1.  Title: The logistics handbook: A practical guide for supply chain managers in family planning and health programs. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Jul. 182 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Oringinally published in 2004. Abstract: The Logistics Handbook includes the major aspects of logistics management with an emphasis on contraceptive supplies. The text should be helpful to managers who work with supplies every day as well as managers who assess and design logistics systems for entire programs. Policymakers may find the text useful in exploring the inputs needed to create an effective logistics system. Key terms and concepts are clearly defined and explained, and the design and implementation of management information systems and inventory control are discussed in detail. Storage and quality control practices are also discussed, and overviews of forecasting and procurement processes are included. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | USAID | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | LOGISTICS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | DRUGS | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | RECORDS | QUALITY CONTROL | MONITORING | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | IMPLEMENTATION | PLANNING | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Management | Organization and Administration | Contraception | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Evaluation | Programs Document Number: 331681 |
| 2. Title: Postpartum family planning for healthy pregnancy outcomes. A training manual. Author: Pathfinder International. Extending Service Delivery Project Source: Watertown, Massachusetts, Pathfinder, 2009 Feb. 124 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-A-00-05-00027-00) Abstract: This manual provides material to conduct a comprehensive two-day training for facility-based health workers (such as health supervisors, nurses and midwives) on providing community-based postpartum family planning education, counseling and referral that enables women and couples to use family planning methods for Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancy (HTSP). The Manual addresses the following content areas: 1. The importance of the postpartum period; 2. HTSP for postpartum women; 3. Postpartum family planning for HTSP; 4. Postpartum family planning counseling and education; 5. Postpartum family planning for HIV positive women. Under each topic, key information for the trainer is provided, as well as a training activity to promote participant learning and skills development for improved community-based postpartum care that includes family planning and HTSP. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | TRAINING OF TRAINERS | PREGNANCY INTERVALS | POSTPARTUM PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | COUNSELING | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | Puerperium | Reproduction | Pregnancy | Education | Training Programs | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 325159 |
3.  Title: The impact of race and ethnicity on receipt of family planning services in the United States. Author: Borrero S; Schwarz EB; Creinin M; Ibrahim S Source: Journal of Women's Health. 2009 Jan-Feb;18(1):91-6. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study sought to examine the independent effect of patient race or ethnicity on the use of family planning services and on the likelihood of receiving counseling for sterilization and other birth control methods. METHODS: This study used national, cross-sectional data collected by the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Our analysis included women aged 18-44 years who had heterosexual intercourse within the past 12 months, who were not actively seeking to get pregnant, and who had not undergone surgical sterilization. The primary outcome was receipt of family planning services within the past 12 months. Specific services we examined were (1) provision of or prescription for a method of birth control, (2) checkup related to using birth control, (3) counseling about sterilization, and (4) counseling about birth control. RESULTS: Although we found no racial/ethnic differences in the overall use of family planning services, there were racial/ethnic differences in the specific type of service received. Hispanic and black women were more likely than white women to receive counseling for birth control (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 1.8, and adjusted OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1, 1.7, respectively). Hispanic women were more likely than white women to report having been counseled about sterilization (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0, 2.3). CONCLUSIONS: Minority women were more likely to receive counseling about sterilization and other birth control methods. However, there were no differences in access to family planning services by race or ethnicity. Future studies are needed to examine the quality and content of contraceptive counseling received by minority compared with nonminority women. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | ETHNIC GROUPS | HISPANICS | BLACKS | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | IMPACT | COUNSELING | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Communication | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation Document Number: 331216 |
| 4. Title: Preventing student pregnancy in Guinea’s Forest Region. Author: Castle S Source: Washington, D.C., CORE Group, [2009]. 8 p. Abstract: Plan International implemented the Forest Region Sustainable Community-Based Reproductive and Sexual Health Project, a 3.5-year intervention to increase knowledge and use of family planning in five prefectures of Guinea's forest region. In partnership with the Association Guinenne pour le Bien-Etre Familiale (AGBEF), Plan International used a community-based approach that included recruiting and training nearly 800 community-based services agents to offer information, some modern methods, and referrals to women, men, and couples in the project zone. From the outset, the Forest Region Project also took a strong interest in the sexual health and FP needs of young people, knowing that early sexual activity combined with low FP use commonly led to unwanted pregnancy and school abandonment and/or unsafe abortion. Language: English Keywords: GUINEA | SUMMARY REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | STUDENTS | SUGAR DADDIES | PEER EDUCATORS | TEACHERS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | EDUCATION | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities Document Number: 330603 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Contraception in historical and global perspective. Author: Cleland J Source: Best Practice and Research. