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3.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Spousal violence and potentially preventable single and recurrent spontaneous fetal loss in an African setting: cross-sectional study.
Author: Alio A; Nana PN; Salihu HM
Source: Lancet. 2009;373:318-324.
Abstract: Background Spousal violence is a global issue, with ramifications for the reproductive health of women. We aimed to investigate the effect of physical, sexual, and emotional violence on potentially preventable single and recurrent spontaneous fetal loss. Methods We analysed data from the Cameroon Demographic Health Survey. In the violence module of this survey, women were questioned about their experience of physical, emotional, and sexual violence inflicted by their spouses. Respondents were also asked about any stillbirths and spontaneous abortions. We measured risk for single and recurrent fetal loss with odds ratios, with adjustment for intracluster correlations as appropriate. We also estimated the proportion of preventable excess fetal loss at various levels of violence reduction. Findings 2562 women responded to the violence module. Those exposed to spousal violence (n=1307) were 50% more likely to experience at least one episode of fetal loss compared with women not exposed to abuse (odds ratio 1-5; 95% CI 1-3-1-8). Recurrent fetal mortality was associated with all forms of spousal violence, but emotional violence had the strongest association (1-7; 1-2-2-3). If the prevalence of spousal abuse could be reduced to 50%, 25%, or entirely eliminated, preventable excess recurrent fetal demise would be 17%, 25%, and 33%, respectively. Interpretation Spousal violence increases the likelihood of single and repeated fetal loss. A large proportion of risk for recurrent fetal mortality is attributable to spousal violence and, therefore, is potentially preventable. Our findings support the idea of routine prenatal screening for spousal violence in the African setting, a region with the highest rate of fetal death in the world.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | WOMEN | ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | PHYSICAL ABUSE | IMPACT | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Violence | Behavior | Communication
Document Number: 340220

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Title: Intimate partner violence and contraception use among women in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Author: Alio AP; Daley EM; Nana PN; Duan J; Salihu HM
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 May 28;
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between contraceptive use and intimate partner violence (IPV) in Sub-Saharan African women. METHOD: The data analyzed were from national Demographic Health Surveys conducted between 2003 and 2006 in 6 Sub-Saharan African countries: Cameroon, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Women of childbearing age completed surveys regarding the use of contraception and about their experience of physical, emotional, and sexual violence inflicted by their partners. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 24311 women who responded to the violence modules, 39.8% reported that they had experienced IPV. Women who had experienced IPV were significantly more likely to report that they had used contraception compared with women who had not experienced IPV (odds ratio 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-1.38). CONCLUSION: Intimate partner violence appears to be associated with increased contraception use in the African setting. Among women who have experienced IPV, modern contraception is used more commonly than traditional and folkloric contraceptive methods.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | WOMEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | INTERVIEWS | PHYSICAL ABUSE | PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Violence | Behavior | Aggression
Document Number: 341449

Title: Collecting reliable information about violence against women safely in household interviews: experience from a large-scale national survey in South Asia.
Author: Andersson N; Cockcroft A; Ansari N; Omer K; Chaudhry UU; Khan A; Pearson L
Source: Violence Against Women. 2009 Apr;15(4):482-96.
Abstract: This article describes the first national survey of violence against women in Pakistan from 2001 to 2004 covering 23,430 women. The survey took account of methodological and ethical recommendations, ensuring privacy of interviews through one person interviewing the mother-in-law while another interviewed the eligible woman privately. The training module for interviewers focused on empathy with respondents, notably increasing disclosure rates. Only 3% of women declined to participate, and 1% were not permitted to participate. Among women who disclosed physical violence, only one third had previously told anyone. Surveys of violence against women in Pakistan not using methods to minimize underreporting could seriously underestimate prevalence.
Language: English
Keywords:
PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA COLLECTION | DATA QUALITY | RELIABILITY | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | SAFETY | INTERVIEWS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Measurement | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341635

