1.  Title: Voluntary population planning activities -- supplemental requirements (January 2009) [letter] Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]. Bureau for Management. Office of Acquisition and Assistance Source: Washington, D.C., USAID, Bureau for Management, Office of Acquisition and Assistance, 2009 Jan 26. [5] p. Abstract: The purpose of this letter is to amend the Standard provisions of all grants and cooperative agreements involving any aspect of voluntary population planning activities and which contain the provision VOLUNTARY POPULATION PLANNING ACTIVITIES - SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS (May 2006). This provision is deleted and replaced by the new provision VOLUNTARY POPULATION PLANNING ACTIVITIES - SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS (January 2009) which removes the conditions relating to the Mexico City Policy that were set forth in the May 2006 version of the provision. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | USAID | STANDARDIZATION | GRANTS | POPULATION POLICY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | INCENTIVES | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS | ABORTION LAW | STERILIZATION, SEXUAL | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Data Adjustment | Research Methodology | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postconception Document Number: 331346 Notification |
| 2. Title: Mexico City Policy and assistance for voluntary population planning [memorandum] Author: Obama BH Source: Washington, D.C., White House, 2009 Jan 23. [2] p. Abstract: Memorandum for the Secretary of State and the administrator of the United States Agency for International Development with appended statement of President Barack Obama on rescinding the Mexico City policy, including the following: "It is clear that the provisions of the Mexico City Policy are unnecessarily broad and unwarranted under current law, and for the past eight years, they have undermined efforts to promote safe and effective voluntary family planning in developing countries. For these reasons, it is right for us to rescind this policy and restore critical efforts to protect and empower women and promote global economic development.", The White House, Office of the Press Secretary (23 Jan 2009). White House press statement appended 31 Mar 2009. (Excerpts) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | ABORTION LAW | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | FOREIGN AID | USAID | GRANTS | STANDARDS | POPULATION POLICY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Social Policy | Policy | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Research Methodology Document Number: 331358 Notification |
| 3. Title: Obstetrical and gynecological devices; designation of special controls for male condoms made of natural rubber latex. Author: Food and Drug Administration, HHS Source: Federal Register. 2008 Nov 10;73(218):66522-39. Abstract: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending the classification regulation for condoms to designate a special control for male condoms made of natural rubber latex (latex). The special control for the device is the guidance document entitled "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Labeling for Natural Rubber Latex Condoms Classified Under 21 CFR 884.5300." The FDA will publish a notice in the Federal Register announcing the availability of the special control guidance document no later than the effective date of this final rule. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | RESEARCH REPORT | CLASSIFICATION | MEN | POLICYMAKERS | CONDOMS | PRODUCT APPROVAL | USFDA | SPERMICIDAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS | LEGISLATION | EPIDEMIOLOGY | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | USPHS | Government Agencies | Organizations | Contraceptive Agents | Public Health | Health | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases Document Number: 329830 |
| 4. Title: Using national resources to finance contraceptive procurement. Policy brief. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, [2008]. [9] p. (Policy Brief) Abstract: Driven by the increasing demand for and popularity of family planning, increasing population size, and changing demographics with more couples entering their fertile years, the financing requirement for contraceptives has become increasingly onerous. Strategies to finance contraceptives include expansion of the donor base; increased use of cost recovery, including revolving drug funds; greater use of the private sector; and direct government financing of contraceptive procurement. None of these is mutually exclusive, and to ensure contraceptive security, most countries are likely to use some or all of these approaches, and many others. Evidence suggests that many governments are beginning to finance contraceptive procurement using national resources, but limited data are publicly available regarding the global extent of this financing. This brief details the findings of a survey of the extent to which national governments of developing countries are using national resources to finance contraceptive procurement. The brief examines the different types of financing used, some of the benefits of this type of financing, and some of the issues it raises. Hopefully, this study can be repeated to track spending and will spur more rigorous efforts to measure this practice. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | SURVEYS | GOVERNMENT | USAID | LOGISTICS | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | WORLD BANK | FOREIGN AID | FUNDS | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Management | Organization and Administration | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | International Agencies Document Number: 326278 |
| 5. Title: Report to Congress: Health-related research and development activities at USAID. An update on the Five-Year Strategy, 2006-2010. Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID] Source: Washington, D.C., USAID, 2008 Sep. 57 p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No: PD-ACL916) Abstract: With this report, USAID provides an update on its five-year health research strategy, for using research funds to stimulate the development and introduction of key products. Significant progress has been made in many areas, influencing policies and programming on the ground in real time. Examples of progress toward the goals of the health research strategy outlined in the 2006 report include the completion of: 1) a study that demonstrated the equivalence of home treatment of severe pneumonia in young children to facility-based care, potentially significantly changing the way the illness is managed in developing countries, saving a significant number of lives every year, and taking pressure off health systems; 2) introduction trials in several countries providing an understanding of how to increase the availability and uptake of zinc treatment in the public and private sectors, while also increasing the uptake of oral rehydration salts for reduced childhood morbidity and mortality from diarrhea; and 3) a new tool, Sampling at Service Sites (SSS), which measures the rates of maternal mortality in the community and offers potential lower cost and time savings over traditional house-to-house surveys for the evaluation of safe motherhood interventions. Some findings during the past year have initiated changes in the strategy, specifically in vaccine and microbicide development. Because of the technical leadership at USAID and the development process of the original strategy, alternative pathways were anticipated. USAID and our partners were ready to adjust next steps and quickly move forward with alternative activities to maintain momentum toward our goals. The activities highlighted in this document represent approximately 80 percent ($142 million) of the total amount USAID used in 2008 for the main areas of research on product development and introduction. This report does not cover an estimated $35.5 million for research that is mainly funded by USAID field Missions on local questions and needs, such as formative research on child feeding practices, measurements of local disease burdens, or improvements in district health services. This report leads with an update on maternal, newborn, and child health research. With a new Maternal and Child Health Strategic Approach and the support of Congress, USAID is committed to accelerating the development, introduction, and scale-up of the delivery of effective interventions in high-mortality countries to help them achieve the Millennium Development Goals for maternal and child health. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | RESEARCH PROPOSAL | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | USAID | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANNING | DEVELOPMENT PLANS | FIVE-YEAR PLANS | TUBERCULOSIS | HIV INFECTIONS | MALARIA | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Technology | Economic Factors | Research Methodology | Social Planning | Development Planning | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Parasitic Diseases Document Number: 329542 |
| 6. Title: HIV situation in India. Source: Health for the Millions. 2007 Feb-Mar;32(6):33-34. Abstract: India, today stands at the crossroads in its battle against HIV. Responding to the immense challenge of the HIV/AIDS threat, NACO has articulated a clear and effective response to increase access to services and communicate effectively for behaviour change. HIV is an infection caused by a virus. HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. HIV is a tiny virus, a thousand times smaller than the thickness of human hair. It looks like a rolled up porcupine or a sunflower in full bloom. HIV infects human cells and muses the energy and nutrients provided by those cells to grow and reproduce. The first case of HIV infection in India was detected in 1986 in Chennai. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV TRANSMISSION | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | MISINFORMATION | STIGMA | HEALTH POLICY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Communication | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Policy | Political Factors Document Number: 308845 |
| 7. Title: Gender Equality Action Plan 2007-2009. Making faster progress to gender equality. Author: United Kingdom. Department for International Development [DFID] Source: London, England, DFID, 2007 Feb. 18 p. (DFID Practice PaperBriefing) Abstract: This Gender Equality Action Plan (GEAP) explains how the Department for International Development (DFID) will help developing countries to achieve gender equality and women's empowerment. In 2006, DFID published a White Paper, called 'Eliminating World Poverty: making governance work for the poor' which committed us to making our work on gender equality and women's rights more of a priority. The Plan explains what action we will now take. It sets out how DFID can better use its partnerships, its money, and the way we manage our staff to make a lasting difference to gender equality and women's empowerment. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | FOREIGN AID | GENDER ISSUES | INEQUALITIES | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | GOALS | SEX DISCRIMINATION | POLITICAL FACTORS | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Policy | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Women's Status | Planning | Organization and Administration | Social Discrimination | Social Problems Document Number: 316349 |
| 8. Title: Gender equality at the heart of development. Why the role of women is crucial to ending world poverty. Author: United Kingdom. Department for International Development [DFID] Source: London, England, DFID, 2007. 32 p. Abstract: The world is unequal and it is most unequal for women and girls. Most of the poorest people in the world are women and part of what makes them poor is the discrimination they face purely because of their gender. These are the girls whose brothers go off to school in the morning while they stay at home to fetch water or work around the house. They are the women who do the same jobs as men but get paid less, or whose wages go direct to a husband or a father. Or the women who are not allowed to get a job at all. They are the women who are beaten, raped and infected with HIV and AIDS, the mothers who die in childbirth, the girls who are trafficked to be sold as a sexual commodity. And they are also the activists who long to change the laws and traditions that deny them their rights, but are forbidden from taking part in any decision-making. The dice are loaded against half the human race. In rural Africa it is women - not trucks, not trains, not planes - who carry two-thirds of all goods that are transported. In Southeast Asia, women provide up to 90% of labour for rice cultivation. In India, Nepal and Thailand, fewer than 10% of women farmers own land. In sub-Saharan Africa, women produce up to 80% of basic foodstuffs. But a survey of credit schemes in five African countries found women received less than 10% percent of the credit given to male smallholders. This is the reality of a world that is too often stacked against women. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CRIME | POVERTY | GENDER ISSUES | INEQUALITIES | SEX DISCRIMINATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | EDUCATION | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | POLITICAL FACTORS | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Social Problems | Socioeconomic Factors | Social Discrimination | Women's Status Document Number: 316350 |
| 9. Title: President's Malaria Initiative: Malaria operational plan -- FY07, Mozambique. Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]; United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Source: Washington, D.C., USAID, 2007. 61 p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PD-ACI-907) Abstract: The President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) began in 2006. Proposed funding levels are $135 million in FY07, $300 million in FY08 and FY09, and $500 million in FY10. The aim is to cover a total population of 175 million in 15 countries by 2010. Three countries were selected in the first year of the PMI. Mozambique was one of the four countries selected in the second year. In implementing this Initiative, the United States Government is committed to working closely with host governments and within existing national malaria control strategies and plans. Efforts will be coordinated with other national and international partners, including the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM), Roll Back Malaria (RBM), the World Bank Malaria Booster Program, and the non-governmental and private sectors, to ensure that investments are complementary and that RBM and Millennium Development goals can be achieved. This document presents a detailed one-year implementation plan for the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) in Mozambique. It was developed in close consultation with the National Malaria Control Program and with the participation of nearly all national and international partners involved with malaria prevention and control in the country. The activities that the PMI is proposing to support fit in well with the Ministry of Health Strategic Plan for Malaria Control, which was being finalized as this plan was developed, and build on investments made by USAID to improve and expand malaria-related services over the past several years. This plan reviews the current status of malaria control policies and interventions in Mozambique, identifies challenges and unmet needs if the targets of the PMI are to be achieved, and provides a description of proposed Year 1 activities under the PMI. A 3-Year Strategy and Plan for Mozambique is presented in Annex 2. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MOZAMBIQUE | ANNUAL REPORT | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CHILDREN | PREGNANT WOMEN | USAID | PARASITE CONTROL | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | MALARIA PREVENTION | CAPACITY BUILDING | BED NETS | PESTICIDES | VECTOR CONTROL | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Health | Behavior Change | Behavior | Communication Programs | Communication | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Program Sustainability | Ingredients and Chemicals | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control Document Number: 323487 |
