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Title: The U.S. commitment to global health: Recommendations for the public and private sectors.
Author: Institute of Medicine. Committee on the U.S. Commitment to Global Health
Source: Washington, D.C., Institute of Medicine, 2009 May. 4 p. (Report Brief)
Abstract: In 2008, the Institute of Medicine convened the expert Committee on the U.S. Commitment to Global Health to investigate the U.S. commitment to global health and to articulate a vision for future U.S. investments in this arena. The committee concludes that the U.S. government and U.S.-based commercial entities, foundations, universities, and other nonprofit organizations have an opportunity to improve global health. The committee initially issued an interim report with recommendations aimed specifically at the U.S. government, such as prioritizing global health as a pillar of foreign policy. This subsequent report addresses other sectors as well as government. The committee identifies five areas for action by the interdisciplinary team: 1. Scale-up existing interventions to achieve significant health gains; 2. Generate and share knowledge to address problems prevalent in poor countries; 3. Invest in people, institutions, and capacity building with global partners; 4. Increase U.S. financial commitments to global health; 5. Set the example of engaging in respectful partnerships. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RECOMMENDATIONS | GOVERNMENT | ORGANIZATIONS | PRIVATE SECTOR | HEALTH | FOREIGN AID | CAPACITY BUILDING | KNOWLEDGE | LEADERSHIP | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Financial Activities | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331419

Title: Global action for health system strengthening: Policy recommendations to the G8 Task Force on Global Action for Health System Strengthening.
Author: Japan Center for International Exchange. Task Force on Global Action for Health System Strengthening
Source: Tokyo, Japan, Japan Center for International Exchange, 2009. 131 p.
Abstract: On January 16, 2009, a high-level working group on global health convened by the Japan Center for International Exchange (JCIE) released a report to the Japanese government outlining measures that the G8 countries should take to set them on a path toward fulfilling their existing commitments to contributing to an overall improvement in the health of individuals and communities around the world. The Working Group on Challenges in Global Health and Japan's Contributions (the "Takemi Working Group") is chaired by Japan's former Senior Vice Minister for Health, Labour and Welfare Keizo Takemi and directed by JCIE President Tadashi Yamamoto. The Japanese government will pass the report to the Italian government, encouraging them to put these recommendations on the agenda of the 2009 G8 Summit in Italy. The report includes chapters by an international team of researchers and advisors on three specific building blocks of health systems-health financing, health information, and the health workforce-that are generally acknowledged to be critical components of any strong health system. While each paper offers specific recommendations for improvements that can be made in each individual building block, they also come to several common conclusions: 1.) While there is still a dire need for more resources-financial, human, and knowledge resources-in the global health field, there is also a critical need to use existing resources more efficiently and more effectively. Recognizing that the current global financial environment will make it even more difficult to secure the resources needed to make health systems work better for everyone, the paper writers recommend complementing the quest for more resources with creative thinking on ways to achieve better health outcomes with the resources we already have. 2.) The human security concept, which has become a pillar of Japan's foreign policy, is identified as a promising approach that can be adopted globally for strengthening health systems. Human security's emphasis on the wellbeing of individuals and communities is very much in line with the ultimate goal of health system strengthening: improving people's health and making health services available to all so that they can be healthy, productive members of society. Human security also responds to the complexity of health system strengthening with its focus on integrating community empowerment with protection strategies and its recognition of the dynamic way in which health is interconnected with many other human security challenges. 3.) In all areas of health system strengthening, donor countries tend to tell their partners in developing countries how they should behave and make decisions. This can lead to confusion, with contradicting instructions often coming from multiple donors and even from single donors, and loss of motivation for stakeholders in partner countries to take ownership of processes to improve their own health sectors. Contributing to this challenge, capacity for making informed decisions on health is often weak, further discouraging domestic decision making in planning and management of health systems. The paper writers all recommend that donor countries invest in capacity building for health sector decision making at the national and local levels and, at the same time, encourage stakeholders in partner countries to drive their own planning and implementation processes. 4.) Finally, the paper writers all recommend that the G8 follow through on its commitment to accountability by establishing an annual review of its activities and accomplishments within each of these three building blocks. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | RECOMMENDATIONS | SYSTEMS ANALYSIS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | LABOR FORCE | HEALTH POLICY | FOREIGN AID | CAPACITY BUILDING | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | INFORMATION SERVICES | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | COORDINATION | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Information | Health Services
Document Number: 328416

