1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Characteristics of women who sought emergency contraception at a university-based women's health clinic. Author: Parrish JW; Katz AR; Grove JS; Maddock J; Myhre S Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 May 7;201 Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify unique characteristics for seeking emergency contraception (EC) among sexually active unmarried women who attended a university-based women's health clinic (WHC). STUDY DESIGN: Three hundred nine consecutive women who attended the women's health clinic for 3 months of the 2006 spring semester completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Fisher exact and the Student t tests were used to assess bivariate associations, and step-wise regression was used to determine independent associations. RESULTS: Women who requested EC were more likely to have previously used EC (P < .001), to have had unprotected sex in the past 6 months (P < .001), to have experienced an unintended pregnancy in the past year (P = .009), and to perceive the need for EC use in the next 3 months (P < .001) but were less likely to use hormonal contraception or an intrauterine device (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the need for increased education that wouldinclude the use of and access to effective primary contraceptive methods in conjunction with EC awareness. Language: English Keywords: HAWAII | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | WOMEN | STUDENTS | UNMARRIED | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | UNIVERSITIES | CONTRACEPTIVE HISTORY | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | PERCEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | IUD | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Contraception | Family Planning | Schools | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraceptive Methods Document Number: 341146 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: Well-being, sleep, exercise patterns, and the menstrual cycle: A comparison of natural hormones, oral contraceptives and Depo-Provera. Author: Brown SG; Morrison LA; Larkspur LM; Marsh AL; Nicolaisen N Source: Women and Health. 2008;47(1):105-121. Abstract: Overall well-being, sleep and exercise patterns were investigated in women between the ages of 18 and 36 years with natural hormone profiles (n = 12), and women using oral contraceptives (n = 12) or Depo-Provera (n = 12) from January 18, 2005 to December 7, 2005. Daily questionnaires on the above variables were obtained across 3 menstrual cycles (108 cycles). Women using hormonal contraception reported more overall negative well-being than women with natural hormone profiles (p = .038). Positive well-being at mid-cycle was positively correlated with increased sleep by the natural hormone (p less than .05) and oral contraception groups (p less than .05) but not by the Depo-Provera group. Women with natural hormone profiles walked more when they reported decreased well-being. Our findings indicate that the use of Depo-Provera interferes with the natural relations between sleep, cycle phase and well-being. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HAWAII | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | DEPO-PROVERA | HORMONES | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | SLEEPING | FITNESS | MENSTRUAL CYCLE | HAPPINESS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Behavior | Health | Menstruation | Reproduction | Emotions | Psychological Factors Document Number: 326422 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: Circumcision and human papillomavirus infection in men: A site-specific comparison. Author: Hernandez BY; Wilkens LR; Zhu X; McDuffie K; Thompson P Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2008;197:787-794. Abstract: Lack of circumcision has been identified as a risk factor for male genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, although this association has not been consistently supported. Specimens for HPV testing were collected from a cohort of 379 (primarily heterosexual) adult males. HPV prevalence in the glans penis and coronal sulcus, penile shaft, scrotum, semen, and urine was compared by circumcision status. Overall, HPV DNA prevalence ranged from 6% in semen to 52% in the penile shaft. The prevalence of any HPV infection in the glans/corona was significantly higher in uncircumcised men (46%) than in circumcised men (29%) (odds ratio [OR], 1.96 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.02-3.75], adjusted for demographic characteristics and sexual history). Uncircumcised men also had an increased risk of oncogenic HPV infection (adjusted OR, 2.51 [95% CI, 1.11-5.69]) and infection with multiple HPV types (adjusted OR, 3.56 [95% CI, 1.50-8.50]). Among uncircumcised men, HPV prevalence in the foreskin (44%) was comparable to that in the glans/corona, and type-specific positivity was observed between the 2 sites (k = 0.52). Uncircumcised men have an increased risk of HPV infection, including with oncogenic HPV, specifically localized to the glans/corona, possibly because of its proximity to the foreskin, which may be particularly vulnerable to infection. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HAWAII | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | MEN | ADULTS | HPV | RISK FACTORS | MALE CIRCUMCISION | CANCER | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Biology | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Neoplasms Document Number: 325231 |
4.  Title: Combined oral contraceptive use and epithelial ovarian cancer risk: Time-related effects. Author: Lurie G; Wilkens LR; Thompson PJ; McDuffie KE; Carney ME Source: Epidemiology. 2008 Mar;19(2):237-243. Abstract: Although the protective effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) use against epithelial ovarian cancer is well-established, there remain gaps in our understanding of the contributions of time-related characteristics of OC use to risk. This population-based case-control study, carried out in Hawaii and Los Angeles 1993-2006, included 813 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer and 992 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Epithelial ovarian cancer risk was reduced 5 or more years after initiation of OC use (OR = 0.18; CI = 0.08-0.39). Each year of use provided a 5% reduction (CI = 2%-8%) in risk. A positive gradient in risk with time since first OC use was independent of duration of OC use. The inverse association of OCs with risk was attenuated decades after last use, but was not affected by age at first or last use. OC use for less than 1 year was associated with decreased ovarian cancer risk (OR = 0.45; CI = 0.26-0.79) only among recent users (less than or equal to 20 years from diagnosis/interview). Women who used OCs for a year or more were protected for at least 3 decades after they stopped use. Reduction in epithelial ovarian cancer risk associated with OC use became apparent after a short latency period and short duration of use, and was long-lasting. Time since first use and time since last use seem to modify the association of OCs with ovarian cancer risk independently of duration of use. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HAWAII | CALIFORNIA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | OVARIAN CANCER | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | RISK FACTORS | TIME FACTORS | LONGTERM EFFECTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Biology | Population Dynamics Document Number: 325019 |
