1.  Peer Reviewed Title: The Critical Reading Question of the MFSRH Examination. Author: Baird A Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2008;34(1):35. Abstract: The Critical Reading Question (CRQ) paper is an integral component of the Membership of the Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare (MFSRH) Part 2 Examination [previously the Membership of the Faculty of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care (MFFP) Examination]. It usually consists of three pieces for candidates to read, with five to ten questions per piece. The marks account for 30% of the Part 2 Examination. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | HEALTH PERSONNEL | FACULTY | SCHOOLS | TEACHING MATERIALS | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | TESTING | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | FAMILY PLANNING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Education | Management | Organization and Administration | Measurement | Research Methodology | Training Programs Document Number: 323389 |
| 2. Title: HIV- and AIDS-related (mis)perceptions and (non)responses of school principals in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Author: Wood L; Webb P Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2008 May;7(1):111-121. Abstract: Despite various HIV and AIDS training programmes offered for educators by the South African Department of Education, little has been achieved at the level of management in terms of creating a wider understanding of the social and cultural complexities of the condition and its impact on the quality of teaching and learning. Specifically, there is a lack of developmental programmes to help school principals provide leadership that can ensure that teachers and children who live in a context affected by the disease will still find themselves in a school environment of quality, care and compassion. With this in mind, we conducted a qualitative research enquiry among a sample of 12 school principals in the Eastern Cape Province in order to discover their perceptions about the impacts of HIV and AIDS on their schools and to learn how they have responded to the corresponding challenges. Our intention was to use the findings primarily to inform the development of an academic programme and short courses to empower school principals and leadership in this regard, but the findings may also be relevant as a guide for research on a larger scale. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | FACULTY | SCHOOLS | MISINFORMATION | HIV | AIDS | PERCEPTION | HEALTH EDUCATION | MANAGEMENT | CULTURE | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | QUALITY CONTROL | NONRESPONDENTS | CURRICULUM | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Education | Communication | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Organization and Administration | Error Sources | Measurement Document Number: 327164 |
| 3. Title: Effect of a school health programme on ensuring safe environments for primary school children. Author: Adegbenro CA Source: Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health. 2007;127(1):29-32. Abstract: The school health programme (SHP), which focuses on promoting safe environments for school children, has not been given proper attention in Nigeria. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of SHP on ensuring safe environments for primary school children. The study was conducted in ten primary schools in Ife-Central Local Government Area (IFLGA) of Osun State, Nigeria. The ten schools were those that are used by medical students of Obafemi Awolowo University for their clinical rotation posting in Community Health. Hence, these students were used as research assistants. The study employed experimental design and an observational checklist was used to collect data. The project was carried out over a period of three years from 2002-2005. During this period, the students carried out some aspects of SHP by constantly giving health talks to pupils and school personnel on the promotion of optimum sanitary condition in schools. Data were collected on existing facilities in schools and behavioural practices that can promote safe environments both pre- and post-intervention by the SHP. Comparing the two results showed that a well organized and properly executed SHP can be used to create safe environments for school children. The study recommends that the SHP should be implemented in all primary schools in Nigeria. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | RESEARCH REPORT | EXPERIMENTAL MODELS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | CHILDREN | FACULTY | MEDICAL STUDENTS | SCHOOL AGE POPULATION | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | SAFETY | ENVIRONMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Studies | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Education | Students | Schools | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Public Health | Health Document Number: 322705 |
4.  Peer Reviewed Title: Mapping Africa's advanced public health education capacity: The AfriHealth project. Author: IJsselmuiden CB; Nchinda TC; Duale S; Tumwesigye NM; Serwadda D Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2007 Dec;85(12):914-922. Abstract: Literature on human resources for health in Africa has focused on personal health services. Little is known about graduate public health education. This paper maps "advanced" public health education in Africa. Public health includes all professionals needed to manage and optimize health systems and the public's health. Data were collected through questionnaires and personal visits to departments, institutes and schools of community medicine or public health. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. For more than 900 million people, there are fewer than 500 full-time staff, around two-thirds of whom are male. More men (89%) than women (72%) hold senior degrees. Over half (55%) of countries do not have any postgraduate public health programme. This shortage is most severe in lusophone and francophone Africa. The units offering public health programmes are small: 81% have less than 20 staff, and 62% less than 10. On the other hand, over 80% of Africans live in countries where at least one programme is available, and there are six larger schools with over 25 staff. Programmes are often narrowly focused on medical professionals, but "open" programmes are increasing in number. Public health education and research are not linked. Africa urgently needs a plan for developing its public health education capacity. Lack of critical mass seems a key gap to be addressed by strengthening subregional centres, each of which should provide programmes to surrounding countries. Research linked to public health education and to educational institutions needs to increase. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | STUDENTS | FACULTY | SCHOOLS, PUBLIC HEALTH | ACADEMIC TRAINING | CAPACITY BUILDING | Developing Countries | Education | Schools | Training Programs | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 323448 |