Title: Celebrating life: The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. 2009 Annual Report to Congress.
Author: United States. Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator
Source: Washington, D.C., Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator, 2009. 64 p.
Abstract: The fifth Annual Report celebrates life. In countless communities around the world, through partnerships with the American people, courageous individuals in nations devastated by HIV/AIDS are choosing life, saving the lives of their fellow countrymen and women, and creating hope for a future free of HIV/AIDS. Through the power of these partnerships, the American people and the dedicated men and women in nations devastated by HIV/ AIDS have proven that the seemingly impossible is possible.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | ANNUAL REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | FOREIGN AID | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | TREATMENT | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | INTERVENTIONS | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Programs | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 328418

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Title: A global fund for the health MDGs?
Author: Cometto G; Ooms G; Starrs A; Zeitz P
Source: Lancet. 2009 May 2;373(9674):1500-2.
Abstract: The world is off track to achieve the health-related targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. Maternal mortality has stagnated for two decades, child mortality is not declining fast enough, HIV/AIDS still infects people faster than the pace of antiretroviral treatment roll-out, and inequalities are widening within and across countries. Addressing these crises will require increased funding and more efficient spending. The next Board meetings of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the GAVI Alliance, scheduled for May and June, respectively, present an opportunity to tackle these issues. We propose that the exceptional approach created for the fight against AIDS should be expanded: the entire global health agenda must adopt a rights-based approach, which in some countries requires challenging the model of national financial autonomy. We therefore recommend that the Global Fund and the GAVI Alliance gradually move towards becoming a global fund for all the health MDGs, which will require substantially greater resources to address the broader mandate. As a first step the next Global Fund and GAVI Alliance board meetings should expand the review of their architecture to provide greater support to national health plans, including co-financing non-disease-specific human resources for health. A global fund for the health MDGs would eventually allow the delivery of prevention and treatment services for specific diseases through revamped general health services, reducing transaction costs and streamlining the global health architecture. Such radical, yet rational, action is our best chance of meeting-or at least making significant progress toward-the health-related MDG targets by 2015.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | GOALS | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | HEALTH POLICY | FUNDS | FOREIGN AID | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | COORDINATION | WHO | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Planning | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | UN | International Agencies | Organizations
Document Number: 341099

Title: Assessment of Kenyan sexual networks: Collecting evidence for interventions to reduce HIV / STI risk in Garissa, North Eastern Province, and Eastleigh, Nairobi.
Author: Macintyre K; Eymoy HA; Hassan I; Adriance D; Nouga A
Source: Nairobi, Kenya, Pathfinder International, AIDS, Population and Health Integrated Assistance North Eastern Province [APHIA], [2009]. 7 p. (USAID Associate Cooperative Agreement No. 623-A-00-07-00023-00)
Abstract: It is clear from the data gathered in this assessment that HIV prevention messages have reached Garissa, but more must be done to clarify and refine these messages and improve knowledge and behaviors regarding risky sex. Though this sample should not be viewed as representative of the NEP population as a whole, these data can be used by APHIA II NEP to create a targeted, evidence-based prevention strategy. APHIA II NEP plans to work with partners to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices through a strategic behavior change campaign with the following objectives: targeting key populations, leveraging the endorsement and influence of religious leaders, projecting familiar social settings and "our face" in all communication materials, [and] intensifying school-based programs. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | SOMALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | SEX WORKERS | SOCIAL NETWORKS | ETHNIC GROUPS | INFLUENTIALS | ISLAM | NOMADS | FOREIGN AID | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | PERCEPTION | RISK ASSESSMENT | HIV TRANSMISSION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Religion | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Psychological Factors | Evaluation | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases
Document Number: 331344

