| 1. Title: United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development, New York, 21-23 January 2008. Author: United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division Source: New York, New York, United Nations, 2008 Mar. 364 p. (ESA/P/WP.206) Abstract: In 2008, the world is reaching an important milestone: for the first time in history, half of the world population will be living in urban areas. Urbanization has significant social and economic implications: Historically, it has been an integral part of the process of economic development and an important determinant of the decline in fertility and mortality rates. Many important economic, social and demographic transformations have taken place in cities. The urban expansion, due in part to migration from rural to urban areas, varies significantly across regions and countries. The distribution and morphology of cities, the dynamics of urban growth, the linkages between urban and rural areas and the living conditions of the rural and urban population also vary quite substantially across countries and over time. In general, urbanization represents a positive development, but it also poses challenges. The scale of such challenges is particularly significant in less developed regions, where most of the urban growth will take place in the coming decades. To discuss trends in population distribution and urbanization and their implications, the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat organized an Expert Group Meeting on Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development. The meeting, which took place from 21 to 23 January at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, brought together experts from different regions of the world to present and discuss recent research on urbanization, the policy dimensions of urban growth and internal migration, the linkages and disparities between urban and rural development, aspects of urban infrastructure and urban planning, and the challenges of climate change for the spatial distribution of the population. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | UNITED KINGDOM | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | MIGRANTS | URBAN POPULATION | URBANIZATION | INTERNAL MIGRATION | RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | UN | GROUP MEETING | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | LABOR MIGRATION | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Urban Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Economic Factors | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication Document Number: 325697 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: Using Internet-based nominal group technique meetings to identify provider strategies for increasing diaphragm use. Author: Kulczycki A; Shewchuk RM Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2008 Oct;34(4):227-31. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY: The diaphragm, once the most commonly used female contraceptive method, is being re-evaluated for prevention against some sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. However, provider views about this prescription-based method are poorly understood. Using expert panels, this study aimed to identify facilitative strategies to increase diaphragm use. The nominal group technique (NGT) was employed using a novel web-based interface to systematically elicit and prioritise responses to a specific question about what can be done to encourage providers to recommend diaphragm use. Two NGT sessions were convened with 15 geographically dispersed panelists who had extensive knowledge and experience with the diaphragm. Participants were identified using purposeful and snowball sampling. RESULTS: Panel 1 identified 22 strategies for encouraging providers to recommend diaphragm use, with seven perceived as relatively more important (67% of the total available votes). Panel 2 identified 31 strategies, nine of which accounted for 77% of the votes. Both sessions highlighted that to make the diaphragm a more plausible option, educational materials and tools are needed to better inform providers and patients about the method and its specific advantages. CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced, Internet-based NGT offers the family planning and reproductive health care field a powerful and inexpensive tool for systematically collecting and analysing expert opinion. Results are being used to develop a questionnaire to further examine strategies that may help promote diaphragm use and to refine ideas for intervention design. This will facilitate method reintroduction, if the diaphragm is proven effective against STIs/HIV, especially when used with a microbicide. Language: English Keywords: METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | RESEARCH REPORT | EXPERIMENTAL MODELS | PANEL DISCUSSION | PHYSICIANS | INTERNET | VAGINAL DIAPHRAGM | GROUP MEETING | GROUP PROCESSES | DISTANCE EDUCATION | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | COST EFFECTIVENESS | Research Methodology | Communication | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Information Networks | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Social Behavior | Behavior | Education | Communication Programs | Behavior Change | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation Document Number: 329486 |
| 3. Title: Reducing harmful traditional practices in Adjibar, Ethiopia: lessons learned from the Adjibar Safe Motherhood Project. Author: Natoli L; Renzaho AM; Rinaudo T Source: Contemporary Nurse. 2008 May;29(1):110-9. Abstract: This paper assesses the impact of the Adjibar Safe Motherhood Project and derives lessons of value to future interventions. Amongst the participatory qualitative methods used were 15 group discussions, eight semi-structured interviews, a number of opportunistic informal discussions and observation. The information gathering was complemented by a detailed review of project documents. Field visits for data collection took place over a six day period in March 2005. The project was effective in raising awareness about maternal health, and the social, economic and health consequences of various harmful traditional practices (HTPs). It has also mobilised the community to monitor and report HTPs and has strengthened referral systems for counselling, support and treatment. A number of effective strategies were identified as having contributed to project success. These are presented using the framework offered by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion which presents five areas of public health action: developing personal skills; strengthening community action; building healthy public policy; re-orienting health services; and, creating supportive environments. This evaluation contributes to and strengthens the expanding body of literature about effective development practices to reduce HTPs. It demonstrates that addressing HTPs takes time and long term investment; both are necessary to enable better understanding of the social and cultural reasons for HTPs before attempting to address them, and to build the community trust necessary to overcome the natural resistance to challenging such deeply entrenched practices. The project also highlighted the importance of developing a multi pronged strategy based on engagement with a broad range of stakeholders and supportive legislation. Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | AUSTRALIA | EVALUATION REPORT | EXPERIMENTAL MODELS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | GROUP MEETING | MATERNAL HEALTH | PROMOTION | KNOWLEDGE | HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developed Countries | Oceania | Evaluation | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Communication | Health | Marketing | Sociocultural Factors | Culture | Organization and Administration | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Programs Document Number: 329476 |