Title: Collective violence and attitudes of women toward intimate partner violence: evidence from the Niger Delta.
Author: Antai D; Antai J
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights. 2009 Jun 9;9(12):10 p.
Abstract: Background: The Niger Delta region of Nigeria has been undergoing collective violence for over 25 years, which has constituted a major public health problem. The objectives of this study were to investigate the predictors of women's attitudes toward intimate partner violence in the Niger Delta in comparison to that of women in other parts of Nigeria. Methods: The 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey was used for this study. Respondents were selected using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling procedure through which 3725 women were selected and interviewed. These women contributed 6029 live born children born to the survey. Internal consistency of the measure of the women's attitudes towards intimate partner violence against a woman was assessed using Cronbach's alpha (a). Percentage distributions of the relevant characteristics of the respondents were carried out, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to measure the magnitude and direction of the relationship between the outcome and predictor variables were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and statistical significance was determined at the 95 percent confident interval level (CI). Results: Tolerance for intimate partner violence among the women in the Niger delta (47 percent) was higher than that of women from the rest of the country (42 percent). Rural residence, lower household wealth, lower status occupations, and media access (newspaper and radio) were associated with lower risk of justifying IPV among the women in the Niger Delta. In contrast full or partial autonomy in household decisions regarding food to be cooked, and access to television were associated with a lower risk of justifying violence. Conclusion: The increased justification of intimate partner violence among the women in the Niger Delta could be explained by a combination of factors, among which are cognitive dissonance theory (attitudes that do not fit with other opinions they hold as a means of coping with their situation), ecological theory (behaviour or attitudes being shaped by current factors in their neighbourhood, community or family), and gender-role attitudes. Further in-depth studies are required to fully understand women's attitudes toward violence in areas of conflict.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | SAMPLING STUDIES | WOMEN | SEXUAL PARTNERS | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | ATTITUDES | WAR | VIOLENCE | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Political Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 341880

7.
Title: [The perception of domestic violence of pregnant and not pregnant women in the city of Campinas, Sao Paulo] Percepcao da violencia domestica por mulheres gestantes e nao gestantes da cidade
Author: Audi CA; Correa AM; Turato ER; Santiago SM; Andrade Mda G; Rodrigues MS
Source: Ciencia and Saude Coletiva. 2009 Mar-Apr;14(2):587-94.
Abstract: This study sought to compare the perception of domestic violence of women, victims of this kind of violence, with the perception of pregnant women, victims or not of domestic violence, as well as to search for elements allowing for the planning and execution of a cohort study on domestic violence among pregnant women. A qualitative exploratory research was conducted using the technique of convenience sampling for selecting a focal group. The subjects were twenty four women divided into two groups: (1) thirteen women from a follow-up group from a Referral Center for victims of domestic violence, and (2) eleven pregnant women that were participating in the pre-natal care program in a primary care unit, selected independently of suffering domestic violence or not. The data collected were transcribed, conceptually decoded and qualified for qualitative analysis. The contents of the women's discourse were analyzed on the basis of thematic categories. It was observed that domestic violence was perceived in a similar way by both studied groups, independently from the fact of having or not experienced a situation of this kind. The understanding and discussion of the topics proposed for the groups allowed developing a more appropriate approach to the studied women. The way the questions were formulated in the questionnaire was considered of easy understanding by both groups of women.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | WOMEN | PREGNANT WOMEN | PERCEPTION | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN | STUDY DESIGN | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Survey Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies
Document Number: 342097

Peer Reviewed

Title: Domestic violence against women in eastern India: a population-based study on prevalence and related issues.
Author: Babu BV; Kar SK
Source: BMC Public Health. 2009;9:129.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Violence against women is now widely recognised as an important public health problem, owing to its health consequences. Violence against women among many Indian communities on a regularly basis goes unreported. The objective of this study is to report the prevalence and other related issues of various forms of domestic violence against women from the eastern zone of India. METHODS: It is a population-based study covering both married women (n = 1718) and men (n = 1715) from three of the four states of Eastern India selected through a systematic multistage sampling strategy. Interviews were conducted using separate pre-piloted structured questionnaires for women (victimization) and men (perpetration). Women were asked whether their husband or any other family members committed violent acts against them. And men were asked whether they had ever perpetrated violent acts against their wives. Three principle domestic violence outcome variables (physical, psychological and sexual violence) were determined by response to a set of questions for each variable. In addition, data on socio-economic characteristics were collected. Descriptive statistics, bi- and multivariate analyses were done. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of physical, psychological, sexual and any form of violence among women of Eastern India were 16%, 52%, 25% and 56% respectively. These rates reported by men were 22%, 59%, 17% and 59.5% respectively. Men reported higher prevalence of all forms of violence apart from sexual violence. Husbands were mostly responsible for violence in majority of cases and some women reported the involvement of husbands' parents. It is found that various acts of violence were continuing among majority of women who reported violence. Some socio-economic characteristics of women have significant association with the occurrence of domestic violence. Urban residence, older age, lower education and lower family income are associated with occurrence of domestic violence. Multivariate logistic regressions revealed that the physical violence has significant association with state, residence (rural or urban), age and occupation of women, and monthly family income. Similar associations are found for psychological violence (with residence, age, education and occupation of the women and monthly family income) and sexual violence (with residence, age and educational level of women). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of domestic violence in Eastern India is relatively high compared to majority of information available from India and confirms that domestic violence is a universal phenomenon. The primary healthcare institutions in India should institutionalise the routine screening and treatment for violence related injuries and trauma. Also, these results provide vital information to assess the situation to develop public health interventions, and to sensitise the concerned agencies to implement the laws related to violence against women.
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | HOUSEHOLDS | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | PREVALENCE | PHYSICAL ABUSE | PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE | SEXUAL ABUSE | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Measurement | Violence | Behavior | Aggression | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 341406