| 5. Title: The status of postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynaecology in Pakistan [editorial] Author: Pal SA Source: Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. 2007 Jun;57(6):276-277. Abstract: Till recently, most of the teaching Faculty and Consultant Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in Pakistan were trained in UK or USA. Now fewer and fewer foreign trained Obstetricians and Gynaecologists return to Pakistan, and even upon their return find it difficult to find appropriate job opportunities where they might pass on their recently acquired skills to local trainees. Most are lured to more lucrative job offers in the middle east where female Obstetricians and Gynaecologists are in great demand, and hence potential new trainers with experience of working in UK and USA will not be able to our traineest. The problem is compounded by the fact that opportunities for training abroad are drying up with the formation of the European Union (EU) resulting in decreased posts in the UK for non-EU doctors. The post 9/11 scenario has made it increasingly difficult for Pakistani doctors to obtain working visas for USA, as well as most other developed countries where they might have sought training. As these alternative avenues are drying up , attention needs to be paid to opportunities at home, and developing them. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | CRITIQUE | FACULTY | MEDICAL STUDENTS | OBSTETRICS | GYNECOLOGY | ACADEMIC TRAINING | PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT | SEX FACTORS | MATERNITY BENEFITS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Education | Students | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Training Programs | Management | Organization and Administration | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 317917 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Problems and progress in public health education. Author: Petrakova A; Sadana R Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2007 Dec;85(12):963-970. Abstract: Further development of public health education is critical to improve population health globally. A debate on the relevance and direction of some 400 schools of public health and many other related institutions around the world is therefore timely. Some argue that most public health schools set up in low-income countries blindly follow their counterparts in high-income countries, reproducing classroom-based teaching, churning out epidemiologists with limited understanding of how to work within a health system to address local needs or how to align multiple partners towards population and equity health objectives. Others argue that schools in high-income countries focus on the science, whereas those in low-income countries plagued with resource constraints focus exclusively on the art. This round table discussion asks deans and directors of schools of public health from around the world to identify innovations in public health training, research and practice that will render schools relevant to health and development challenges. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPED COUNTRIES | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | FACULTY | SCHOOLS, PUBLIC HEALTH | ACADEMIC TRAINING | CURRICULUM | CAPACITY BUILDING | Education | Schools | Training Programs | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 323502 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Teaching global health at the frontlines: A multidisciplinary course in Peru presents basic concepts to students. Author: Villafuerte-Galvez J; Curioso WH Source: PLoS Medicine. 2007;4(6):e130. Abstract: Global health is a challenge to define, and even more of a challenge to improve. A broad definition of global health is given by the United States Institute of Medicine as "health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries, may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions". Most medical students in rich countries think that there should be more teaching on global health issues, and many have led the way in calling for global health to be included in their curriculum. Little is known, however, about the experiences of teaching and learning about global health in medical schools in developing countries, which are in the frontlines of global health problems. The experience of learning about global health in a developing country such as Peru is best described by the motto of the Gorgas International Post-Graduate Course taught at the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) every year: "Teaching tropical medicine in the tropics". UPCH and its collaborators have long recognized that infectious diseases training and research needs to be both hands-on and conducted in the actual context where public health challenges are encountered, enabling realistic evaluation and problem solving. This essay discusses, from the point of view of a fourth-year medical student and a research professor, a one-week course on global health held at UPCH, which included a one-day road trip to the mining town of La Oroya near Ticlio, 15,610 feet above sea level in the Peruvian Andes. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | PERU | CRITIQUE | MEDICAL STUDENTS | FACULTY | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | HEALTH EDUCATION | CURRICULUM | PUBLIC HEALTH | POVERTY | HEALTH SERVICES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Students | Education | Schools | Health | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 317558 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Integrating sexual and reproductive rights into the medical curriculum. Author: Haslegrave M Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2006 Jun;20(3):433-445. Abstract: All individuals and couples are entitled to enjoy reproductive rights, which are guaranteed through human rights that are already recognized in national laws, international human rights documents and other consensus documents. Indeed, they are essential for the attainment of the goal of the International Conference on Population and Development Goal of universal access to reproductive health through the primary healthcare system by 2015. However, reproductive rights are usually absent from the undergraduate curriculum in medical schools. This chapter examines the components that should be included in the curriculum, and ways in which reproductive rights can be integrated into medical education. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | TEACHING MATERIALS | MEDICAL STUDENTS | FACULTY | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | CURRICULUM | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Students | Education | Schools | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health Document Number: 310249 |
