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Peer Reviewed

Title: Sexual behaviour and contraceptive use among youth in the Balkans.
Author: Delva W; Wuillaume F; Vansteelandt S; Claeys P; Verstraelen H
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2007 Dec;12(4):309-315.
Abstract: The objectives were to assess sexual and health seeking behaviour related to contraception among high school students in Bosnia (Sarajevo), the FYR of Macedonia (Skopje), and Serbia and Montenegro (Belgrade and Podgorica). A standardized questionnaire was self-administered by 2150 urban high school students. Multiple logistic regression analyses accounting for within-class correlation were applied to identify determinants of sexual behaviour, and the use of contraception and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care. In this group of youth with a mean age of 16.7 years, 41.3% of the boys and 20.8% of the girls had already experienced sexual intercourse. Mean age at sexual debut differed between sexually active boys (15.5) and girls (16.3). A condom was used at first sex by 73.7% of the boys and by 69.0% of the girls. Condoms were consistently used during sexual intercourse with the current or last partner by 64.3% of the boys and 48.5% of the girls. Oral contraception was resorted to by 0.0% (Macedonia) to 10.6% (Bosnia) of sexually active girls. One third of sexually active girls and 18.0% of sexually active boys had ever refrained from seeking medical advice on SRH despite feeling the need for it, mainly because of feelings of shame, fear and insecurity. TV or radio and friends were mostly mentioned as useful sources of information on contraceptives. Age at sexual debut and the proportion of sexually active youth in these Balkan states do not differ from those in other parts of Europe. However, declining condom use after sexual initiation is not compensated by having recourse to other contraceptive methods, as seen in some West-European countries. The role of mass media in dissemination of information and tackling barriers to SRH care should be explored. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, SOUTHERN | RESEARCH REPORT | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | KAP SURVEYS | YOUTH | SEX BEHAVIOR | SOCIAL CLASS | SEX FACTORS | FIRST INTERCOURSE | AGE FACTORS | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | INFORMATION SOURCES | Developed Countries | Europe | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Information
Document Number: 313977

Peer Reviewed

Title: Women and microfinance in Mediterranean countries.
Author: Corsi M; Botti F; Rondinella T; Zacchia G
Source: Development. 2006 Jun;49(2):67-74.
Abstract: Marcella Corsi and her co-workers analyze the social and economic impact that microfinance programmes have on participant's lives, particularly on women in the Mediterranean countries. They identify the changes of the women who took part in the microcredit programme. They examine the consumption levels, savings, housing conditions and investigate using an index of the changes whether the microcredit programme did indeed bring about women empowerment. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, SOUTHERN | SUMMARY REPORT | WOMEN | POVERTY | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | INCOME GENERATION PROGRAMS | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | Developed Countries | Europe | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Women's Status | Economic Development | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 319988

3.
Title: Leishmania / HIV co-infections in the second decade.
Author: Cruz I; Nieto J; Moreno J; Canavate C; Desjeux P
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2006 Mar;123(3):357-388.
Abstract: Leishmania-HIV co-infection has been globally controlled in Southern Europe since 1997 because of highly active anti retroviral therapy (HAART), but it appears to be an increasing problem in other countries such as Ethopia, Sudan, Brazil or India where both infections are becoming more and more prevalent. Most of the scientific background on Leishmania/HIV co-infection has been dropped from the Mediterranean experience and although the situations among countries are not fully comparable, it is of high importance to take advantage of this knowledge. In this review several aspects of the Leishmania/HIV co-infection are emphasized viz., epidemiological features, new ways of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical outcome, diagnosis, treatment and secondary prohylaxis. An extensive review of the literature on Leishmania/HIV co-infection has allowed the inclusion of a comprehensive and updated list of bibliographical references. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | EUROPE, SOUTHERN | LITERATURE REVIEW | BIBLIOGRAPHY | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | COMPLICATIONS | LEISHMANIASIS | INFECTION TRANSMISSION | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | INFECTION PREVENTION | Europe | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Parasitic Diseases | Infections | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 307865

Title: Women grow old alone, but men grow old with a partner. A European overview.
Author: Delbes C; Gaymu J; Springer S
Source: Population and Societies. 2006 Jan;(419):2-4.
Abstract: In Europe, the living arrangements of persons aged 75 and over have been changing for several decades. Instead of cohabiting with their families, they tend now to live in their own homes, either alone or with a partner. But there are marked differences between the north and south of Europe and between the sexes, as shown by a new European study that compares the situation in nine countries of the European Union. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, NORTHERN | EUROPE, SOUTHERN | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | OLDER ADULTS | FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS | RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS | MARITAL STATUS | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | SEX FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | Europe | Developed Countries | Adults | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Population Distribution | Nuptiality
Document Number: 311786