Title: Correlates of in-law conflict and intimate partner violence against Chinese pregnant women in Hong Kong
Author: Chan KL; Tiwari A; Fong DY; Leung WC; Brownridge DA; Ho PC
Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2009 Jan;24(1):97-110.
Abstract: This study examines correlates of in-law conflict with intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women in a cohort of Chinese pregnant women who visited antenatal clinics in Hong Kong. This was a territory-wide, cross-sectional study of 3,245 pregnant women recruited from seven hospitals in Hong Kong. Participants were invited to complete the Chinese Abuse Assessment Screen and a demographic questionnaire. About 9% of the pregnant women reported having been abused by their partners in the preceding year. In-law conflict was the characteristic most significantly associated with preceding-year abuse against pregnant women, after controlling for covariates. Findings underscore the need to obtain information on in-law conflict as a risk factor for IPV. In-law conflict should be included in the assessment of risk for IPV. For the prevention of IPV, family-based intervention is needed to work with victims as well as in-laws.
Language: English
Keywords:
HONG KONG | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | EVALUATION INDEXES | DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | PREGNANT WOMEN | SEXUAL PARTNERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | EXTENDED FAMILY | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Measurement | Biology
Document Number: 328410

10.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Induced abortion and intimate relationship quality in the Chicago Health and Social Life Survey.
Author: Coleman PK; Rue VM; Coyle CT
Source: Public Health. 2009 Apr;123(4):331-8.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine associations between abortion and relationship functioning. STUDY DESIGN: Independent variables included abortion in a previous relationship and abortion in a current relationship. Perceptions of quality-of-life changes associated with terminating the relationship, conflict, aggressiveness and sexual dysfunction were the outcome measures. METHODS: Data were derived from interviews with an ethnically diverse urban sample of men (n=658) and women (n=906). Surveys were conducted in person using computer-assisted personal interview technology by the National Opinion Research Center affiliated with the University of Chicago, USA. RESULTS: For men and women, the experience of an abortion in a previous relationship was related to negative outcomes in the current relationship; perceptions of improved quality of life if the current relationship also ended and intimate partner violence. Experience of an abortion within a current relationship was associated with 116% and 196% increased risk of arguing about children for women and men, respectively. Among females, experience of an abortion within a current relationship was associated with increased risk for various forms of sexual dysfunction (122-182%), increased risk of arguments about money (75%), increased risk of conflict about the partner's relatives (80%), and increased risk of arguing about the respondent's relatives (99%). Men whose current partners had experienced an abortion were more likely to report jealousy (96% greater risk) and conflict about drugs (385% greater risk). CONCLUSION: Abortion may play a vital role in understanding the aetiology of relationship problems.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | COUPLES | ABORTION | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | PHYSICAL ABUSE | QUALITY OF LIFE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Crime | Social Problems | Violence | Behavior | Social Welfare | Economic Factors
Document Number: 341821 Notification