| 10. Title: President's Malaria Initiative: Malaria operational plan -- FY07, Senegal. Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]; United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Source: Washington, D.C., USAID, 2007. 48 p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PD-ACI-791) Abstract: This PMI Year 1 Malaria Operational Plan (MOP) for Senegal was developed in close consultation with the National Malaria Control Program and with participation of nearly all national and international partners involved with malaria prevention and control in the country. The activities that the PMI is proposing to support fit in well with the Ministry of Health Strategic Plan for Malaria Control, which was being finalized as this plan was developed. To achieve the targets of the PMI in Senegal, the following major activities are proposed for the $16 million of funding during Year 1 of the Initiative: scale up coverage of children under five and pregnant women with ITNs through a variety of strategies ($6,650,000); support well-organized IRS activities in up to three districts ($3,200,000); strengthen the Ministry of Health's pharmaceutical management system and support safe and effective implementation of ACTs nationwide ($2,975,000); support the MoH to increase the proportion of pregnant women whoreceive two doses of IPTp at ANCs ($800,000). improve the quality of laboratory diagnosis of malaria ($510,000); and support a nationwide survey to measure coverage of major malaria interventions to provide baseline information for the President's Malaria Initiative ($500,000). (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SENEGAL | ANNUAL REPORT | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CHILDREN | PREGNANT WOMEN | USAID | PARASITE CONTROL | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | MALARIA PREVENTION | CAPACITY BUILDING | BED NETS | PESTICIDES | VECTOR CONTROL | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Health | Behavior Change | Behavior | Communication Programs | Communication | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Program Sustainability | Ingredients and Chemicals | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control Document Number: 323489 |
| 11. Title: President's Malaria Initiative: Malaria operational plan (MOP), Rwanda, FY 2007. Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]; United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Source: Washington, D.C., USAID, 2007 Jan 5. 55 p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PD-ACI-908) Abstract: This PMI Year 1 Malaria Operational Plan for Rwanda was developed in close consultation with the PNILP and with participation of many national and international partners involved in malaria prevention and control in the country. To achieve the targets of the PMI in Rwanda, the following major activities are proposed for the $17 million of funding during Year 1 of the Initiative: support IRS in 5 districts, including equipment, insecticide, building IRS capacity at sector, district, and national levels, preparation of IRS guidelines and protocols, and IEC/BCC (planned coverage of rural, urban, and periurban areas) ($4,358,000); increase coverage of target groups with long-lasting ITNs (LLINs) and develop capacity for evaluation of LLIN coverage in order to forecast replacement needs ($3,450,000); introduce home-based management of fever (HBMF) with ACTs into 14 districts (12 existing HBMF districts and two new) ($3,791,000); increase demand for strengthened and integrated antenatal care (ANC) services, improve quality of ANC services, and procure sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and iron-folate for IPTp and ANC ($580,000); introduce provision of ACTs through the private sector ($1,498,000); and, strengthen drug quality assurance and commodity distribution systems ($543,000). strengthen and support laboratory diagnostics capacity for malaria through the National Reference Laboratory and the PNILP ($260,000). (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: RWANDA | ANNUAL REPORT | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CHILDREN | PREGNANT WOMEN | USAID | PARASITE CONTROL | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | MALARIA PREVENTION | CAPACITY BUILDING | BED NETS | PESTICIDES | VECTOR CONTROL | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Health | Behavior Change | Behavior | Communication Programs | Communication | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Program Sustainability | Ingredients and Chemicals | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control Document Number: 323488 |
| 12. Title: The President's Malaria Initiative: Saving the lives of mothers and children in Africa. First annual report. Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]; United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Source: Washington, D.C., USAID, 2007 Mar. 55 p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PD-ACJ-118) Abstract: Each year, an estimated 300 to 500 million people become ill with malaria worldwide and more than one million die. Of these deaths, 85 percent occur in sub-Saharan Africa. For children in Africa, malaria is a leading cause of death. It also accounts for approximately 40 percent of public health expenditures in Africa and is estimated to cause an annual loss of $12 billion from the continent's gross domestic product. In spite of these grim statistics, malaria is a preventable and treatable disease. At a meeting in Abuja, Nigeria, in 2000, African heads of state made a pledge to significantly scale up malaria control efforts in their countries. Since that time, the international community has responded by increasing global advocacy and funding for malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa through the Roll Back Malaria Partnership, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (GFATM), The World Bank Malaria Booster Program, and private donors, such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. InJune 2005, President George W. Bush, recognizing the critical need for greater international efforts to reduce the burden of malaria across Africa, announced the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI). The PMI represents an historic five-year expansion of U.S. Government resources to fight malaria in the region most affected by the disease. The President committed an additional $1.2 billion in malaria funding to this Initiative and set two ambitious goals for PMI focus countries: reduce the estimated number of deaths caused by malaria by 50 percent; and reach 85 percent of those most vulnerable to malaria - children under five years of age and pregnant women - with a package of four proven and highly effective prevention and treatment measures. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | ANNUAL REPORT | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CHILDREN | PREGNANT WOMEN | USAID | PARASITE CONTROL | FOREIGN AID | MALARIA PREVENTION | MONITORING | BED NETS | PESTICIDES | Developing Countries | Africa | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Health | Financial Activities | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Evaluation | Ingredients and Chemicals Document Number: 323486 |