Title: Does health aid matter?
Author: Mishra P; Newhouse D
Source: Journal of Health Economics. 2009 Jun 13;
Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between health aid and infant mortality, using data from 118 countries between 1973 and 2004. Health aid has a beneficial and statistically significant effect on infant mortality: doubling per capita health aid is associated with a 2 percent reduction in the infant mortality rate. For the average country, this implies that increasing per capita health aid by US$1.60 per year is associated with 1.5 fewer infant deaths per thousand births. The estimated effect is small, relative to the 2015 target envisioned by the Millennium Development Goals. It implies that achieving the MDG target through additional health aid alone would require a roughly 15-fold increase in current levels of aid.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | HISTORICAL REVIEW | HEALTH | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | FOREIGN AID | INFANT MORTALITY | GOALS | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | RESOURCE ALLOCATION | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Research Methodology | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Planning | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Programs
Document Number: 342295

Title: Mexico City Policy and assistance for voluntary population planning [memorandum]
Author: Obama BH
Source: Washington, D.C., White House, 2009 Jan 23. [2] p.
Abstract: Memorandum for the Secretary of State and the administrator of the United States Agency for International Development with appended statement of President Barack Obama on rescinding the Mexico City policy, including the following: "It is clear that the provisions of the Mexico City Policy are unnecessarily broad and unwarranted under current law, and for the past eight years, they have undermined efforts to promote safe and effective voluntary family planning in developing countries. For these reasons, it is right for us to rescind this policy and restore critical efforts to protect and empower women and promote global economic development.", The White House, Office of the Press Secretary (23 Jan 2009). White House press statement appended 31 Mar 2009. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | ABORTION LAW | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | FOREIGN AID | USAID | GRANTS | STANDARDS | POPULATION POLICY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Social Policy | Policy | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Research Methodology
Document Number: 331358 Notification

Title: Contraceptive projections and the donor gap: Meeting the challenge.
Author: Ross J; Weissman E; Stover J
Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Feb. 44 p.
Abstract: This report looks at just one component of reproductive health commodities: contraceptives: A follow-up report of the same title published in 2001, the report starts with an overview of current demand for contraceptives in 88 developing countries that depend on supplies from donors. Future needs for contraceptive commodities are projected for two scenarios: one assuming that all unmet need for family planning will be satisfied by 2015 as specified in the ICPD and the MDGs, and the other one based on the medium variant projections of the United Nations Population Division-projections that assume a more gradual contraceptive prevalence increase that is based on historical trends. The proportion of future needs that will require donor funding is estimated on the basis of historical funding trends. Those future needs are compared with current donor funding to highlight the ?donor gap,? the expected shortfall in commodity funding unless resources for commodities are increased substantially.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | DEVELOPED COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | FOREIGN AID | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraception | Family Planning | Program Evaluation | Programs | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Distributional Activities | Program Activities
Document Number: 341071

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Title: Making the case for U.S. international family planning assistance.
Author: Speidel JJ; Sinding S; Gillespie D; Maguire E; Neuse M
Source: [Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Ipas], 2009 Jan. 15 p. (Report)
Abstract: This report documents the urgent need for greater U.S. assistance to family planning programs in the developing world and recommends targeted investment in such programs, primarily through the U.S. Agency for International Development. Five former directors of the Population and Reproductive Health Program of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) issue a call for renewed U.S. political and financial commitment to international family planning programs. USAID has been the largest donor to international population and family planning efforts and a transformative source of leadership and innovation in the field. Its professional staff and technical resources are unparalleled among donor agencies. However, its funding peaked in 1995 and has declined in real terms ever since, even as the worldwide demand for family planning and other reproductive health services has grown. As a result, many successful programs in developing countries have stagnated and global fertility decline has slowed. At the beginning of a new administration and a new Congress, it is time to reverse the decline in U.S. political and financial commitment to this field of signature U.S. leadership and accomplishment, to satisfy the unmet need for services, and to improve women's reproductive health worldwide. We estimate that USAID's population budget should be increased to $1.2 billion. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | FAMILY PLANNING | FOREIGN AID | USAID | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | POPULATION POLICY | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Social Policy | Policy | Programs
Document Number: 331360