11.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration, Standard and Gendered STI/HIV Risk Behavior, and STI/HIV Diagnosis Among A Clinic-Based Sample of Men.
Author: Decker M; Seage G 3rd; Hemenway D; Gupta J; Raj A; Silverman JG
Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009 Jul 21;
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The estimated one in three women worldwide victimized by intimate partner violence (IPV) consistently demonstrate elevated STI/HIV prevalence; abusive male partners' risky sexual behaviors and subsequent infection are implicated. Little empirical data exist to characterize men's sexual risk as it relates to violence perpetration and STI/HIV. METHODS: Data from a survey of men ages 18-35 recruited from three community-based health clinics in an urban area (n=1585) were analyzed to assess the prevalence of IPV perpetration and relations of such violent behavior with both standard (e.g., anal sex, injection drug use) and gendered (e.g., coercive condom practices, sexual infidelity) forms of sexual risk, and STI/HIV diagnosis. RESULTS: Approximately one third of participants (32.7%) reported perpetrating violence against an intimate partner in their lifetime; 1 in 8 (12.4%) participants reported history of STI/HIV diagnosis. Men's IPV perpetration related to both standard and gendered STI/HIV risk behaviors (AORS 1.72 to 6.22) and to STI/HIV diagnosis (OR 4.85, 95% CI 3.54, 6.66). In a multivariate model, the association of men's IPV perpetration with STI/HIV diagnosis was partially attenuated (AOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.77, 3.67), and a subset of gendered sexual risk behaviors were found to be independently related to STI/HIV diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Men's perpetration of violence against intimate partners is common among this population. Abusive men are at increased risk for STI/HIV, with gendered forms of sexual risk behavior partially responsible. Findings indicate the need for interwoven sexual health promotion and violence prevention efforts targeted to men that include addressing gendered sexual risk.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PREVALENCE | WOMEN | MEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | RISK FACTORS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | NEEDS | Research Methodology | Measurement | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Economic Factors
Document Number: 342227

12.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Spousal intimate partner violence is associated with HIV and other STIs among married Rwandan women.
Author: Dude AM
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Feb 10;:1-11.
Abstract: HIV is a health problem in Rwanda, where the adult HIV prevalence is 3.1% (WHO 2008 in Online database of HIV/AIDS epidemiological data, found at: http://www.who.int/globalatlas); the majority of those infected are women (UNAIDS 2008 in http://data.unaids. org/pub/Report/2008/rwanda_2008_country_progress_ report en.pdf). Prior studies indicate that intimate partner violence is frequently associated with increased HIV risk in women, often because men who abuse their wives also exhibit riskier sexual behaviors (Silverman et al. in JAMA 300:703-710 2008. Population-based data from the 2005 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey indicate that women with few, if any, other sexual risk factors who have experienced sexual, physical, or emotional abuse within their marriages are 1.61-3.46 times as likely to test positive for HIV, and 2.14-4.11 times more likely to report another STI. These findings confirm prior clinical studies that indicate that intimate partner violence is a correlate of HIV/STIs in Rwanda. Further research is needed to determine whether Rwandan men that abuse their wives have higher baseline rates of HIV/STI infection.
Language: English
Keywords:
RWANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | MARRIAGE | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | HIV INFECTIONS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | EVALUATION | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Nuptiality | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections
Document Number: 340206

13.

Title: Domestic violence on pregnant women in Turkey.
Author: Ergonen AT; Ozdemir MH; Can IO; Sonmez E; Salacin S; Berberoglu E; Demir N
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2009 Apr;16(3):125-9.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Domestic violence is accepted worldwide as an important health problem. Besides diagnosis and treatment process, there are difficulties when considering of medico-legal evaluation of pregnant women subjected to domestic violence. As a signatory of the ''Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)'' Turkey has certain commitments regarding domestic violence and made regulations on national law. The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate the prevalence of domestic violence during pregnancy among the women who applied to obstetrics clinics and evaluating of the participants' knowledge level about the legal legislation concerning domestic violence. FINDINGS: Pregnant women attending for antenatal care to department of Gynecology and Obstetrics were interviewed using an anonymous and confidential questionnaire. The questionnaire used was a version of Abuse Assessment Screen with guidance of references. 28 (13.4%) women stated that they had been subjected to violence before pregnancy. Only 10 (4.67%) women had stated experience of violence during pregnancy. 148 (69.2%) of them had stated that they had no knowledge about any legislation concerning domestic violence in our country. CONCLUSION: We believe that society awareness should be increased and the health workers should be informed about their ethical and legal responsibilities concerning domestic violence during pregnancy. The knowledge and sensitivity of health care personnel in Prenatal Clinics and Family Planning Services should be increased and examination protocols should be provided about domestic violence against pregnant women.
Language: English
Keywords:
TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | PREGNANT WOMEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | PREVALENCE | LEGISLATION | KNOWLEDGE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | QUESTIONNAIRES | TREATIES | ANTENATAL CARE | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Measurement | Research Methodology | Political Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 342189