Title: HIV / AIDS, human development and the coming epidemic in the Balkans, Baltic, Russian Federation and the CIS.
Author: Barnett T
Source: In: Economics of AIDS and access to HIV / AIDS care in developing countries. Issues and challenges, edited by Jean-Paul Moatti , Benjamin Coriat, Yves Souteyrand, Tony Barnett, J�rome Dumoulin and Yves-Antoine Flori. Paris, France, Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida [ANRS], 2003 Jul. :413-433. (Collection Sciences Sociales et Sida)
Abstract: HIV/AIDS affects human development. The United Nations has developed this concept most elaborately. Although useful as an advocacy tool it does not adequately capture the effects of a long wave event like an HIV/AIDS epidemic. The CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States), Russian Federation, Balkans and Baltic States are diverse and they face an impending epidemic. In some states, 1% of the adult population is HIV-infected, suggesting a �generalised� epidemic. Further epidemic growth will mean that excess morbidity and mortality may soon affect health, education and governance activities. Comparison with Botswana shows how rapidly these effects can appear. This chapter considers some of the conceptual and theoretical challenges to measuring the impact of such an event. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, EASTERN | EUROPE, SOUTHERN | CRITIQUE | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | EPIDEMICS | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | LIFE EXPECTANCY | POLITICAL FACTORS | POVERTY | Developing Countries | Europe | Developed Countries | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Economic Factors | Economic Development | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Factors
Document Number: 284079

7.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Randomized trial to evaluate indinavir/ritonavir versus saquinavir/ritonavir in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: the MaxCmin1 trial.
Author: Dragsted UB; Gerstoft J; Pedersen C; Peters B; Duran A
Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2003;188:635-642.
Abstract: This trial assessed the rate of virological failure at 48 weeks in adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1�infected patients assigned indinavir/ritonavir (Idv/Rtv; 800/100 mg 2 times daily) or saquinavir/ritonavir (Sqv/Rtv; 1000/100 mg 2 times daily) in an open-label, randomized (1:1), multicenter, phase 4 design. Three hundred six patients began the assigned treatment. At 48 weeks, virological failure was seen in 43 (27%) of 158 and 37 (25%) of 148 patients in the Idv/Rtv and Sqv/Rtv arms, respectively. The time to virological failure did not differ between study arms (P=.76). When switching from randomized treatment was counted as failure, this was seen in 78 of 158 patients in the Idv/Rtv arm, versus 51 of 148 patients in the Sqv/Rtv arm (P=.009). A switch from the randomized treatment occurred in 64 (41%) of 158 patients in the Idv/Rtv arm, versus 40 (27%) of 148 patients in the Sqv/Rtv arm (P=.013). Sixty-four percent of the switches occurred because of adverse events. A greater number of treatment-limiting adverse events were observed in the Idv/ Rtv arm, relative to the Sqv/Rtv arm. In conclusion, Rtv-boosed Sqv and Idv were found to have comparable antiretroviral effects in the doses studied. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AMERICA | NORTH AMERICA | EUROPE, WESTERN | EUROPE, NORTHERN | EUROPE, SOUTHERN | CLINICAL TRIALS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ADULTS | MIDDLE AGED ADULTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ANTIVIRAL DRUGS | TREATMENT | HIV PREVENTION | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | Developing Countries | Latin America | Americas | Developed Countries | Europe | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Studies | Age Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Drugs | Lipids | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 184802

8.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Women, international migration and self-reported health. A population-based study of women of reproductive age.
Author: Iglesias E; Robertson E; Johansson SE; Engfeldt P; Sundquist J
Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2003 Jan;56(1):111-124.
Abstract: Although our knowledge of the relationship between migration and health in women is increasing, we still have a limited knowledge of the migration and health of women of reproductive age. A cross-sectional analysis of a simple random sample of 10,661 women aged 20�49 in Sweden in 1980�1985 and 9585 such women in 1992�1997 was carried out to assess their health. The risk factors for self-reported, poor health and psychosomatic complaints for female refugees and women from Finland, Southern Europe, Western countries and Sweden were examined. Country of birth was a significant risk factor for poor self-reported health and psychosomatic complaints, with women from Southern Europe, female refugees and Finnish women being at higher risk in this respect than Swedish women. The increased risk remained significant after adjustment for demographic and socio-economic factors. Swedish-born women, female refugees, and Finnish women reported poorer health and had more psychosomatic complaints (not Finns) in the 1990s than in the 1980s. (author�s)
Language: English
Keywords:
SWEDEN | FINLAND | EUROPE, SOUTHERN | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | SURVEYS | ADULTS | WOMEN | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | MIGRATION | REFUGEES | SELF-PERCEPTION | HEALTH | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Studies | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Migrants | Perception | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 173166

