1.  Title: Malawi. Laboratory services and supply chain assessment. Author: Butao D; Felling B; Msipa P Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2009 Feb. [95] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Abstract: In January and February 2009, the Ministry of Health (MOH), with technical assistance from the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 1, conducted an assessment of laboratory services and the management of the supply chain for laboratory commodities and equipment in government and Christian Health Association of Malawi (CHAM) health facilities in Malawi. The assessment’s overall objective was to provide the MOH with information on the current status of laboratory services and the supporting supply chain that could be used to develop the Five-Year Strategic Laboratory Plan. During the assessment, a quantitative baseline was established on which to measure future improvements to laboratory services and the supporting supply chain. This report presents the methodology and findings of the assessment, as well as recommendations to improve the supply chain to support laboratory services in Malawi. Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | EVALUATION REPORT | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | USAID | LABORATORY | LOGISTICS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | QUALITY CONTROL | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | TRANSPORTATION | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Organization and Administration | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Economic Factors Document Number: 331662 |
| 2. Title: Guatemala: Using supply chain modeling and simulation to analyze the Ministry of Health supply chain. Author: Gibney J; Sanchez A; Lamadrid C Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2009 Mar. 38 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Abstract: This activity analyzed the characteristics of the integrated logistics system in three departments in Guatemala: Sololá, Totonicapán, and Jutiapa. This paper identifies some of the obstacles to achieving contraceptive availability for the underserved and vulnerable populations; it also offers options for improving equity in access for family planning commodities. The study identifies elements in the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare’s (MSPAS) logistics system that could impede the availability and accessibility of contraceptives. By using supply chain simulation and optimization modeling software, with geographic information system tools, the authors propose system-related solutions that could improve the performance of the overall MSPAS. Language: English Keywords: GUATEMALA | RECOMMENDATIONS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | LOGISTICS | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | OBSTACLES | NEEDS | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | GEOGRAPHY | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | TRANSPORTATION | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Programs | Contraception | Family Planning | Economic Factors | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Social Sciences | Science | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information Document Number: 331663 |
3.  Title: National AIDS Commissions in Africa: Performance and emerging challenges. Author: Morah E; Ihalainen M Source: Development Policy Review. 2009 Mar;27(2):185-214. Abstract: This article consolidates and expands on evidence on how National AIDS Commissions (NACs) in sub-Saharan Africa are measuring up to expectations that drove their rapid adoption across the continent. While their overall performance seems reasonably good, most NACs still lack adequate power and incentive structures to hold line ministries accountable, a key requirement for co-ordinating activities and mainstreaming HIV-AIDS across the public sector. Second-generation African NACs urgently need the authority and institutional stature to effectively co-ordinate the channelling of the larger funds now available through government bureaucracy. The evolution of the epidemic also imposes requirements different from those when the current NAC architecture was crafted. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | POLICYMAKERS | INCENTIVES | COORDINATION | HIV PREVENTION | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | INSTITUTION BUILDING | CAPACITY BUILDING | RESOURCE ALLOCATION | Africa | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Policy | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs Document Number: 341093 |
| 4. Title: Decentralizing Kenya's health management system: an evaluation. January 2009. Based on further analysis of the 2004 Kenya Service Provision Assessment Survey. Author: Ndavi PM; Ogola S; Kizito PM; Johnson K Source: Calverton, Maryland, Macro International, MEASURE DHS, 2009 Jan. [37] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-C-00-03-00002-00Kenya Working Papers No. 1) Abstract: Kenya's Ministry of Health (MOH) commitment to address the inherent constraints in the health sector has included deliberate decentralization efforts aimed at strengthening the effective implementation of activities at the district level, and fostering closer coordination and collaboration amongst the line ministries, donors, organizations, and other stakeholders. Among these efforts, local District Health Management Boards (DHMBs) and District Health Management Teams (DHMTs) gradually assumed responsibilities for the operation of the facilities under their jurisdiction through a single line grant, annual work plans, and procurement plans. To assess the current effectiveness of the district health management systems in meeting their responsibilities, we analyze data from a special District Health Management module of the 2004 Kenya Service Provision Assessment Survey to discern the degree to which the DHMTs and DHMBs meet norms and standards in the areas of governance and management, human resource development and management, commodity management, infrastructure development, health care financing, budgeting and management, and performance monitoring. Notably, data on DHMTs and DHMBs were missing for 20 percent of the districts. This level of nonresponse has the potential to weaken the validity of the findings, particularly when the excluded DHMTs are in provinces with some of the worst health indicators in the country. Their exclusion was due to difficult terrain and insecure environment, both of which imply that the right of the population to health care services is compromised. The results of this descriptive analysis indicate that although most of the DHMTs hold meetings frequently, the unavailability of the guidelines on the functioning of the DHMTs made it difficult to determine compliance of DHMTs with any existing norms and standards. The survey missed the opportunity to assess the activities and achievements of the HFMCs and HCMTs, which are important for decentralization. Although most of the DHMTs had documented plans for improving reproductive health, less than a quarter reported implementing their plans on time. Lack of funds and transport