14.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Like parent, like child: Intergenerational transmission of partner violence in Cebu, the Philippines.
Author: Fehringer JA; Hindin MJ
Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2009 Apr;44(4):363-371.
Abstract: Purpose: This study investigates the prevalence of partner violence perpetration and receipt among a sample of young men and women in the Philippines, as well as the relationship between witnessing interparental violence during childhood and current violence in partnerships. Methods: We used 1994, 2002, and 2005 data from 472 married or cohabiting young adults from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey in Cebu, the Philippines. This is a longitudinal data set following more than 2000 Filipino women and their index children since the child's birth in 1983-1984. Results: Prevalence of partner violence perpetration was 55.8% for female and 25.1% for male respondents. Prevalence of victimization was 27.7% for females and 30.5% for males. In all, 45% of females and 50% of males reported having witnessed their parents/caretakers physically hurt one another during childhood. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that witnessing interparental violence significantly predicted report of violent act victimization and reciprocal violent acts. Greater parental joint decision making and being male were independently associated with a lower risk of report of both reciprocal violent acts and violent act victimization. Duration of marriage or cohabition was associated with report of violent act victimization and reciprocal violent acts. There were gender interaction effects for several factors, including mother's church attendance and household purchase of alcohol at age 11 years. Conclusions: Implications for further research and violence prevention programs include early intervention with adolescents and focus on gender differences in violence determinants.
Language: English
Keywords:
PHILIPPINES | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CHILDREN | PARENTS | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | PREVALENCE | SEX FACTORS | RELIGION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Measurement
Document Number: 341085

15.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Power over parity: intimate partner violence and issues of fertility control.
Author: Gee RE; Mitra N; Wan F; Chavkin DE; Long JA
Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Aug;201(2):148.e1-7.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between intimate partner violence (IPV), abortion, parity, and contraception use. STUDY DESIGN: We recruited 1463 women for this written questionnaire study of IPV. Patient demographics, contraceptive history, and reproductive history were obtained in the waiting room from patients presenting for gynecologic care. RESULTS: Seventy percent of those eligible participated. Twenty-one percent reported a history of IPV. Partner unwillingness to use birth control, partner desirous of conception, partner creating difficulty for subject's use of birth control, and subjects expressing inability to afford contraception were all positively associated with report of IPV. Each additional pregnancy was associated with 10% greater odds of IPV (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.17). CONCLUSION: Contraception is more difficult to navigate for women experiencing IPV. Providers should consider prescribing contraceptive methods for IPV victims that are not partner dependent.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | COUPLES | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | MULTIPARITY | ABORTION | CONTRACEPTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Parity | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning
Document Number: 342608 Notification

16.

Title: The hidden figure: sexual intimate partner violence among Pakistani women.
Author: Kapadia MZ; Saleem S; Karim MS
Source: European Journal of Public Health. 2009 Aug 7;
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The objectives of the present study were to determine the magnitude and factors associated with sexual intimate partner violence (SIPV) in women presenting to tertiary-care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: Five hundred women who presented to four tertiary-care hospitals to deliver were interviewed from September to December 2005. SIPV was assessed by using questions on sexual abuse in WHO Domestic Violence Module designed to determine intimate partner violence. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to determine factors associated with SIPV. RESULTS: Twenty-one percent of women reported experiencing sexual violence in their married life. Gravida with five or more pregnancies [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-6.96], index pregnancy as unwanted (AOR = 2.64; CI 1.16-6.02) and conflict with in-laws (AOR 1.9 CI 1.14-3.16) were independently associated with sexual abuse. Women who had social support were less likely to be abused by their intimate partners (AOR 0.76; CI 0.58-0.98). CONCLUSION: One in five women reported spousal sexual abuse in their married life. Women having more than five children, unwanted pregnancies or reporting differences with in-laws are more likely to be subjected to such abuse. Social support protects women from sexual abuse by intimate partner.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | CLIENTS | TERTIARY SECTOR | HOSPITALS | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | RISK FACTORS | SEXUAL ABUSE | SOCIAL PROTECTION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Political Factors
Document Number: 342536

17.

