexidine appears slightly superior to water, nitrofurans has been used and euflavine appears to reduce the inverval by immobilizing the spermatozoa.
Language: English
Keywords:
CLINICAL RESEARCH | SPERM COUNT | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | VASECTOMY | SURGERY | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | SPERMATOZOA | Research Methodology | Laboratory Procedures | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Ingredients and Chemicals | Male Sterilization | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Treatment | Contraceptive Effectiveness | Contraception | Germ Cells | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 782160

24.
Title: Abortion surveillance: United States, 1975.
Author: United States. Center for Disease Control [CDC]
Source: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 1977 Jul 29;26(30):241.
Abstract: Induced abortion statistics for the U.S. for the year 1975 have been released by the Center for Disease Control. The 854,853 legal abortions performed in that year represesnt a 12% increase over the total for the previous year. The nationwide abortion ratio for 1975 was more than 1 legal abortion for every 4 live births. The occurrence of legal abortion continued to spread to states which had had restrictive abortion laws prior to 1973, which meant that a greater proportion of women continued to obtain legal abortions in their state of residence. Aborters tended to be young, white, unmarried, of low parity, and early in their pregnancies. Data on these personal characteristics of aborters are tabulated for the years 1972-1975. The most frequently used methods for both 1st and 2nd trimester abortions are mentioned. Abortion associated mortality continued to decline.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ABORTION | MATERNAL MORTALITY | STATISTICS | PREGNANCY, FIRST TRIMESTER | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | AGE FACTORS | ETHNIC GROUPS | MARITAL STATUS | PARITY | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | PROSTAGLANDINS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Population Characteristics | Cultural Background | Nuptiality | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Ingredients and Chemicals | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 776618 Notification

25.
Title: Recovery of preimplantation blastocysts in the squirrel monkey by a laparoscopic technique.
Author: ARIGA S; DUKELOW WR
Source: Fertility and Sterility. May 1977;28(5):577-580.
Abstract: A technique is described for recovery of preimplantation embryos from squirrel monkeys. Monkeys were induced to ovulate after 4-5 days treatment with 1 mg of follicle stimulating hormone followed by 500 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Natural mating or artificial insemination was done near the time of ovulation. AT 36 hours and 11 days after HCG administration, laparoscopic examinations were done to determine if ovulation had occurred. 4-7 days and 15-17 days after HCG administration, warmed saline solution was flushed through the uterine lumen. This was accomplished under laparoscopic control through a needle inserted through the adbominal wall and the uterine fundus into the uterine lumen. Flushed fluid was recovered from the vagina with a pipette or a catheter. Fluid recovery averaged 65.4%. In 1 animal, 10 such flushings were done without ill effect. After 58 flushings, 6 unfertilized ova and 2 preimplantation blastocysts were recovered. Results indicated that the zona pellucida of the squirrel monkey ovum is lost at a younger age than the human's or baboon's as reported by others. This could imply earlier ovum entry into the uterus and earlier embryonic development.
Language: English
Keywords:
LABORATORY ANIMALS | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | PREIMPLANTATION PHASE | OVUM | LAPAROSCOPY | FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE | GONADOTROPINS, CHORIONIC | OVULATION | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | ANALYSIS | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Implantation | Pregnancy, First Trimester | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Germ Cells | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Gonadotropins, Pituitary | Gonadotropins | Hormones | Endocrine System | Ingredients and Chemicals | Drugs | Treatment | Reproductive Technologies
Document Number: 770932

26.
Title: Frequency of ovarian follicular cysts, reasons for culling, and fertility in Holstein-Friesian cows given gonadotropin-releasing hormone at two weeks after parturition.
Author: BRITT JH; HARRISON DS; MORROW DA
Source: American Journal of VEterinay Research. 1977 Jun;38(6):749-751.
Abstract: The incidence of ovarian follicular cysts and reasons for disposal and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows given gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) 2 weeks postparturition were evaluated. 106 of 204 Holstein-Fresian cows were given 200 mcg of GnRH on Postpartum Days 8-23 (mean 14.8th day). Fewer (p less than .01) GnRH -treated cows developed ovarian follicualr cysts than among the 98 saline-treated cows (5.7 vs. 15.3%). Of cows which developed ovarian follicualr cysts, 3 of 6 given GnRH and 9 of 15 given saline conceived after additional GnRH therapy. The remaining cows were culled for infertility. Fewer GnRH-treated cows were culled for infertility than among cows given saline solution, 26 vs. 57% (p less than .05). Although total culling was similar (p greater than .05) more cows in the GnRH-treated group were disposed of because of low milk production. Similar percentages of cows were culled from each group for reasons of injury or disease. Postpartum therapy with this naturally occurring decapeptide could result in a major reduction in losses from infertility in dairy herds. To reduce costs, limiting treatments to cows which have not begun estrous cycles before 30 days postparturition would concentrate therapy on those animals which are most likely to have reduced fertility.
Language: English
Keywords:
COMPARATIVE STUDIES | LABORATORY ANIMALS | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | PITUITARY HORMONE RELEASING HORMONES | OVARIAN CYSTS | INFERTILITY | PUERPERIUM | LACTATION | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | SIDE EFFECTS | GONADOTROPINS | Studies | Research Methodology | Clinical Research | Ingredients and Chemicals | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Reproduction | Maternal Physiology | Drugs | Treatment
Document Number: 772617

27.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Factors affecting cytidine uptake and utilization by the rat uterus.
Author: GREENMAN DE
Source: Endocrinology. April 1977;100(4):1201-1205.
Abstract: The interrelationships between cytidine uptake, phosphorylation, and incorporation into RNA, and the role of estradiol in these events is reported. 2 hours prior to sacrifice animals were injected with 1 mcg estradiol-17beta or saline alone. Tritiated cytidine was injected at a dose of 25 mcCi/100 gm body weight, and animals killed either 5 or 20 minutes later. Intracellular free cytidine was observed only at a dosate of 4.2 mcmol/100 gm. At lower dosages, the nucleoside was phosphorylated as rapidly as it entered the uterine cells. Uptake of cytidine by the hormonally stimulated uterus was much more rapid than in the controls. Estradiol had a dramatic effect on equilibration of cytidine with the uterus. Hormone-treated rats showed free cytidine accumulating as early as 5 minutes. Nucleotides and RNA were 5-6 times more highly labeled in treated than in control animals after 5 minutes. This difference was reduced to 2-fold when the labeling period was 20 minutes. At 20 minutes the free nucleoside of the uterus was labeled about equally in control and treated rats. It is concluded that estradiol causes a rapid equilibration of circulating cytidine with the uterus and that increases in labeling of RNA and precursor nucleotides 2 hours after treatment are largely due to this rapid equilibration.
Language: English
Keywords:
COMPARATIVE STUDIES | LABORATORY ANIMALS | OVARIECTOMY | ESTRADIOL | UTERUS | HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION | HORMONE RECEPTORS | SIDE EFFECTS | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | FEMALE STERILIZATION | Studies | Research Methodology | Clinical Research | Gynecologic Surgery | Urogenital Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Estrogens | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Ingredients and Chemicals | Membrane Proteins | Drugs | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning
Document Number: 770602