| 5. Title: Cortical atrophy and white matter hyperintensities in HIV: the Hawaii Aging with HIV Cohort Study. Author: McMurtray A; Nakamoto B; Shikuma C; Valcour V Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2008 Jul-Aug;17(4):212-7. Abstract: BACKGROUND: As many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive individuals are now living longer after infection because of highly active antiretroviral therapy, aging-related manifestations of cerebral small-vessel ischemic vascular disease, such as brain white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), are becoming increasingly important in this population. GOALS: This study was designed to determine the relationship between WMHs and cortical volumes in HIV-seropositive individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Voxel-based morphometry was used to compare cortical volumes among 62 HIV-seropositive individuals participating in the Hawaii Aging with HIV Cohort Study, 30 with moderate WMHs and 32 with minimal or no WMHs. RESULTS: Presence of moderate WMHs was associated with decreased cortical volumes in the frontal lobes bilaterally. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that age-related WMHs are associated with reduced frontal gray matter volumes in HIV-seropositive individuals, supporting the hypothesis that the frontal lobes may have greater susceptibility to the effects of small-vessel ischemic vascular disease. Language: English Keywords: HAWAII | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | OLDER ADULTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | VASCULAR DISEASES | BIOLOGICAL AGING | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 328567 |
| 6. Title: Effects of combination oral contraceptives on strength development in women athletes. Author: Nichols AW; Hetzler RK; Villanueva RJ; Stickley CD; Kimura IF Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2008 Sep;22(5):1625-32. Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the effects of combination oral contraceptive agents (OCAs) on strength and torque production in collegiate women softball and water polo athletes who participated in a 12-week strength development program. A double-blind research design was used to mask subjects to the main outcome of interest. Thirty-one women collegiate softball and water polo players were divided into experimental (OCA users, n = 13), and control (non-OCA users, n = 18) groups. All subjects participated in the same supervised 12-week preseason strength development program. One-repetition maximum bench press (1RMBP), 10-repetition maximum leg extension (10RMLE), isokinetic peak torque bench press (IKBP), and isokinetic peak torque leg extension (IKLE) data were collected at weeks 0 (pre-test), 4, 8, and 12 (post-test). Significant increases in strength and torque production over time were identified regardless of group for 1RMBP, 10RMLE, and IKLE. No significant differences in IKBP torque production occurred during the 12-week strength training program. No significant differences in 1RMBP, 10RMLE, IKBP, or IKLE occurred between the OCA users and the non-OCA users groups. It was concluded that, within the limitations of the study, the use of combination OCAs did not provide sufficient androgenic effect to increase strength gains beyond the stimulus of the training protocol. Language: English Keywords: HAWAII | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | ATHLETES | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | ANABOLIC STEROIDS | TESTING | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Androgens | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Measurement | Research Methodology Document Number: 330101 |
| 7. Title: Dating violence victimization: associated drinking and sexual risk behaviors of Asian, Native Hawaiian, Caucasian high school students in Hawaii. Author: Ramisetty-Mikler S; Goebert D; Nishimura S; Caetano R Source: Journal of School Health. 2006 Oct;76(8):423-429. Abstract: Ethnic minority groups such as Asian/Pacific Islanders (APIs) and native populations in Hawaii are seldom studied in the area of intimate relationships. Using the 1999 Hawaii Youth Risk Behavior Survey, this study examined gender and ethnic differences in experiencing physical dating violence and whether drinking (early initiation, binge drinking), unsafe sexual behaviors (early initiation, multiple partners, use of alcohol and drugs with sex, history of sexual abuse), and suicidality constitute risk for victimization among APIs, Native Hawaiian (NH), and Caucasian high school students in multiethnic state of Hawaii. The final analysis included 559 boys and 683 girls. The overall rate of experiencing physical violence was 7.8% with both genders reporting similar rates (boys 7.6%, girls 8.0%). Although not significantly different, NH students reported a higher rate (11.6%) than Caucasians (7.3%) and APIs (6.5%). Significant bivariate associations were found between victimization and many of the risk factors. Regression analyses indicated that students 16 years or older were nearly 3 times more at risk for experiencing dating violence. The risk was 8-fold if youth were sexually active by age 13 compared to those who abstained. The risk is 3-fold for those who reported prior sexual abuse. Early initiation of drinking (< 12 years) and suicidality doubled the risk of being a victim. Clearly, the study highlights the risk of experiencing dating violence when a teen engages in sex very early or uses alcohol. Schools must routinely educate youth about various forms of dating violence, the effects of engaging in early sex, and drinking. Screening adolescents for associated risk factors such as drinking and depression is crucial to identify victimization. Dating violence is an antecedent for adult partner violence. Thus, by reducing youth dating violence, we may consequently reduce the incidence of adult partner violence. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HAWAII | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | STUDENTS | ETHNIC GROUPS | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | VIOLENCE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEXUAL ABUSE | PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Education | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Aggression Document Number: 307158 |