| 13. Title: President's Malaria Initiative: Uganda, malaria operational plan -- FY 2007. Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]; United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Source: Washington, D.C., USAID, 2007. 50 p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse Document ID / Order No. PD-ACI-909) Abstract: The President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) will support existing NMCP strategies and will coordinate closely with international and national partners to complement their funding and efforts. To achieve the goal and targets of the PMI in Uganda, the following major activities will be supported in year two of the Initiative: distribution of free ITNs to vulnerable groups through ANC clinics, large-scale campaigns, and to net facilities where non-governmental organizations and faith-based organizations can subsidize sales of ITNs to the lower wealth quintiles as well as the sale of ITNs through the retail market; conduct IRS with effective insecticides in two epidemic-prone districts, a high transmission district and IDP camps in Northern Uganda; support ACT policy implementation and strengthening logistics and distribution systems to ensure that ACTs are available in health facilities; revitalize the national IPT plan by continuing to support and training private and NGO health workers; and involve the private sector/NGOs/FBOs in malaria control activities. The PMI will include a strong monitoring and evaluation component to measure progress against project goals and targets, to identify problems in program implementation, to allow modifications to be made efficiently if and when they are needed, and to confirm that those modifications are having their desired effect. This plan will be coordinated with the NMCP, the GFATM, and other partners to standardize data collection and reporting. This document presents a detailed one-year implementation plan for the second year of the PMI in Uganda. It briefly reviews the current status of malaria control policies and interventions in Uganda, identifies challenges and unmet needs if the targets of the PMI are to be achieved and provides a description of proposed year two activities under the PMI. The MOP was developed in cooperation and consultation with the National Malaria Control Program and other stakeholders. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | ANNUAL REPORT | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CHILDREN | PREGNANT WOMEN | USAID | PARASITE CONTROL | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | MALARIA PREVENTION | CAPACITY BUILDING | BED NETS | PESTICIDES | VECTOR CONTROL | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Health | Behavior Change | Behavior | Communication Programs | Communication | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Program Sustainability | Ingredients and Chemicals | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control Document Number: 323490 |
| 14. Title: Reproductive health assessment toolkit for conflict-affected women. Author: United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Division of Reproductive Health; United States. Agency for International Development [USAID] Source: Atlanta, Georgia, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, 2007 Jan. 268 p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PN-ADI-800) Abstract: The Division of Reproductive Health (DRH) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), officially began a refugee program in 1998 and has since increased the program's focus on refugee reproductive health. DRH defines refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) as all populations affected by conflict, including those in the emergency phase, those in post-emergency camps, those returning to their countries of origin, and those who have integrated into the local host community. This broad definition allows public health officers to follow health issues throughout the refugee experience - from the emergency setting to that of viable communities. An important goal for DRH is to design and implement epidemiologic investigations to evaluate the reproductive health status of women affected by conflict and to provide information about reproductive health services. The Reproductive Health Assessment Toolkit for Conflict-Affected Women was developed to meet this goal. The Toolkit provides a quantitative survey instrument, sampling instructions, a training manual, a data entry program, a list of key indicators, data analysis tables, suggestions for data use, and additional resources that will enable field agencies to assess the reproductive health needs of conflict-affected women. Survey results can guide field agencies in selecting, promoting, and enhancing programs and services to improve the reproductive health of their target populations. This Toolkit has been deemed public health practice by the CDC because it can identify reproductive health problems, needs, or gaps among conflict-affected women and then be used to inform programs and services. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | RECOMMENDATIONS | HEALTH SURVEYS | KAP SURVEYS | DATA COLLECTION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | INTERVIEWERS | WAR | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | USAID | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | INTERVIEWS | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | Health | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Survey Personnel | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Government Agencies | Organizations | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Training Programs | Education Document Number: 323491 |
| 15. Title: Republic of Macedonia. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2005-2006. Monitoring the situation of children and women. Author: Stojanovska S; Dimitrovska V; Feuk R Source: Skopje, Macedonia, State Statistical Office, 2007 Sep. 176 p. Abstract: The 2005 Republic of Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is a nationally representative survey of households, women and children. The main objectives of the survey are to provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Republic of Macedonia, and to supply the data needed for monitoring progress towards the World Fit for Children goals. In addition, the purpose of the MICS survey is to provide data needed for evaluating how far we have come midway into the decade in reaching the child-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Fieldwork was conducted in the period November 2005. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MACEDONIA | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | SURVEYS | HOUSEHOLDS | CHILD MORTALITY | CHILD NUTRITION | CHILD HEALTH | SANITATION | WATER SUPPLY | EDUCATION | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | HIV PREVENTION | SEX BEHAVIOR | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Nutrition | Health | Public Health | Natural Resources | Environment | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Biology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior Document Number: 324538 |