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Title: The global fight against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria: current status and future perspectives.
Author: Vitoria M; Granich R; Gilks CF; Gunneberg C; Hosseini M; Were W; Raviglione M; De Cock KM
Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2009 Jun;131(6):844-8.
Abstract: HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria are 3 major global public health threats and cause substantial morbidity, mortality, negative socioeconomic impact, and human suffering. Despite the significant increase in financial support and recent progress in addressing these 3 diseases, important obstacles and unmet priorities remain. Disease-specific interventions have had a considerable impact on improving health systems. However, despite considerable investment, weak health systems, inadequate human resources, and poor laboratory infrastructure continue to be major obstacles to expanding health services. Health system strengthening should be addressed in an integrated approach that includes HIV-, tuberculosis-, and malaria-specific interventions. Investment in strategic information and public health laboratory network capacity strengthening are key actions to expand services to successfully address those diseases in heavily impacted countries.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | TUBERCULOSIS | MALARIA | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | FOREIGN AID | INTERVENTIONS | GOALS | OBSTACLES | HUMAN RESOURCES | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Infections | Parasitic Diseases | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Planning
Document Number: 341769

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Title: Asia and the Pacific Regional Forum on Strengthening Partnerships with Faith-Based Organisations in Addressing ICPD, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 5-6 May, 2008. A report on the conference proceedings.
Author: Asia and the Pacific Regional Forum on Strengthening Partnerships with Faith-Based Organisations in Addressing ICPD (2008: Kuala Lumpur)
Source: [New York, New York], United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA], 2008. 60 p.
Abstract: Building on a legacy spanning three decades, UNFPA Country Offices in the Asia-Pacific region and their faith-based partners came together for a two-day consultation to assess the nature and impact of these partnerships in the areas of maternal health, gender equality, migration and youth welfare. This report documents the experiences and lessons learned from the varied initiatives of faith-based organizations, as well as the best practices emanating from these strategic alliances around the region. The discussions, recommendations for action and the many voices of critical faith-based actors, are all documented in this report.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | OCEANIA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATION | POLICYMAKERS | MATERNAL MORTALITY | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | HUMAN RIGHTS | UNFPA | COORDINATION | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | FOREIGN AID | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | UN | International Agencies | Financial Activities | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331357

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Title: Intimate relations: Sex, lives and poverty. A resource for policy makers and programmers working in population and development.
Author: Asia-Pacific Alliance
Source: [Bangkok, Thailand], Asia-Pacific Alliance, 2008. [47] p.
Abstract: The New Zealand Coalition of the Asia Pacific Alliance, advancing the ICPD agenda proudly presents a new resource: Intimate Relations: Sex, Lives and Poverty. This resource has been created as a tool to highlight how sexual and reproductive health is crucial to achieve quality development (or more specifically, the MDGs). With a Pacific flavour, the resource highlights the issues and provides a set of questions to guide policy-makers and programmers in thinking about sexual and reproductive health in all that they do.
Language: English
Keywords:
OCEANIA | RECOMMENDATIONS | POLICYMAKERS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | POVERTY | GOALS | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | FOREIGN AID | EDUCATION | FAMILY PLANNING | ENVIRONMENT | Developing Countries | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Health | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Planning | Programs | Financial Activities
Document Number: 331849