9.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Treatment of leishmaniasis in HIV-positive patients.
Author: Laguna F
Source: Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. 2003;97 Suppl 1:S135-S142.
Abstract: Although, in southern Europe, there has been considerable experience in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in HIV-positive patients, the optimal therapy has yet to be established. Pentavalent antimony salts, free amphotericin B deoxycholate (ABD) and lipidic formulations of amphotericin B are the drugs most commonly used. Treatment with pentavalent antomonials requires daily injections for 28 days, is not well tolerated and leads to initial clinical cure in only 66% of the co-infected cases. Free ABD has to be given, intravenously, for just as long, has significant toxicity and leads to initial clinical cure in even fewer cases (62%). In a prospective, comparative trial, treatment of co-infected cases with a pentavalent antimonial was found to have similar efficacy and toxicity to treatment with free ABD. The duration of treatment and the associated toxicity may both be reduced by the use of lipidic formulations of amphotericin B. Anecdotal evidence and the results of non- randomized trials indicate that treatment with liposomal amphotericin B is highly effective. In a comparative trial, amphotericin B lipid complex was found to be not only as effective as a pentavalent antimonial but also better tolerated. At the moment, however, such lipidic formulations have only been tested against VL/HIV cases in Europe, not elsewhere in the world, and they remain very expensive. However successful the treatment in terms of initial clinical cure, almost all VL/HIV cases develop VL relapses. Although the data available on secondary prophylaxis are limited and often inconclusive, it appears that regular treatment with a pentavalent antimonial drug, liposomal amphothericin B or amphotericin B lipid complex can reduce the incidence of leishmanial relapses in HIV-positive patients with VL. The development of new regimens, use of new oral drugs (such as miltefosine) and the development of new antileishmanial drugs could all improve the treatment of HIV-related VL in the future. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, SOUTHERN | LITERATURE REVIEW | CLINICAL RESEARCH | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | LEISHMANIASIS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | COMPLICATIONS | DRUGS | TOXICITY | TIME FACTORS | Europe | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Parasitic Diseases | Treatment | Physiology | Biology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 275646

10.

Title: Traffickers lure women into prostitution. Bogus overseas employment agencies luring young women into sexual slavery.
Author: Volkov M
Source: London, England, Institute for War and Peace Reporting [IWPR], 2003 Dec 3. 3 p. (Belarus Reporting Service No. 43)
Abstract: Fed up with their small, impoverished provincial town, four young women couldn't resist the ad in their local newspaper offering them an escape. "We're looking for waitresses, dishwashers and dancers to work in a restaurant abroad," it said. The company offering the work was operating quite legally, so the women set off for a southern European country, looking forward to their new lives. Upon arrival, however, the restaurant owner told them that economic problems prevented him from expanding his business and hiring the girls. But the good news, he said, was that his friend was going to open a bar in a few days and would need workers. However, a week went by and the women remained jobless, with their meagre savings fast running out. The restaurant manager, meanwhile, sought to persuade them to take on other work - prostitution. "He was always apologising for the delay in the opening of his friend's business and hinted that in the local hotel lived rich men who were always willing to feed and love blonde hungry Slavic girls," said one of the women. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, SOUTHERN | CRITIQUE | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN | SEXUAL TRAFFICKING | CRIME | SEXUAL ABUSE | Europe | Developed Countries | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Problems
Document Number: 189424

11.
Title: Conference on youth in South Eastern Europe: policy for participation, empowerment and social inclusion.
Source: Development Outreach. 2002 Spring;4(1):13-5.
Abstract: This paper presents the proceedings of the 3-day conference in Rome, convened by UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) and World Bank to reach consensus on the essential elements for effective youth policies to address the needs of youth in the countries of South Eastern Europe (SEE). The policies should guide investments in youth in SEE countries to ensure the realization of their fullest potential as agents of change, healthy behavior and inter-ethnic cohesion in their respective communities.
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, SOUTHERN | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | YOUTH | NEEDS | POLICY | INVESTMENTS | Europe | Developed Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Financial Activities
Document Number: 169388