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2009 Apr;23(2):165-176. Abstract: This chapter describes the rise in contraceptive practice and fall in fertility from around 1880 to the present day. Two main phases are identified: the first confined to European populations and involving methods of low efficacy, and the second embracing the whole planet involving modern methods. Today, sub-Saharan Africa is the only region where low levels of contraceptive use and high fertility persist. Nevertheless, nearly half of pregnancies worldwide are still unintended, and much scope remains for improvement in contraceptive protection. The main international priority is Africa, where demographic factors jeopardize the goals of reducing poverty and hunger. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | SOCIAL MARKETING | POPULATION GROWTH | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | CONTRACEPTION | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Contraceptive Usage | Family Planning | Marketing | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 329659 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Toward replacement fertility in Egypt and Tunisia. Author: Eltigani EE Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Sep;40(3):215-226. Abstract: Egypt and Tunisia began their fertility transition at almost identical fertility levels and at roughly the same time period, yet the difference in the pace of decline has been such that the total fertility rate (TFR) in Tunisia reached replacement level by the year 2001, whereas the TFR in Egypt remains above three live births per woman. This article draws on the secondary literature and on several nationally representative surveys from the two countries between 1978 and 2005 to provide empirical evidence of the difference in the pace of fertility decline and to analyze the determinants of the differential. Findings include (a) variation across the two countries in the consistency of fertility decline among the segments of the population leading the transition; (b) that the success of each country’s family planning program was influenced by the role of political leaders and the extent of the program’s integration with socioeconomic development objectives; (c) that the impact of contraception on TFR decline became an important factor in the mid-1980s; and (d) that the greatest determinant of the discrepancy in the pace of fertility decline is the disparity in age at marriage, which rose more significantly in Tunisia than in Egypt. The latter finding indicates that reaching replacement fertility in Egypt hinges primarily on further declines in marital fertility, resulting from reduction of wanted fertility and from an expansion of family planning program coverage and improved efficiency of service delivery and use. Language: English Keywords: EGYPT | TUNISIA | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | BELOW REPLACEMENT FERTILITY | FERTILITY DECLINE | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | MARITAL FERTILITY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Population Decrease | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Economic Factors | Family Planning | Health Document Number: 339703 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Saving mother's lives: programs that work. Author: Fortney JA; Leong M Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Jun;52(2):224-36. Abstract: Maternal mortality is a complex problem requiring complex responses. Nevertheless, every intervention must operate through one of 3 pathways: preventing pregnancy, preventing complications, or preventing death when obstetric complications occur. We describe interventions following each pathway and assess their evidence base. In general, the more specific the intervention (such as procedures) the stronger the evidence. Broad interventions ("programs" for example) have a weaker evidence base although evidence is accumulating. The potential for robust evidence for effective programs is limited by epidemiologic design-the logistic difficulties of randomization, blinding, and single impact variables. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RECOMMENDATIONS | POLICYMAKERS | COMMUNITY | SAFE MOTHERHOOD | MATERNAL MORTALITY | INTERVENTIONS | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | OBSTETRICS | EMERGENCY SERVICES | MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Maternal Health | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Programs | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Program Evaluation | Family Planning Document Number: 342175 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Use of contraceptive services in Britain: findings from the second National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-2). Author: French RS; Mercer CH; Johnson AM; Fenton KA; Erens B; Wellings K Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Jan;35(1):9-14. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe contraceptive service use and identify demographic and sexual behavioural characteristics associated with use (and non-use) of different services. METHODS: Probability survey sample of men and women aged 16-44 years, resident in Britain. Participants comprised 3369 men and 4375 women reporting vaginal intercourse in the last year (excluding those reporting exclusive use of sterilisation or medical investigations for infertility). Main outcome measures were use of contraceptive services, grouped as: general practice, community contraceptive clinics, retail services and nonuse of services. RESULTS: General practice was the most commonly reported source of contraceptive supplies for women (59.2%), while retail services were most frequently reported by men (42.7%). 16.3% of women and 7.3% of men reported using more than one type of service. 20.7% of women and 45.1% of men had used no service in the last year, and amongst 16-17-year-olds the proportions reporting non-use of services was 13.8% and 31.2%, respectively. Use of community contraceptive clinics was associated with being younger, childless, single and reporting more heterosexual partners in the last year. CONCLUSIONS: There was relatively little 'shopping around' between different services, suggesting that choice of contraceptive providers ensures a range of needs is met for most people. While general practice is the most commonly used source of supplies, community contraceptive clinics are seeing those potentially at higher sexual health risk, particularly the young and those with multiple partners. Ways of improving young people's access to services for contraceptive supplies need to be addressed. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SEX BEHAVIOR | LIFE STYLE | ATTITUDES | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 329637 |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: International family-planning budgets in the "new US" era. Author: Gillespie D; Maguire ES; Neuse M; Sinding SW; Speidel JJ Source: Lancet. 