| 16. Title: Gender analysis and assessment, USAID / Cambodia. Volume I: Gender analysis. Author: DevTech Systems Source: [Phnom Penh], Cambodia, United States Agency for International Development [USAID], 2006 Mar. 58 p. Abstract: The Gender Analysis and Assessment developed for USAID/Cambodia draws on two principal sources of information. It began with a review of documents on gender issues in Cambodia, from the USAID Mission, other donors and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the government. In particular, it builds on the 2004 in-depth cross-sector analysis, A Fair Share for Women: Cambodia Gender Assessment, prepared by UNIFEM with a coalition of donors and the Ministry of Women's Affairs. The report also draws on insights gleaned by the assessment team during two weeks of interviews and meetings in Cambodia in October 2005, with government officials, donors, NGOs, project implementers, and commune councilors. The report is in two volumes, the Gender Analysis, and the Gender Assessment for USAID/Cambodia. As Cambodia moves through the tentative process of recovery from the decades of violence and unrest, traditional gender roles and relationships are challenged and subject to constant change. In terms of policyand legal frameworks, efforts to promote gender equality and women's human rights appear to be gaining momentum. At the same time, socio-cultural norms and a culture of impunity continue to undermine implementation and enforcement. Cambodian society remains largely patriarchal and hierarchical, with strong traditional norms that assign higher status to men and marginalize women who are not married. Disparities between men and women in resources, decision-making power, and basic social well-being, coupled with widespread poverty, stand as significant constraints to sustainable economic and social development. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CAMBODIA | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | GOVERNMENT | DISABLED PERSONS AND DISABILITIES | GENDER ISSUES | SEX DISCRIMINATION | WOMEN'S HEALTH | EDUCATION | SOCIAL POLICY | HUMAN RIGHTS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Health | Policy Document Number: 316486 |
| 17. Title: The Safe Schools Program: quantitative research instrument to measure school-related gender-based violence. Assessing the knowledge, attitudes, practices and experiences of boys, girls and teachers with physical, psychological and sexual violence. Author: DevTech Systems; University of Malawi. Centre for Educational Research and Training Source: [Arlington, Virginia], DevTech Systems, 2006 Dec. 55 p. Abstract: This document presents the quantitative research instruments used to examine school-related gender-based violence in schools in Malawi. The study was carried out by DevTech Systems, Inc. and the Centre for Educational Research and Training (CERT) through the USAID-funded Safe Schools Program. The Safe Schools Program (Safe Schools) is working in Malawi and Ghana to create safe environments for all girls and boys that promote gender-equitable relationships and reduce school-related gender-based violence (SRGBV), resulting in improved educational outcomes and reduced negative health outcomes. Safe Schools' focus is where education, gender, and violence come together in the form of school-related gender-based violence. This type of violence is based on gendered norms for roles and relationships. It can be either physical, sexual, or psychological or combinations of the three. It can take place in the school, on the school grounds, going to and from school, or in school dormitories. Gender-based violence can be perpetrated by teachers, pupils, or community members. Both girls and boys can be victims as well as perpetrators. Both educational and reproductive health outcomes are negatively affected by gender violence. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | EVALUATION RESEARCH | KAP SURVEYS | SCHOOL AGE POPULATION | USAID | SCHOOLS | VIOLENCE | GENDER RELATIONS | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | RAPE | PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE | SEXUAL ABUSE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation Methodology | Evaluation | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Education | Behavior | Gender Issues | Psychological Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Aggression Document Number: 311691 |
| 18. Title: Malaria control in Tajikistan. USAID final report. Final report: January - December 2005. (Includes the no-cost extension period from October -December 2005. Author: Medical Emergency Relief International [Merlin] Source: London, England, Merlin, [2006]. 16 p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No: PD-ACG-878) Abstract: The goals and objectives: To improve the health of populations living in malaria endemic areas of Tajikistan through reduction of the malaria burden. The program aims to: a) Support malaria control activities in Tajikistan through close collaboration with the Ministry of Health; b) Build the capacity for malaria diagnosis and treatment by health professionals and authorities at the primary health care level, enabling the planning and implementation of effective, evidence-based malaria control programming; c) Promote sustained progress in malaria control by aiming at behavior change through social mobilization, enabling populations to take functional responsibility for their health. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: TAJIKISTAN | EVALUATION REPORT | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | MALARIA PREVENTION | USAID | EXPENDITURES | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | CAPACITY BUILDING | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | GRANTS | FOREIGN AID | Asia, Central | Asia | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 306109 |
| 19. Title: Sweden's international policy on sexual and reproductive health and rights. Author: Sweden. Regeringskansliet Source: Stockholm, Sweden, Regeringskansliet, 2006 Feb. 31 p. Abstract: The aim of this document is to give an account of the Swedish Government's position and to outline strategic areas in the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). It will be the basis for the bilateral, multilateral, operational and normative work that Sweden in different ways carries out in international contexts. In translating the policy into actions and practice, it will therefore be necessary to adapt its implementation to varying situations and specific settings. The point of departure for Sweden's international work in the area of SRHR is the results of UN international conferences, in particular the UN International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo in 1994 and the UN World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995, as well as the Government bill and policy Shared Responsibility - Sweden's Policy for Global Development (PGD) which was adopted by the Swedish Parliament in December 2003. Shared Responsibility emphasizes policy coherence and presents a whole-of-government approach to the promotion of global development and to Sweden's role in such processes. Its overall goal is the achievement of equitable and sustainable global development. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SWEDEN | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POLICYMAKERS | HEALTH POLICY | SOCIAL POLICY | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HUMAN RIGHTS | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | FOREIGN AID | Europe, Northern | Europe | Developed Countries | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Financial Activities Document Number: 316474 |