were the most cited reasons for failure by DHMTs to meet their supervision targets despite the near universal existence of documented supervision plans. In terms of support of human resources, continuing professional development is an accepted norm in the districts, but there is urgent need to strengthen and expand the scope of updates to serving staff through the establishment of district health training committees and regular monitoring of their activities. An assessment of available infrastructure indicated that repair and maintenance units existed in most districts, with nearly all of the districts contracted with the provincial workshop for repair and maintenance work. Communication facilities between most district hospitals and close to three quarters of the health centers with referral facilities under government management had capacity to communicate easily by telephone or two-way radio with a referral facility to arrange transport during emergencies. The situation was much better for NGO/mission-run facilities. Regarding financing issues, despite existence of both recurrent and development funds, funding for medicines, equipment, and maintaining buildings was inadequate for most districts. Sources for funding for district health services included central government funding supplemented by local government, revolving funds, and other sources. Increased annual budgetary allocations to the agreed 15 percent to ministries of health, in agreement with the Abuja accord, may increase financial resources required for medicines, equipment, and maintenance of buildings. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | RESEARCH REPORT | HEALTH SURVEYS | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | POLICYMAKERS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | DECENTRALIZATION | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | MONITORING | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Health | Organization and Administration | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Evaluation | Management | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 329888 |
| 5. Title: Mexico City Policy and assistance for voluntary population planning [memorandum] Author: Obama BH Source: Washington, D.C., White House, 2009 Jan 23. [2] p. Abstract: Memorandum for the Secretary of State and the administrator of the United States Agency for International Development with appended statement of President Barack Obama on rescinding the Mexico City policy, including the following: "It is clear that the provisions of the Mexico City Policy are unnecessarily broad and unwarranted under current law, and for the past eight years, they have undermined efforts to promote safe and effective voluntary family planning in developing countries. For these reasons, it is right for us to rescind this policy and restore critical efforts to protect and empower women and promote global economic development.", The White House, Office of the Press Secretary (23 Jan 2009). White House press statement appended 31 Mar 2009. (Excerpts) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | ABORTION LAW | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | FOREIGN AID | USAID | GRANTS | STANDARDS | POPULATION POLICY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Social Policy | Policy | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Research Methodology Document Number: 331358 Notification |
| 6. Title: A grave delay for South Africa's mothers and infants [editorial] Source: Lancet. 2008 Feb 2;371(9610):360. Abstract: On Jan 25, South Africa's National Health Council finally adopted new guidelines for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, following increasing pressure from AIDS activists and clinicians. This positive move is long overdue. In 2006, WHO recommended switching from a one-off single dose of nevirapine to more effective dual antiretroviral prophylaxis beginning in the third trimester of pregnancy. Botswana and South Africa's Western Cape province have seen declines in paediatric HIV since rolling-out the new recommendations. But health workers in the rest of South Africa were left waiting for the health ministry to publish and disseminate the new guidelines. When the South African National AIDS Council last met on Nov 29, 2007, it said that the new protocol would be announced within 2 weeks. But nothing followed. AIDS activists have pointed the blame for the delay at the health ministry's leader-Manto Tshabalala-Msimang-infamous for her unscientific promotion of garlic and beetroot for HIV treatment. Rumours have been circulating that she allegedly failed to sign the necessary documents to implement the changes. A ministry official has denied the accusations, telling local news media that costing the new regimen was the reason behind the hold-up. Either way, South Africa's doctors and HIV-positive pregnant mothers have had to wait for the health ministry to get its act together and children have been infected unnecessarily as a result. South Africa is a middle-income country with a high rate of antenatal attendance and health-facility births but where around 60 000 infants are infected with HIV each year. Tshabalala-Msimang's failure to quickly deliver a relatively simple, evidence-based policy change in this setting demonstrates her inability to effectively deal with South Africa's health challenges. Personnel changes are clearly needed at the health ministry following this grave delay for mothers and infants, starting with the removal of Tshabalala-Msimang. (full text) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | MOTHERS | INFANT | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | HIV PREVENTION | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Organizations | Political Factors | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | HIV | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 324318 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Political insanity. Mad leadership [editorial] Source: South African Medical Journal. 2008 Jul;98(7):489. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | IMMIGRANTS | MEDICINAL PLANTS | AIDS PREVENTION | POLITICAL FACTORS | VITAMINS AND MINERALS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | VIOLENCE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | HIV | Social Problems | Behavior Document Number: 328512 |
| 8. Title: A multi-tiered approach to meeting family planning needs of the poor in Peru. Author: Constella Futures. Health Policy Initiative Source: Washington, D.C., Health Policy Initiative, Futures Group International, 2008 Apr. 4 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00) Abstract: More than half of Peru's population lives in poverty, with significant disparities evident between urban and rural areas and between indigenous and non-indigenous populations. Disparities in access to health services among income groups, and ethnic groups are found in family planning (FP) use as well. The USAID | Health Policy Initiative identified barriers that restrict poor women's access to and use of FP services, and then designed interventions to address barriers related to existing financing mechanisms. This brief summarizes a full report on the approach applied in Peru. Language: English Keywords: PERU | EVALUATION REPORT | EVALUATION | LOW INCOME POPULATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | HEALTH INSURANCE | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy Document Number: 308946 |