4.  Title: Guiding peer education the Kenyan way. Author: Russell H Source: Exchange on HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Gender. 2008;(4):5-7. Abstract: Adolescents are greatly influenced by what their peers say and do. This is particularly true when the adults in their lives are uncomfortable discussing with them sensitive topics such as sex. This leaves their peers as the only source of information and authority. Peer education is thus a vital component of programmes that seek to motivate adolescents to reduce risky sexual behaviours and provide crucial facts on HIV and AIDS. Kenya Girl Guides Association (KGGA) has been collaborating with Family Health International (FHI) on peer education and behaviour change programmes for adolescents since 1999. Recently, KGGA began a new programme with unique features, with technical support from FHI and under the auspices of the USAID-funded AIDS, Population, and Health Integrated Assistance Programme (APHIA II). The innovation is that 32 Girl Guides, whose average age is 13, helped to develop an interactive life skills curriculum and a peer education handbook. The first of these complementary pieces is used for adult-led training for guiding units; the second is for peer education delivered in schools by Girl Guides for classmates ages 10-14. The handbook is now being used in classes 4 through 7 in at least 750 schools in the Coast and Rift Valley provinces of Kenya and the number will soon increase to more than 900. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | EVALUATION REPORT | CHILD, FEMALE | PEER EDUCATORS | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | TEACHING MATERIALS | WRITING | WORKSHOPS | GROUP PROCESSES | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | GROUP MEETING | TRAINING OF TRAINERS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Communication Programs | Communication | Behavior Change | Behavior | Literacy | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Social Behavior | Women's Status | Training Programs Document Number: 323160 |
| 5. Title: Key components in planning, implementing and monitoring a behavior change communication campaign that increased condom use among male clients of sex workers in Southern India. Author: Ward D; Hess R; Lefebvre RC Source: Cases in Public Health Communication and Marketing. 2008 Aug;2:105-125. Abstract: India is home to nearly 10% of all people living with HIV worldwide or approximately 2.5 million people. The primary mode of HIV transmission in India is heterosexual commercial sex. In conjunction with the Avahan India AIDS Initiative, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Population Services International (PSI) developed and implemented an intervention to reduce HIV incidence, in part by increasing consistent condom use among heterosexual male commercial sex clients in southern India. The project focused on 100 "high priority" towns in the provinces of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The intervention targeted heterosexual male commercial sex clients of low socio-economic status in the high priority towns. Communication activities focused on interpersonal methods, such as street plays, contests, and group discussions. The project was largely successful in meeting its objective. Clients of commercial sex workers increased their reported consistent condom use during commercial sex from a baseline of 63% in May 2006 to 81% in May 2007 following the intervention. This 18% increase is strongly correlated with exposure to PSI's communication activities (p<0.01), and indicates a high level of achievement as compared to other voluntary behavior change communications campaigns. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | EVALUATION REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | SEX WORKERS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | MEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CAMPAIGNS | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | CONDOM USE | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | HIV PREVENTION | GROUP MEETING | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Evaluation | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Reproduction | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Communication Programs | Communication | Behavior Change | Risk Reduction Behavior | Interpersonal Relations | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 323153 |
| 6. Title: Religious leaders in response to HIV / AIDS. Author: Family Health International [FHI]. Implementing AIDS Prevention and Care Project [IMPACT] Source: [Arlington, Virginia], FHI, 2007 Jun. 14 p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00017-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PD-ADJ-432) Abstract: The objective of the enlistment of religious leaders in the response to HIV/AIDS is to increase awareness of the ways the virus is spread, encourage safe sex practices, reduce the stigma attached to HIV/AIDS and PLHA, eliminate discrimination against PLHA and reinforce the religious values found in both religions that focus on fidelity, avoiding adultery and promoting compassion for the sick and suffering. Religious leaders were chosen specifically for their wide reaching impact and their deep penetration into society. Religious leaders in the region play a vital role in shaping social values and norms. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MIDDLE EAST | AFRICA, NORTH | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | COMMUNITY | RELIGION | LEADERSHIP | HIV PREVENTION | CULTURE | WORKSHOPS | GROUP MEETING | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | Developing Countries | Africa | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Education | Communication | Programs Document Number: 321930 |
7.  Peer Reviewed Title: Oslo Ministerial Declaration -- global health: a pressing foreign policy issue of our time. Author: Amorim C; Douste-Blazy P; Wirayuda H; Store JG; Gadio CT Source: Lancet. 2007 Apr;369(9570):1373-1378. Abstract: Under their initiative on Global Health and Foreign Policy, launched in September, 2006, in New York, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Brazil, France, Indonesia, Norway, Senegal, South Africa, and Thailand issued the following statement in Oslo on March 20, 2007-In today's era of globalisation and interdependence there is an urgent need to broaden the scope of foreign policy. Together, we face a number of pressing challenges that require concerted responses and collaborative efforts. We must encourage new ideas, seek and develop new partnerships and mechanisms, and create new paradigms of cooperation. We believe that health is one of the most important, yet still broadly neglected, long-term foreign policy issues of our time. Life and health are our most precious assets. There is a growing awareness that investment in health is fundamental to economic growth and development. It is generally acknowledged that threats to health may compromise a country's stability and security. We believe that health as a foreign policy issue needs a stronger strategic focus on the international agenda. We have therefore agreed to make impact on health a point of departure and a defining lens that each of our countries will use to examine key elements of foreign policy and development strategies, and to engage in a dialogue on how to deal with policy options from this perspective. As Ministers of Foreign Affairs, we will work to: increase awareness of our common vulnerability in the face of health threats by bringing health issues more strongly into the arenas of foreign policy discussions and decisions, in order to strengthen our commitment to concerted action at the global level; build bilateral, regional and multilateral cooperation for global health security by strengthening the case for collaboration and brokering broad agreement, accountability, and action; reinforce health as a key element in strategies for development and for fighting poverty, in order to reach the Millennium Development Goals; ensure that a higher priority is given to health in dealing with trade issues and in conforming to the Doha principles, affirming the right of each country to make full use of TRIPS flexibilities in order to ensure universal access to medicines; strengthen the place of health measures in conflict and crisis management and in reconstruction efforts. For this purpose, we have prepared a first set of actionable steps for raising the priority of health in foreign policy in an Agenda for Action. We pledge to pursue these issues in our respective regional settings and in relevant international bodies. We invite Ministers of Foreign Affairs from all regions to join us in further exploring ways and means to achieve our objectives. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | GROUP MEETING | HEALTH POLICY | COMMUNICABLE DISEASES | HUMAN RESOURCES | NATURAL DISASTERS | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | GOALS | Communication | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Infections | Diseases | Economic Factors | Environment | Planning | Organization and Administration Document Number: 315520 |