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Title: Saving lives now. Female condoms and the role of U.S. foreign aid.
Author: Center for Health and Gender Equity [CHANGE]
Source: Takoma Park, Maryland, Center for Health and Gender Equity [CHANGE], 2008. 56 p.
Abstract: "Saving Lives Now: Female Condoms and the Role of U.S. Foreign Aid" relies on peer reviewed literature and interviews with reproductive health commodities programming and policy experts to outline the importance of female condoms as part of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health and HIV prevention programs. "Saving Lives Now" presents an in-depth overview of the female condom -- the only available HIV prevention method designed for women to initiate and control. The report explains the products, their many benefits and proven acceptability among women and men, and the challenges to making female condoms accessible to women and men. The report also describes the U.S. role in the procurement, distribution and programming of female condoms, and identifies policy and financial barriers within the U.S. government that inhibit successful integration of female condoms into reproductive health and HIV prevention interventions. In conclusion, the report offers policy and program recommendations aimed at improving U.S. support for increased global access to female condoms.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | FEMALE CONDOMS | FOREIGN AID | MICROBICIDES | ANAL SEX | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | LOGISTICS | COORDINATION | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Financial Activities | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Interpersonal Relations | Management | Organization and Administration | Programs
Document Number: 326043

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Title: Progress toward strengthening blood transfusion services--14 countries, 2003-2007.
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Source: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2008 Nov 28;57(47):1273-7.
Abstract: Nearly all persons transfused with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected blood become infected, and blood transfusions are a substantial source of HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, especially among women and children. Since 2004, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has provided technical and financial support to strengthen national blood transfusion services in 14 countries in Africa and the Caribbean with high prevalence of HIV infection. PEPFAR has supported efforts to improve blood supply adequacy and safety by providing policy guidance, strengthening laboratory infrastructure, and enhancing blood donor recruitment and retention practices. To assess the progress made by these countries with PEPFAR support, CDC analyzed data collected by national blood transfusion services in the 14 countries during 2003-2007. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that 1) national policies had been established in 12 of the 14 countries; 2) the number of whole blood units collected had increased in all 14 countries; 3) the percentage of collections from voluntary, non-remunerated donors had increased; and 4) the percentage of collected blood units reactive for HIV had decreased in 13 of the 14 countries. Since the start of the PEPFAR initiative, progress toward improving safe and adequate supplies of blood has been made in the 14 countries with high prevalence of HIV infection.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION INDEXES | BLOOD DONORS | POLICYMAKERS | WORLD AIDS DAY | BLOOD TRANSFUSION | CAPACITY BUILDING | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | FOREIGN AID | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | SAFETY | STANDARDS | QUALITY CONTROL | HIV TESTING | Developing Countries | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Blood Supply | Equipment and Supplies | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | International Cooperation | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Treatment | Program Sustainability | Programs | Management | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Public Health | Research Methodology | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses
Document Number: 329841

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Title: Summary report of the Expert Group Consultation on Tracking and Monitoring Gender Equality and HIV / AIDS in Aid Effectiveness.
Author: Expert Group Consultation on Tracking and Monitoring Gender Equality and HIV in Aid Effectiveness (2008: Santo Domingo)
Source: In: Making aid more effective: Promoting better monitoring and tracking of gender equality in HIV and AIDS responses, edited by Robert Carr. New York, New York, United Nations Development Fund for Women [UNIFEM], 2008. :23-32.
Abstract: This chapter presents document highlights from an Expert Group Consultation convened by UNIFEM in collaboration with the European Commission to identify approaches to ensure that the aid effectiveness agenda promotes greater action on, and investment in, reducing HIV and AIDS among women. The consultation provided an opportunity to discuss how to make aid more effective in addressing the gender dimensions of the epidemic through the tracking of financing for gender equality in the response to HIV and identifying, reviewing and refining key programme indicators. Experts examined how and where gender equality and HIV are being woven into the aid effectiveness agenda, drawing on country examples and existing efforts. They also made recommendations for advocacy to ensure that aid is 'effective' for women. More importantly, this convening of experts provided an opportunity to examine strategies and tools to support nationally driven processes of tracking and monitoring progress to reduce HIV infections among women by improving their access to sexual and reproductive health and rights and by reducing violence they face. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | FOREIGN AID | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | GENDER ISSUES | INEQUALITIES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | ADVOCACY | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Socioeconomic Factors | Health | Human Rights | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Communication
Document Number: 331402