2009 May 2;373(9674):1505-7. Abstract: Anticipating major shifts in the political complexion of Washington as a result of the 2008 Presidential election, we, as five former directors of the US Agency for International Development's (USAID) population and reproductive health programme, recently issued a report as part of an effort to increase USAID's stagnant family-planning budget. Our evidence-based report, Making the case for international family planning, recommends an increase from the present level of US$457 million to $1.2 billion in 2010, with modest further annual increases thereafter. With dramatic political shift in Washington, we are optimistic that our message will resonate well in the new policy environment. We have no illusions about the treacherous political terrain of reproductive health in the USA. However, we are much encouraged by President Obama's commitment to bring science back into the service of public policy, his efforts to find common ground in the national debate about abortion, and his and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's determination to make international development cooperation and women's rights far more prominent features of US foreign policy. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | USAID | FAMILY PLANNING | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | POLITICAL FACTORS | HEALTH POLICY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SOCIAL SCIENCES | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Government Agencies | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Policy | Health | Science | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341020 |
| 10. Title: Use of family planning services in Darfur, Sudan. Author: Haggaz A; Ahmed S; Adam I Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Mar;104(3):247-8. Abstract: High fertility rates and inadequate spacing between births can lead to high maternal and infant mortality. An estimated 600 000 maternal deaths occur worldwide each year, and the vast majority take place in low-income countries. The World Health Organization estimates that 13% of these deaths are due to unsafe abortions. Worldwide, where approximately 50 million women resort to induced abortion, this frequently results in high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality. Family planning and adequate spacing between births are important methods to help avoid these deaths. Little published data are available regarding the use of family planning services in Sudan-the largest country in Africa, with 40 million inhabitants-although high maternal mortality and inadequate utilization of prenatal care in Darfur have been reported previously. In Alfasher, the area considered in the present study, the Sudanese Family Planning Association has an office that provides services such as contraceptive pills and intrauterine contraceptive devices free of charge. A community-based cross-sectional household survey was conducted in Alfashar, in April and June 2008, to investigate the use of and factors associated with family planning services. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SUDAN | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL STUDIES | WOMEN | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | AGE FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | PARITY | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Characteristics | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Education Document Number: 341389 |
| 11. Title: Childbearing and contraceptive decision making amongst Afghan men and women: a qualitative analysis. Author: Haider S; Todd C; Ahmadzai M; Rahimi S; Azfar P; Morris JL; Miller S Source: Health Care For Women International. 2009 Oct;30(10):935-53. Abstract: Afghanistan has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios and lowest contraceptive prevalence rates globally. Limited information is known regarding Afghan men and women's attitudes toward childbearing, child spacing, and contraceptive use, which is essential for delivery of appropriate services. We conducted a qualitative study among postpartum couples enrolled at maternity hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan. We identified important themes that highlight the complex inter-relationship between acknowledged risks of childbearing, desire for family planning, rationales for limited contraceptive use, and sociocultural barriers to contraceptive use. We offer practical recommendations for application of findings toward family planning and maternal mortality reduction programs. Language: English Keywords: AFGHANISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | MEN | WOMEN | COUPLES | POSTPARTUM | DECISION MAKING | BIRTH SPACING | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Puerperium | Reproduction | Behavior | Family Planning | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraception | Economic Factors Document Number: 342710 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Fragile, threatened, and still urgently needed: family planning programs in Sub-Saharan Africa. Author: Jacobstein R; Bakamjian L; Pile JM; Wickstrom J Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Jun;40(2):147-154. Abstract: Many family planning (FP) programs in sub-Saharan Africa are fragile; recent performance has fallen off and future performance is challenged. Yet robust and wellfunctioning FP programs are still urgently needed if countries are to meet their health, equity, poverty-alleviation, and economic development goals. In support of these observations, we present data on FP parameters in sub- Saharan Africa overall and in eight of its countries, including Nigeria, the most populous African country; Kenya, a long-time leader in FP in the region; and Uganda, with fertility among the highest in Africa and a population projected to more than triple in the next 40 years to become sub-Saharan Africa's fourth-most-populous country. We also draw upon findings of individual case studies of the contraceptive programs of Ghana (Solo et al. 2005c), Malawi (Solo et al. 2005a), Senegal (Wickstrom et al. 2006), Tanzania (Pile and Simbakalia 2006), and Zambia (Solo et al. 2005b), as well as a synthesis of some of these case studies (ACQUIRE Project 2005). All eight of these countries, which together comprise 40 percent of the population of sub-Saharan Africa, are facing the same difficult dynamics in terms of threat and need. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | CRITIQUE | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | NEEDS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | DECENTRALIZATION | FUNDS | URBANIZATION | POVERTY | FOOD SECURITY | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Economic Factors | Contraception | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Food Supply | Natural Resources | Environment Document Number: 341898 |