| 20. Title: Trafficking in persons: USAID's response. Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID] Source: Washington, D.C., USAID, 2006 Mar. 26 p. Abstract: USAID has a critical role in the U.S. Government's fight against trafficking in persons. Over the past five years USAID has supported anti-trafficking activities in more than 70 countries tailored to the conditions of the country. Most prevention programs combine awareness raising and education, employment, and income generation. Protection programs include training and other support for local providers of victim services, as well as direct support for shelters. To improve prosecution of traffickers, USAID provides anti-trafficking training for law enforcement and the judiciary. USAID support for anti-trafficking activities in 2005 totaled $21.34 million, of which $15.18 million was from USAID resources and $6.16 was from the President's Anti-Trafficking Initiative. African countries received $2.2 million; Latin American and Caribbean Countries received $7.58 million (including $6.16 million from the President's Initiative); $3.4 million went to countries in Asia and the Near East; and, countries in Europe and Eurasia received $7.86 million. The Office of Women in Development (WID), which coordinates USAID's anti-trafficking efforts, provided $300,000 in worldwide technical assistance as well as contributing to activities in Madagascar and Nepal. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | EVALUATION | SEX WORKERS | SLAVES | REFUGEES | USAID | SEXUAL TRAFFICKING | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | WAR | NATURAL DISASTERS | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Environment Document Number: 319688 |
| 21. Title: Users' guide to USAID / Washington health programs. Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]. Bureau for Global Health Source: Washington, D.C., USAID, 2006 May. [192] p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No: PN-ADG-713) Abstract: The United States government's resolve to improve the quality of life and prospects for development in developing countries has been implemented for more than 40 years through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). The United States government's performance goal for health is "Improve Global Health, including child, maternal and reproductive health, and the reduction of abortion and disease, especially HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis." Global health challenges are too large for any single government, agency, or organization to confront alone. USAID's success in the health arena has been achieved through synergies among its own programs, and close collaboration and strong partnerships with the people and governments of assisted countries, other U.S. government agencies, bilateral donors and foundations, private voluntary organizations, universities, and private businesses. We continue to forge new alliances, for example, with faith-based and community organizations, and to participate in key international coalitions. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | DIRECTORY | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | USAID | HIV INFECTIONS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | AIDS | COMMUNICABLE DISEASES | CHILD HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Infections | Health | Family Planning Document Number: 309450 |
| 22. Title: United States Mission to India five-year strategic plan for the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, 2006-2010. Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]. Mission to India Source: [New Delhi, India], USAID, 2006 Feb. [32] p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No: PD-ACH-050) Abstract: India has been battling an HIV/AIDS epidemic since the first case was identified in Chennai, Tamil Nadu in 1986. Since then, the number of HIV-infected persons has increased to an estimated 5.134 million, second only to South Africa. The overall adult prevalence rate is estimated at 0.9 percent. However, 111 of the 600 districts in India have prevalence rates greater than 1 percent in antenatal clinics, up from 49 in 2003. Most of these districts are concentrated in the states of Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, and Mizoram -- with a combined population of approximately 300 million. The epidemic in India is considered to be a concentrated epidemic and the GOI estimated in 2003 that there are 1.63 million infections among high-risk groups, including 1.5 million in persons with sexually transmitted infections (STI); 71,000 in female prostitutes, and 10,300 in injecting drug users (IDUs). Sexual transmission accounts for over 85% of HIV infections in India, especially in the south and west. Sex with prostitutes is an important driver of the epidemic, and in the North East, the epidemic is fueled by intravenous drug use. The extent to which the behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM) contributes to the epidemic is not known. An increasing number of individuals who are perceived as low risk are becoming infected, especially women and youth. The ratio of infected women to infected men is increasing: the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) estimates that 40 percent of new infections in 2004 were in women. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | INDIA | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | POLICYMAKERS | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | FOREIGN AID | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | ABSTINENCE, BE FAITHFUL, CONDOM USE | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANNING | HIV TESTING | TUBERCULOSIS | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Programs | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Behavior Change | Communication Programs | Communication | Social Planning | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Infections | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control Document Number: 306764 |
| 23. Title: Global reproductive health: lessons learned from contraceptive logistics. Author: United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Source: Atlanta, Georgia, CDC, 2006 Mar 21. 9 p. Abstract: In a well-run logistics system, contraceptive supplies are always available and in good condition. Clients never complain that contraceptives are damaged, expired, or not in stock. Staff members are not unhappy because they cannot do their jobs properly for lack of contraceptive supplies. There is no hoarding or rationing of contraceptives or submitting inaccurate reports in order to get more supplies. Contraceptives are available for all who need them when they need them. All appears calm. But an outside observer would hardly be able to guess at all the activity behind the scenes. In a well-run system stocks of every contraceptive product are frequently checked to make sure they never fall below the minimum quantity needed or exceed the maximum desired quantity; accurate reports of the numbers of contraceptives given to family planning users are turned in on time; appropriate quantities of contraceptive supplies are ordered at the right times; supplies are delivered on schedule; - and, most importantly- family planning clients always find all the contraceptives they need when they need them. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | GLOBAL | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | CDC | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | LOGISTICS | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | MANAGEMENT | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Organization and Administration | USPHS | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs Document Number: 311715 |