| 8. Title: Public policy and franchising reproductive health: current evidence and future directions. Guidance from a technical consultation meeting. Author: Huntington D; Sulzbach S; O'Hanlon B Source: Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization [WHO], Department of Reproductive Health and Research, 2007. [30] p. Abstract: To assist policymakers and researchers to take advantage of lessons learned in the area of private-provider networks, particularly franchises, and to explore the types of policy options available to facilitate a greater role for the private sector, the World Health Organization's Department of Reproductive Health and Research, in collaboration with the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) Private Sector Partnerships-One project, convened a technical consultation from 7 to 9 December, 2006 in Geneva, Switzerland. The meeting, entitled "Public Policy and Franchising Reproductive Health: current evidence and future directions", brought together experts in private-provider networks and franchises as well as in public policy. The consultation: reviewed the evidence to date on the performance and impact of health networks and franchises in low- and middle-income countries; explored public policy options that can facilitate and support the delivery of reproductive health through private-provider networks and health franchises in low- and middle-income countries. This Guidance Note is based on the proceedings of the meeting and offers policymakers and researchers the latest evidence on private-provider networks and franchises, lessons learned in the field, and policy recommendations on how to mobilize private-provider networks and health franchises to help address reproductive health care needs in developing countries. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | TECHNICAL REPORT | GROUP MEETING | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | PRIVATE SECTOR | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | POLICY | QUALITY CONTROL | WHO | Communication | Health | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Organization and Administration | UN | International Agencies | Organizations Document Number: 323734 |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: Informing resource-poor populations and the delivery of entitled health and social services in rural India: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Author: Pandey P; Sehgal AR; Riboud M; Levine D; Goyal M Source: JAMA. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2007 Oct 24-31;298(16):1867-1875. Abstract: A lack of awareness about entitled health and social services may contribute to poor delivery of such services in developing countries, especially among individuals of low socioeconomic status. The objective was to determine the impact of informing resource-poor rural populations about entitled services. Community-based, cluster randomized controlled trial conducted from May 2004 to May 2005 in 105 randomly selected village clusters in Uttar Pradesh state in India. Households (548 intervention and 497 control) were selected by a systematic sampling design, including both low-caste and mid-to-high-caste households. Four to 6 public meetings were held in each intervention village cluster to disseminate information on entitled health services, entitled education services, and village governance requirements. No intervention took place in control village clusters. Visits by nurse midwife; prenatal examinations, tetanus vaccinations, and prenatal supplements received by pregnant women; vaccinations received by infants; excess school fees charged; occurrence of village council meetings; and development work in villages. At baseline, there were no significant differences in self-reported delivery of health and social services. After 1 year, intervention villagers reported better delivery of several services compared with control villagers: in a multivariate analysis, 30% more prenatal examinations (95% confidence interval [CI], 17%-43%; P < .001), 27% more tetanus vaccinations (95% CI, 12%-41%; P < .001), 24% more prenatal supplements (95% CI, 8%-39%; P=.003),25%more infant vaccinations (95% CI, 8%-42%; P=.004), and decreased excess school fees of 8 rupees (95% CI, 4-13 rupees; P < .001). In a difference-in-differences analysis, 21% more village council meetings were reported (95% CI, 5%-36%; P=.01). There were no improvements in visits by a nurse midwife or in development work in the villages. Both low-caste and mid-to-high-caste intervention households reported significant improvements in service delivery.Informing resource-poor rural populations in India about entitled services enhanced the delivery of health and social services among both low- and mid-to-high-caste households. Interventions that emphasize educating resource-poor populations about entitled services may improve the delivery of such services. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | GROUP MEETING | CONTROL GROUPS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | LOW INCOME POPULATION | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | HEALTH SERVICES | AWARENESS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | SOCIAL WELFARE | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Communication | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Organization and Administration | Health | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Education Document Number: 321794 |
| 10. Title: Talking about sex: Using youth language in sexuality education. Author: Undie CC; Crichton J; Zulu E Source: Exchange on HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Gender. 2007;(3):4-6. Abstract: Language shapes the way we think about life, and therefore influences our actions. Analysing the metaphors young people use while talking about sex can provide valuable insights into the ways in which they understand sex, sexual behaviour and sexual relationships. These insights may have untapped potential for enhancing the effectiveness of sexuality education interventions. Despite increasing levels of awareness about HIV and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa over the past decade, many young people in the region still lack detailed knowledge on protecting themselves from sexually transmitted infections (including HIV) and unwanted pregnancies. Studies show that young people become sexually active at relatively early ages, have multiple sexual partners, and often do not use condoms or other contraceptive methods. In this context, interventions to raise knowledge and awareness and to influence attitudes and behaviour need to be well-designed and accessible for young people. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | ADOLESCENTS | SEXUALITY | SEX EDUCATION | LANGUAGE | HIV PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CULTURE | GROUP MEETING | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Education | Communication | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 323941 |
| 11. Title: Re: Secretary-General's Study on Violence against Children [letter] Author: Defence for Children International; Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment Against Children; Human Rights Watch; International Federation of Social Workers; International Save the Children Alliance Source: [Unpublished] 2006 Sep 21. 4 p. Also available in French and Spanish. Abstract: In just a few weeks, on October 11, the Secretary-General's independent expert, Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro, will present the findings of a comprehensive and ground-breaking global study of violence against children. As members of an international NGO advisory panel for the study, we take this opportunity to share our recommendations for action and our hope that your government will take leadership to address the devastating and pervasive violence documented by this report. In particular, we urge you to support the appointment of a Special Representative to the Secretary General on violence against children to ensure effective follow-up to the study, maintain high-level visibility to these crucial issues, and guarantee that the momentum created by the study is not lost. The Pinheiro study finds that shocking levels of violence affect the lives of children on all parts of the globe. Among the report's findings: Between 20 and 65 percent of school-age children report having been verbally or physically bullied in the past 30 days. Corporal punishment such as beating and caning is standard practice in schools in a large number of countries, and is often responsible for school drop-out; 126 million children are involved in hazardous work, often enduring beatings, humiliation and sexual violence by their employers; Institutionalized children--whether in orphanages or detention facilities--are at particular risk of violence from the staff responsible for their care, including torture, beatings, isolation, restraints, rape, and harassment. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | UN | GROUP MEETING | CHILD | CHILD ABUSE | VIOLENCE | CHILD LABOR | RAPE | SEXUAL ABUSE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Behavior | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors Document Number: 311447 |