| 9. Title: AWARENESS Project. Introducing the Standard Days Method into public sector services in Peru. Author: Georgetown University. Institute for Reproductive Health. AWARENESS Project Source: Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, 2008 Feb. [24] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00011-00) Abstract: After seeing the yet-unpublished results of the Standard Days Method® (SDM) efficacy trial, Peruvian Ministry of Health (MOH) decision-makers expressed interest in adding the method to their regular family planning (FP) services. A three-year pilot introduction project was carried out, designed to develop and test a service delivery model appropriate for the local context and for replication elsewhere in the country. A study component was superimposed on the pilot project to answer key questions the MOH had regarding the SDM's performance in non-study circumstances: 1) if there would be enough demand for the method, 2) whether the SDM would siphon clients from other methods, 3) if pregnancy rates would be in the range of those seen in the efficacy trial, and 4) whether offering and providing the SDM would represent an excessive burden to FP providers. The SDM was offered and provided to clients at MOH facilities in the Department of San Martín, initially in two provinces, then expanded to most of the department. A cross sectional survey of SDM clients was conducted 18 months after the method became available. Some 1200 women were contacted and interviewed (of 1254 reported as SDM users at the time the interviews were conducted). On average, they had received counseling in the SDM 10 months before. Although the project had initially been planned for two years, at the request of the local MOH, it was extended for another 12 months. At the end of the project SDM services were available at over 300 facilities throughout the department, offered by over 700 trained providers (most of whom were trained by the MOH using their own personnel and resources). (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PERU | EVALUATION REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | FERTILITY AWARENESS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Studies | Research Methodology | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Health | Health Services | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Education Document Number: 327644 |
| 10. Title: Integrating the Standard Days Method into Ranchi district, Jharkhand: Key findings from household surveys. Author: Georgetown University. Institute for Reproductive Health. AWARENESS Project Source: Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, 2008 Feb. [71] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00011-00) Abstract: The Standard Days Method® (SDM) is a fertility awareness-based method developed and tested by the Institute for Reproductive Health at Georgetown University (IRH). The SDM was integrated into family planning programs in two blocks of Ranchi District in Jharkhand as part of a study of the effect SDM integration has on the quality and use of family planning services. This study was conducted by Krishi Gram Vikas Kendra (KGVK) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOH/FW) of Jharkhand, with technical assistance from CEDPA and IRH. Before incorporating the SDM into family planning programs in Ranchi, a baseline survey was conducted in three blocks (Kanke, Ormanjhi and Burmu). The Burmu block served as the control area and did not include SDM integration, while the SDM was introduced in the Kanke block and scaled up in Ormanjhi. Approximately two years after the baseline survey, an endline survey was conducted to assess the impact of SDM integration. Both the baseline and endline surveys used two-stage sampling. In the first stage, villages were selected from each block and then a selection of households from these villages was chosen. All villages included in the baseline survey were also included in the endline survey.. In total, 44, 49 and 68 villages (including hamlets) were selected from Burmu, Ormanjhi and Kanke blocks, respectively. Systematic random sampling was used to determine the required number of households (from the list of all existing households) included from each of the selected villages. In each of the three blocks, 600 women were selected randomly for the sample. Respondents were currently married women between 15-49 years of age. Two approaches were utilized to study the effect of including the SDM in family planning programs. The first approach assessed the effect (via endline survey results) in experimental blocks (Ormanjhi and Kanke) compared to the control block (Burmu). The second compared the key findings at endline with those of the baseline survey. This summary primarily describes the results from the endline survey; however, statistically significant differences between the baseline and endline surveys are mentioned. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | EVALUATION REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | SURVEYS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | FERTILITY AWARENESS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Studies | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Health | Health Services | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Education Document Number: 327649 |
| 11. Title: Human relations: building leadership in southern Sudan's health sector. Author: IntraHealth International. Capacity Project Source: Voices. 2008 Oct;(24):2 p. Abstract: This article presents the personal story of a manager in the Ministry of Health who benefited from the Project's leadership development training and went in to train key managers in the health sector. Language: English Keywords: SUDAN | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | TRAINERS | LEADERSHIP | HEALTH SERVICES | CAPACITY BUILDING | MANAGEMENT | HUMAN RESOURCES | TRAINING OF TRAINERS | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Training Programs | Education | Program Sustainability | Programs | Economic Factors Document Number: 328334 |