| 24. Title: HIV / AIDS Palliative Care Guidance #1 for the United States Government in-country staff and implementing partners. An overview of comprehensive HIV / AIDS care services in the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Final. Author: United States. Department of State. Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator Source: [Washington, D.C.], United States Department of State, Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator, 2006 Feb 3. 17 p. (HIV / AIDS Palliative Care Guidance No. 1USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No: PC-AAB-412) Abstract: Comprehensive palliative care is essential to the health and well-being of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and is an integral part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (the Emergency Plan). Palliative care has traditionally been associated with terminal or end-of-life care. However, current thought and practice and Emergency Plan policy take the broader view that palliative care encompasses care provided from the time that HIV is diagnosed and throughout the continuum of HIV infection. The Emergency Plan envisions a comprehensive, holistic, interdisciplinary approach to HIV care. It recognizes that different types and intensity of comprehensive palliative care interventions are needed, depending upon the stage and progression of disease and the needs of the individual and family. This document provides initial guidance on the development HIV/AIDS palliative care programs, including definitions and activities be funded under the Emergency Plan. Guidance on many issues will evolve as new information and experience emerge from the field. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | ANALGESIA | PAIN | AIDS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | HOME CARE | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Health | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Behavior | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Care and Support | Primary Health Care Document Number: 306106 |
| 25. Title: The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Report on work force capacity and HIV / AIDS. Author: United States. Department of State. Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator Source: Washington, D.C., United States Department of State, Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator, 2006 Jul. 16 p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PC-AAB-510) Abstract: An estimated 38.6 million people worldwide were living with HIV/AIDS as of the end of 2005. Over 25 million of them live in resource-poor areas -- areas with weak and understaffed health systems. HIV/AIDS places a growing strain on already stressed health care systems and workers in these countries. The challenge of this disease is compounded by the struggle to acquire the capacity, knowledge, and skills to deliver prevention, treatment, and care to all those infected with and affected by HIV/AIDS. The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (Emergency Plan/PEPFAR) is committed to supporting the prevention of seven million new infections, treatment for two million people living with HIV, and care for ten million people. Strengthening the health systems and human resources of host governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to reach these goals is a fundamental component of the Emergency Plan strategy. This strategy includes activities to support local capacity building and human resources development for long-term sustainability. The fight against HIV/AIDS must be sustained and won at the community and national levels. A goal of the Emergency Plan is to ensure a comprehensive and amplified response to global HIV/AIDS through leadership, engagement and coordination with multilateral institutions and international organizations. The support of international partners is of vital importance. Multilateral partners such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria must ensure that their support helps communities develop their own human resources and organizational capacity to create and sustain their leadership in the fight. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | SUMMARY REPORT | EVALUATION | HEALTH PERSONNEL | LABOR FORCE | HUMAN RESOURCES | CAPACITY BUILDING | HIV PREVENTION | LEGISLATION | COORDINATION | FOREIGN AID | FUNDS | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities Document Number: 314875 |
| 26. Title: U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Critical interventions: tuberculosis and HIV / AIDS. Author: United States. Department of State. Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator Source: Washington, D.C., Department of State, Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator, [2006]. [2] p. Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) - an airborne disease - is the leading cause of death among people who are HIV-positive. Approximately one-third of the nearly 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS are also infected with TB. In areas such as sub-Saharan Africa, up to half of AIDS-related deaths are caused by TB. Of those people living with HIV/AIDS with latent TB infection, approximately 10 percent per year develop active TB. It is vital to treat people with TB to prevent illness and death, as well as to prevent the spread of TB to others. The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (Emergency Plan/PEPFAR) supports national TB and HIV/AIDS programs that integrate HIV prevention, treatment and care activities into TB services, including support for TB care and treatment. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | PROGRESS REPORT | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | TREATMENT | TUBERCULOSIS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | FOREIGN AID | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Infections | Programs | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 309448 |
| 27. Title: The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Fiscal year 2006: operational plan. April 2006 update. Author: United States. Department of State. Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator Source: Washington, D.C., United States Department of State, Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator, 2006 Apr. 185 p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PC-AAB-512) Abstract: This April FY 2006 Operational Plan serves as the second Operational Plan for FY 2006. It follows "The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief -- U.S. Five-Year Global HIV/AIDS Strategy" seeking to have an immediate impact on people and strengthen the capacity of governments and NGOs to expand programs quickly over the next several years. With FY 2006 funding, the Emergency Plan will support care and support services for 4,300,000 individuals infected and affected by HIV/AIDS including orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), and will support antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 860,000 individuals. Section III of this document provides information on each country's contribution to the total number of individuals to be receiving care and support and antiretroviral therapy using FY 2006 funding. The FY 2006 budget for the Emergency Plan is $3.288 billion. This FY 2006 Operational Plan describes the planned uses of $2.381 billion of Emergency Plan funding (see Table 2) to expand integrated care, treatment and prevention programs in fifteen Focus Countries; to finance central programs that help Focus Countries achieve their goals; to provide U.S. Government (USG) contributions to International Partnerships, including UNAIDS and GFATM; to fund technical oversight and management, and to develop and maintain the Emergency Plan's strategic information and evaluation systems. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | POLICYMAKERS | HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANNING | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | FOREIGN AID | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | EXPENDITURES | PROGRAMS | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Social Planning | Economic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Financial Activities | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 314876 |