| 8. Title: Multivariate analysis of parity progression-based measures of the total fertility rate and its components using individual-level data. Author: Retherford R; Ogawa N; Matsukura R Source: [Unpublished] 2006. Presented at the Population Association of America, 2006 Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, California, March 30 - April 1, 2006. [45] p. Abstract: This paper develops multivariate methods for analyzing (1) effects of socioeconomic variables on the total fertility rate and its components and (2) effects of socioeconomic variables on the trend in the total fertility rate and its components. For the multivariate methods to be applicable, the total fertility rate must be calculated from parity progression ratios (PPRs), pertaining to the transitions from birth to first marriage, first marriage to first birth, first birth to second birth, and so on. The methodology also encompasses the total marital fertility rate calculated from PPRs, mean and median ages at first marriage, and mean and median closed birth intervals at each parity. The methods are applicable to either period measures or cohort measures. The methods are illustrated by application to data from the 1993, 1998, and 2003 DHS surveys in the Philippines. (author's) Language: English Keywords: HAWAII | JAPAN | SUMMARY REPORT | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | BIRTH INTERVALS | MARRIAGE AGE | FIRST BIRTH | PARITY | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality | Pregnancy History Document Number: 316999 |
| 9. Title: Fact sheet: Teen sexual activity, pregnancy, and childbearing among Asians and Pacific Islanders in the United States. Author: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy Source: Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2005 Nov. 4 p. Abstract: According to the 2000 Census, 5 % of the U.S. population is of Asian descent and 0.3% of the population is of native Hawaiian or other Pacific islander descent. In 2001, half a million girls between the ages of 15 and 19 were of Asian or Pacific Islander descent, approximately 4% of all 15- to 19-year-old girls. Two percent of the combined Asian and Pacific Islander populations is also Hispanic/Latino. Among those of Asian descent, the largest subgroups are Chinese (23%), Filipino (20%), Asian Indian (16%), and Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese (10% each). About half (46%) of those of Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander descent are native Hawaiian; other large subgroups within the Pacific Islander category are Samoan (15%) and Guamanian (11%). Approximately half of the U.S. Asian population lives in California, New York, or Hawaii, and over half of the U.S. Pacific Islander population lives in Hawaii or California. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: OCEANIA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HAWAII | STATISTICAL STUDIES | TABLES AND CHARTS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | ASIANS | PREGNANT WOMEN | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | MATERNAL HEALTH | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | BIRTH RECORDS | SEX BEHAVIOR | PREGNANCY RATE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Developing Countries | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Health | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Vital Statistics | Population Statistics | Behavior | Fertility Measurements | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 306844 |
| 10. Title: What if: How declines in teen births have improved poverty and child well-being in Hawaii. Author: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy Source: Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2005 Apr. 3 p. Abstract: Years of research have closely linked teen pregnancy and early childbearing to a host of other critical social issues, including overall child health and well-being, out-of-wedlock births, educational attainment and workforce readiness, responsible fatherhood, and poverty in particular -- especially child poverty. For example, young children born to a mother who is a teenager, is not married, and did not finish high school are nine times more likely to be poor than children born to mothers without these three risk factors. Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing cost taxpayers at least $7 billion annually and place a serious economic burden on schools and on health, welfare and social service systems. The U.S. teen birth rate declined by 30 percent between 1991 and 2002--a significant decrease that has made major contributions to American communities. Illustrating this very point, the U.S. Congress' Joint Economic Committee completed an analysis in April 2004 that the National Campaign in turn summarized. The congressional study posed an intriguing question: if the nation's teen birth rate had remained at its 1991 level through 2002 (rather than decreasing as it did), how many more children would have been born to teen mothers and to single mothers, and what would have been the effect on poverty and on the living arrangements of children? Findings included the following: if teen birth rates had not declined nationally by 30 percent during that time, there would have been an additional 1.2 million more children born to teen mothers, approximately 460,000 additional children in poverty and almost 700,000 more children living with a single mother. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HAWAII | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ONE PARENT FAMILY | BIRTH RATE | POVERTY | CHILD HEALTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | CAMPAIGNS | FERTILITY DECLINE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Measurements | Economic Factors | Health | Communication Programs | Communication | Fertility Changes Document Number: 307103 |