12.
Title: Tearing down the wall. Youth break through in South Eastern Europe.
Author: Homans HY
Source: Development Outreach. 2002 Spring;4(1):10-2.
Abstract: This article examines the interest taken by South Eastern Europe in strengthening youth policy as a response to the collective failure of governments to guarantee and respect the rights and safety of young people within the region. It also discusses several key commitments, conference declarations, conventions, and initiatives specifically directed at young people at the global level.
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, SOUTHERN | GLOBAL | YOUTH | CHILD | HUMAN RIGHTS | SAFETY | POLICY | Europe | Developed Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Public Health | Health
Document Number: 169387

13.
Peer Reviewed

Title: The emergence of lowest-low fertility in Europe during the 1990s.
Author: Kohler HP; Billari FC; Ortega JA
Source: Population and Development Review. 2002 Dec;28(4):641-680.
Abstract: In this article we investigate the emergence of lowest-low fertility in Europe, analyze its demographic patterns and socioeconomic determinants, and address the factors that underlie the divergence of fertility levels in Europe and developed countries more generally. The central thrust of our argument is that lowest-low fertility in Europe has emerged from the combination of five distinct demographic and behavioral factors. First, demographic distortions of period fertility measures, caused by the postponement of fertility and changes in the parity composition of the population, have reduced the level of period fertility below the associated level of cohort fertility. Second, economic and social changes have made the postponement of fertility a rational response for individuals. Third, social interaction processes affecting the timing of fertility have rendered the population response to these new socioeconomic conditions substantially larger than the direct individual responses. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE | EUROPE, EASTERN | EUROPE, SOUTHERN | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | ADULTS | FERTILITY RATE | FERTILITY DECLINE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | BELOW REPLACEMENT FERTILITY | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | FIRST BIRTH | BIRTH INTERVALS | ECONOMIC CONDITIONS | FAMILY DEMOGRAPHY | EDUCATION | EMPLOYMENT | STATISTICS | CHANGES | Developed Countries | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Fertility Changes | Population Decrease | Economic Factors | Pregnancy History | Macroeconomic Factors | Family Research | Family and Household | Research Methodology | Social Change
Document Number: 183392

14.
Title: Kosovar men and boys against violence against women.
Author: United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo [UNMIK]. Office of Gender Affairs; International Medical Corps; Oxfam
Source: [Unpublished] [2000]. [12] p. Also available in Serbo-Croatian and Albanian.
Abstract: The White Ribbon Campaign is the largest effort initiated by men to end men's violence against women in Kosova. This paper begins by providing an overview of the concept of domestic violence, acquaintance or date rape, and sexual exploitation. It then presents some of the 70 incidents of violence against women reported to the police, as well as statistics on violence against women in Kosova drawn from a survey of 213 women in Spring 2000 throughout Kosova. Tips on how to help a victim of domestic violence were also provided. These interventions are directed towards women�s regaining power over their lives and encouraging them to act for their own well-being and safety.
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, SOUTHERN | TEACHING MATERIALS | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | WOMEN | SEXUAL ABUSE | MALE ROLE | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Europe | Developed Countries | Crime | Social Problems | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Behavior | Behavior | Communication | Diseases
Document Number: 154900

15.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Structural and behavioural changes in the short term preventive check in the northwest Balkans in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Author: Hammel EA; Galloway PR
Source: European Journal of Population. 2000 Mar;16(1):67-108.
Abstract: Fertility responded negatively to grain insufficiency (proxied by grain price increases), and mortality responded positively in Croatia-Slavonia-Srem in the 18th and 19th centuries, as in most of Europe. Shifts in the intensity and timing of these responses occurred over time as social and economic structures changed. Shifts in the elasticity of fertility with respect to grain supply inversely mimic and lag changes in the elasticity of mortality. Both appear to be induced by increasing land shortage, the collapse of feudalism, and differences in the patterns of adjustment to post-feudal conditions among former civil and military serfs. Generally, responses are stronger for civil and former civil serfs, who may have been in less favorable economic circumstances than the military. Fertility responses in the year of a price shock come to dominate those in the year following, suggesting a shift from contraception to abortion as economic and social conditions apparently worsened and strategies of control intensified. Analysis of monthly responses supports the conjecture based on the annual responses. The shift to the preventive check and strength of the preventive check in the same year as the price shock is unusual in Europe and beyond. Analysis is based on 25 parishes and employs lagged annual and monthly time series analysis with corrections for autocorrelation, in combination with ethnographic and historical data. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, SOUTHERN | INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES | FERTILITY | MORTALITY | HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY | Europe | Developed Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Demography | Social Sciences
Document Number: 149808

16.