| 12. Title: Female Migrants: Bridging the Gaps throughout the Life Cycle. Selected papers of the UNFPA-IOM Expert Group Meeting, New York, 2-3 May 2006. Author: Expert Group Meeting on Female Migrants: Bridging the Gaps throughout the Life Cycle (2006: New York) Source: New York, New York, United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA], 2006. 136 p. Abstract: Women make up nearly half of all migrants, an estimated 95 million of 191 million people living outside their countries of origin in 2005. Having said this, after many years of observing migration and collecting data there is remarkably little reliable information about women as migrants. This anomaly underlines their continuing invisibility to policymakers and development planners. The High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development by the General Assembly on 14-15 September 2006 offers the best opportunity in a generation to address the rights, needs, capabilities and contribution of women migrants. Equal numbers do not confer equality of treatment. Women have fewer opportunities than men for legal migration; many women become irregular migrants with concomitant lack of support and exposure to risk. Whether they migrate legally or not, alone or as members of a family unit, women are more vulnerable than men to violence and exploitation. Their needs for health care, including reproductive health care, and other services are less likely to be met. They have more limited opportunities than men for social integration and political participation. Migration can be beneficial, both for women and for the countries which send and receive them. Women migrants make a significant economic contribution through their labour, both to their countries of destination and, through remittances, to their countries of origin. In societies where women's power to move autonomously is limited, the act of migration is in itself empowering. It stimulates change in women migrants themselves, and in the societies which send and receive them. In the process women's migration can become a force for removing existing gender imbalances and inequities, and for changing underlying conditions so that new imbalances and inequities do not arise. Women's voluntary migration is a powerful force for positive change in countries both of origin and of destination. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | DEVELOPED COUNTRIES | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | MIGRANTS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | LIFE CYCLE | UNFPA | GROUP MEETING | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | POPULATION DYNAMICS | REMITTANCES | GENDER ISSUES | HUMAN RIGHTS | ORIGIN | Research Methodology | Migration | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Communication | Microeconomic Factors Document Number: 309881 |
| 13. Title: The UNHCR tool for participatory assessment in operations. Author: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees [UNHCR] Source: Geneva, Switzerland, UNHCR, 2006 May. 73 p. Abstract: Refugees, internally displaced persons and returnees must be at the centre of decision-making concerning their protection and well-being. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the protection problems they face, it is essential to consult them directly and to listen to them. Their right to participate in decisions on matters that affect their lives is enshrined in human rights instruments and UNHCR policy and guidelines, in particular the Agenda for Protection. The participation from the outset of refugee women and men, young and old and from diverse backgrounds, in the definition of problems and the design of programmes for their benefit is crucial to serving, assisting, and protecting them and ensuring an effective operation. Participatory assessment is a process of building partnerships with refugee women and men of all ages and backgrounds by promoting meaningful participation through structured dialogue. Participatory assessment includes holding separate discussions with women, girls, boys, and men, including adolescents, in order to gather accurate information on the specific protection risks they face and the underlying causes, to understand their capacities, and to hear their proposed solutions. Participatory assessment involves discussing with women, girls, boys, and men of concern and analysing jointly with them the protection risks that they face. It helps mobilize communities to take collective action to enhance their own protection and forms the basis for the implementation of a rights and community-based approach (see Guiding Principles). Participatory assessment is one phase of a comprehensive situation analysis. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | REFUGEES | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | HUMAN RIGHTS | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | AGE FACTORS | GENDER ISSUES | ETHICS | FOCUS GROUPS | GROUP MEETING | Research Methodology | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Settlement and Resettlement | Evaluation | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics | Data Collection | Communication Document Number: 314636 |
| 14. Title: News and information. The future of nutrition in Africa is bright. Author: Ayoya MA; Mensah-Homiah J; Mbuya NV; Kung'u J; Garza C Source: Public Health Nutrition. 2006 May;9(3):403-404. Abstract: In the April 2004 issue of this journal, we reported about a bold new initiative for nutrition in Africa, named the African Nutrition Graduate Students Network (AGSNet). Forty-nine students from 17 African countries were members at that time. Since then, the network has grown substantially and has established its structures. In the present issue, we detail the network's achievements since our last report in Public Health Nutrition as well as the activities planned for the coming year. Currently, AGSNet has 133 members from 25 African countries studying in 42 universities worldwide (24 in Africa, 18 outside Africa). AGSNet was invited to the 31st meeting of the United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN) held in New York City, USA from 21 to 28 March 2004. The network was represented by six of its members (four from Cornell University, USA and one each from Southampton University, UK and Jomo Kenyata University of Agriculture, Kenya). A presentation by our representatives during the meeting of the SCN Capacity Building Working Group centred on the contribution of the AGSNet in supporting the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in Africa through enhancing social capacity. The presentation was well received by the audience and some of the aspects of this presentation were included in the Capacity Building Working Group's recommendations. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | AFRICA, NORTH | PROGRESS REPORT | STUDENTS | GROUPS | NUTRITION | NUTRITION PROGRAMS | CAPACITY BUILDING | MANPOWER NEEDS | GROUP MEETING | GOALS | Developing Countries | Education | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Communication | Planning Document Number: 302531 |
| 15. Title: The influence of support groups on the family of risk newborns and on neonatal unit workers. Author: Buarque V; Lima Mde C; Scott RP; Vasconcelos MG Source: Jornal de Pediatria. 2006 Jul-Aug;82(4):295-301. Abstract: The objective was to investigate the influence of support groups on the family of risk newborn infants and on neonatal unit workers. We used a qualitative approach, and as theoretical basis, family-centered care. The study was conducted in the neonatal unit of Hospital Prontolinda, in Pernambuco, Brazil. From January to June 2004, 25 meetings were held by the family support group. Data were collected through the observations of participants and through tape-recorded interviews with 13 mothers, six fathers, two grandmothers and 16 healthcare workers. The interviews were submitted to speech content analysis (thematic modality). The analysis revealed that the support group to the family of risk newborns provided parents and family members with information, emotional support and strengthening so that they could come to terms with the birth of their child and his/her admission to the neonatal unit, in addition to enabling parents to take care of the newborn infant. There was interpersonal growth in theinteraction between parents, family members, and healthcare workers. The support group to the family of risk newborns uses an approach that is based on family-centered care. These principles allow restoring parental competence, helping healthcare workers to respect values and feelings of family members, and establishing a collaborative work between parents and healthcare workers in the neonatal unit. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | INFANT | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | HEALTH PERSONNEL | STRESS | EMOTIONS | HOSPITALS | CARE AND SUPPORT | GROUP MEETING | PARTICIPATION | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Health Facilities | Health Services | Communication | Social Behavior Document Number: 312966 |