| 11. Title: New sanitation techniques for controlling tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: tephritidae) in Hawaii. Author: Klungness LM; Jang EB; Mau RF; Vargas RI; Sugano JS Source: Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 2005;9(2):5-14. Abstract: New approaches to sanitation in a cropping system susceptible to tephritid fruit flies (Diptera tephritidae) in Hawaii have been investigated. Six trials were conducted in tent-like structures to demonstrate that melon fly larvae (Bacrocera cucurbitae, Coquillett) are not reliably controlled by malathion sprayed on the surface of whole or smashed fruit. Smashing fruit does not sufficiently reduce the rate of eclosion to be a reliable population control measure. Tilling fruit into the ground only partially reduced eclosion. Burying fruit 0.15 and 0.30 m deep also partially reduced eclosion. Burying fruit 0.46 m deep prevented adult fly eclosion. Screen between the infested fruit and the ground prevented 90.2% of fly eclosion (edges of the screen were buried to prevent the escape of eclosing adult flies). Larvae pupate within 0.7 m from their host fruit (mean distance = 13.88 ± 1.76 cm, 95% Cl = 10.4 to 17.4 cm). Augmentoria entrapped all adult flies eclosing from fruit placed inside the structure. The data suggests that the three (3) methods of interdicting adult fly eclosion should be practiced. They are, in order of effectiveness, placing cull fruit in augmentoria, burying the fruit 0.46 m under ground, or placing fruit on screen under and 0.7 m beyond the fruit pile. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HAWAII | RESEARCH REPORT | AGRICULTURE | PESTICIDES | ANIMALS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | SANITATION | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Ingredients and Chemicals | Natural Resources | Environment | Diseases | Public Health | Health | Technology Document Number: 295968 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: More women know about emergency contraception, but can they get it? New Mexico, Hawaii latest states to offer pharmacist provision of EC. Source: Contraceptive Technology Update. 2003 Sep;24(9):97-99. Abstract: The word is getting out about emergency contraception (EC). A just-released national survey reports that two-thirds of women ages 18-44 are aware that there is something a woman can do to prevent pregnancy in the few days following sexual intercourse. However, barriers still exist to EC access. The survey results indicate only 6% of women report ever using the pregnancy prevention method. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: NEW MEXICO | HAWAII | WASHINGTON | CALIFORNIA | ALASKA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | ADULTS | WOMEN | PHARMACISTS | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | LEGISLATION | TRAINING TECHNIQUES | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraception | Family Planning | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Training Activities | Training Programs | Education | Communication Document Number: 183469 |
| 13. Title: State facts about abortion: Hawaii. Author: Alan Guttmacher Institute [AGI] Source: [New York, New York], AGI, 2003. 3 p. (State Facts about Abortion) Abstract: This article presents background information about the frequency of abortion in the United States, followed by statistics on abortion frequency, abortion services, and restrictions on abortion for the United States as a whole and Hawaii specifically. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HAWAII | PAMPHLETS | ADULTS | WOMEN | ABORTION | PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | HEALTH FACILITIES | ABORTION LAW | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Printed Media | Mass Media | Communication | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Reproduction | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraception | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 175589 Notification |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Risk of mesh erosion with sacral colpopexy and concurrent hysterectomy. Author: Brizzolara S; Pillai-Allen A Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 Aug;102(2):306-310. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine short- and long-term mesh-related complications in women undergoing abdominal sacral colpopexy with concurrent hysterectomy, compared with women with a prior hysterectomy undergoing sacral colpopexy alone. METHODS: Patient characteristics, hospital complications, postoperative clinical course, and long-term graft-related complications were reviewed for all women with genital prolapse who underwent abdominal sacral colopexy between 1996 and 1998. Women with concurrent hysterectomy were compared with women with vaginal prolapse after a prior hysterectomy. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-four patients, 60 with concurrent hysterectomy and 64 with prior hysterectomy, were observed postoperatively for a median of 35.5 (0-74) months. Demographics of the two groups were similar, with a mean age of 65.1 +/- 9.4 years and a mean body mass index of 25.8 +/- 4.2 kg/m(2). Eighty percent of colpopexies used prolene synthetic mesh and 20% allograft material. Initial operative and hospital complications were rare in both groups and included a blood transfusion of 2 U, a ureteral transection, a wound infection, heart block, and an arrhythmia. Delayed graft complications included one mesh erosion in a patient with a prior hysterectomy that was managed by office resection (0.8%). CONCLUSION: Concurrent hysterectomy with abdominal sacral colopopexy has a low incidence of mesh complications and can be used as a first-line treatment for genital prolapse. (author's) Language: English Keywords: HAWAII | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | HYSTERECTOMY | RISK FACTORS | VAGINAL ABNORMALITIES | GENITAL EFFECTS, FEMALE | GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Urogenital Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Biology | Diseases | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology Document Number: 194790 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Behavioral surveillance: current perspectives, and its role in catalyzing action. Author: Brown T Source: JAIDS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2003 Feb 1;32 Suppl 1:S12-S17. Abstract: In the age of 2nd generation surveillance, behavioral surveillance systems form one of the central components of national HIV monitoring systems. Different approaches to behavioral monitoring and the comparative role of behavioral surveillance are discussed, followed by an exploration of some of the practical issues that arise in the implementation of behavioral surveillance systems. This article concludes by stressing the importance of ensuring that the results of behavioral surveillance work are translated into actions that improve the national response to HIV. (author's) Language: English Keywords: HAWAII | LITERATURE REVIEW | BEHAVIOR | PERCEPTION | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | EVALUATION METHODOLOGY | CHANGES | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Psychological Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Evaluation | Social Change Document Number: 175480 |