| 12. Title: A strong supply chain responds to increased demand for contraceptives in Rwanda. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2008. 4 p. (USAID Deliver Project, Task Order 1) Abstract: Contraceptive security is achieved when individuals have the ability to choose, obtain, and use quality contraceptives whenever they need them. The success story, "A Strong Supply Chain Responds to Increased Demand for Contraceptives in Rwanda," highlights how, during the last 10 years, the many changes made by the Rwandan Ministry of Health and its partners (including the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT) led to an increased demand for family planning at the local level. As a result, Rwanda made impressive gains in its contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR)-a sevenfold increase in the use of modern methods-from 4 percent in 2000, post-conflict, to 27 percent in 2008. Language: English Keywords: RWANDA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | LOGISTICS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | POLITICAL FACTORS | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Organization and Administration | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Contraception | Family Planning | Family Planning Programs Document Number: 329564 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Dangerous medicines: Unproven AIDS cures and counterfeit antiretroviral drugs. Author: Amon JJ Source: Globalization and Health. 2008 Feb 27;4:5. Abstract: Increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a critical goal endorsed by the United Nations and all of its member states. At the same time, anecdotal accounts suggest that the promotion of unproven AIDS 'cures' and remedies are widespread, and in the case of The Gambia, Iran and South Africa, have been promoted by governments directly. Although a range of legislative and regulatory measures have been adopted by some governments, and technical assistance has been provided by international agencies to address counterfeit medicines generally, the threat of counterfeit antiretroviral drugs is not being addressed. Countries, charged with fulfilling the right to health and committed to expanding access to ART must explicitly recognize their obligation to combat unproven AIDS treatments and ensure the availability of a safe and efficacious drugs supply. International donors must help support and coordinate these efforts. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GAMBIA | IRAN | SOUTH AFRICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | POLICYMAKERS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | AIDS PREVENTION | CRIME | MARKETING | LEGISLATION | HEALTH POLICY | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Middle East | Africa, Southern | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Organizations | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | AIDS | Social Problems | Economic Factors | Policy Document Number: 324957 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Policies around sexual and reproductive health and rights in Peru: Conflict, biases and silence. Author: Caceres C; Cueto M; Palomino N Source: Global Public Health. 2008;3(S2):39-57. Abstract: This study is aimed at examining how subsequent Peruvian governments, since 1990, have addressed reproductive rights, HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, and sexual diversity rights, as well as the drastic policy shifts and its many contradictions. Abortion and contraception consistently generated the deepest public controversies and debates, which made progress in reproductive rights difficult. HIV/AIDS was often portrayed as having the potential to affect everyone, which allowed advocates and activists to achieve some success in advancing HIV/AIDS-related rights. Sexual diversity rights, perceived as a demand made by "others", were generally trivialised and disdained by politicians, officials, and the general population. Positive changes occurred as long as the issue was given a low political and institutional profile. The analysis of policy-making and programme implementation in these three areas reveals that: (1) Weaknesses in national institutional frameworks concerning reproductive health made it possible for governments to adopt two very different (even contradictory) approaches to the issue within the past 15 years; (2) Policies were presented as rights-based in order to garner political legitimacy when, in fact, they evidenced a clear disregard for the rights of individual citizens; and (3) By favouring low-profile "public health" discourses, and marginalising "the sexual" in official policies related to sexuality, advocacy groups sometimes created opportunities for legal changes but failed to challenge conservative powers opposing the recognition of sexual and reproductive rights and the full citizenship of women and sexual minorities. (author's) Language: English Keywords: PERU | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | HIV INFECTIONS | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | POLITICAL SYSTEMS | ADVOCACY | BIAS | PUBLIC OPINION | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Health | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Organizations | Communication | Error Sources | Measurement | Research Methodology | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 327684 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Anti-human-trafficking law sparks debate in India. Author: Chatterjee P Source: Lancet. 2008 Mar 22;371(9617):975-976. Abstract: In an attempt to curb human trafficking, part of India's Government wants to make buying sex illegal. But public-health experts are worried that such a move would drive sex work underground and hamper efforts to control HIV/AIDS in the country. Last year, New Delhi's decision to introduce sex education in India's schools, aimed primarily at creating awareness about HIV/AIDS, evoked strident protests from many quarters. Many Indian states rejected the sex-education programmes supported by the federal government. In Kerala, India's most literate state, student organisations and church leaders argued that the proposed module would lead to "sexual anarchy". Now there is another tricky issue on the horizon for the Indian Government. Two federal ministries do not agree about proposed legal changes that would make buying sex a criminal offence. To try to curb human trafficking, the ministry for women and child development wants legislation on prostitution to change so that clients of sex workers, but notsex workers themselves, are punished. It also wants the punishment of human traffickers to be more severe. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | CRITIQUE | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | SEX WORKERS | HUMAN TRAFFICKING | CRIME | LEGISLATION | HIV PREVENTION | PUBLIC HEALTH | PREVALENCE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Social Problems | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health | Measurement | Research Methodology Document Number: 325556 |