| 28. Title: The United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Report on food and nutrition for people living with HIV / AIDS. Author: United States. Department of State. Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator Source: Washington, D.C., United States Department of State, Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator, 2006 May. 25 p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PC-AAB-509) Abstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nutritional support is an integral part of a comprehensive response to HIV/AIDS. There is evidence that nutrient intake can improve antiretroviral absorption and tolerance. Receiving appropriate nutrition can help improve the health and quality of life of HIV-infected individuals. Individuals who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) with appropriate nutrition are more likely to regain weight and more likely to adhere to their medications, thus helping them rejoin the work force and improve food security for themselves and their families. This document presents a U.S. Government (USG)- wide approach for addressing food and nutrition needs of PLWHA receiving treatment and care. Recognizing that this is too large and complex a problem for any one agency to handle on its own, the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC) is partnering with other U.S. government agencies, including the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the U.S. Department of Agriculture(USDA), the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and the Peace Corps, as well as relevant UN agencies and the private sector, to leverage resources to carry out supplementary feeding, micronutrient supplementation, and food security and livelihood support. Through partnerships, PEPFAR addresses the needs of HIV-affected communities, especially affected families and caregivers of PLWHA. Furthermore, PEPFAR are strengthens coordination at the country level in order to facilitate the implementation of these programs and to improve monitoring and evaluation. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | SUMMARY REPORT | EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | POLICYMAKERS | NUTRITION | DIET | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS PREVENTION | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | FOOD SUPPLY | FOREIGN AID | COORDINATION | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Health | AIDS | HIV | Natural Resources | Environment | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 314874 |
| 29. Title: Global health. Spending requirement presents challenges for allocating prevention funding under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Report to Congressional committees. Author: United States. Government Accountability Office [GAO] Source: Washington, D.C., GAO, 2006 Apr. 87 p. (GAO-06-395USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No: PC-AAB-407) Abstract: In fiscal years 2004-2006, the PEPFAR prevention budget increased by almost 55 percent, from $207 million to $322 million. During this time, the prevention share of the total PEPFAR budget fell from 33 to 20 percent, consistent with the Leadership Act's recommendation that 20 percent of funds appropriated pursuant to the act should support prevention. The PEPFAR strategy for preventing sexual transmission of HIV is largely shaped by the ABC model and the abstinence-until-marriage spending requirement. In addition to adopting the ABC model, OGAC developed guidance for applying it--stating, for instance, that prevention interventions should be integrated and respond to local epidemiology and cultural norms. OGAC also established policies for applying the spending requirement for fiscal year 2006. To meet the 33 percent spending requirement, it mandated that country teams--PEPFAR officials in the field--spend half of prevention funds on sexual transmission prevention and two-thirds of those funds on abstinence/faithfulness (AB) activities. At the same time, OGAC permitted certain teams, especially those with relatively small budgets, to seek waivers from this policy to help them respond to local prevention needs. OGAC also applied the spending requirement to all PEPFAR prevention funding as a matter of policy, although it determined that, as a matter of law, it applies only to funds appropriated to the Global HIV/AIDS Initiative account. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | RESOURCE ALLOCATION | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | LEGISLATION | FOREIGN AID | ABSTINENCE, BE FAITHFUL, CONDOM USE | EXPENDITURES | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior Document Number: 306104 |
| 30. Title: Zambia HIV / AIDS Service Provision Assessment Survey 2005. Author: Zambia. Ministry of Health; Zambia. Central Statistical Office; ORC Macro Source: Lusaka, Zambia, Ministry of Health, 2006 Jul. [230] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-C-00-03-00002-00) Abstract: Zambia is a landlocked country located in southern Africa. The country is bordered by Angola in the west; Botswana and Zimbabwe in the south; the Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania in the north; Malawi and Mozambique in the east; and Namibia in the southwest. Zambia covers an area of 752,612 square kilometers, which is divided into nine provinces and 72 districts. Zambia has an estimated population of about 11 million people and is one of the most urbanized countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with approximately 40 percent of its population living in urban areas, mostly in Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces. Zambia has a mixed economy consisting of an urban modern sector and a rural agricultural sector. Zambia inherited a strong mining-based economy after independence in 1964, which deteriorated in the mid-1970s following a sharp decline in copper prices, compounded by the global oil crisis. The country's attempt to diversify its economy to minimize dependency on copper exports did not achieve the desired results. The Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP) implemented in the 1980s failed to substantially revitalize the country's economy. Zambia is one of the poorest countries in Africa and the world, ranking 166 out of 177 in the Human Development Index according to the 2005 Human Development Report. According to the Human Development Report, 64 percent of the population is living in absolute poverty (less than US$1 per day), and 73 percent is living under the national poverty line. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | PROGRESS REPORT | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | BASELINE SURVEYS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | CAPACITY BUILDING | HEALTH FACILITIES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | HIV TESTING | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | CLINIC ACTIVITIES | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Health | HIV Infections | |