| 16. Title: Rights talk and the experience of law: implementing women's human rights to protection from violence. Author: Merry SE Source: Human Rights Quarterly. 2003;25:343-381. Abstract: How does a person come to understand his or her problems in terms of rights? This is a critical problem for the battered women’s movement as well as for other human rights movements that rely on rights awareness to encourage victims to seek help from the law. The adoption of a rights consciousness requires experiences with the legal system that confirm that subjectivity. Rights-defined selves emerge from supportive encounters with police, prosecutors, judges, and probation officers. This empirical study shows how victims of violence against women come to take on rights consciousness. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HAWAII | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | HUMAN RIGHTS | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | INTERVIEWS | SOCIAL BEHAVIOR | LEGISLATION | IMPLEMENTATION | SOCIAL PROTECTION | FEMINISM | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 274412 |
| 17. Title: Contraception counts: Hawaii. Author: Alan Guttmacher Institute [AGI] Source: New York, New York, AGI, 2002 Jun. [2] p. (Contraception Counts) Abstract: This article summarizes, for the state of Hawaii, the following points: pregnancy outcomes in Hawaii; teen pregnancy outcomes in Hawaii; women at need for contraceptive services and supplies; availability of family planning services; and impact of subsidized services. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HAWAII | PAMPHLETS | CONTRACEPTION | LOW INCOME POPULATION | WOMEN | ADULTS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | HEALTH SERVICES | NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES | FAMILY PLANNING | NEEDS | PUBLIC ASSISTANCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Printed Media | Mass Media | Communication | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Adolescents | Youth | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Reproduction | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Government Financing | Financial Activities Document Number: 175649 |
| 18. Title: An investigation of soy intake and mammographic characteristics in Hawaii. Author: Maskarinec G; Meng L Source: Breast Cancer Research. 2001;3:134-141. Abstract: This cross-sectional investigation in Hawaii explored the relation between soy foods and mammographic characteristics using two food frequency questionnaires and a computer-assisted density assessment method. Japanese and Chinese women reported significantly greater soy food intake than Caucasian women. Whereas soy intake and the size of the dense areas were not related, soy intake and percent mammographic densities were positively associated. The size of the entire breast and the nondense area (ie the fatty part of the breast) were inversely related to soy intake. These results suggest the hypothesis that soy foods by themselves or as part of an Asian dietary pattern may affect the growth of the female breast before adulthood, but the possible mechanisms of action have to be explored in future studies. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HAWAII | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | BREAST CANCER | MAMMARY GLAND EFFECTS | DIET | NUTRITION | MAMMOGRAM | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | Health | Examinations and Diagnoses Document Number: 192608 |
| 19. Title: Intravaginal misoprostol for medical evacuation of first trimester missed abortion. Author: Wakabayashi M; Tretiak M; Kessel B; Kosasa T; Aeby T Source: Clinical Journal of Women's Health. 2001 Mar;1(2):80-5. Abstract: The aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravaginal misoprostol for medical evacuation of first trimester missed abortions. Seven women with a diagnosis of a first trimester missed abortion were recruited into the study. Diagnosis of missed abortion was based on transvaginal ultrasound. Study protocol was the use of 800 mcg of misoprostol placed intravaginally, repeated in 12 hours if expulsion of the products of conception had not occurred. Pre-study beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (bHCG) and progesterone levels were determined. Study end points included complete evacuation of the uterus as determined by examination and ultrasound, quantitative blood loss, and determination of side effects. 5 of 7 of the medical evacuations were successful. In the treatment success group, the mean gestational age for patients was 8 weeks and 3 days, with a range of 6 weeks and 1 day to 9 weeks and 3 days. Also in this group, the mean time from the insertion to the complete passage of products of conception was 17 hours and 50 minutes, with a range of 5 hours and 10 minutes to 50 hours. The treatment success group had a mean measured blood loss of 434 ml, ranging from 171 to 871 ml, with a mean decline in hemoglobin of 0.6 g/dl. One patient in the treatment success group required a second dose of misoprostol. In the treatment failure group, one patient completely passed products of conception 2 weeks after the 2 doses of misoprostol. The other patient in the treatment failure group passed products of conception 12 hours after insertion of the misoprostol but required a dilatation and curettage 3 days later. Serum bHCG and progesterone determinations did not seem to predict success of therapy. Side effects in all study patients included cramping in 6 of 7 patients, which were noted to be moderate in 5 and mild in 1. This pilot study suggests that intravaginal misoprostol for the medical evacuation of first trimester missed abortions may be safe and effective and may offer women an alternative to dilatation and curettage, but the amount of blood that potentially can be lost is a concern. Therefore, larger trials of adequate sample size are needed to compare this treatment with other therapies. (author's) Language: English Keywords: HAWAII | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | ABORTION | MISOPROSTOL | SAFETY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Prostaglandins, Synthetic | Prostaglandins | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Public Health | Health Document Number: 159043 Notification |