| 16. Title: Motivating couples to practice family planning through chat group sessions in a neighborhood setting. Author: de Guzman EM; Canada RG; Hisanan TM Source: Washington, D.C., Academy for Educational Development [AED], Social Acceptance Project -- Family Planning [TSAP-FP], 2006 Sep. 8 p. (Technical Notes: The Social Acceptance Project -- Family Planning (TSAP-FP)) Abstract: In the Philippines, knowledge of family planning is nearly universal and attitudes generally favorable; however, practice continues to lag behind with only half (49 percent) of Filipino married women using family planning. Of these, one in five are using less effective methods such as withdrawal, rhythm, and calendar methods. Moreover, for all methods, 39 percent of users discontinue during the first year of practice (NDHS 2003). Unmet need for family planning, or women who do not want any more children or want them later but are not using a family planning method, was recorded at 17 percent or n one out of five married women childbearing ages. As a result, Filipino women bear one child more than desired. This gap between desired and actual fertility is wider for poor and less educated women. Specifically, women with elementary education and no education have 1.7 and 1.2 more children, respectively, than desired compared to women with high school or college education who have less than one child (0.7 and 0.5, respectively) desired. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | PILOT PROJECTS | COUPLES | COMMUNITY | SUPPORT GROUPS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | USAID | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | MOTIVATION | GROUP MEETING | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Social Networks | Friends and Relatives | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Psychological Factors | Communication | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 311550 |
| 17. Title: Integration of the human rights of women and a gender perspective: violence against women. Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Yakin Erturk. Addendum. Communications to and from governments. Author: Erturk Y Source: [Geneva, Switzerland], United Nations, Commission on Human Rights, 2006 Mar 27. 82 p. (E/CN.4/2006/61/Add.1) Commission on Human Rights, Sixty-second sesssion. Item 12 (a) of the provisional agenda. Abstract: At its sixty-first session, the Commission on Human Rights, in its resolution 2005/41 entitled "Elimination of violence against women", encouraged the Special Rapporteur to respond effectively to reliable information that comes before her and requested all Governments to cooperate with and assist the Special Rapporteur in the performance of her mandated tasks and duties, to supply all information requested, including with regard to implementation of her recommendations, and to respond to the Special Rapporteur's visits and communications. The present report contains, on a country-by-country basis, summaries of general and individual allegations, as well as urgent appeals transmitted to Governments between 1 January and 31 December 2005, as well as replies received during the same period. Observations made by the Special Rapporteur have also been included where applicable. Government replies received after 31 December 2005 will be included in the Special Rapporteur's next communications report. Due to restrictions of length of the report, the Special Rapporteur has been obliged to summarize the details of all correspondence sent and received. The Special Rapporteur wishes to emphasize that the omission of a particular country or territory should not be interpreted as indicating that there is no problem of violence against women in that country or territory. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | GROUP MEETING | UN | INTEREST GROUPS | WOMEN | VIOLENCE | ADVOCACY | Communication | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior Document Number: 311209 |
| 18. Title: Living it out: Faith resources and sites as critical to participatory learning with rural South African women. Author: Haddad B Source: Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion. 2006;22:135-154. Abstract: Patriarchy is pervasive in rural communities in South Africa. The HIV/AIDS pandemic has forced African women theologians to address the issues of culture and poverty that are exacerbating the crisis for women. This article argues that faith resources are critical to participatory learning about the issues of HIV/AIDS. The Bible, which is central to African Christian women's lives, can be used to initiate discussions around taboo subjects such as sexuality, HIV/AIDS, and gender violence. However, for such discussions to occur, safe and sequestered sites need to be created and utilized. Notwithstanding these safe sites, not all discourses will shift from safe sites to the public realm. These issues are discussed using two case studies from a contextual Bible study group of poor and marginalized Christian women in the rural community of Vulindlela, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The first case study focuses on the group's reading of the biblical passage on the rape of Tamar (2 Sam. 13:1--22), and the second on the group's reading about the woman with the hemorrhage who was healed (Mark 5:21--43). An analytical comparison of these two contextual Bible studies, one on rape and the other on an ailment that can be compared to HIV/AIDS, seeks to determine under what conditions women's "hidden" discourse will move into the public realm in their communities. The article concludes by exploring the role of the activist-intellectual, arguing that her role is both to nurture safe sites where women's voices may be heard and to mediate these voices in the public realm so as to influence public policy. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | CRITIQUE | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN | RURAL POPULATION | PATRIARCHY | GROUP MEETING | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | RAPE | GENDER ISSUES | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Religion | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Crime | Social Problems Document Number: 304398 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: AIDS in 2006 -- moving toward One World, One Hope? Author: Kim JY; Farmer P Source: New England Journal of Medicine. 2006 Aug 17;355(7):645-647. Abstract: For the past two decades, AIDS experts -- clinicians, epidemiologists, policymakers, activists, and scientists -- have gathered every two years to confer about what is now the world's leading infectious cause of death among young adults. This year, the International AIDS Society is hosting the meeting in Toronto from August 13 through 18. The last time the conference was held in Canada, in 1996, its theme was "One World, One Hope." But it was evident to conferees from the poorer reaches of the world that the price tag of the era's great hope -- combination antiretroviral therapy -- rendered it out of their reach. Indeed, some African participants that year made a banner reading "One World, No Hope." Today, the global picture is quite different. The claims that have been made for the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy have proved to be well founded: in the United States, such therapy has prolonged life by an estimated 13 years -- a success rate that would compare favorably with that of almost any treatment for cancer or complications of coronary artery disease. In addition, a number of lessons, with implications for policy and action, have emerged from efforts that are well under way in the developing world. During the past decade, we have gleaned these lessons from our work in setting global AIDS policies at the World Health Organization in Geneva and in implementing integrated programs for AIDS prevention and care in places such as rural Haiti and Rwanda. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CANADA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | GROUP MEETING | POLICYMAKERS | SOCIAL SCIENCES | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | POVERTY | FOOD SUPPLY | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Communication | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Science | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Natural Resources | Environment Document Number: 306379 |