Title: Sexual violence against women and children in Chinese societies.
Author: Ko Ling Chan
Source: Trauma, Violence and Abuse. 2009 Jan;10(1):69-85.
Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive overview of the reported patterns of sexual violence against women and children in China. It reviews the prevalence of and risk factors for various types of sexual violence and discusses community knowledge and perceptions of these violent acts. It also critically examines three major problems of sexual violence research in China. First, the diversity of findings and study methods reported by surveys and criminal reports reflects the problems in obtaining accurate figures on the scope of the problem. Second, precautions must be taken in reading studies on Chinese culture-specific risk factors for domestic violence. Third, the study of culture-specific factors should not focus solely on cultural factors in a vacuum but rather, should examine traditional culture in the context of modern societies and consensus international standards of human rights. Recommendations for future research are also discussed.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CHILDREN | COMMUNITY | CHILD ABUSE | SEXUAL ABUSE | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | RAPE | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | KNOWLEDGE | PERCEPTION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Measurement | Biology | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 330270

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The role of controlling behaviour in intimate partner violence and its health effects: a population based study from rural Vietnam.
Author: Krantz G; Nguyen Dang V
Source: BMC Public Health. 2009 May 14;9(1):143.
Abstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that intimate partner violence is not a single phenomenon but consists of two distinct types of violence, defined conceptually in terms of the presence or absence of controlling behaviour in the violent member of the couple. Studies performed in high income countries support this hypothesis but no studies are available from a low income country. This study wanted to test this hypothesis in a low income setting focusing on men's use of physical/sexual violence with and without control tactics and resulting health effects in rural Vietnam. Of particular interest was whether men's controlling behaviour acted synergistically with physical/sexual violence to aggravate the health outcome. METHODS: In this cross sectional study data was collected among 883 married or partnered women aged 17-60. Structured interviews following a questionnaire developed for violence research were used. Control tactics were assessed by six items combined into a scale with Cronbach alfa of .80. Bi- and multivariate analyses were performed, including effect modification analyses. RESULTS: Of the participating women, 81 (9.2 per cent) had been exposed to physical and/or sexual violence in the past 12 months and of these, 26 had experienced one or more control tactics by their partner. Physical/sexual violence was highly associated with women's pain and discomfort (OR 3.40 (1.85-6.27) and with sadness and depression (OR 4.06 (2.40-6.88), while for suicidal thoughts control tactics were the strongest risk factor (OR 4.41; 1.95-10.02) when controlling for possible confounders. The combined effect of controlling behaviour and physical/sexual violence considerably elevated the risk of ill-health and synergy was present. Controlling men differed in terms of psychosocial characteristics and used more severe violence as compared to men not employing any control tactics. CONCLUSIONS: Physical and/or sexual violence is a serious threat to health in Vietnamese women, especially when combined with controlling behaviours. Health policy and programmes in Vietnam need to address the issue of violence as a most serious violation of gender equity ideas and as an unacceptable part of normal family life.
Language: English
Keywords:
VIETNAM | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | RURAL POPULATION | CURRENTLY MARRIED | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | DISEASES | HEALTH | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | RISK FACTORS | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Comparative Studies | Data Analysis | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 341485

19.

Title: Prevalence, types, and pattern of intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Lima, Peru.
Author: Perales MT; Cripe SM; Lam N; Sanchez SE; Sanchez E; Williams MA
Source: Violence Against Women. 2009 Feb;15(2):224-50.
Abstract: This study assesses the prevalence, types, and pattern of intimate partner violence (IPV) during lifetime and current pregnancy for 2,392 women in Lima, Peru. The reported lifetime prevalence of any IPV (physical, sexual, or emotional) is 45.1%. For women who experienced abuse, the prevalence of lifetime physical, emotional, and sexual IPV is 34.2%, 28.4%, and 8.7%, respectively. Older (>/= 30 years), unmarried, employed, and economically disadvantaged women and those with little education are more likely to experience lifetime and pregnancy IPV. Efforts at universal antepartum IPV screening and appropriate interventions are needed to reduce the burden of violence experienced by pregnant women.
Language: English
Keywords:
PERU | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | PREGNANT WOMEN | PHYSICAL ABUSE | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | Developing Countries | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Measurement | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Violence | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 330547

20.

Title: Good women, martyrs, and survivors: a theoretical framework for South Asian women's responses to partner violence.
Author: Pinnewala P
Source: Violence Against Women. 2009 Jan;15(1):81-105.
Abstract: This article analyzes select psychological and social models to provide a new theoretical framework for South Asian women subjected to partner violence. It focuses on women's help-seeking behaviors and efforts to end violence. Analysis of the stress-coping paradigm, the ecological model, and the transtheoretical approach indicates the possibility of integrating their core constructs of cognitive, contextual, and process elements to provide a culturally relevant model for South Asia. Each model is reviewed from a Sri Lankan clinical perspective to discuss its relevance to South Asian women's experience with, and responses to, violence. This initial theoretical framework will need to undergo further comprehensive theorizing and rigorous empirical testing in different South Asian countries to assess its validity.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA, SOUTHERN | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | CASE STUDIES | COUPLES | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | COUNSELING | VALIDITY | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | PHYSICAL ABUSE | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Measurement | Behavior | Violence
Document Number: 340219