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Title: Using national resources to finance contraceptive procurement. Policy brief.
Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER
Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, [2008]. [9] p. (Policy Brief)
Abstract: Driven by the increasing demand for and popularity of family planning, increasing population size, and changing demographics with more couples entering their fertile years, the financing requirement for contraceptives has become increasingly onerous. Strategies to finance contraceptives include expansion of the donor base; increased use of cost recovery, including revolving drug funds; greater use of the private sector; and direct government financing of contraceptive procurement. None of these is mutually exclusive, and to ensure contraceptive security, most countries are likely to use some or all of these approaches, and many others. Evidence suggests that many governments are beginning to finance contraceptive procurement using national resources, but limited data are publicly available regarding the global extent of this financing. This brief details the findings of a survey of the extent to which national governments of developing countries are using national resources to finance contraceptive procurement. The brief examines the different types of financing used, some of the benefits of this type of financing, and some of the issues it raises. Hopefully, this study can be repeated to track spending and will spur more rigorous efforts to measure this practice. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | SURVEYS | GOVERNMENT | USAID | LOGISTICS | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | WORLD BANK | FOREIGN AID | FUNDS | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Management | Organization and Administration | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | International Agencies
Document Number: 326278

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Title: Paying the price. The economic cost of failing to educate girls.
Author: Plan
Source: Woking, United Kingdom, Plan, 2008. 11 p.
Abstract: Perhaps it is impossible to quantify the difference it makes to individuals' confidence, well-being and life-chances. But there is increasing evidence that we can make a serious estimate of the cost to economies of failing to educate girls to the same standard as boys. This report presents a new analysis of the economic cost of failing to educate girls. Based on World Bank research and economic data and UNESCO education statistics, it estimates the economic cost to 65 low and middle income and transitional countries of failing to educate girls to the same standard as boys as a staggering US$92 billion each year. This is just less than the $103bn annual overseas development aid budget of the developed world. The message is clear: investment in girls' education will deliver real returns, not just for individuals but for the whole of society. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | CHILD, FEMALE | EDUCATION | MACROECONOMIC FACTORS | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | COST EFFECTIVENESS | FOREIGN AID | INEQUALITIES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | SEX DISCRIMINATION | SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Evaluation Indexes | Financial Activities | Socioeconomic Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Women's Status | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status
Document Number: 326794

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Title: U.S. HIV / AIDS and family planning / reproductive health assistance: a growing disparity within PEPFAR focus countries.
Author: Population Action International
Source: [Washington, D.C.], Population Action International, 2008 Jan. [3] p.
Abstract: Voluntary FP/RH programs, a proven successful intervention long supported by the U.S. government, is critical to the health and well being of women, children and families around the world, and is an acknowledged key component to the success of HIV prevention care and treatment programs. The report explores the links between family planning and HIV prevention and advocates for increased support for family planning programs. Key action recommendations: increase U.S. funding for international family planning and reproductive health to improve HIV prevention efforts for women and their children, and to reduce unintended pregnancies; remove policy restrictions, including the Global Gag Rule, the "abstinence earmark" and the "loyal oath," which greatly limit access to the best available HIV/AIDS and FP/RH services for women and their families. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | FUNDS | FOREIGN AID | FAMILY PLANNING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Programs | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Health
Document Number: 324698