| 9. Title: Adolescent health and development in nursing and midwifery education. Author: Keeney GB; Cassata L; McElmurry BJ Author: World Health Organization [WHO]. Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development Source: Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization [WHO], 2004. [63] p. (WHO/ EIP/HRH/NUR/2004.1WHO/ FCH/ CAH/04.4) Abstract: One in five people in the world today are adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age, and 85% of adolescents live in developing countries. Throughout the world, adolescence is considered to be a time of relative health and, as a result, a wide range of adolescent health issues is being neglected. In response to this need, the World Health Organization (WHO) departments of Child and Adolescent Health and Development (CAH) and Human Resources for Health (HRH) embarked on an initiative to focus on adolescent health and development by strengthening the educational preparation of nurses and midwives. Nurses and midwives are in a unique position by virtue of their education, numbers, and diversity of practice arenas to contribute to promoting the highest attainable standard of health among adolescents. Preparing providers to meet adolescents' health needs is a challenge requiring planned educational experiences within the nursing and midwifery curriculum. Integrating adolescent health and development into pre-service nursing and midwifery curricula provides the background for identifying core competencies and for the integration of essential content into curricula. This background paper and accompanying tools provide the foundation for the work of a global partnership of WHO Collaborating Centres to achieve the aims of this vital initiative. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | MANUAL | FACULTY | NURSES AND NURSING | NURSE-MIDWIVES | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | CURRICULUM | IMPLEMENTATION | WHO | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | KNOWLEDGE | CULTURE | Education | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Health Services Document Number: 294350 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: Everett Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations theory: it's utility and value in public health. Author: Moseley ST Source: Journal of Health Communication. 2004 Jun;9 Suppl 1:149-151. Abstract: One of the reasons that the Diffusion of Innovations is one of the most cited books in the social sciences is that Ev has been constantly reworking and expanding the framework, moving his thinking in different directions. One direction has been in the application of the framework. He has taken diffusion of innovations concepts and profitably put them to work in international development, with fertility and family planning as one of the more prominent areas where he and his thinking have made important contributions. More recently he has been working in the applied fields of nutrition education and substance abuse. But the diffusion of innovation framework has also evolved and expanded theoretically, from early models of communication process that tended to be linear and ‘‘individual,’’ to more interactive models of communication in which participants create and share information to arrive at mutual understandings of new values, new concepts, and new practices. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | FACULTY | STUDENTS | PUBLIC HEALTH | DIFFUSION | COMMUNICATION | SOCIAL SCIENCES | EDUCATION | EDUCATIONAL METHODS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Health | Educational Activities Document Number: 190727 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Introducing operations research into management and policy practices of a non-governmental organization (NGO): a partnership between an Indian leprosy NGO and an international academic institution. Author: Porter JD; Ogden JA; Rao PR; Rao VP; Rajesh D Source: Health Policy and Planning. 2004;19(2):80-87. Abstract: This paper reports on a partnership between LEPRA, a non-governmental organization (NGO), and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) to explore the feasibility and appropriateness of incorporating operations research into the management and decision-making of a leprosy NGO. A pilot study in Orissa was used to determine the advantages and disadvantages of introducing operations research to assist in decision-making and programme implementation within the organization. The results highlight the difficulty and complexity of the process, but point to several important themes: partnership, changing perspectives, use of time and priority-setting, identification of gaps in systems, and building institutional and personal capabilities. The results of the study provide support to encourage NGOs to become actively involved in research. Because of their work and service to local communities, NGOs have the opportunity to collect information about the perceptions, resources and constraints of individuals, families and the communities themselves in accessing appropriate care. Their proximity to communities gives them a feeling of responsibility for ensuring that this information is translated to the district, national and ultimately international level. This will help to ensure the creation of appropriate infectious disease control policies that support the needs of patients. ‘Outside’ academic institutions can help NGOs to facilitate this up-stream flow of information from the local to the national and international level, to help to ensure that international disease control policies are appropriately serving local communities. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | PILOT PROJECTS | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | FACULTY | LEPROSY | COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL | UNIVERSITIES | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology | Studies | Organizations | Education | Bacterial and Fungal Diseases | Infections | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Schools | Training Programs Document Number: 191107 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: A prospective and retrospective look at the diffusion model. Author: Rogers EM Source: Journal of Health Communication. 2004 Jun;9 Suppl 1:13-19. Abstract: The purpose of this article is to retrace the historical background of the diffusion of innovations model, and its evolution, and to speculate about the future of this theory. I was an active participant in this history, which began with early applications of the diffusion model to U.S. agriculture in the 1950s. I later helped transfer the diffusion model to the field of public health and to other fields. Through the past five decades, I have been an enthusiast for the generalizability of the diffusion model. My view of the history detailed here is necessarily focused on what I have personally experienced and observed, and thus it may be limited in certain ways. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | IOWA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | FACULTY | DIFFUSION | COMMUNICATION | DECISION MAKING | ACCEPTANCE PROCESS | AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Education | Behavior | Rural Development | Economic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 190723 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Academic medicine as a resource for global health: the case of Brazil. Author: Schmidt MI; Duncan BB Source: BMJ. British Medical Journal. 