| 13. Title: Task sharing in family planning. Author: Janowitz B; Stanback J Source: [Unpublished] 2009. [4] p. Abstract: Many developing countries face strains in meeting the demands for provision of health services because of limited medical personnel. This situation has been exacerbated by the continued "brain drain" of highly trained medical professionals, and, more recently, by the increased demand for HIV services, especially in countries with a generalized epidemic. This has led to renewed interest in task sharing, also known as task shifting. A key feature of task sharing is that those with less medical or paramedical training can provide some of the same services with the same quality as those with more training. While the term “task sharing” is new, the concept has been applied for many years in family planning programs as various tasks became shared between doctors and nurses or between nurses and community health workers. The consensus reported in a recent WHO document, ‘Task Shifting to Tackle Health Worker Shortages’, was that task sharing “will positively affect health outcome. In family planning, perhaps the most important reason for task shifting is to bring services to women with poor access. Since it is not always cost effective to build clinics in sparsely populated rural areas, women will either be forced to travel long distances for services or non-clinic-based services must be provided in local communities. (Excerpts) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | HEALTH PERSONNEL | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | NEEDS | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | SUPERVISION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Planning | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Health Services Evaluation | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Training Programs | Education | Management | Contraception Document Number: 331837 |
| 14. Title: The role of nursing in the management of unintended pregnancy. Author: Levi AJ; Simmonds KE; Taylor D Source: Nursing Clinics of North America. 2009 Sep;44(3):301-14. Abstract: This article explores the role of nurses in the prevention, management, and treatment of unintended pregnancy. All nurses have a responsibility to understand the importance of reproductive health care in the primary care of women and their families, and to be prepared to respond to patients' needs for the prevention and management of unintended pregnancy. A public health framework provides an opportunity to identify the role of the nurse in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies that can contribute to the management of unintended pregnancy for the health of women and their families. Nursing education and the role of nurses in advocacy for reproductive health concerns are also addressed. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | NURSES AND NURSING | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | ABORTION | COUNSELING | PREGNANCY TESTS | HEALTH EDUCATION | ADVOCACY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Services | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Laboratory Procedures | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Education | Communication Document Number: 342606 Notification |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Contraceptive method switch and discontinuation among women migrants in Indonesia. Author: Liew HP Source: Population, Space and Place. 2009;15:267-276. Abstract: Using the 2000 wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS3), this study attempts to examine the relationship between migration and contraceptive method switch and discontinuation in Indonesia. The major conclusion from the multinomial logistic regression is that repeated migrants are more likely than one-time migrants to discontinue use of the same method. However, the differentials in the likelihood of discontinuing use of the same method among women migrants is eliminated after controlling for the quality of health centre/family planning programme and the degree of infrastructure development in a community. The results of this study will contribute important foundational knowledge about the extent of contraceptive use dynamics by women of different migration experiences in Indonesia. This knowledge will provide guidance to policymakers to employ effective means to incorporate migration and issues that are sensitive to women migrants in their family planning and reproductive health programmes. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | MIGRANTS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD SWITCHING | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Migration | Population Dynamics | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 328048 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Women's perceptions of quality of family planning services in Tabriz, Iran. Author: Mohammad-Alizadeh S; Wahlstrom R; Vahidi R; Johansson A Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2009 May;17(33):171-80. Abstract: In this qualitative study, women's perceptions and experiences of the quality of family planning services at public primary health centres were explored in the city of Tabriz, Iran. Nine focus group discussions were carried out with a total of 53 married women of reproductive age. The public services were appreciated for being accessible and affordable, but important shortcomings were identified. The need for improved privacy, a wider choice of contraceptive methods and accurate and more comprehensive information about methods and side effects were stressed. The issue of marital counselling was raised as an important unmet need, especially in one discussion group. The women's sense of having the right to make autonomous, informed choices and to be treated with dignity and respect emerged as the main theme. A second, cross-cutting theme was their wish for their husbands to be more strongly involved in family planning and marital counselling and education. Women's experiences and suggestions for improvements in service delivery should be considered in future plans. Multifaceted interventions are needed to narrow the existing gap between women's needs and rights and the actual quality of services. Language: English Keywords: IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | WOMEN | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | PERCEPTION | NEEDS | PRIVACY | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | COUNSELING | Middle East | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Economic Factors | Clinic Activities | Program Activities Document Number: 341667 |
| 17. Title: Biosocial profiles and pattern of complaints of new intrauterine device acceptors at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Author: Okunlola MA; Morhason-Bello IO; ARoberts A; Tokzaka A; Adekunle AO Source: Journal of Reproduction and Contraception. 2009 Jun;20(2):93-100. Abstract: Objective: To determine the pattern of biosocial characteristics of the new IUD acceptors and describe their concerns. Methods This was a retrospective review of records of new IUD acceptors at the University College Hospital, Ibadam, Nigeria from January to December 2007. Results The age range of subjects was 19 to 49 years with a mean of 33.5 ±2.4 years. The commonest source (46.0%) of clientele referral was through the health care providers--doctors and nurse/midwife. Other referral patterns were from friends/relative (23.5%), media--TV and radio (17.0%), outreach programmes (7.3%), self referral (5.2%) and others--the source was not indicated (1.2%). Of the total participants, only 239 (56.1%) reported for follow-up visits. Majority had at least one visit; about a third had two, while others had three or four and above visits. About 43.2% of those at follow-up visits had complaints. The commonest (37.5%) complaint was menstrual irregularity. Other complaints were cramping abdominal pain (22.2%), vaginal discharge (19.6%), amenorrhoea (10.3%), penile discomfort during sexual intercourse (4.3%) expulsion of IUD (3.8%) and 2.2% of missing IUD. Conclusion This audit shows that new IUD acceptors are largely referred by health care providers and are mainly offered the TCu380A version. Community outreach programmes as alternative strategy is likely to boost the uptake of this particular method in Nigeria. Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLIENTS | ACCEPTORS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | CONTRACEPTION | IUD | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Planning | Contraceptive Methods | Health Services Evaluation Document Number: 339901 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: Innovations and challenges in reducing maternal mortality in Tamil Nadu, India. Author: Padmanaban P; Raman PS; Mavalankar DV Source: Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition. 2009 Apr;27(2):202-19. Abstract: Although India has made slow progress in reducing maternal mortality, progress in Tamil Nadu has been rapid. This case study documents how Tamil Nadu has taken initiatives to improve maternal health services leading to reduction in maternal morality from 380 in 1993 to 90 in 2007. Various initiatives include establishment of maternal death registration and audit, establishment and certification of comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn-care centres, 24-hour x 7-day delivery services through posting of three staff nurses at the primary health centre level, and attracting medical officers to rural areas through incentives in terms of reserved seats in postgraduate studies and others. This is supported by the better management capacity at the state and district levels through dedicated public-health officers. Despite substantial progress, there is some scope for further improvement of quality of infrastructure and services. The paper draws out lessons for other states and countries in the region. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | MATERNAL MORTALITY | WOMEN'S STATUS | MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES | NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | OBSTETRICS | EMERGENCY SERVICES | HUMAN RESOURCES | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | ABORTION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Medicine | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception Document Number: 341934 Notification |
| 19. Title: Making family planning accessible in resource-poor settings. Author: Prata N Source: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 2009 Oct 27;364(1532):3093-9. Abstract: It is imperative to make family planning more accessible in low resource settings. The poorest couples have the highest fertility, the lowest contraceptive use and the highest unmet need for contraception. It is also in the low resource settings where maternal and child mortality is the highest. Family planning can contribute to improvements in maternal and child health, especially in low resource settings where overall access to health services is limited. Four critical steps should be taken to increase access to family planning in resource-poor settings: (i) increase knowledge about the safety of family planning methods; (ii) ensure contraception is genuinely affordable to the poorest families; (iii) ensure supply of contraceptives by making family planning a permanent line item in healthcare system's budgets and (iv) take immediate action to remove barriers hindering access to family planning methods. In Africa, there are more women with an unmet need for family planning than women currently using modern methods. Making family planning accessible in low resource settings will help decrease the existing inequities in achieving desired fertility at individual and country level. In addition, it could help slow population growth within a human rights framework. The United Nations Population Division projections for the year 2050 vary between a high of 10.6 and a low of 7.4 billion. Given that most of the growth is expected to come from today's resource-poor settings, easy access to family planning could make a difference of billions in the world in 2050. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | NEEDS | OBSTACLES | POVERTY | INEQUALITIES | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | POPULATION GROWTH | MATERNAL MORTALITY | Family Planning | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Mortality Document Number: 342846 |
| 20. Title: Management capacity assessment for national health programs: a study of RCH program in India. Author: Ramani KV; Mavalankar D Source: Journal of Health Organization and Management. 2009;23(1):133-42. Abstract: PURPOSE: This paper aims to focus on the management capacity assessment of the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) program at the state level. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Based on an extensive literature survey, and discussions with senior officers in charge of RCH program at the central and state level, the authors have developed a conceptual framework for management capacity assessment. Central to their framework are a few determinants of management capacity, a set of indicators to estimate these determinants, and a management capacity assessment tool to be administered by each state. A pilot survey of the management tool in a few states helped the authors to refine each instrument and finalize the same. A suitable management structure is suggested for effective management of the RCH program based on the population in each state. FINDINGS: The assessment brought out the need to strengthen the planning and monitoring of RCH activities, HR management practices, and inter-departmental coordination. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India has accepted the management tool and asked each state to administer it. The recommended management structure is used as a guideline by each state to identify the capacity gaps and take necessary steps to augment its management capacity. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The authors' framework to assess the management capacity of RCH program is very comprehensive, the management tool is easy to administer, and assessment of capacity gaps can be made quickly. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | EVALUATION REPORT | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | CAPACITY BUILDING | MONITORING | PLANNING | IMPLEMENTATION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Management | Program Sustainability Document Number: 341808 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Vasectomy under local anaesthesia performed free of charge as a family planning service: complications and results. Author: Trollip GS; Fisher M; Naidoo A; Theron PD; Heyns CF Source: South African Medical Journal. 2009 Apr;99(4):238-42. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of vasectomy performed under local anaesthesia by junior doctors at a secondary level hospital as part of a free family planning service. METHOD: Men requesting vasectomy were counselled and given written instructions to use alternative contraception until two semen analyses 3 and 4 months after vasectomy had confirmed azoospermia. Bilateral vasectomy was performed as an outpatient procedure under local anaesthesia by junior urology registrars. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher's exact or Spearman's rank correlation tests as appropriate. RESULTS: Between January 2004 and December 2005, 479 men underwent vasectomy at Karl Bremer Hospital, Western Cape, South Africa; their average age was 36.1 (range 21 - 66) years, they had a median of 2 (range 0 - 10) children, and only 19% had 4 or more children. The average operation time was 15.5 (range 5 - 53) minutes. Complications occurred in 12.9%; these were pain(7.3%), swelling (5.4%), haematoma (1.3%), sepsis (1%), difficulty locating the vas (1%), vasovagal episode (0.6%), bleeding (0.6%), wound rupture (0.4%) and dysuria (0.2%) (some men had more than one complication). Of the men 63.3% returned for one semen analysis and 17.5% for a second. The vasectomy failure rate ranged from 0.4% (sperm persisting > 365 days after vasectomy) to 2.3% (sperm seen > 180 days after vasectomy and/or in the second semen specimen). No pregnancies were reported. The complication (5.6%) and failure rates (0%) were lowest for the registrar who had performed the smallest number of vasectomies and whose average operation time was longest. Comparing the first one-third of procedures performed by each of the doctors with the last one-third, there was a significant decrease in average operating times but not in complication rates. CONCLUSIONS: Vasectomy can be performed safely and effectively by junior doctors as an outpatient procedure under local anaesthesia, and should be actively promoted in South Africa as a safe and effective form of male contraception. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLIENTS | VASECTOMY | ANESTHESIA | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | HOSPITALS | COMPLICATIONS | BLEEDING | PAIN | SAFETY | SURGERY | TIME FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Male Sterilization | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Facilities | Diseases | Signs and Symptoms | Public Health | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 341911 |
| 22. Title: Influence of family planning services on contraceptive failure: evidence from the Kanchanaburi demographic surveillance system. Author: Wattansupt N; Isarabhakdi P; Thongthai V; Casterline JB; Matthew SA Source: Journal of Population and Social Studies. 2009 Jan;17(2):47-82. Abstract: This study aimed to examine the effect of access to and quality of family planning services on contraceptive failure among married women in the Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System (KDSS). Data on contraceptive failure is from the contraceptive calendar of KDSS, implemented by the Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Thailand. Retrospective service provision according to the time of contraceptive calendar data obtained from “the Contextual History Calendar”. Cost weight distance and kernel density are geographic information system (GIS) techniques using for measure a spatial accessibility at the individual level and cost allocation technique is used to measure availability of contraceptive method at the nearest public health facility. Event history analysis, using the discrete-time hazard model, was applied to examine factors affecting contraceptive failure. The results indicated that statistically significant associations were found only between the likelihood of contraceptive failure and a proxy of quality of family planning services, the number of contraceptive methods provided at the nearest public health service facility. Travel time to the nearest family planning service facility and density of family planning facilities within 10 kilometers, is not statistically related to contraceptive failure. Therefore, the policy implications derived from this study is to increase the diversity of methods available in the family planning program in order to decrease the likelihood of contraceptive failure. Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | DISTANCE | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | CONTRACEPTIVE HISTORY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Geographic Factors | Health Services Evaluation | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility Document Number: 339865 |
| 23. Title: Mid-term assessment of social marketing program (2003-2008). Author: Anjum Asim Shahid Rahman Chartered Accountants Source: Islamabad, Pakistan, Anjum Asim Shahid Rahman Chartered Accountants, 2008. [156] p. Abstract: USAID is collaborating with DFID and UNFPA to support the Social Marketing program in Pakistan. This is through two programs, Greenstar Social Marketing (GS) and Key Social Marketing (KSM). USAID is providing $50 million over five years, 2003-2008, for marketing support, while DFID and UNFPA are providing $18 million to provide commodities to Greenstar Social Marketing (GS). USAID marketing support is divided between two social marketing organisations, $27m to KSM and $23m to GS. The goal of SM program is to increase contraceptive usage as measured by CYPs. The Government of Pakistan (GoP) aims to increase the modern method contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) to 35% by the end of the project, and the share provided by social marketing is expected to rise from 33% in 2003 to 45% by 2008. The two social marketing programs are now supporting 17 brands of OCs, condoms, injectables, EC and IUDs. GS markets condoms, oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptive, IUDs and 3 types of injectables. there is a need from a health perspective to more heavily promote the use of short term contraceptive methods to encourage birth spacing among married women at an earlier age. Although the SM organizations have been promoting their brands with messages which address this issue, it needs a concerted effort by GS, KSM and GoP to promote the concept of birth spacing, as opposed to long-term methods which limit family size. This should form the thrust of a generic campaign, as well as both organisations promoting their branded products. (Excerpts) Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | COUPLES | CURRENTLY MARRIED | DECISION MAKING | INFORMATION | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | COUNSELING | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Family Size | Health Services Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Family Planning Document Number: 331609 |