| 20. Title: Cognitive adaptation: a women's health perspective for reducing stress during childbearing. Author: Affonso DD; De AK; Korenbrot CC; Mayberry LJ Source: JOURNAL OF WOMEN'S HEALTH AND GENDER-BASED MEDICINE. 1999 Dec;8(10):1285-94. Abstract: This prospective longitudinal study evaluates the psychological changes occurring among women in three minority ethnic groups at a program of psychosocial services that promote positive cognitive adaptation to childbearing throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period. A total of 223 women from Hawaii participated in the Malama perinatal program during 1992-94. Both the cognitive adaptation and the generalized stress were measured at each trimester of pregnancy, as well as at birth and 3 months postpartum, in which their mean scores were compared to the cross-sectional sample tested before the program. For women in the program, results of the psychological adaptation measures and the stress measures had improved from their first trimester value by the time of birth. Stress levels of women in the program were less than for women in the corresponding comparison sample from the third trimester on. This article suggests enhanced perinatal services that include interventions and evaluation strategies focused at improving the cognitive adaptation of women to childbearing to promote stress reduction in women and infants. Language: English Keywords: HAWAII | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | MATERNAL HEALTH | STRESS | PREGNANT WOMEN | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | PROGRAMS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | WOMEN | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Health | Behavior | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Puerperium | Reproduction | Organization and Administration | Diseases Document Number: 147519 |
| 21. Title: Power, gender, and sexual behavior. Author: Browning JR Source: Journal of Sex Research. 1999;36(4):[17] p.. Abstract: Power has been recognized as an important variable in the study of romantic relationships since the 1950s. However, few studies have examined associations between power and sexual behavior even though many factors have been found to predict sexual behavior in young adults, including relational, social, and individual variables. Power is a potentially important predictor of sexual behavior for two reasons. First, power is considered by some theorists to be a salient variable in social relationships. Because sex is an important aspect of most romantic relationships, associations between power and sexual behavior merit examination. Second, Oliver and Hyde pointed out that neo-analytic, sociobiological, social learning, social role, and script theories all expect women to have more negative attitudes toward casual, premarital sex than do men. Indeed, their meta-analysis of gender differences in sexuality found large gender differences in both sexual permissiveness and casual intercourse. Thus, it is not surprising to find conflict in dating relationships as to when and to what extent sexual behavior occurs. Where conflict exists power may be a relevant variable. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: HAWAII | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | STUDENTS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | SEX BEHAVIOR | GENDER RELATIONS | AGGRESSION | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | SEX FACTORS | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Behavior | Gender Issues | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 291029 |
| 22. Title: Prenatal diagnosis and elective termination of Down syndrome in a racially mixed population in Hawaii, 1987-1996. Author: Forrester MB; Merz RD Source: Prenatal Diagnosis. 1999 Feb;19(2):136-41. Abstract: The impact of demographic factors on the prenatal diagnosis and elective termination of Down syndrome in Hawaii between 1987 and 1996 were examined. Data were obtained from a population-based birth defects registry and included 306 Down syndrome cases. 131 (43%) of the cases were prenatally diagnosed. Of the prenatally diagnosed cases, 110 (84%) were electively terminated. Advanced maternal age or having a maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screen performed increased the probability of having an affected pregnancy prenatally diagnosed and electively terminated. Far East Asians were substantially more likely to have an affected pregnancy prenatally diagnosed and electively terminated. Pacific Islanders and Filipinos were less likely to have cases prenatally diagnosed and electively terminated. Prenatally diagnosed and electively terminated Down syndrome cases had disproportionately fewer additional birth defects than live births or fetal demises, suggesting that for many of the electively terminated cases additional birth defects may not have been identified. This implies that the elective termination of Down syndrome-affected pregnancies may influence not only the Down syndrome prevalence but also that of other birth defects. (author's) Language: English Keywords: HAWAII | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | ETHNIC GROUPS | CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES | ABORTION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Diseases | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning Document Number: 158465 Notification |
| 23. Title: Breast cancer and oral contraceptive use in Asian-American women. Author: Ursin G; Wu AH; Hoover RN; West DW; Nomura AM; Kolonel LN; Pike MC; Ziegler RG Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY.. 1999 Sep 15;150(6):561-7. Abstract: The relationship between oral contraceptive (OC) use and breast cancer was investigated among Asian-American women. A population-based case-control study of Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino women, ages 20-25 years were interviewed. Results showed that women who had been in the West for 2-7 years had the lowest prevalence of use. About 15.0% were OC users, and 1.4% had been OC users for more than 5 years. Asian-Americans born in the West had the highest prevalence of OC use. However, there were only slight differences of OC use among women living in rural or urban areas while in the East. An inverse association is shown between the duration of OC use and breast cancer among migrants more than 8 years ago. There were no increased risks associated with the use of OC and the duration of OC use. Women who started using OC at an early age were not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and with a decreased risk at the very onset of use (age <21 years). Recent OC use (last OC use during last 5 years) was not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Consequently, women who had been in the US more than 8 years were at almost twice the risk of breast cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 0.67] as women who had been in the country 2-7 years (OR = 0.34). This study suggests that OC use cannot explain the elevated risk observed in Asian-American women who migrated more than 7 years ago. Language: English Keywords: CALIFORNIA | HAWAII | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | ASIANS | WOMEN | IMMIGRANTS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | BREAST CANCER | RISK FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Biology Document Number: 144257 |