2004;329:753-754. Abstract: The world has witnessed enormous changes in population health in recent years. The main sources of disease burden are now noncommunicable diseases, and death and injury from external causes such as accidents, homicide, and suicide. This shift has demanded entirely new organisational structures and expertise within the health sector at a time of great increase in technology and, consequently, in health costs. These changes have been especially difficult to assimilate in developing countries, which must also continue to deal with a large burden of communicable diseases such as AIDS. To overcome these challenges, the World Health Report 2003 recommends strengthening health systems by centring action on primary health care and by integrating health promotion and disease prevention across all levels of care on behalf of the entire population. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | MEDICAL STUDENTS | FACULTY | HEALTH PERSONNEL | ACADEMIC TRAINING | UNIVERSITIES | NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES | PUBLIC HEALTH | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Students | Education | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Training Programs | Schools | Health Services Document Number: 275655 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Academic medicine and global health responsibilities. Author: Sewankambo N Source: BMJ. British Medical Journal. 2004;329:752-753. Abstract: The launch of the campaign by the BMJ and a range of partners to revitalize academic medicine is extremely welcome at this time when the effects of globalisation on health (and vice versa) are being felt more than ever. In my seven years as dean of the progressive Makerere University Medical School I have seen the faculty become increasingly disillusioned about the prospects of a career in medicine. National and global pressures have reduced available resources considerably, making it much harder for the medical school to support the different pillars of academic medicine. We must champion excellent scholarship in academic medicine—the discovery of knowledge, the practice of teaching, and the integration and application of knowledge—while ensuring that the needs and interests of Uganda’s communities are adequately served. Academic medicine must show that, in its pursuit of the different aspects of scholarship, its relevance to society’s needs is still of paramount importance. This is vital if academic medicine is to continue to influence global health and, moreover, if it is to retain the sympathy and support of its partners. The number of partners influencing academic medicine—particularly in less developed countries—now includes national and regional governments, multilateral development agencies, non-profit private organisations, foundations, development banks, development assistance agencies, professional bodies, public and private academic institutions, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and other private sector companies, and consulting agencies. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | MEDICAL STUDENTS | FACULTY | HEALTH PERSONNEL | ACADEMIC TRAINING | UNIVERSITIES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | HUMAN RESOURCES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Students | Education | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Training Programs | Schools | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Health Services Evaluation Document Number: 275654 |
| 15. Title: Teaching gender, development, and cultural change from an interdisciplinary perspective: problems and prospects. Author: Burnell B Source: Women's Studies Quarterly. 2003;(3-4):276-292. Abstract: The College of Wooster adopted a new curriculum, A Wooster Education, that went into effect in the fall of 2001. An important feature of the new curriculum is to make interdisciplinarity a central focus through support of the Program in Interdisciplinary Study (PIDS). Faculty members were asked to propose courses that would be team taught (with full course credit for each faculty member) and to design courses that had no prerequisites. The lack of prerequisites was intended to attract as many students as possible to the course, with the hope that a large fraction of the student body would come to appreciate and critically evaluate the role that interdisciplinary study plays in a liberal arts education. In this article, I first describe the process by which my co-teacher Pamela Frese and I designed the course, and then I discuss the course itself. I will also suggest some of the ways in which we might change the course when it is offered again. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | TEACHING MATERIALS | INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | STUDENTS | FACULTY | GENDER ISSUES | CURRICULUM | CULTURE | UNIVERSITIES | FEMINISM | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | SHORT-TERM COURSES | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Education | Schools | Policy | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Training Programs Document Number: 186715 |
| 16. Title: Status of women in small academic medical communities: case study of the Zagreb University School of Medicine. Author: Danic A; Hadzibegovic I; Loparic M Source: Croatian Medical Journal. 2003;44(1):32-35. Abstract: The aim was to analyze the proportion of women among student and teaching bodies of the Zagreb University School of Medicine between 1950 and 2000. The data on medical school graduates from the Zagreb University School of Medicine between 1950 and 2000 were collected from the archive of the School. The data on the School's teaching staff between 1950 and 2000 were collected from the Archive of the Zagreb University. The data collected were the number of women among graduate students, grade average of medical school graduates, and the number of women within different faculty ranks among the teaching staff. The proportion of women among medical school graduates increased from 26% to 67% during the last 50 years. The grades showed significant inflation between 1970 and 1990. In 1990 and 2000, men had significantly higher grades than women. The proportion of female teaching staff increased during the same period from 28% to 34%. The proportion of assistants was significantly higher among female teaching staff in every studied year. The proportion of professors among male and female teaching staff increased at the same rate until 1990, when the proportion of male professors decreased because of the decrease in the absolute number of male professors. Women in Croatia are beginning to advance in academic medicine although the number of women among the teaching staff is far smaller than that of men, most probably because of delayed entrance of women into academic medicine. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CROATIA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | MEDICAL STUDENTS | FACULTY | PHYSICIANS | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | WOMEN'S STATUS | SOCIAL CHANGE | INEQUALITIES | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Students | Education | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Schools | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 294436 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: The economic impact of HIV / AIDS on the education sector in Zambia. Author: Grassly NC; Desai K; Pegurri E; Sikazwe A; Malambo I Source: AIDS. 2003 May 2;17(7):1039-1044. Abstract: Objectives: To estimate and project the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on the supply of education in Zambia. Design: An analysis of the financial implications of HIV/AIDS for the Ministry of Education (MoE) and donors funding education in Zambia. Methods: A mathematical model was used to project the number of primary school teachers and their HIV status under current plans for teacher training and recruitment. Cost data were compiled from the MoE, the Teacher Education Department, teacher training colleges and the donor consortium BESSIP (Basic Education Sub-Sector Investment Programme). Multivariate sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: The impact of HIV/AIDS on the supply of primary education imply costs to the MoE and BESSIP estimated at US$1.3–3.1 million in 1999, and projected at $10.6–41.3 million over the period 1999–2010. These costs include salaries paid to teachers absent as a result of HIV-associated illness (71%), additional training of teachers to cope with AIDS-related attrition (22%) and funeral costs contractually met by the MoE (7%). They do not include the additional costs of an active care and prevention response by the MoE, or the burden of ensuring enrolment of AIDS orphans. The annual cost of HIV/AIDS is a relatively small fraction of the overall MoE budget (2.5% in 1999) but has substantial implications for resource allocation to some functions. Expenditure on teacher training will need to increase by 26% if Education for All targets are to be met in the face of AIDS. Conclusions: HIV/AIDS has significant implications for resource allocation in the education sector in Zambia. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | FACULTY | SCHOOLS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | MORBIDITY | INCOME | RESOURCE ALLOCATION | ECONOMIC CONDITIONS | IMPACT | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Education | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Financial Activities | Macroeconomic Factors | Communication Document Number: 178202 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: Patrifocal concerns in the lives of women in academic science: continuity of tradition and emerging challenges. Author: Gupta N; Sharma AK Source: Indian Journal of Gender Studies. 2003 May-Aug;10(2):279-305. Abstract: This paper examines the social milieu of women academic scientists, parental influence in decision making in regard to the career of their daughters, parents’ expectations, importance of marriage and the criteria involved therein. The support of parents and spouse are vital for the success of women scientists. Nevertheless, the “dual burden” has an impact on professional work, and the consequent redefinition of “success” is clearly a product of patrifocal social structures and ideology. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN'S STATUS | FACULTY | UNIVERSITIES | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | PATRIARCHY | FEMALE ROLE | MALE ROLE | PARENTS | SPOUSE | ATTITUDES | MARRIAGE | HOUSEWORK | PUBLIC OPINION | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | EXTENDED FAMILY | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Education | Schools | Technology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Social Behavior | Behavior | Family Relationships | Psychological Factors | Nuptiality | Microeconomic Factors | Socioeconomic Status Document Number: 185746 |
| 19. Title: Gender in medicine - an issue for women only? A survey of physician teachers' gender attitudes. Author: Risberg G; Johansson EE; Westman G; Hamberg K Source: International Journal for Equity in Health. 2003 Nov 5;2(10):[8] p.. Abstract: During the last decades research has disclosed gender differences and gender bias in different fields of academic and clinical medicine. Consequently, a gender perspective has been asked for in medical curricula and medical education. However, in reports about implementation attempts, difficulties and reluctance have been described. Since teachers are key persons when introducing new issues we surveyed physician teachers' attitudes towards the importance of gender in professional relations. We also analyzed if gender of the physician is related to these attitudes. Questionnaires were sent to all 468 senior physicians (29 % women), at the clinical departments and in family medicine, engaged in educating medical students at a Swedish university. They were asked to rate, on five visual analogue scales, the importance of physician and patient gender in consultation, of physician and student gender in clinical tutoring, and of physician gender in other professional encounters. Differences between women and men were estimated by chi-2 tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The response rate was 65 %. The physicians rated gender more important in consultation than in clinical tutoring. There were significant differences between women and men in all investigated areas also when adjusting for speciality, age, academic degree and years in the profession. A higher proportion of women than men assessed gender as important in professional relationships. Those who assessed very low were all men while both men and women were represented among those with high ratings. To implement a gender perspective in medical education it is necessary that both male and female teachers participate and embrace gender aspects as important. To facilitate implementation and to convince those who are indifferent, this study indicates that special efforts are needed to motivate men. We suggest that men with an interest in gender issues should be involved in this work. Further research is needed to find out how such male-oriented endeavours should be outlined. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SWEDEN | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | WOMEN | MEN | PHYSICIANS | FACULTY | GENDER ISSUES | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | ATTITUDE | Europe, Northern | Europe | Developed Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Education | Schools | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 289654 |