| 20. Title: A group work programme to support and empower non-professional caregivers of people living with AIDS. Author: Strydom C; Wessels CC Source: Health SA Gesondheid. 2006 Dec;11(4):3-21. Abstract: According to a literature study and a research survey conducted in 2004, caregivers are increasingly forced to deal with people living with AIDS as health services are unable to cope with the fast-growing HIV/AIDS epidemic. Caring for an individual with AIDS-related disease is usually time-consuming, burdensome and stressful. There is also evidence of increased susceptibility to physical health problems, emotional distress and psychiatric disturbances amongst caregivers. There are a number of strategies that should be employed to ensure that caregivers are encouraged to do their work to the best of their ability, without them having to sacrifice their health, family life and own needs. One of the strategies that could help in this regard is the presentation of a group work programme. A programme was presented to 14 female caregivers from a church in a disadvantaged community. The group met for eight consecutive weeks. During the two-hour sessions various topics, including self-knowledge, self-esteem, communication, conflict handling, roles of caregivers, and relationships with the person living with AIDS, were discussed. The group members were subjected to measurement by means of the single system. According to this measurement and an evaluation questionnaire, the programme did succeed in supporting and empowering them as caregivers. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | EVALUATION REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATION | STRESS | AIDS | GROUP PROCESSES | GROUP MEETING | SELF ESTEEM | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | CLIENT-STAFF RELATIONS | STAFF ATTITUDE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Behavior | Communication | Interpersonal Relations | Attitudes Document Number: 318380 |
| 21. Title: "Good practices in combating and eliminating violence against women". Expert group meeting. Organized by: United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women in collaboration with United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 17 to 20 May 2005, Vienna, Austria. Report of the expert group meeting. Author: United Nations. Division for the Advancement of Women; United Nations. Office on Drugs and Crime Source: [New York, New York], United Nations, Division for the Advancement of Women, 2005. [52] p. Abstract: Comprehensive multidisciplinary strategies are necessary to combat violence against women. Governments, non-governmental organizations and women's rights activists all over the world have used different approaches in dealing with violence against women, with varying degrees of success. To gain an understanding of what makes an approach to combat violence against women effective, the United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women, in collaboration with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, convened a group of experts in Vienna from 17 to 20 May 2005. The purpose of the meeting was to identify the factors which make a specific initiative, or type of initiative, a good practice example, evaluate the determinants or indicators of the effectiveness of strategies in various areas and identify legislation, plans, policies and other approaches that have been effective in combating violence against women. The aim of the expert group meeting was to arrive at a set of recommendations on 'good practice examples' in combating and eliminating violence against women. This report lays out the expert group's recommendations for elements of effective practices in combating violence against women in the areas of law, prevention, and provision of services. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION INDEXES | WOMEN | BEST PRACTICES | VIOLENCE | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | UN | GROUP MEETING | HUMAN RIGHTS | LEGISLATION | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Demographic Factors | Population | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Diseases | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Health Document Number: 312549 |
| 22. Title: Vitamin A and the Common Agenda for Micronutrients. Report of the XXII International Vitamin A Consultative Group Meeting, Lima, Peru, 15-17 November 2004. [Vitamina A y agenda común para los micronutrientes. Informe del XXII Encuentro del Grupo Consultivo Internacional, Lima, Perú, 15 - 17 de noviembre de 2004.] Author: Clewes C; Thurnham D; Dijkhuizen M Source: Washington, D.C. International Vitamin A Consultative Group [IVACG], 2005 Jul. 102 p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-98-00027-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PN-ADE-458) Abstract: The theme “Vitamin A and the Common Agenda for Micronutrients” provided the scientific direction and program context for the 22nd meeting of the International Vitamin A Consultative Group (IVACG), which was held in Lima, Peru on 15–17 November 2004. The goals were to advance the prevention of vitamin A and other micronutrient deficiencies, especially those of iron and zinc; to better understand the diversity of nutrient-nutrient and nutrient-disease interactions; and to consider how knowledge of such effects can be used to enhance the effectiveness and safety of micronutrient interventions. These issues were examined in over 45 oral and 100 poster presentations during the 5-day meeting, which was attended by approximately 800 delegates from 71 countries throughout the world. Building on the momentum of the 21st IVACG meeting in Morocco in 2003 to integrate micronutrient strategies through invited participation of INACG and IZiNCG, the Peru theme and program established the IVACG meeting as the largest forum in the world dedicated to improving the health, development, and survival of children and women through the prevention of multiple micronutrient deficiencies. This report summarizes proceedings of the first three days of deliberation and the formal “IVACG Meeting,” which addressed vitamin A and the common micronutrient agenda and was dedicated to the memory and contributions of Dr. Clive West. (excerpt) Spanish Abstract: El tema "Vitamina A y agenda común para los micronutrientes" brindó la dirección científica y el contexto programático para el XXII encuentro del Grupo Consultivo Internacional sobre Vitamina A (IVACGG, International Vitamin A Consultative Group), que tuvo lugar en Lima, Perú del 15 al 17 de noviembre de 2004. Los objetivos fueron impulsar la prevención de la deficiencia de vitamina A y de otros micronutrientes, especialmente de hierro y zinc; comprender mejor la diversidad de las interacciones entre los distintos micronutrientes y entre los micronutrientes y las enfermedades; y considerar de qué modo puede utilizarse el conocimiento de tales efectos para potenciar la eficacia y la seguridad de las intervenciones asociadas a los micronutrientes. Estos temas se analizaron en más de 45 presentaciones orales y 100 carteles durante el encuentro de cinco días, que contó con la presencia de aproximadamente 800 delegados de 71 países. Consolidando el impulso brindado a la integración de estrategias de micronutrientes por el XXI encuentro del IVACG en Marruecos en 2003 a través de la participación de invitados como los grupos consultivos internacionales sobre anemia nutricional y zinc (INACG y IZiNCG, respectivamente), el tema y el programa de Perú establecieron el encuentro del IVACG como el mayor foro mundial dedicado a mejorar la salud, el desarrollo y la supervivencia de los nińos y mujeres mediante la prevención de numerosas deficiencias de micronutrientes. Este informe sintetiza los procedimientos de los tres primeros días de deliberaciones y el "encuentro formal del IVACG", que versó sobre la vitamina A y la agenda común de los micronutrientes y se dedicó a la memoria y los aportes del Dr. Clive West. (extracto) Language: English Keywords: PERU | SUMMARY REPORT | GROUP MEETING | VITAMIN A | VITAMINS AND MINERALS | NUTRITION | FOOD SUPPLY | FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION | NUTRITION PROGRAMS | DEFICIENCY DISEASES | INFECTIONS | MONITORING | Developing Countries | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Communication | Physiology | Biology | Health | Natural Resources | Environment | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Nutrition Disorders | Diseases | Evaluation Document Number: 292767 |