| 16. Title: Bangladesh: Government of Bangladesh Contraceptive Procurement Bottleneck Study. Full report. Author: Dickens T Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2008 Aug. 81 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Abstract: In August 2008, Todd Dickens (PATH), with assistance from the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 1, conducted a review of the IDA-funded procurement of health care commodities under the Health, Nutrition, and Population Sector Program in Bangladesh. The study’s overall objective was to identify bottlenecks and problems that have lead to recent stockouts of contraceptives, and recommend possible actions that the Government of Bangladesh, USAID and development partners can take to address these problems that will improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the procurement process and support contraceptive security in Bangladesh. Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | EVALUATION REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | WORLD BANK | LOGISTICS | CONTRACEPTIVE SECURITY | OBSTACLES | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | DECISION MAKING | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Evaluation | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Organization and Administration | Contraceptive Availability | Contraception | Family Planning | Programs | Behavior | Economic Factors Document Number: 331672 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: Do mission hospitals have a role in achieving Millennium Development Goal 5? Averting maternal death and disability. Author: Gill Z; Carlough M Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008 Aug;102(2):198-102. Abstract: It is unlikely that some low-income countries will achieve Millennium Development Goal 5 (MDG5) unless governments find new approaches. One possibility is through government partnerships with mission hospitals and other faith-based organizations (FBOs), but this would require overcoming historic reservations. Methods: We review the limited literature on mission hospitals and other FBO health services providing maternity care. Conclusion: The management and the clinical care provided by FBOs are often of higher quality than that provided by government hospitals. Mission hospitals have several advantages including more resources (especially foreign exchange), greater access to expatriate staff especially for training, and more flexibility in hiring and managing staff and in procuring and managing medicines and supplies. Recommendation: Increased collaboration between governments and mission hospitals, particularly in underserved and rural areas, could improve availability and quality of obstetric services enough to meet MDG5 targets. Delegating responsibilities to mission hospitals, exchanging information, and collaboration in projects and training could accelerate progress toward MDG5. Bilateral and multilateral funding institutions and International NGOs should encourage more effective partnerships between governments and FBOs. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | AFRICA | ASIA, SOUTHERN | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | LITERATURE REVIEW | HOSPITALS | FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATION | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | COORDINATION | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | RECOMMENDATIONS | Asia | Health Facilities | Health | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Organization and Administration | Programs Document Number: 327688 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: District-based malaria epidemic early warning systems in East Africa: perceptions of acceptability and usefulness among key staff at health facility, district and central levels. Author: Jones C; Abeku TA; Rapuoda B; Okia M; Cox J Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2008 Jul;67(2):292-300. Abstract: Malaria epidemics represent a significant public health problem in the highlands of Africa. Many of these epidemics occur in low resource settings, where the development of an effective system for malaria surveillance has been a key challenge. Between 2001 and 2006, the Highland Malaria Project (HIMAL) established a programme to develop and test a district-based surveillance system for the early detection and control of malaria epidemics in four pilot districts in Kenya and Uganda. An innovative feature of the programme was the devolution of responsibility for the detection of epidemics from the central Ministry of Health to District Health Management Teams. The implementation of the programme offered the opportunity to test both the technical aspects of the system and to examine the practical issues relating to the operation of the programme in the context of the existing health system. To investigate the attitude of key staff towards the programme, and their perceptions of its impact on their working practices, interviews were carried out among 52 health staff at district level and in the Ministries of Health in Kenya and Uganda. The transfer of responsibility for the early detection of epidemics to the districts had resulted in perceptions of individual empowerment among district-based staff. This, together with improved support supervision, was a key factor in sustaining motivation and improved surveillance. The enhanced support supervision also produced capacity benefits that extended beyond improved malaria surveillance. However, these improvements occurred in the context of increased logistical support (the provision of transport, fuel and travel allowances) which the participants believed was essential to the functioning of an effective system. With this proviso, the district-based malaria early warning system was perceived to be manageable, effective and sustainable in the context of the current health system. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | UGANDA | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | KAP SURVEYS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | MALARIA PREVENTION | EPIDEMICS | EPIDEMIOLOGY | DECENTRALIZATION | ATTITUDES | CAPACITY BUILDING | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Public Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 328859 |
| 19. Title: The federal government and academic texts as barriers to informed consent. Author: Lanfranchi A Source: Issues In Law and Medicine. 2008 Summer;24(1):61-9. Abstract: Informed patient consent for medical treatment is required by both law and medical ethics. Yet, both federal agencies and academicians are participating in the suppression of information about the heightened risk of breast cancer posed by oral contraceptives and induced abortion. There is historical precedent in the long-delayed acknowledgement of the smoking/lung cancer link. By law, a patient has the right to be fully informed of the nature of her medical condition and any proposed course of therapy. It is assumed that a patient will be given the complete and true scientific basis of her diagnosis and treatment, to ensure that her well-being and her autonomy in decision-making are protected. Informed consent is the process by which a patient can participate in choices about medical treatment. It originates from the legal and ethical right of the patient to direct what is done to her body, and from the ethical duty of the physician to involve the patient in her medical care. Our federal government has become a barrier to informed consent concerning oral contraceptive drugs and induced abortion. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW JERSEY | ETHICS | CLIENTS | INFORMED CONSENT | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | DECISION MAKING | TREATMENT | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | DRUGS | ABORTION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sociocultural Factors | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Behavior | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | Organizations | Political Factors Document Number: 329036 Notification |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Delivering maternal health care services in an internal conflict setting in Maguidanao, Philippines. Author: Lee RB Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2008 May;16(31):65-74. Abstract: To improve access to maternal health care and family planning services in conflict-stricken Maguindanao province, southern Philippines, several non-governmental organisations have begun collaborating with local public health services. This exploratory study describes the experiences of local government service providers and two NGOs in a context of long-standing internal armed conflict, how and to what extent provision has been affected by the conflict and what has been done to overcome its effects. It is based on interviews with six health service coordinators and providers. Local government-NGO partnership takes the form of giving NGOs space in government health care facilities and receiving from them critical supplies, personnel and contraceptives. Service delivery structures have generally been spared from direct attacks by the parties involved locally in armed conflict due to the perceived benefits of their services, including for rebels and their families, their neutral stance and willingness to treat everyone. However, they do suffer from occasional disruption and kidnappings and need to seek protection from local leaders. When mass evacuation is required providers follow displaced families to evacuation points to ensure they continue to get services. Collaboration for maternal health care provision is recent, but the planned expansion of NGO projects will help it to evolve. (author's) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | RESEARCH REPORT | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | WAR | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | INTERVIEWS | COORDINATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Health | Family Planning | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Organization and Administration Document Number: 327191 |
| 21. Title: Contraceptive procurement in Peru: diversifying suppliers. Author: Lopez-Linares R Source: Washington, D.C., Constella Futures, Health Policy Initiative, 2008 Nov. [23] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00) Abstract: This report describes how the Government of Peru was successful in diversifying its procurement options and mechanisms for contraceptive commodities. It shows the progress made between 1999, when Peru began purchasing contraceptive supplies with public funds, and mid-2007, when important changes were made in procurement channels. Today, the Peruvian government procures contraceptives from multiple national and international suppliers and is able to negotiate for favorable prices and other terms. (Author's abstract) Language: English Keywords: PERU | CRITIQUE | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPORTATION | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | LOGISTICS | PRICES | UNFPA | Developing Countries | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Family Planning Program Administration | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Management | Commerce | Macroeconomic Factors | UN | International Agencies Document Number: 331424 |
| 22. Title: Nicaragua: Integrating logistics functions at the Ministry of Health: A case study -- assessing the effects of integration on supply chain performance and contraceptive security. Author: Olson N; Sanchez A; Quesada N Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2008 Aug. 91 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) This document is available in both English and Spanish and can be obtained directly from the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT at deliver.jsi.com. Abstract: In April 2008, the Ministry of Health (MOH), with technical assistance from the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 1, conducted an assessment of the impact of integrating the supply chain on supply chain performance and product availability in Nicaragua. This study assesses the effects of integrating the logistics system in five Ministry of Health (MINSA) regions by comparing supply chain performance and commodity availability among these five regions and several regions that still operate some logistics functions vertically. The quantitative analysis suggests that, in general, stockout rates were relatively low in both integrated and nonintegrated regions, especially on the day of the visit (less than four percent on average for all commodities inventoried at any type of facility on the day of the visit). The analysis determined that facilities at all levels in both integrated and nonintegrated regions are experiencing stockouts. The data collected for the study suggest that the integrated system itself did not necessarily cause higher stockout levels for certain products. Instead, it appears that some issues with system design (inventory control and buffer stocks), delays and stock availability issues at the central level, and some instability during the beginning of the transition to an integrated system may have translated into stockouts. Overall, this case study illustrates both challenges and successes related to the integration process and guaranteeing the availability of contraceptives and essential medicines in the integrated supply chain. Language: English Keywords: NICARAGUA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | LOGISTICS | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | DRUGS | CONTRACEPTIVE SECURITY | HEALTH FACILITIES | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | Developing Countries | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Organization and Administration | Programs | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraceptive Availability | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 331665 |
| 23. Title: NACO must clean up phony NGOs in India [letter] Author: Pace DG; Bagasra O Source: Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2008 Jul;128(1):87-8. Abstract: This correspondence discusses HIV/AIDS in India and the problem with some of the NGOs in the country. It explains that the World Bank and India’s National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) lashed out and dismissed nearly 350 NGOs in India for their corruptive spending of money intended for HIV/AIDS prevention. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | CRIME | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | HIV PREVENTION | WORLD BANK | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Problems | Economic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | International Agencies Document Number: 329158 |