| 20. Title: Tuberculosis control core curriculum for Philippine medical schools. Part I: Needs assessment survey on the integration of TB Control-DOTS. Author: Roa CC Jr; Atienza MA Source: Manila, Philippines, Chemonics International, Philippine TIPS, 2003 May 14. [218] p. (USAID Contract No. 492-C-00-02-00031-00) Abstract: In the late 1990s the Philippine College of Chest Physicians Council on Tuberculosis did some groundwork on enhancing TB education in medical schools. As a follow-up initiative to these works, the Philippine Coalition Against Tuberculosis (PhilCAT) jointly sponsored with APMC a workshop on TB in medical education in 1999. Thereafter a Task Force on TB medical education was formed in 2001. A major TB project was awarded by USAID to the Chemonics International in October 2002. Under this project called the Philippine Initiatives in the Private Sector (Phil. TIPS), the design and development of a TB DOTS syllabus was conducted. Short-term technical assistance consultants were asked to develop the project which consists of 3 parts, the needs assessment survey, the curricular design and the teaching-learning resources and modules as well as the evaluation too; To build the baseline data on how TB control-DOTS could be integrated in Philippine medical schools, this needs assessment study was conducted. This project hoped to determine how TB controls and not just TB disease management is being covered in the curriculum of Philippine medical schools. The ultimate goal was to identify areas where knowledge, attitude and skills on controlling TB could be most appropriately strengthened and integrated with particular reference to the directly observed therapy short-course (DOTS) treatment. Such areas are proposed in a separate TB core curriculum for medical schools to adopt. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | KAP SURVEYS | MEDICAL STUDENTS | FACULTY | ACADEMIC TRAINING | CURRICULUM | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | TUBERCULOSIS | COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL | DRUGS | PERCEPTION | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Students | Education | Training Programs | Evaluation | Infections | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Treatment | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 278903 |
| 21. Title: Institutionalization of reproductive health preservice education in the Philippines: an evaluation of programmatic efforts, 1987-1998. Author: Pons M; Rawlins B; Brechin SJ Source: Baltimore, Maryland, JHPIEGO, 2002 Feb. [37] p. (JHP-16) Abstract: It is important to JHPIEGO to examine the results of country programs after its assistance has ended. In February 2001, JHPIEGO conducted an evaluation to assess the effectiveness of an 11-year program (1987 to 1998) to strengthen preservice nursing and midwifery education in the Philippines. The objectives were to determine the extent to which program interventions had remained in place in the 3 years since the end of the program, and to assess the institutionalization of the interventions. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | EVALUATION REPORT | NURSE-MIDWIVES | FACULTY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | TRAINING PROGRAMS | INSTITUTION BUILDING | CAPACITY BUILDING | CURRICULUM | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Education | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 183291 |
| 22. Title: Increasing access to reproductive health information in low-resource settings: evaluation of a technology-assisted learning center in La Paz, Bolivia. [Ampliación del acceso a la información sobre salud reproductiva en entornos de escasos recursos: evaluación de un centro de aprendizaje asistido con tecnología en La Paz, Bolivia] Author: Schenck-Yglesias C; Norton TC; Sacknoff D; Sánchez M; Brechin SJ Source: [Baltimore, Maryland], JHPIEGO, 2002 Jul. [62] p. (JHP-19) Abstract: In 1995, JHPIEGO began addressing the need for reproductive health faculty and trainers in developing countries to stay up to date in their field and communicate with colleagues by providing a suite of technology services called Performance Support Services. These services included a website (Reproductive Health Online or ReproLine, http:/Iwww.reproline.ihu.edu), email discussion list, training e-newsletter and online learning modules. While these services benefited faculty and trainers that already used computers and the Internet, they pointed to the need for wider access to electronic tools among healthcare professionals, educators and trainers. For this reason, JHPIEGO began establishing Technology Assisted Learning Centers (TALCs) in selected institutions within which it works. The TALC at the Universidad Mayor de San Andres (UMSA), La Paz, Bolivia grew out of the collaboration in which JHPIEGO and UMSA were seeking technical solutions for preservice education to reach large numbers of students. (excerpt) Spanish Abstract: En 1995, el Programa de Johns Hopkins de Educación Internacional en Salud Reproductiva (JHPIEGO, Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Reproductive Health) comenzó a atender la necesidad de docentes e instructores en salud reproductiva de los países en vías de desarrollo con respecto a mantenerse actualizados en su campo y de comunicarse con colegas mediante la prestación de una serie de servicios tecnológicos denominados Servicios de Apoyo al Desempeño. Estos servicios incluían un sitio en línea (Reproductive Health Online o ReproLine, http:/Iwww.reproline.ihu.edu), una lista de debate por correo electrónico, un boletín informativo electrónico de capacitación y módulos de instrucción en línea. Si bien estos servicios beneficiaron a los docentes e instructores que ya utilizaban computadoras e Internet, se orientaban a la necesidad de un acceso más amplio a las herramientas electrónicas por parte de los profesionales, los educadores y los instructores de atención de la salud. Por este motivo, JHPIEGO comenzó a establecer los Centros de Aprendizaje Asistidos por Tecnología (CAAT) en instituciones escogidas dentro de las cuales opera. Estos centros y la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), La Paz, Bolivia surgieron de la colaboración por la que JHPIEGO y UMSA buscaban soluciones técnicas para que la educación previa a los servicios llegara a un elevado número de alumnos. (extracto) Language: English Keywords: BOLIVIA | TECHNICAL REPORT | EVALUATION | MEDICAL STUDENTS | FACULTY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EDUCATIONAL METHODS | INFORMATION CENTERS | INTERNET | LIBRARIES | Developing Countries | South America, Central | South America | Latin America | Americas | Students | Education | Health | Educational Activities | Communication | Information Networks Document Number: 183294 |
| 23. Title: The impact of HIV / AIDS on the University of the Western Cape. A report for the Association for the Development of Education in Africa. Author: Barnes T Source: Paris, France, Association for the Development of Education in Africa [ADEA], Working Group on Higher Education [WGHE], 2000 Nov. 49 p. Abstract: The growing HIV/AIDS pandemic has already had a marked impact on higher education and will continue to do so as the disease intensifies. This, in turn, will have multiple effects on society, particularly in developing countries where the incidence is so high. Higher education institutions therefore have a crucial role to play in developing effective mechanisms to deal with this impact both within the academy and in surrounding society. In the light of this, this study was commissioned by the Working Group on Higher Education of the Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA). The investigation forms part of eight case studies of how HIV/AIDS affects some individual universities in Africa and how these institutions have developed responses and coping mechanisms. The aim of these case studies is to develop an understanding of how the disease is affecting universities and to identify responses of staff, students and management that will help develop effective policies and practices in other institutions facing similar circumstances. The central research questions are: 1. In what ways have the universities concerned been affected by HIV/AIDS? 2. How have the universities reacted to these impacts? 