Title: Kinship, family and social network: the anthropological embedment of fertility change in Southern Europe.
Author: Micheli GA
Source: DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH. 2000 Dec 19;3:[34] p..
Abstract: The year after the 1854 cholera epidemic, Frederic Le Play published a century household model map that used a typology of the organizational models of the household based on two modern variants of the patriarchal ideal type. However, a considerable overlap between Le Play's household model map and the regional total fertility rate map of central-southern Europe in the 1980s have been noted. This paper examines the overall structure of relationships involved in Le Play's typology and observes that both the stem-family and the unstable family area in southern Europe are marked by small, close-knit networks of strong ties, with kinship predominance. Vice versa, the social support hinges upon a network of kin in the stem-family area, upon an alliance among different kindred units in the unstable Mediterranean area. All this leads to formulating a hypothesis of a tripartite model for western Europe relationship models. Moreover, several rough contributions to an etiological model are cited, in which the existing diversity in regional fertility behavior is explained by basic persistent anthropological structures.
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, SOUTHERN | LITERATURE REVIEW | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | FERTILITY CHANGES | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | KINSHIP NETWORKS | SOCIAL NETWORKS | Europe | Developed Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Friends and Relatives
Document Number: 154266

17.
Title: From abortion to contraception. A resource to public policies and reproductive behavior in Central and Eastern Europe from 1917 to the present.
Author: David HP; Skilogianis J
Source: Westport, Connecticut, Greenwood Press, 1999. xxiv, 382 p.
Abstract: The book considers the influence of public policies in the formerly socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe on private reproductive behavior in the context of women's rights perspective. However, this book discusses beyond the typical �women and post-socialist transition� critiques of cultural, economic, and social trends to a more sophisticated analysis of reproductive behavior as evidenced by the compiled data on access to safe abortion and modern contraceptives. The approach renders the issues of women's status, rights, and empowerment central to the understanding of public policies and private behavior of individuals and couples. In moving from demographic aspects to improved reproductive and sexual health, including governmental support for family planning, the overviews and individual country chapter further contribute to the global shift in the framework within which the world community agreed to consider and advocate the issues of population and socioeconomic development. Each country chapters offers a concise analysis of historical and political development, population policy, the woman question, sexuality education, contraception, and abortion.
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, EASTERN | EUROPE, SOUTHERN | HISTORICAL REVIEW | CASE HISTORIES | SURVEYS | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | POPULATION POLICY | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTION | ABORTION | PRONATALIST POLICY | SEX EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Europe | Developed Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Studies | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Policy | Policy | Fertility | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | Education
Document Number: 158179 Notification

18.
Title: Traditional families and fertility decline: lessons from Australia's Southern Europeans.
Author: Santow G; Bracher MD
Source: In: Dynamics of values in fertility change, edited by Richard Leete. Oxford, England, Oxford University Press, 1999. :51-77.
Abstract: We present here a case study that conflicts with such interpretations because it shows that family size can fall without corresponding change in the values attached to the family or family life. We question whether the size of a family is necessarily related at all to the value that different family members place on family life, and suggest that it may be wrong to assume that family size is as central a defining element of the family as it is often taken to be. We do not dispute the commonly expressed notion that changes in ideas about the importance of the family may be sufficient to catalyse a reduction in family size, but we do dispute that such changes are necessary. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AUSTRALIA | EUROPE, SOUTHERN | HISTORICAL REVIEW | IMMIGRANTS | FAMILY DEMOGRAPHY | FERTILITY DECLINE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | Developed Countries | Oceania | Europe | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Research | Family and Household | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Family Size | Family Characteristics
Document Number: 183781