| 24. Title: Provider refusal and access to reproductive health services: approaching a new balance. Author: Sonfield A Source: Guttmacher Policy Review. 2008 Spring;11(2):2-6. Abstract: In November 2007, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) put itself squarely in the middle of a simmering debate about health care providers' refusal to participate in sexual and reproductive health services. In an opinion entitled "The Limits of Conscientious Refusal in Reproductive Medicine," the college's committee on ethics asserted that a right to refuse does exist but must be balanced with other values and duties that physicians accept "by virtue of entering the profession of medicine." The opinion laid out four criteria for gauging this balance, namely, the degree to which refusal imposes the provider's beliefs on patients' autonomy, impacts patients' health and perception of well-being, is based on proper understanding of scientific evidence, and results, intentionally or not, in discrimination and inequality. Based on these criteria, the committee asserted that regardless of their religious or moral objections, health care professionals must provide all patients with accurate and unbiased information, prior notice of professionals' objections and timely referral in cases of refusal, and medically indicated care in an emergency. Moreover, the committee stated outright that "the patient's well-being must be paramount" and recommended that professionals with objections to specific services either practice near other providers who do not object or maintain a referral process that ensures patients' access to care. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | PHYSICIANS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CONSERVATISM | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | VALUE ORIENTATION | ETHICS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Religion | Social Problems Document Number: 323165 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: The next 5 years of global HIV / AIDS policy: Critical gaps and strategies for effective responses. Author: Szekeres G Source: AIDS. 2008;22 Suppl 2:S9-S17. Abstract: The University of California, Los Angeles Program in Global Health performed a landscape analysis based on interviews conducted between November 2006 and February 2007 with 35 key informants from major international organizations conducting HIV/AIDS work. Institutions represented included multilateral organizations, foundations, and governmental and non-governmental organizations. The purpose of this analysis is to assist major foundations and other institutions to understand better the international HIV/AIDS policy landscape and to formulate research and development programmes that can make a significant contribution to moving important issues forward in the HIV/AIDS policy arena. Topics identified during the interviews were organized around the four major themes of the Ford Foundation's Global HIV/AIDS Initiative: leadership and leadership development; equity; accountability; and global partnerships. Key informants focused on the need for a visionary response to the HIV pandemic, the need to maintain momentum, ways to improve the scope of leadership development programmes, ideas for improving gender equity and addressing regional disparities and the needs of vulnerable populations, recommendations for strengthening accountability mechanisms among governments, foundations, and civil society and on calling for increased collaboration and partnership among key players in the global HIV/AIDS response. (Author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | SURVEYS | HIV INFECTIONS | POLICY | ADVOCACY | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | INTERVIEWS | FOUNDATIONS | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | LEADERSHIP | GENDER ISSUES | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Technology | Economic Factors | Data Collection | Organizations | Organization and Administration Document Number: 327859 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Corruption and oil exploration: Expert agreement about the prevention of HIV / AIDS in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Author: Udoh IA; Stammen RM; Mantell JE Source: Health Education Research. 2008;23(4):670-681. Abstract: The Niger Delta, according to the Nigerian Ministry of Health, has a disproportionately high HIV infection rate, which is double the national average. The United Nations Development Program attributes the spiraling HIV infection rate in the region to poverty, migration and gender inequality. This paper examines two complementary suppositions: Is the high prevalence of HIV in the Niger Delta related to incompetent leadership and corruption? Is it related to the negative effects of oil exploration in the region? Currently, there is a dearth of research on the effectiveness of government programs or the role of the oil industry on the impact of AIDS in Nigeria. To address this gap, we conducted a survey with 27 internationally renowned experts from diverse disciplines using a three-round modified Delphi to formulate consensus about the impact of weak governance and oil corruption on AIDS in the Niger Delta. Results from the Delphi suggest that these factors and others have exacerbated the transmission of HIV in the region. To mitigate the impact of AIDS in the region, efforts to engage oil companies in implementing HIV prevention programs as part of their corporate environmental responsibility to the community are urgently needed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | PANEL DISCUSSION | SURVEYS | HIV PREVENTION | HIV INFECTIONS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | MILITARY PERSONNEL | OBSTACLES | ENERGY SUPPLY | COMMERCE | POLITICAL FACTORS | QUESTIONNAIRES | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Group Meeting | Communication | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Government | Natural Resources | Environment | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 327686 |
| 27. Title: Ethiopia's Health Extension Program: Pathfinder International's support 2003-2007. Author: Wilder J Source: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Pathfinder International, 2008 Feb. 7 p. Abstract: In 2003, the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) launched a new health care plan, the "Accelerated Expansion of Primary Health Care Coverage," through a comprehensive Health Extension Program (HEP). Recognizing the huge gap between need and health care services available, the FMOH has focused on "providing quality promotive, preventive, and selected curative health care services in an accessible and equitable manner to reach all segments of the population, with special attention to mothers and children. The policy places particular emphasis on establishing an effective and responsive health delivery system for those who live in rural areas." More than 84 percent of Ethiopians live in rural areas, many remote and difficult to access. The government recognized the need to develop health care delivery capacity, "designed to improve the health status of families, with their full participation, using local technologies and the community's skill and wisdom." The HEP draws on the same principles as Primary Health Care, but focuses on the improvement of prevention skills and behaviors within the household, and involves fewer facility-based services. Most of the activities listed in the National Health Sector Program (HSDP) Strategies are to be implemented through the HEP. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | HEALTH PERSONNEL | COMMUNITY WORKERS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | CAPACITY BUILDING | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | USAID | TRAINING PROGRAMS | HOME VISITS | CLINIC ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Services | Program Sustainability | Education | Communication | Program Activities Document Number: 325471 |