3. What steps are the universities taking to control and limit the further spread of the disease on their campuses? 4. What HIV/AID-related teaching, research, publication and advisory services have the universities undertaken? 5. How do the universities propose to anticipate and address the larger impact of HIV/AIDS on the national labour market for university graduates? Should university access, including via distance education, be consciously increased to compensate for expected national losses in skilled professional personnel? (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | FOCUS GROUPS | STUDENTS | FACULTY | UNIVERSITIES | HIV PREVENTION | ATTITUDES | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | SEX DISCRIMINATION | RAPE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Education | Schools | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Problems | Crime Document Number: 195695 |
| 24. Title: One step up, two down: women in higher education management in Southeast Asia. Author: Luke C Source: In: Academic work and life: What it is to be an academic and how this is changing, edited by Malcolm Tight. Amsterdam, Netherlands, JAI, 2000. :285-305. (International Perspectives on Higher Education Research Vol. 1) Abstract: Here I focus on women in senior management in four countries (Luke, 1997, 1998a, b, 1999b). Singapore and Hong Kong are both considered newly post-industrializing countries, yet both are without traditional 'industrial' infrastructures but function as highly westernized, financial and service sector hubs in the region. Malaysia and Thailand are considered NICs, part of the former Asian Tiger pack, and the hardest hit following the 1997 currency meltdown. Consequently, Australian overseas student enrolments and offshore program delivery dropped while, locally, student numbers and academic workloads increased, as the higher education sector in both countries sought to keep the educational baht and ringgit from flowing offshore. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SINGAPORE | MALAYSIA | HONG KONG | THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | FACULTY | WOMEN | UNIVERSITIES | MANAGEMENT | GENDER ISSUES | POLITICAL FACTORS | VALUE ORIENTATION | MARITAL STATUS | CULTURE | LEADERSHIP | ETHNIC GROUPS | SOCIAL CLASS | INEQUALITIES | WOMEN'S STATUS | Developed Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Asia, Eastern | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Organization and Administration | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Nuptiality | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 181618 |
| 25. Title: Historic meeting on "The Right to Family Planning, Contraception and Abortion in Ten World Religions" set for July in Philadelphia. Source: RELIGIOUS CONSULTATION REPORT. 1999 May;3(1):1-2. Abstract: In summer 1999, the Religious Consultation on Population, Reproductive Health, and Ethics will host a meeting of international scholars in Philadelphia for the first of 2 conferences on the right to family planning, contraception, and abortion in 10 world religions. The project is being funded by a grant from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. The Consultation project hopes to uncover and disseminate the neglected resources within religious traditions which can justify, on religious grounds, the moral right to family planning, including contraception and abortion. The project's aim is to foster the introduction and consideration of more progressive religious views on family planning, contraception, and abortion in ongoing international debates. A list of attending scholars is presented. Academic papers developed from the consultation will be published first in an academic volume, then in a popular volume targeted to policy-makers, population workers in the field, and the general public. Chapters of the popular volume will be translated into several non-English languages, and the project's scholars will maintain a permanent task force to present briefings, engage the media, and contribute to policy debates in the US, at the UN, and abroad. Language: English Keywords: PENNSYLVANIA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | UNIVERSITIES | FACULTY | RELIGION | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTION | ABORTION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Schools | Education | Fertility Control, Postconception Document Number: 142944 Notification |
| 26. Title: University of Karachi Department of Statistics: a chronicle, Vol. II. Author: Mahmood Z Source: Karachi, Pakistan, University of Karachi, Department of Statistics, 1999. 38 p. Abstract: This publication presents the Department of Statistics, University of Karachi, Pakistan. Established in 1963, it is ranked among the most popular departments and has progressed and grown in over 35 years. Since its inception, the Department of Statistics has been offering courses leading to Honors and Masters degree, as well as courses for students of other departments as minor subjects. In addition, the courses of studies framed in 1963 were revised and updated time and again, and many new courses were introduced. It is noted that the Department has seen many phases in its academic staff, has introduced a compulsory course of technical report writing, created a program for holding Statistics Seminars, and has encouraged students to participate in research-oriented activities. Moreover, it has a statistical laboratory and a seminar library to facilitate students' and teachers' work. A list of faculty members is provided, as well as a list of courses offered by the Department. Published research articles are also listed. Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | UNIVERSITIES | CURRICULUM | FACULTY | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Schools | Education Document Number: 153691 |
| 27. Title: Banning sexual asymmetry on campus. Author: Dank BM; de Albuquerque K Source: Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality. 1998 Aug 10;1:[5] p.. Abstract: In a recently completed study at the University of Massachusetts on consensual sexual relationships between female undergraduates and the University of Massachusetts employees (professors, staff, teaching assistants, etc.) only 1 out of 521 students surveyed indicated she had had a relationship with a professor (the numbers were slightly higher for other employees). The survey confirms what any careful observer of academe knows, yet some feminists insist that consensual relationships between professors and students are widespread and a serious problem necessitating extraordinary measures. One such measure is to ban all intimate relationships between students and professors (banning). On the surface, the proponents of banning with their familiar arguments about protecting innocent female students, the appearance of impropriety in faculty-student relationships, and so on, sound frighteningly reminiscent of 19th-century Puritans. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CRITIQUE | KAP SURVEYS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | STUDENTS | FACULTY | UNIVERSITIES | RAPE | FEMINISM | SEX BEHAVIOR | INEQUALITIES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Education | Schools | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 297249 |