| 24. Title: Factors that degrade the quality of family planning services. Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: [Research Triangle Park, North Carolina], FHI, [2008]. [2] p. (Research Briefs on Family Planning Service Delivery) Abstract: A USAID-supported study from Uganda has identified some of the factors that prevent health care providers from offering high-quality family planning services. Scientists from Makerere University and Family Health International used focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with 63 providers and managers of family planning services to examine the organizational and societal barriers to high-quality services. The organizational barriers they identified include lack of supplies, overworked providers, and insufficient knowledge and skills on the part of the providers. The societal barriers include a lack of male participation in family planning, financial constraints on the part of potential clients, public misconceptions about contraceptive use, and unsupportive community leadership. Previous studies have focused on the client's perspective of quality of care. This study looked instead at how system-wide issues have profound effects on a provider's ability to deliver high-quality care. To improve the quality of family planning services that providers offer, the authors suggest that future interventions address weaknesses at the organizational and societal levels. (Full Text) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | OBSTACLES | KNOWLEDGE | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Family Planning | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception Document Number: 331699 |
| 25. Title: Long-acting and permanent methods. Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: Family Health Research. 2008 Feb;2(1):1-8. Abstract: In this issue, the authors examin the unrealized potential of long-term contraception to help family planning programs meet the needs of clients and improve public health. Long-acting and permanent methods (LAPMs) of contraception include reversible contraceptive implants and intrauterine devices (also known as intrauterine contraceptive devices, or IUCDs), as well as the permanent methods of vasectomy and female sterilization. LAPMs are the most effective modern methods for preventing unintended pregnancies. Because they are also cost-effective, increases in their use can help sustain family planning programs. But the use of LAPMs is limited in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Challenges to LAPM use persist. However, experience from Kenya and other countries suggests that comprehensive efforts to improve service delivery and to educate potential clients can increase use. And research conducted by FHI has identified ways to improve access to LAPM services. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | SUMMARY REPORT | WOMEN | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | IUD | FEMALE STERILIZATION | VASECTOMY | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Sterilization, Sexual | Male Sterilization | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation Document Number: 341180 |
| 26. Title: AWARENESS Project. Democratic Republic of Congo country report, 2003-2007. Author: Georgetown University. Institute for Reproductive Health. AWARENESS Project Source: Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, 2008 Jan. [17] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00011-00) Abstract: In 2003, the USAID Mission and the National Reproductive Health Program (PNSR) invited IRH to introduce the SDM in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The strategy focused on training providers and integrating the SDM into existing clinic, community, and pharmacy services in Kinshasa, Lubumbashi, and Bukavu, and the rural area of Katako Kombe. By 2004, 14 organizations were able to offer the SDM. CycleBeads are included in the national list of essential medicines and the five-year contraceptive security plan. The SDM is part of in-service family planning training curricula. The PNSR is developing national norms and protocols and intends to include the SDM. IRH also worked with the MOH to incorporate the SDM into national policies and logistics and reporting systems. However, the lack of overall government norms and functioning distribution and reporting systems is an obstacle requiring more comprehensive attention than the AWARENESS Project could offer. The program leveraged significant resources, as most partners paid for their own training programs and CycleBeads. The Congolese program participated in a study to determine the impact of the social marketing campaign, a general evaluation of SDM integration in the DRC. Major findings from the simulated client study showed that 89% of clinic providers gave spontaneous information on the SDM as opposed to only 38% of pharmacists; confidentiality was observed in over 70% of both clinics and pharmacies; 96% of providers in clinics told clients that CycleBeads represent a woman?s cycle while only 35% of pharmacists did so; and 7% of clinic providers attempted to convince clients to use other methods of family planning as opposed to 23% of pharmacists. The success of recent initiatives in DRC to introduce the TDM through services of an faith-based organization (FBO) suggest that this method may also be an appropriate addition to family planning services. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO | TECHNICAL REPORT | FERTILITY AWARENESS | FAMILY PLANNING, BEHAVIORAL METHODS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | SOCIAL MARKETING | CLINICAL DISTRIBUTION | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Family Planning | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Programs | Organization and Administration | Training Programs | Education | Marketing | Economic Factors | Distributional Activities | Program Activities Document Number: 327619 |
| 27. Title: AWARENESS Project. Ecuador country report, 2001-2007. Author: Georgetown University. Institute for Reproductive Health. AWARENESS Project Source: Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, 2008 Jan. [13] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00011-00) Abstract: CEMOPLAF (the Centro Médico de Orientación y Planificación) wanted to include SDM in its services in an effort to address unmet need. A pilot study showed a strong potential for the SDM to address this need and demonstrated feasibility of service provision in clinics and in the community. It also showed that clients were able to use the SDM correctly with a single counseling session. The longterm follow-up of pilot study participants continuing with the SDM demonstrated that while the majority of discontinuation during the first quarter of year one was due to cycles out of range; discontinuation during the second and third year had more to do with birth spacing and other life circumstances. Based on these results, CEMOPLAF provided training and technical input to its close partner, the MOH, and executed a social marketing program that introduced the SDM into pharmacies with mass media support. A study of the social marketing approach, conducted with the Population Council, showed awareness of the SDM increased from 4% to 34%, intention to use increased from 27% to 32%, demand for the SDM increased five-fold in pharmacies and clinics in one month during the mass media campaign, and both clinic-based providers and pharmacists provided correct information. CEMOPLAF used research results to advocate successfully for integrating the SDM into MOH norms and training curricula. Currently, the SDM is available in all CEMOPLAF and 11 MOH clinics in 11 of 22 departments. A number of local NGOs have also adopted the SDM. By including the SDM in national norms and the maternity program, the MOH committed to expanding the SDM to all its clinics by purchasing materials in exchange for training and technical assistance from CEMOPLAF. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ECUADOR | TECHNICAL REPORT | FERTILITY AWARENESS | FAMILY PLANNING, BEHAVIORAL METHODS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | SOCIAL MARKETING | CLINICAL DISTRIBUTION | Developing Countries | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Family Planning | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Programs | Organization and Administration | Training Programs | Education | Marketing | Economic Factors | Distributional Activities | Program Activities Document Number: 327620 |