| 28. Title: Healthy Communities Support Initiative. Final program report, January 1, 2006 - December 31, 2006. Submitted to USAID/CAR/OHE. Author: Counterpart International. Healthy Communities Support Initiative Source: Washington, D.C., Counterpart International, [2007]. 19 p. (USAID Award No. 176-A-00-03-00004-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PD-ACJ-369) Abstract: In January 2006, Counterpart International received a one-year extension of the regional, five-country Health NGO Capacity Building Initiative (HNCBI) program successfully implemented in January 2003- December 2006. The HNCBI program empowered local NGOs and communities to identify and address priority health needs, build the capacity of NGOs and communities to mobilize their constituencies and build partnership with local governmental and non-governmental organizations. The program extension, named Healthy Communities Support Initiative (HCSI), was to be implemented in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan building upon the successes of its predecessor program. In Uzbekistan, Counterpart and USAID were presented with a unique opportunity to work in collaboration with the Uzbekistani government on improving citizens' health in three target oblasts through increased public awareness and capacity to address community defined health issues related to improvement of mother and child health. The extended programwas going to focus on building the capacity of community councils (mahallas) to address health needs of mahalla residents by means of community mobilization. The program was going to involve cooperation and partnership with the Ministry of Health (MOH) of Uzbekistan (Health 2 Project funded by the World Bank), the International Development Association and ZdravPlus II/Abt Associates to support mahalla initiatives that support USAID's SO. 3.2.: Increased access to quality primary health care in select populations. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UZBEKISTAN | TURKMENISTAN | EVALUATION REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | COMMUNITY | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | DISABLED PERSONS AND DISABILITIES | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | CAPACITY BUILDING | USAID | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | COMMUNITY RELATIONS | TRAINING PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Asia, Central | Asia | Evaluation | Research Methodology | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Social Change | Group Processes | Social Behavior | Behavior | Education Document Number: 323493 |
| 29. Title: Summary report of key findings and program recommendations from FHI MSM program evaluations (Bangladesh, Indonesia and Nepal). Author: Family Health International [FHI]. Asia Pacific Regional Office Source: [Bangkok, Thailand], FHI, Asia Pacific Regional Office, [2007]. 50 p. Abstract: Regional studies suggesting high HIV infection rates and widespread high risk behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM), coupled with limited policy and programming focus on the HIV prevention, care and treatment needs of MSM across the Asia and Pacific region, prompted Family Health International (FHI), with funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), to analyze the effectiveness of its MSM interventions in Bangladesh, Indonesia and Nepal and extract key findings and recommendations for future MSM programming. Following an outline of the key activities of the FHI-supported implementing agencies (IAs) in these three countries, evaluation of their impact through triangulation and interpretation of output, outcome and qualitative data, reveals that an overall positive program effect on knowledge, sexual risk behaviors and access to commodities and services was achieved through the variety of behavior change, advocacy, networking, community mobilization and capacity building interventions implemented. However, the quality and coverage of interventions was seen to differ from one site to the next and a clear need to promote a minimum package of priority interventions, and to improve organizational capacities and program monitoring was identified. Specific recommendations for improving the quality of the range of services provided (from drop-in centers and clinical services to peer education and outreach) were made and are detailed in chapter 6, "Synthesis of key findings and associated program recommendations". (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | INDONESIA | NEPAL | SUMMARY REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | KAP SURVEYS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | HIV PREVENTION | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | CAPACITY BUILDING | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Asia, Southeastern | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Sustainability Document Number: 322036 |
| 30. Title: Honduras final report, September 1997 - September 2005. USAID's Implementing AIDS Prevention and Care (IMPACT) project. Author: Family Health International [FHI]. Implementing AIDS Prevention and Care Project [IMPACT] Source: Arlington, Virginia, FHI, 2007 Aug. 12 p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00017-00) Abstract: From the late 1990s until 2005, Family Health International (FHI) helped the Government of Honduras strengthen its AIDS prevention activities. Through the Implementing AIDS Care and Treatment (IMPACT) Project, FHI led initiatives to reduce risk and change behavior; enhance prevention, care, and treatment services; and strengthen monitoring and evaluation systems. IMPACT/Honduras collaborated with the local umbrella nongovernmental organization (NGO) Fundacion Fomento en Salud (FSS), as well as with the Ministry of Health (MOH) and others to coordinate workshops and foster dialogue on HIV/AIDS and policy in Honduras. From 2000 to 2005, IMPACT/Honduras's HIV/AIDS strategic plan project activities reached high-risk populations. In addition, IMPACT/ Honduras helped prepare a bio-behavioral surveillance survey (Bio-BSS) that was to be implemented by the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: HONDURAS | EVALUATION REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | KAP SURVEYS | HEALTH SURVEYS | QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | TARGET POPULATION | USAID | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | HEALTH POLICY | RISK ASSESSMENT | CDC | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Health | Survey Methodology | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Program Design | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Policy | USPHS Document Number: 322034 |
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