| 23. Title: Iron Deficiency in Early Life: Challenges and Progress. Report of the 2004 International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group Symposium, Lima, Peru, 18 November 2004. [Deficiencia de hierro en etapas tempranas de la vida: desafíos y progresos. Informe del Simposio del Grupo Consultivo Internacional sobre Anemia Nutricional, Lima, Perú, 18 de noviembre de 2004.] Author: Creed-Kanashiro H; Giyose B Source: Washington, D.C., ILSI Human Nutrition Institute, International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group, 2005 Sep. 74 p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-98-00027-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PN-ADE-459) Abstract: Dr. Frances Davidson, of the US Agency for International Development (USAID), in Washington, DC, USA, and who also serves as Secretary of INACG, opened the symposium. In her welcome remarks and opening statement, Dr. Davidson noted with emphasis the lack of adequate attention to micronutrient malnutrition, especially that of iron. This is unfortunate given the very high prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia worldwide. The debilitating effects and developmental consequences brought about by the deficiency of this important nutrient, particularly in early life, are tragic. She went on to highlight the issues at hand by noting that infectious diseases such as malaria contribute to this situation. Given this scenario, Dr. Davidson emphasized the need for strong and successful policies worldwide. Given that micronutrient deficiencies usually overlap, and do not appear as isolated problems, it is critical for scientists, policy makers, and program managers to work together toward the prevention and eradication of micronutrient malnutrition. She added that there have been recent positive highlights in research and program efforts internationally, and that lessons from these must be learned and applied. In conclusion, Dr. Davidson recognized that there is significant progress overall in iron deficiency/iron deficiency anemia prevention and control, but was quick to impress upon the participants that more work still needs to be done in order to reach the public health goals set by nations. (excerpt) Spanish Abstract: La apertura del simposio estuvo a cargo de la Dra. Frances Davidson, miembro de la Agencia Estadounidense para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID, US Agency for International Development) con sede en Washington, DC, EE.UU., y secretaria del Grupo Consultivo Internacional sobre Anemia Nutricional (INACG, International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group). En sus palabras inaugurales de bienvenida, la Dra. Davidson enfatizó que no se presta la debida atención a la desnutrición provocada por deficiencias de micronutrientes, especialmente de hierro. Este es un hecho lamentable dada la altísima prevalencia mundial de deficiencia de hierro y anemia. Los efectos debilitantes y las consecuencias en el desarrollo derivadas de la deficiencia de este importante nutriente, en especial en la primera etapa de la vida, son trágicos. Acto seguido, la Dra. Davidson destacó los problemas frecuentes, remarcando que enfermedades infecciosas como la malaria contribuyen a esta situación. En este contexto, puso de relieve la necesidad de implementar políticas firmes y eficaces a nivel mundial. Dado que las deficiencias de micronutrientes habitualmente se superponen y no se presentan como problemas aislados, es fundamental que los científicos, los responsables de formular políticas y los directores de programas trabajen mancomunadamente para prevenir y erradicar la desnutrición por esta causa. Agregó, asimismo, que recientemente ha habido hechos destacables en la investigación e iniciativas de programas a nivel internacional, y que debemos aprender y aplicar las lecciones que nos legaron. Como conclusión, la Dra. Davidson admitió que ha habido un progreso general significativo en la prevención de la deficiencia de hierro y la anemia derivada de esta deficiencia, pero se apresuró a recordar a los participantes que se requiere un mayor esfuerzo para alcanzar las metas de salud pública fijadas por las distintas naciones. (extracto) Language: English Keywords: PERU | SUMMARY REPORT | GROUP MEETING | MOTHERS | MATERNAL NUTRITION | SERUM IRON LEVEL | MATERNAL-FETAL EXCHANGE | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION | VITAMINS AND MINERALS | NUTRITION PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Communication | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Nutrition | Health | Hemic System | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 292768 |
| 24. Title: Rational Pharmaceutical Management Plus. Meeting of the Consultative Group on Engaging the Private Sector for Child Health and Malaria, April 1-2, 2004: trip report. Author: Miralles M Source: Arlington, Virginia, Management Sciences for Health [MSH], Rational Pharmaceutical Management Plus, 2005 Feb 11. [15] p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No: PD-ACH-010USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-00-00016-00) Abstract: As a partner of the Child Survival Partnership, RPM Plus, through support of the SO3 Child Survival portfolio, has continued to grow in support of exploring and promoting proven private sector interventions in support of child survival. RPM Plus' contributions have included participation in technical and advocacy meetings to develop and implement activities to further this agenda. Maria Miralles traveled to the London School of Tropical Hygiene and Health to attend a meeting of the Consultative Group on Engaging the Private Sector for Child Health and Malaria. The meeting took place April 1 and 2, 2004. The purpose of the meeting was to participate in drafting an agenda for an international conference to be held later in the year to raise the awareness of donors, Ministries of Health, NGOs and key private sector entities of the value of collaboration to fight basic child health and malaria health problems. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | AFRICA, NORTH | ASIA | FIELD REPORT | GROUP MEETING | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | CHILD | CHILD HEALTH | MALARIA PREVENTION | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS | PLANNING | PROGRAM DESIGN | Developing Countries | Communication | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 306114 |
| 25. Title: Rational Pharmaceutical Management Plus. Roll Back Malaria East African Regional Network Partners Meeting, Kampala, Uganda, January 2005: trip report. Author: Shretta R; Tetteh G Source: Arlington, Virginia, Management Sciences for Health [MSH], Rational Pharmaceutical Management Plus, 2005 Feb. [10] p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No: PD-ACH-012USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-00-00016-00) Abstract: More than 90% of the clinical cases of malaria each year occur in Africa with much of the burden in children under five years of age. Pregnant women are especially at risk and strategies to decrease the morbidity in this group have been found to be effective. Strategies to address these challenges must be implemented in collaboration with programs aimed at integrated approaches to childhood illness and reproductive health. Management Sciences for Health's (MSH) Rational Pharmaceutical Management Plus (RPM Plus) Program has received funds from USAID to develop strategies to implement malaria policies and to provide technical assistance in pharmaceutical management issues for malaria. RPM Plus is a key technical partner in the USAID Malaria Action Coalition (MAC), a partnership among four technical partners: The World Health Organization (WHO), working primarily through its Africa Regional Office (AFRO), the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the ACCESS Program of JHPIEGO and RPM Plus. RPM Plus has been working to improve pharmaceutical management for malaria in countries in Africa by identifying and addressing the causes of poor access, ineffective supply, and inappropriate use of antimalarials. RPM Plus has developed and applied tools to assess pharmaceutical management for malaria and has worked to provide technical assistance to countries by working with policymakers, researchers, managers, and providers in the public and private sectors to implement new and proven interventions. Significant among these interventions are Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | FIELD REPORT | GROUP MEETING | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | MOTHERS | CHILD | MATERNAL HEALTH | MALARIA PREVENTION | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Communication | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 306115 |