20.
Title: Regional differences in democratization: the east versus the south.
Author: Bunce V
Source: Post-Soviet Affairs. 1998 Jul-Sep;14(3):187-211.
Abstract: What unites these two discussions, then, is a question that can be stated simply, but that is in practice devilishly difficult to answer. What precisely is the place of "place" in comparative analysis? Put more precisely: what constitutes context, how distinct is context, and at what point do contextual differences violate the assumption, central to the notion of controls in comparative study, of similarities existing alongside differences? The purpose of this article is to wrestle with these questions-and provide some tentative answers-by working systematically through two issues that figure prominently in the literature on democratization, that present a clear contrast between the east and the south, and that provide, as a result, an opportunity to assess the power and specific consequences of one context in particular-that is, region. The first issue is the impact of the authoritarian past after authoritarianism. The other is the relationship between democratization and economic reform. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, EASTERN | EUROPE, SOUTHERN | LATIN AMERICA | THEORETICAL STUDIES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | GOVERNMENT | DEMOCRACY | COMMUNISM | POLITICAL FACTORS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Europe | Developed Countries | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Political Systems | Socialism
Document Number: 182777

21.
Title: Immigration in Southern Europe.
Author: Baganha MI
Source: Oeiras, Portugal, Celta Editora, 1997. x, 142 p.
Abstract: This volume is a product of a meeting held in Coimbra, Portugal in November 1994 to examine some aspects of current international migration trends affecting the countries of Europe. The focus of the meeting was on comparing the main features of immigration in the new countries of in-migration with those in traditional European receiving countries. Part I has four papers on migration determinants and political turmoil: South-North migration to Europe in the post 1980s, by Catherine Wihtol de Wenden; Trends in the 90'-- the Portuguese migratory experience, by Maria I. Baganha and Joao Peixoto; Current migration trends in Greece, by Ross Fakiolas; An unexpected encounter--immigrant labour and economic structure in the North of Italy, by Maurizio Ambrosini. Part II has four papers on whether these immigrants can be considered guests or residents and the related policy issues: Boundaries, margins and migrants--on paradigm shifts, heterogeneity and culture wars, by Joao A. Nunes; Immigration--the cultural and anthropological aspects of a case in European disintegration, by Guido Bolaffi; Discours integrationniste et societe reelle. [The integrationist debate and social realities], by Albano Cordeiro; The Portuguese immigration policy and the new European order, by Jose Leitao. A final paper by Lydio F. Tomasi and Mark J. Miller discusses the need for developing a constructive alternative to containment with regard to this migration.
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, SOUTHERN | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | MIGRATION POLICY | PORTUGAL | GREECE | ITALY | ACCULTURATION | LABOR MIGRATION | FRANCE | Europe | Developed Countries | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Europe, Southwestern | Social Change | Europe, Western
Document Number: 255598

22.
Title: Migration and socioeconomic transformation in southeastern Europe. Migration und soziookonomische Transformation in Sudosteuropa.
Author: Heller W
Source: Munich, Germany, Sudosteuropa-Gesellschaft, 1997. 326 p. (Sudosteuropa-Studie No. 59)
Abstract: This publication contains 20 papers were first presented at a symposium held at Potsdam University, Germany, in September 1996, on migration and socioeconomic transformation in the countries of southeastern Europe. The papers are grouped by geographic region; there are contributions discussing aspects of migration in Cyprus, Greece, Turkey, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, and the republics of the former federation of Yugoslavia, as well as several general contributions and one on the political significance of the migration problem in Germany. (ANNOTATION)
Language: EnglishGerman
Keywords:
EUROPE, SOUTHERN | EUROPE, EASTERN | MIGRATION | POLITICAL FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | GERMANY | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | Europe | Developed Countries | Developing Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Europe, Central
Document Number: 255461

23.
Title: [Migration and socioeconomic transformation in southeastern Europe: the current significance of this topic, research gaps, and open questions] Migration und soziookonomische Transformation in Sudosteuropa: zur aktuellen Bedeutung des Themas, zu Forschungsdefiziten und zu offenen Fragen.
Author: Heller W
Source: In: Migration und soziookonomische Transformation in Sudosteuropa, edited by Wilfried Heller. Munich, Germany, Sudosteuropa-Gesellschaft, 1997. :11-23.
Abstract: The historical, political, and economic context of the migratory flows of the past decade in southeastern Europe is discussed. The author points out two gaps in the research on this topic: first, it has been studied almost exclusively from the point of view of the developed Western countries, and second, the links between migration and socioeconomic transformation have not been well studied. He also suggests that it may be misleading to speak of a `transition' to the same sort of society found in today's western European countries; at present, no methodology exists to study the transformation of formerly Communist countries to their post-Iron Curtain realities, and the extent of their comparability to third world countries is debatable. Finally, it is not clear whether the recent migrations are continuations of those existing during the Communist regimes, or if they are qualitatively different. The author concludes with some broad policy recommendations aimed at guiding the transformations of southeastern Europe to a desirable outcome.
Language: German
Keywords:
EUROPE, EASTERN | EUROPE, SOUTHERN | POLITICAL FACTORS | COMMUNISM | SOCIALISM | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | ECONOMIC FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | RECOMMENDATIONS | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Europe | Developed Countries | Political Systems | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Planning | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 257140