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Title: Abortions averted through contraception.
Author: Population Resource Center
Source: [Washington, D.C.], Population Resource Center, [2008]. [4] p.
Abstract: An estimated 26 million legal and 20 million illegal abortions were performed worldwide. The resulting overall abortion rate was 35 per 1,000 women aged 15-44. Among the sub regions of the world, Eastern Europe had the highest abortion rate (90 per 1,000) and Western Europe the lowest rate (11 per 1,000). In response to the findings of surveys, the United Nations Population Fund, the UNFPA, and USAID launched targeted family planning programs in Eastern Europe, as well as other high risk regions like Asia and Latin America. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | EVALUATION REPORT | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | PERIOD ANALYSIS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ABORTION RATE | UNFPA | UNAIDS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | FOREIGN AID | Evaluation | Quantitative Evaluation | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning Programs | Financial Activities
Document Number: 325658 Notification

27.

Title: State of the world's mothers 2008. Closing the survival gap for children under 5.
Author: Save the Children
Source: Westport, Connecticut, Save the Children, 2008. [56] p.
Abstract: Worldwide, more than 200 million children under age 5 do not get the basic health care they need. This contributes to nearly 10 million children dying needlessly every year from highly preventable or treatable ailments such as diarrhea and pneumonia. A disproportionate number of the children without health care come from the poorest and most marginalized families in developing countries. While there has been significant progress in reducing the overall death toll among children under 5 in recent decades, death rates among the poorest of the poor have not improved nearly so well, and in some countries they have gotten worse. These widening health care inequities unfairly condemn millions of the world's poorest children to early death or a lifetime of ill health. This year's State of the World's Mothers report shows which countries are succeeding - and which are failing - to deliver basic health care to the mothers and children who need it most. It examines where the health care gaps between the poorest and best-off children are widest, and where they are smallest. It also looks at the survival gaps between the rich and poor children in developing countries, and shows how millions of children's lives could be saved by ensuring all children get essential, low-cost health care. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | STATISTICAL STUDIES | CHILDREN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | MATERNAL HEALTH | CHILD SURVIVAL | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | POVERTY | INDUSTRIALIZATION | FUNDS | FOREIGN AID | CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Health | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Socioeconomic Factors | Financial Activities | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care
Document Number: 326320

28.

Title: Donor support for contraceptives and condoms for STI / HIV prevention 2008.
Author: United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]
Source: [New York, New York], UNFPA, 2008. 30 p.
Abstract: Since 1990, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) has been tracking donor support for contraceptives and condoms for STI / HIV prevention. The Fund publishes an annual report based on this donor database to enhance the coordination among partners at all levels to continue progress toward universal access to sexual and reproductive health, as set forth in the ICPD Programme of Action and, subsequently, the Millennium Development Goals. This report represents the 2008 installment of the series and has three main sections. The first section summarizes patterns and trends�by method, by donor and by region�in donor support from 2000-2008. The second section takes a closer look at donor support for male and female condoms over time and by region. The third and final section compares aggregate donor support to global contraceptive need for 2000-2008 and provides projections of contraceptive needs through 2015. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | ANNUAL REPORT | UNFPA | HIV PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CONDOMS | FEMALE CONDOMS | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | FOREIGN AID | EXPENDITURES | NEEDS | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Barrier Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Financial Activities | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331842

29.

30.

Title: The U.S. commitment to global health: recommendations for the new administration.
Author: United States. Committee on the U.S. Commitment to Global Health. Board on Global Health
Source: Washington, D.C., The National Academies Press, 2008 Dec 15. [64] p.
Abstract: At this historic moment, the incoming Obama administration and leaders of the U.S. Congress have the opportunity to advance the welfare and prosperity of people within and beyond the borders of the United States through intensified and sustained attention to better health. The United States can improve the lives of millions around the world, while reflecting America's values and protecting and promoting the nation's interests. The Institute of Medicine-with the support of four U.S. government agencies and five private foundations-formed an independent committee to examine the United States' commitment to global health and to articulate a vision for future U.S. investments and activities in this area.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | GOVERNMENT | HEALTH POLICY | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | FOREIGN AID | WHO | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | COORDINATION | HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANNING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Policy | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Health | Social Planning
Document Number: 328213


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