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Spousal violence and spontaneous fetal loss [letter]
Author: Shelton JD; Adetunji J
Source: Lancet. 2009 May 2;373(9674):1520; author reply 1520-1.
Abstract: Amina Alio and colleagues (Jan 24, p 318) make an admirable effort to unravel a myriad of confounders to explain their finding of a statistical relation between spousal violence and spontaneous fetal loss. Spousal violence is clearly deplorable. But, as Alio and colleagues note, it included a wide range of behaviours, including "saying something to humiliate" and pushing and twisting the arm, as well as more violent acts. A biological explanation for such spousal violence "ever" to account for a 50% increase in fetal loss "ever" does not seem obvious. Another explanation is major misclassification with induced abortion. Although the 2004 Demographic and Health Survey instrument for Cameroon attempted to distinguish between the two, responses on numbers of induced abortions, spontaneous abortions, and still births were contained within the same question. It would be easy for respondents to report induced abortions as spontaneous. Induced abortion is notoriously underreported, especially in countries such as Cameroon where it is illegal. On the other hand, both induced abortion and spousal violence might be common markers of other factors such as relationship stress or other dysfunction and thus lead to a spurious finding. There is a response from Amina Alio included.
Language: English
Keywords:
CAMEROON | CRITIQUE | RESEARCH REPORT | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | CLASSIFICATION | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | SPOUSE | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS | ABORTION | FETAL DEATH | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Crime | Social Problems | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Mortality
Document Number: 341098

22.

23.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Predictors of adherent use of diaphragms and microbicide gel in a four-arm, randomized pilot study among female sex workers in Madagascar.
Author: Turner AN; Van Damme K; Jamieson DJ; Khan MR; Pettifor AE; Swezey TA; Bell AJ; Newman DR; Penman-Aguilar A; Raharinivo MS; Randrianasolo B; Ramiandrisoa FN; Behets FM
Author: Mad STI Prevention Group
Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2009 Apr;36(4):249-57.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Participants' protocol adherence may influence assessments of the effectiveness of new female-controlled methods for sexually transmitted infection prevention. METHODS: In 2005 we conducted a randomized pilot study among female sex workers (FSWs) in Madagascar in preparation for sexually transmitted infection prevention trial of diaphragms and a vaginal microbicide. Participants (n = 192) were randomized into 4 arms: diaphragm plus microbicide (Acidform), diaphragm plus placebo gel hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), Acidform alone, or HEC alone. FSWs were seen weekly for 4 weeks. Using multivariable regression with generalized estimating equations, we assessed predictors of adherent product use during all sex acts in the last week. We collapsed the gel-diaphragm arms together and the gel-only arms together for this analysis. RESULTS: Between 43% and 67% of gel-diaphragm users (varying by visit) reported using study products during all sex acts in the last week, compared with 20% to 45% of gel-only users. Adherence increased with follow-up [visit 4 vs. visit 1 risk ratio (RR) for gel-diaphragm users: 1.55, P <0.01; for gel-only users, RR: 1.58, P = 0.01]. Gel-diaphragm users whose casual partners were never aware of products (RR: 2.02, P = 0.03) and who had experienced partner violence after requesting condom use (RR: 1.45, P <0.01) were more adherent. Gel-only users reporting lower sexual frequency (1-9 weekly acts vs. >or=19 acts, RR: 1.98, P <0.01) and no sex with primary partners in the past week (RR: 1.54, P = 0.02) were more adherent. CONCLUSIONS: Gel-diaphragm users had better adherence than gel-only users, and predictors of adherence differed between groups. Addressing modifiable factors during counseling sessions may improve adherence.
Language: English
Keywords:
MADAGASCAR | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PILOT PROJECTS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | VAGINAL DIAPHRAGM | MICROBICIDES | VAGINAL GEL | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | USER COMPLIANCE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Vaginal Spermicides | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 341119

24.