24.
Title: Occupational and economic mobility and social integration of Mediterranean migrants in Germany.
Author: Seifert W
Source: European Journal of Population / Revue Europeenne de Demographie. 1997 Mar;13(1):1-16.
Abstract: "Foreigners of Mediterranean immigrant origin still occupy the lower positions in the German labour market. The employment profile is clearly different from that of German wage earners and salaried employees. Results from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study show that 60% of this foreign population was employed as unskilled or semi-skilled workers in 1993. Between 1984 and 1993 their occupational mobility was relatively low. The situation of the second generation has clearly improved. To a small degree they even found access to attractive jobs in the service sector. But compared with Germans of the same age group their occupational success is limited. The social situation of foreigners is characterised by increasing segregation." (EXCERPT) (SUMMARY IN FRE)
Language: English
Keywords:
GERMANY | EUROPE, SOUTHERN | AFRICA, NORTHERN | LABOR FORCE | OCCUPATIONAL STATUS | SOCIAL MOBILITY | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | ACCULTURATION | EMPLOYMENT | FOREIGNERS | IMMIGRANTS | Developed Countries | Europe, Central | Europe | Developing Countries | Africa | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Employment Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Social Class | Social Change | Macroeconomic Factors | Nationality | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 253761

25.
Title: [New international migrations and migratory models in South European countries] Le nuove migrazioni internazionali e i modelli migratori nei paesi del Sud Europa.
Author: de Filippo E; Pugliese E
Source: INCHIESTA. 1996 Jul-Sep;26(113):49-58.
Abstract: Trends in international migration in the Mediterranean European countries over the course of the 1980s are reviewed. "Particular attention is paid to the different factors that explain the arrival of these migratory fluxes during a period of economic recession and in areas where there is a co-presence of immigration, emigration and unemployment. The involvement of southern European countries as target countries for immigration is not seen as a simple consequence of the [restrictive policies] practiced in the Seventies by European countries with traditional immigration; the push towards these countries as well as the pull to the same are also considered, particularly the acceleration of the internationalization process of the labor markets, the characteristics of the labor markets, and processes of segmentation and tertiarization." (EXCERPT) (SUMMARY IN ENG)
Language: Italian
Keywords:
EUROPE, SOUTHERN | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | ECONOMIC FACTORS | MIGRATION POLICY | LABOR FORCE | Europe | Developed Countries | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Human Resources
Document Number: 255560

26.
Title: [Population growth and international migration in the Mediterranean Basin] Crescita demografica e migrazioni internazionali nel bacino mediterraneo.
Author: Di Comite L; Cardamone AF
Source: Bari, Italy, Cacucci Editore, 1996. 261 p.
Abstract: These are the proceedings of a conference on cooperation, population growth, and economic development in the Mediterranean Basin held at the University of Bari, October 26-28, 1995. The papers, which are in French or Italian, are as follows: Moroccan immigration to Spain, by Aron Cohen; Population growth and migration pressures, by Luigi Di Comite and Michela C. Pellicani; Population growth and migration in Morocco, by Abdellatif Fadloullah; From economic determinants to the role of South-North migration in development models, by Oscar Garavello; African immigration to Spain: entry via the southern border, by Vicente G. Perez; Public expenditure and the age structure in some Mediterranean countries: some preliminary results from a research program, by Pietro Iaquinta and Anna Paterno; The fertility of immigrants in Italy: the available data and their uses, by Dionisia Maffioli; Population and development: from Malthus to Malthus, by Eros Moretti; and The prospects for quantifying the number of foreigners in Italy: the current situation, by Salvatore Strozza.
Language: ItalianFrench
Keywords:
EUROPE, SOUTHERN | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | POPULATION GROWTH | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | MOROCCO | SPAIN | THEORETICAL MODELS | AGE DISTRIBUTION | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | ITALY | FOREIGNERS | MALTHUSIANISM | FERTILITY | IMMIGRANTS | Europe | Developed Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Migration | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Europe, Southwestern | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Financial Activities | Nationality | Population Theory | Demography | Social Sciences | Migrants
Document Number: 255322