| 28. Title: Dynamics of knowledge and attitudes about AIDS among the educated in southern India. Author: Ambati BK; Ambati J; Rao AM Source: AIDS CARE. 1997 Jun;9(3):319-30. Abstract: AIDS knowledge and attitudes among the most educated sector of the population were explored in a 1994 survey involving 433 university students and faculty from southern India (Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu) and selected research and technical staff of the Public Health Service. Although most respondents were aware that sexual intercourse (95%) and injecting drug use (85%) can transmit HIV, and that shaking hands (95%) and mosquito bites (86%) can not, 63% did not know that breast feeding is a mode of transmission and 71% incorrectly identified blood donation as an HIV risk factor. 95% knew it is impossible to identify an HIV-infected individual on the basis of appearance, but only 24% realized seropositive persons can be asymptomatic. 42% believed that those with HIV should be quarantined and 31% favored barring infected students from college classes. 90% harbored at least 1 negative view toward people with AIDS (e.g., they deserve their fate or they should kill themselves); knowledge and education independently correlated with decreased hostility. 85% agreed that AIDS is a very serious problem in India and, despite their negative attitudes toward persons with AIDS, 93% favored increased government spending on AIDS education. Overall, these findings indicate that high levels of education are associated with above-average knowledge of HIV and its transmission; however, the sexually conservative nature of Indian society has impeded a compassionate stance toward people with AIDS, even among the most educated. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | FACULTY | UNIVERSITIES | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | HIV TRANSMISSION | AIDS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Education | Schools | Psychological Factors | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 128181 |
| 29. Title: AIDS education programme in Colombian medical schools: training the teachers [letter] Author: Garcia-Bernard R; Shor-Posner G; Klaskala W; Castro J; Baum M Source: AIDS. 1997 Mar 15;11(4):554-5. Abstract: An HIV/AIDS Training Project for medical school teachers throughout Colombia was implemented in 1985. Over an 8-month period, 115 medical faculty members participated in 5-day workshops that aimed to increase understanding of AIDS-related issues. Workshop facilitators used 5 training modules to implement the information, education, and communication (IEC) skills program. The modules addressed sex education; ethical issues and human rights; clinical and epidemiological aspects; IEC techniques, social marketing, and counseling; and implementation of preventive educational projects. Some education/training technics were group exercises addressing personal feelings and attitudes and case studies of human rights violations. Pre- and post-workshop surveys were conducted. The pre-workshop survey revealed that medical teachers held stereotypes that lead to various forms of discrimination and that are barriers to effective management of HIV/AIDS-related issues. The post-workshop survey found that the medical teachers had an increase in knowledge and improved attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients. The proportion of correct answers had increased considerably between the 2 surveys (14% vs. 68%; p < 0.001). Further, more participants achieved a passing score in the post-workshop survey than in the pre-workshop survey (97% vs. 60%). The improved knowledge of and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS-related issues should improve physician's behavior and attitudes towards AIDS patients. More focus is needed to promote open attitudes towards different sexual preferences and to clarify legal and ethical issues. Language: English Keywords: COLOMBIA | FACULTY | PHYSICIANS | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | TRAINING OF TRAINERS | WORKSHOPS | IEC | PRE-POST TESTS | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDE | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Education | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Schools | Training Programs | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 121740 |
| 30. Title: Lactation education for health professionals: annotated curriculum. Author: American College of Nurse-Midwives; Georgetown University. Institute for Reproductive Health Source: Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, [1996]. [5], 50 p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. DPE-3061-A-00-1029-00) . Abstract: The American College of Nurse-Midwives and Georgetown University's Institute for Reproductive Health developed an annotated curriculum on lactation education for health professionals worldwide in response to the rising demand for more comprehensive teaching materials on the art and science of breast feeding support. The curriculum aims to provide teachers and trainers the necessary reference materials for academic and in-service training in lactation. It is most likely to be used by nurses/nurse-midwives, nursing faculty, service supervisors, non-health teachers, and trainers. It was field-tested among the nursing faculty of an institution in Latin America. The annotated curriculum is part of a packet that includes four other books ("Breastfeeding: Protecting A Natural Resource," "Breastfeeding: The Technical Basis and Recommendations for Action," "Guidelines: Breastfeeding, Family Planning, and the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)," and "Helping Mothers to Breastfeed"). Five articles are referenced in the curriculum: "Clinical Study of the LAM (1991)," "Consensus Statement on the LAM for Family Planning (1996)," "Risk of Ovulation during Lactation (1990)," "The LAM: A Postpartum Introductory Family Planning Method with Policy and Program Implications (1994)," and "Toward Consistency in Breastfeeding Definitions (1990)." The curriculum has six columns: major learning objectives for the unit, core content for each objective, related references, audiovisual and print materials, suggested teaching methodology and outside resources, and evaluation questions. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | LATIN AMERICA | CURRICULUM | LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA METHOD | BREASTFEEDING | HEALTH EDUCATION | ACADEMIC TRAINING | ON-THE-JOB TRAINING | NURSES AND NURSING | NURSE-MIDWIVES | FACULTY | TEACHING MATERIALS | Developing Countries | Americas | Education | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Training Programs | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 116733 |
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