| 28. Title: AWARENESS Project. Guatemala country report, 2002-2007. Author: Georgetown University. Institute for Reproductive Health. AWARENESS Project Source: Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, 2008 Jan. [21] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00011-00) Abstract: With a population of 12 million, Guatemala is the largest country in Central America. Contraceptive prevalence in 2002 was relatively low, at 43% for women aged 15-49, and was even lower among rural (under 35%) and indigenous women (24%). In 2002, the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Social Security Institute (IGGS) requested assistance from the AWARENESS Project to expand contraceptive choice through the integration of fertility awareness-based methods (FAM) into the method mix. The program functioned in USAID priority zones including the largely indigenous departments of the Altiplano (Quetzaltenango, Solola, and Huehuetenango), Santa Rosa, Chimaltenango, and Alta Verapaz. It focused primarily on building evidence for the future scale-up of the Standard Days Method® (SDM), while also assessing the effectiveness and feasibility of the TwoDay Method ® (TDM). IRH used a diversified strategy to build the evidence base for FAM and subsequently establish the necessary support and conditions for scale up. With approximately 200 trainers and 2000 trained SDM providers, Guatemala has substantial capacity for offering SDM services. In the last three years, more than 13,000 women began using the SDM, most of whom previously had not used family planning. The SDM also is supported in norms and gradually is being included in management information and logistics systems, pre- and in-service training, and communication strategies. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GUATEMALA | TECHNICAL REPORT | FERTILITY AWARENESS | FAMILY PLANNING, BEHAVIORAL METHODS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | SOCIAL MARKETING | CLINICAL DISTRIBUTION | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Family Planning | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Programs | Organization and Administration | Training Programs | Education | Marketing | Economic Factors | Distributional Activities | Program Activities Document Number: 327621 |
| 29. Title: AWARENESS Project. Mali country report, 2006-2007. Author: Georgetown University. Institute for Reproductive Health. AWARENESS Project Source: Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, 2008 Jan. [16] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00011-00) Abstract: Mali, a large, landlocked country in western sub-Saharan Africa, has high fertility and low contraceptive use. Only 8% of married women use any method of contraception, with 6% using modern methods. Its approximately 13 million people are mainly Muslim (90%), and 80% live in rural areas with limited access to family planning services. The total fertility rate was seven children per woman in 2006, compared to an average of five in Africa. The government of Mali (GOM) actively promotes family planning and contraceptive security as part of improving quality of life. Unlike other countries in the AWARENESS Project, the GOM committed to national integration of the Standard Days Method® (SDM) without undertaking a pilot study. A relative newcomer to the AWARENESS Project, Mali began implementing project activities in 2006, utilizing the SDM and LAM as an approach to repositioning family planning. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GUATEMALA | TECHNICAL REPORT | FERTILITY AWARENESS | FAMILY PLANNING, BEHAVIORAL METHODS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | PROGRAM EVALUATION | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | CAPACITY BUILDING | AWARENESS | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Family Planning | Education | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Training Programs | Program Sustainability | Knowledge Document Number: 327639 |
| 30. Title: AWARENESS Project. Nicaragua country report, 2003-2007. Author: Georgetown University. Institute for Reproductive Health. AWARENESS Project Source: Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, 2008 Jan. [18] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00011-00) Abstract: In 2003, IRH and MSH formed a partnership to support the Nicaragua Ministry of Health (MOH) in incorporating the standard days method (SDM) into its family planning services. The integration and sustainability plan focused on five strategic areas: training, commodities, services, research, and advocacy. The Strategy for Community Delivery of Contraceptive Supplies in communities with poor access guided the SDM initiative. This national strategy aimed to increase access to services in areas with low coverage relative to demand. IRH and MSH presented the SDM to MOH officials as a viable option to increase contraceptive options and improve overall family planning services in the country. The MOH accepted the proposal for implementation, with the condition that the team first carry out a demonstration study. One of the project objectives was to increase the quality and availability of family planning. Part of IRH's mission is to support governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the incorporation of fertility awareness-based methods into existing programs. IRH, therefore, provided technical assistance to MSH in Nicaragua for training; an initial donation of CycleBeads® and information, education, and communication (IEC) materials; and design support for a local strategy to ensure SDM sustainability in the public sector and NGO programs. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: NICARAGUA | SUMMARY REPORT | FERTILITY AWARENESS | FAMILY PLANNING, BEHAVIORAL METHODS | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | AWARENESS | CAPACITY BUILDING | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | IMPLEMENTATION | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Family Planning | Health | Training Programs | Education | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation Document Number: 327640 |
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