27.
Title: Recent trends in infant health and mortality in Central and Eastern Europe.
Author: Gardos E; Rychtarikova J
Source: In: Sante et mortalite des enfants en Europe: inegalites sociales d'hier et d'aujourd'hui, edited by Godelieve Masuy-Stroobant, Catherine Gourbin, and Pierre Buekens. Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, Academia-Bruylant, 1996. :437-67.
Abstract: "The evolution and structure of mortality for children under one year of age have been, in recent years, very different within countries that before were called socialist. The Czech and Slovak Republics, Poland and Hungary continue their decline in infant mortality. On the other hand a rise of the infant mortality rate was observed in Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, as well as in republics of the former Soviet Union and the former Yugoslavia. The rise was partly due to the increasing incidence of low birthweight. This fact can be associated with an increase in the proportion of births from young and poorly educated mothers and with a worsening of the medical infrastructure." (EXCERPT) (SUMMARY IN FRE)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, EASTERN | EUROPE, SOUTHERN | USSR | INFANT MORTALITY | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | MORTALITY DETERMINANTS | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | MATERNAL AGE | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Europe | Developed Countries | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Population | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Parental Age | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors
Document Number: 252997

28.
Title: [Alteration of nationality structure in the Carpathian Basin] A nemzetisegi struktura atalakulasa a Karpat-medenceben.
Author: Hooz I
Source: STATISZTIKAI SZEMLE. 1996 Nov;74(11):930-9.
Abstract: "The study analyses the changes [taking] place in the number and proportion of the population of Hungarian nationality [in the Carpathian region], drawing on the database covering more than 100 years and compiled from the results of population censuses. International statistics have also been used, the situation after World War I is reviewed, then the results of population censuses after World War II are analysed." (SUMMARY IN ENG) (EXCERPT)
Language: Hungarian
Keywords:
EUROPE, EASTERN | EUROPE, SOUTHERN | NATIONALITY | ETHNIC GROUPS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | CHANGES | Developing Countries | Europe | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Social Change
Document Number: 253151

29.
Title: Migration and development in the Mediterranean region.
Author: King R
Source: GEOGRAPHY. 1996 Jan;81(350):3-14.
Abstract: International migration trends in the Mediterranean region are reviewed. The author notes that "the Mediterranean Sea is a migration frontier which concentrates some of the sharpest economic and demographic gradients in the world. Across this `Mediterranean Rio Grande', northward migration flows have escalated in recent years, especially into the newly prosperous southern EU [European Union] countries which were themselves sources of mass emigration a few decades ago. In the post-communist era the Mediterranean has also become a sharpened geopolitical frontier, for it is around the Mediterranean that democratic Europe faces the less democratic world of Islam. In migration policy terms the EU emphasises `closure' towards immigrants from the southern Mediterranean but a more sensitive understanding of the politics, economic problems and migration processes of North Africa (and beyond) is necessary." (EXCERPT)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, NORTHERN | EUROPE, SOUTHERN | MIDDLE EAST | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | POLITICAL FACTORS | MIGRATION POLICY | ECONOMIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa | Europe | Developed Countries | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy
Document Number: 250946

30.
Title: [Mediterranean Europe and population change. Are the countries of the South unique?] Europe mediterraneenne et changements demographiques. Existe-t-il une specificite des pays du Sud?
Author: Tapinos G
Source: Turin, Italy, Fondazione Giovanni Agnelli, 1996. 91 p. (Forum International)
Abstract: In the context of European demographic trends as a whole, the author analyzes demographic trends in the European countries that border the Mediterranean. The demographic changes that are occurring are analyzed in the light of ongoing changes in economic activity and employment. The author examines whether there is a common pattern in the developments affecting these Mediterranean countries. The author also discusses whether current events in Southern Europe are due to a difference in the timing of the second demographic transition affecting fertility trends since World War II, or to cultural and institutional characteristics that are unique to the region.
Language: French
Keywords:
EUROPE, SOUTHERN | POPULATION DYNAMICS | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | ECONOMIC FACTORS | EMPLOYMENT | TIME FACTORS | FERTILITY CHANGES | Europe | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Macroeconomic Factors | Fertility
Document Number: 253272


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