| 24. Title: Impact of prenatal diagnosis and elective termination on the prevalence of selected birth defects in Hawaii. Author: Forrester MB; Merz RD; Yoon PW Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY.. 1998 Dec 15;148(12):1206-11. Abstract: A surveillance study was conducted to examine the effects of prenatal diagnosis and elective terminations on the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs), oral clefts, abdominal wall defects, and chromosomal anomalies in Hawaii. The analysis involved 10 years of data collected through the Hawaii Birth Defects Program during 1987-96; the data comprised all reported cases of anencephaly, spina bifida, encephalocele, cleft palate, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, omphalocele, gastroschisis, Down syndrome, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13. Findings showed that there were 211 infants with NTDs (87% anencephaly, 62% spina bifida, and 83% encephalocele), 376 infants with oral cleft (14% cleft lip with or without cleft palate), 117 with abdominal wall defects (60% omphalocele and 76% gastroschisis), and 449 chromosomal anomalies (43% Down's syndrome, 61% trisomy 18, and 40% trisomy 13). Prenatal diagnosis and elective pregnancy terminations have a significant impact on the birth prevalence rates of NTDs and chromosomal anomalies. These finding have important implications for other birth defects surveillance programs. Language: English Keywords: HAWAII | CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES | CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | GENETIC TECHNIQUES | FETUS | PROGRAMS | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Diseases | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Organization and Administration Document Number: 138668 |
| 25. Title: Migration and acculturation among Samoans: some sources of stress and support. Author: Hanna JM Source: Social Science and Medicine. 1998 May;46(10):1325-36. Abstract: This study examined psychosocial stresses in acculturating or migrant Samoan communities in Hawaii, American Samoa (AS), and Western Samoa (WS). The study also examined the relationship between ego centered social ties and the excretion of epinephrine as a measure of stress among a cohort of adults in 3 Samoan communities. The sample included adults aged 18-36 years: 22 males and 25 females from a WS village on Savar'i; 26 males and 22 females living in 7 seaside villages on Tutuila in AS; and 22 male and 26 female migrants who lived in public housing in Honolulu, Hawaii. Urine samples were collected in the morning, afternoon, and overnight on two separate days about 1 week apart. Liquid chromatography was used to determine urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine stress levels. Structured interviews were conducted. Social relationships were described by gender, nature of the relationship, frequency of contact, ethnicity, types of interaction, and current residence. Ego-centered social networks included 5947 individuals. Findings indicate that body mass index did not correlate significantly with hormone secretion. Among American Samoans, excretion was higher among smokers, especially women. Levels of stress were similar among all three locations. In AS, close family associations were related to lower hormone excretion, which suggests supportive family relationships. In AS and WS, non-Samoan friendships were positively associated with hormone secretion among men, which suggests stress from mixed ancestry among men in AS and WS but not in Hawaii or among women. Language: English Keywords: SAMOA | AMERICAN SAMOA | HAWAII | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | MIGRANTS | HORMONES | STRESS | SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | CULTURE | ETHNIC GROUPS | KINSHIP NETWORKS | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Developing Countries | Oceania | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Behavior | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Family and Household Document Number: 136336 |
| 26. Title: Hawaii's reptilian nightmare. Author: Holt A Source: WORLD CONSERVATION. 1998;(1):31-2. Abstract: The invasion of Hawaii by snakes and other pests has threatened the state's economy and natural environment. Pests cause millions of dollars worth of crop losses, the extinction of native species, the destruction of native forests, and the spread of disease. In response to this situation, the Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species (CGAPS), a multi-agency partnership of 15 federal, state, and private interests, formulated a 10-point action plan aimed at keeping alien pests out of the islands. Part of the plan includes researching new snake control methods and more extensive inspections of aircraft arriving in Hawaii. In addition, the CGAPS brought together the US Deputy Secretary of Agriculture, the Governor of Hawaii, and the state's congressional delegation to launch a statewide alien species public awareness campaign. Campaign activities included the distribution of a 28-page report establishing a central pest-reporting system, developing curricula for schools, and conducting a pre-campaign poll of island residents to gauge levels of awareness of the alien pest issue. Future efforts will put greater emphasis on reaching visitors through a passenger education program that will include airport educational displays, a revamped agricultural declaration form, a flight attendant briefing program, and advertisements in airline and travel publications. Other effective tools to measure the alien pest problem and its impact on the state's economy are also included in the agenda. Language: English Keywords: HAWAII | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT | ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY | ANIMALS | NATURAL RESOURCES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Environment | Policy Document Number: 150123 |