| 26. Title: Rational Pharmaceutical Management Plus. Malaria Action Coalition trip to develop a joint annual workplan under USAID / WARP funding, Accra, Ghana: trip report. January 10-15, 2005. Author: Tetteh G Source: Arlington, Virginia, Management Sciences for Health [MSH], Rational Pharmaceutical Management Plus, 2005 Feb. 22 p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No: PD-ACH-017USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-00-00016-00) Abstract: More than 90% of the clinical cases of malaria each year occur in Africa with much of the burden in children under five years of age. Pregnant women are especially at risk and strategies to decrease the morbidity in this group have been found to be effective. Interventions to address these challenges must be implemented in collaboration with programs aimed at integrated approaches to childhood illness and reproductive health. Management Sciences for Health's (MSH) Rational Pharmaceutical Management Plus (RPM Plus) Program has received funds from USAID to develop strategies to implement malaria policies and to provide technical assistance in pharmaceutical management issues for malaria. RPM Plus is a key technical partner in the USAID Malaria Action Coalition (MAC), a partnership among four technical partners: The World Health Organization (WHO), working primarily through its Africa Regional Office (AFRO), the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the ACCESS Program of JHPIEGO, and RPM Plus. The goal of MAC is to provide technical support towards RBM goals as related to the attainment of two of the Abuja Summit targets for the treatment of malaria and the prevention of malaria in pregnancy. At least 60% of those suffering from malaria have prompt access to and are able to use correct, affordable and appropriate treatment within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. At least 60% of all pregnant women who are at risk of malaria, especially those in their first pregnancies, have access to intermittent preventive treatment (IPT). (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GHANA | EVALUATION REPORT | FIELD REPORT | GROUP MEETING | WORKPLAN | MALARIA PREVENTION | PREGNANCY | IMPLEMENTATION | PLANNING | PROGRAM DESIGN | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation | Communication | Organization and Administration | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Reproduction | Programs Document Number: 306118 |
| 27. Title: HIV Patient ART Monitoring Meeting, International Conference Centre, Geneva, 29-31 March 2004 and beyond. Author: HIV Patient ART Monitoring Meeting (2004: Geneva) Source: Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization [WHO], 2004. 39 p. Abstract: This document summarizes the deliberations and activities related to a meeting held in Geneva in March 2004 and a number sub-group deliberations and the Extended-MERG workshop held 28th October 2004. As such the original Meeting summary conclusions have been discussed in these various fora and this report includes the conclusions from these additional deliberations. However, this is a rapidly changing field and all conclusions need to be considered as interim conclusions. The aims of this meeting were twofold: 1.1) to discuss and identify the core variables to be collected for optimum patient management for anti-retroviral (ART) monitoring in various settings, including for mother-to-child-transmission (MCTC) and care for women and children programs; 1.2) to identify those variables used for monitoring patient management which would also allow for the evaluation and feedback of programs at various levels of the country’s health care system and to encourage harmonization of demands across relevant research or donor organizations operating in resource poor settings. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SWITZERLAND | GROUP MEETING | INFORMATION | HIV INFECTIONS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | TREATMENT | CLINIC ACTIVITIES | MONITORING | Developed Countries | Europe, Central | Europe | Communication | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Evaluation Document Number: 279891 |
| 28. Title: Growing up together: experiences of care and support for children affected by HIV / AIDS in India. Author: International HIV / AIDS Alliance; India HIV / AIDS Alliance Source: Brighton, England, International HIV / AIDS Alliance, 2004 Aug. 27 p. Abstract: This report draws on the learning of over 90 participants from across India and South East Asia, who attended a meeting in December 2002 entitled ‘Working with Children Affected by HIV/AIDS’, hosted by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance and the India HIV/AIDS Alliance (Alliance India). Participants came from a range of backgrounds – local and international, governmental, non-governmental and community-based organisations. The International HIV/AIDS Alliance and Alliance India have pioneered an integrated community- and home-based care and support programme in the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Delhi. Programme activities strive to create an enabling environment to address and challenge stigma and discrimination against HIV/AIDS affected families. In addition, projects in the three states encourage, and advocate, the participation of children affected by HIV/AIDS at all levels of programme development, planning and implementation. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | SUMMARY REPORT | GROUP MEETING | CHILD | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV PREVENTION | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Communication | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 280336 |
| 29. Title: Part one. Report of the Expert Group Meeting on Completing the Fertility Transition. Author: United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division Source: In: Expert Group Meeting on Completing the Fertility Transition, New York, 11-14 March 2002, [compiled by] United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. New York, New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2004. :1-23. Abstract: The United Nations Population Division, with the support of the MacArthur Foundation, convened the Expert Group Meeting on Completing the Fertility Transition, at United Nations Headquarters in New York, from 11-14 March 2002. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss guidelines for fertility change proposed by the Division for use in intermediate-fertility countries, defined as countries with total fertility between 2.1 and 5 children per woman in 1995-2000. The proposed guidelines anticipate that by 2050 fertility in the intermediate-fertility countries will fall below the level required for long-term population replacement. These guidelines represent an important break with traditional demographic views about the future of fertility and with the guidelines used by the Population Division to project the fertility of intermediate-fertility countries in the 2000 Revision of the official United Nations projections. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | EVALUATION REPORT | CASE STUDIES | GROUP MEETING | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | Evaluation | Studies | Research Methodology | Communication | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Document Number: 281125 |
| 30. Peer Reviewed Title: Consulting the community on stigma and discrimination in Zambia. Author: Atkins-van Kogelenberg N; Nyirenda W Source: Sexual Health Exchange. 2004;2(2):[4] p.. Abstract: During the HIV prevention work of Simalelo AIDS Peer Education Programme (SAPEP) in rural communities in Zambia's Southern Province, we are daily confronted with the needs and problems of people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. One of the key problems for programme implementation we have come across is stigma and discrimination, including of orphans and widows. In order to get a better picture of community attitudes towards the infected and affected, we decided to hold a participatory rural appraisal (PRA) in three villages. In addition, we looked at existing coping mechanisms of communities and individuals, in order to find ways of improving the capacity of individuals and communities to cope with the impact of HIV/AIDS. The local chief Hanjalika and headmen made it possible for SAPEP staff and fieldworkers to have discussions with communities as a whole, and separate discussions with affected groups, such as orphans, widows, the sick and caregivers. The discussions and interviews confirmed the existence of stigma and discrimination, and showed interesting differences between the perceptions of communities and affected groups. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | SUMMARY REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | RURAL POPULATION | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | GROUP MEETING | WIDOWED | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Problems | Organization and Administration | Communication | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Family and Household Document Number: 275053 |
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