| 27. Title: Preserving multiple ancestry: intermarriage and mixed births in Hawaii. Author: Labov T; Jacobs JA Source: JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE FAMILY STUDIES. 1998 Autumn;29(3):481-502. Abstract: "We provide a simple method for incorporating estimates of the effect of mixed ancestry in analyses of mixed births and mixed marriages. We offer estimates of the actual rate of mixed births and mixed marriages in Hawaii by taking into account mixed racial and ethnic ancestry. Our estimates show that the rate of social and biological mixing in Hawaii has increased even faster than official data indicate. We develop the hypothesis that the presence of a sizeable group of individuals with mixed ancestry creates a momentum toward further mixing of the population, and show that our results are consistent with this hypothesis." (EXCERPT) (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HAWAII | INTERMARRIAGE | ETHNIC GROUPS | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Marriage | Nuptiality | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 257100 |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Asian and Pacific Islander mortality differences in Hawaii. Author: Braun KL; Yang H; Onaka AT; Horiuchi BY Source: SOCIAL BIOLOGY. 1997 Fall-Winter;44(3-4):213-26. Abstract: "The purpose of this paper is two-fold: (1) to compare mortality rates of the five major ethnic groups in Hawaii (Caucasians, Chinese, Filipinos, Japanese, and Hawaiians) and (2) to explore methodological issues related to comparative studies of API [Asian and Pacific Islander] health indicators.... In general, death rates were highest for Hawaiians and lowest for Japanese and Chinese illustrating the importance of API data disaggregation and suggesting that special attention be paid to improving the health of Hawaiians. Methodologically, the study demonstrated that, while some compromises in analysis are required, legitimate comparisons across API groups can be made if data sets are available." (EXCERPT) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ETHNIC GROUPS | DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | HEALTH | HAWAII | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Studies | Research Methodology Document Number: 255687 |
| 29. Title: Provision of reproductive health services to adolescents. What have we learned? Author: Clark A Source: [Unpublished] 1997. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, Washington, D.C., March 27-29, 1997. [30] p. Abstract: This paper reviews the literature on research studies about delivery of reproductive health services to adolescents in the US. The author describes the application of the concepts for the provision of adolescent reproductive health service delivery for the rural island of Kauai in Hawaii. The author identifies the most important adolescent reproductive health problems as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), sexual violence and coercion, early pregnancy and childbearing, and unintended pregnancy leading to unsafe and safe abortion and unwanted children who are at higher risk of abuse and neglect. 72.6% of 15-19 year old mothers had unintended pregnancies, according the National Survey of Family Growth. Total abstinence is the only 100% effective method, but, for sexually active adolescents, very effective and affordable contraception is available with oral, injectable, and implanted contraceptives and IUDs. The "morning after pill" is very effective at preventing pregnancy, if used within 72 hours of unplanned and unprotected sexual intercourse. Barrier methods, such as the diaphragm and cervical caps, are less effective, and condoms have a failure rate of 12%. Condoms are very effective against STDs and AIDS. In order to meet the reproductive health care challenge of US teenagers, the author proposes services that are confidential, offer a variety of services for free, are staffed with caring people, are convenient, and include walk-in visits. Many teens fear the pelvic exam and harmful contraception. Strategies must overcome teen barriers to service and rely on a community assessment. Three adolescent clinics were established in 1996 in Kauai with advance media and other communication contacts. Baseline data are being collected with evaluations at 1, 2, and 3 years after program onset. The client Satisfaction Survey is modeled on one developed by L. Winter and L.C. Breckenmaker. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HAWAII | ADOLESCENTS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | RAPE | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | SEXUAL ABUSE | ABORTION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Crime | Social Problems | Fertility Control, Postconception | Contraception Document Number: 126947 Notification |
| 30. Title: Measures ensuring family planning coverage make progress, meet obstacles. Author: Gold RB Source: STATE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MONITOR. 1997 Jun;8(2):1-2. Abstract: During 1997, 9 bills mandating insurance coverage of contraceptive services and supplies were seriously considered by various US states, and a 10th is under consideration by the US Congress. Interest in this area was sparked in 1995 when California legislation mandating coverage of prescription contraceptives was vetoed by the governor. The legislation has been refashioned to mandate coverage of a range of approved methods, but it hit a snag with a committee recommendation that insurance companies must offer, but not mandate, such coverage in packages presented to employers. Legislation is pending in New York that will require insurance plans that cover prescription drugs to include prescription contraceptives. A contraceptive coverage bill died in Oregon, and a similar measure in Hawaii is not expected to be resurrected in the 1998 legislative session. On the federal level, a bill has been introduced in the US Senate to provide equity in prescription insurance and contraceptive coverage. This bill is cosponsored by 17 Senators and received endorsement from the American Medical Association. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CALIFORNIA | NEW YORK | OREGON | HAWAII | LEGISLATION | FAMILY PLANNING | HEALTH INSURANCE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | USFDA | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Contraception | USPHS | Government Agencies | Organizations Document Number: 126061 |
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