Title: Neuroendocrine response to violence during pregnancy--impact on duration of pregnancy and fetal growth.
Author: Valladares E; Pena R; Ellsberg M; Persson LA; Hogberg U
Source: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2009;88(7):818-23.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the neuroendocrine release of cortisol in response to perceived stress among pregnant women exposed to partner violence and how this affects the duration of pregnancy and the intrauterine growth of the infant. DESIGN: Cross-sectional community-based study. SETTING: Health and Demographic Surveillance System of Leon, Nicaragua. POPULATION: One-hundred and forty-seven pregnant women. METHODS: Standardized scales to measure intimate partner violence, social resources, perceived stress, and socio-economic conditions were applied. Two salivary samples for cortisol were collected in the morning and afternoon on the same day. Linear regression and path analysis were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cortisol levels, gestational age, and weight at delivery. RESULTS: Partner violence during the pregnancy, low social resources, and perceived maternal stress were associated with high level of salivary cortisol. Pregnant women with high cortisol levels were significantly more likely to give birth to small-for-gestational age babies, but not to deliver preterm. A substantial decrease of birthweight, 121-186 g, was associated with an increase in cortisol in association with violence exposure. CONCLUSION: Partner violence during pregnancy is a stressor that provokes high levels of cortisol, which is associated with reduction of birthweight.
Language: English
Keywords:
SWEDEN | RESEARCH REPORT | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREGNANCY | BIRTH WEIGHT | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | IMPACT | STRESS | ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Hormones | Endocrine System
Document Number: 342237

25.

Title: Intimate partner violence against women, health effects and health care seeking in rural Vietnam.
Author: Vung ND; Ostergren PO; Krantz G
Source: European Journal of Public Health. 2009 Apr;19(2):178-82.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health effects and health care seeking were investigated among women in rural Vietnam exposed to physical and/or sexual violence from their partner in the past year. The study was conducted within the framework of the demographic surveillance site in Bavi District, Ha Tay Province in northern Vietnam. METHODS: Face-to-face interviews based on a questionnaire developed by the WHO for use in violence research were conducted with 883 randomly selected women. Past-year violence and health effects were investigated in bi and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of past-year physical and/or sexual violence was 9.2% (n = 81). Women exposed to violence ran a considerably elevated risk of memory loss (OR 3.7; 1.8-7.5), pain or discomfort (OR 3.8; 2.3-6.3), sadness or depression (OR 4.5; 2.7-7.5) and having suicidal thoughts (OR 2.8; 1.04-7.3) compared with those with no violence experience in the past year, when adjusted for socio-demographic factors. Almost 50% (n = 40) of the women exposed to violence reported injuries and, of those, 58% had to seek health care. Conclusions: Physical and/or sexual violence are common occurrences in Vietnam, associated with pain, injuries and mental health problems in exposed women. These results point to the need for a reliable health surveillance system, along with health care and support activities for victimised women, and policy initiatives to prevent this violence.
Language: English
Keywords:
VIETNAM | RURAL AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | PREVALENCE | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES | DEPRESSION | PAIN | SADNESS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | INTERVIEWS | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Demographic Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Measurement | Research Methodology | Health | Mental Disorders | Diseases | Signs and Symptoms | Emotions | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Data Collection
Document Number: 342006

26.

Title: Domestic violence against infertile women in a Turkish setting.
Author: Yildizhan R; Adali E; Kolusari A; Kurdoglu M; Yildizhan B; Sahin G
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Feb;104(2):110-2.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of domestic violence against infertile women in a Turkish setting. METHODS: A total of 122 women with primary infertility attending an obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic were interviewed using the Abuse Assessment Screen questionnaire to investigate their experiences of domestic violence. RESULTS: In total, 41 (33.6%) women had experienced domestic violence because of their infertility. Of these women, 32 (78%) had experienced domestic violence for the first time in the relationship with the current partner following diagnosis of female factor infertility. The percentage of nonabused and abused infertile women who were mostly satisfied with their sexual lives was 56.87% and 29.2%, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Routine screening for domestic violence in infertility clinics is necessary to give affected women an opportunity to access appropriate health care and support services.
Language: English
Keywords:
TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | INFERTILITY | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | PHYSICAL ABUSE | SCREENING | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Violence | Behavior | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 330825

27.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Alcohol use, intimate partner violence, sexual coercion and HIV among women aged 15-24 in Rakai, Uganda.
Author: Zablotska IB; Gray RH; Koenig MA; Serwadda D; Nalugoda F; Kigozi G; Sewankambo N; Lutalo T; Mangen FW; Wawer M
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Apr;13(2):225-233.
Abstract: In a sample of 3,422 women aged 15�24 from Rakai, Uganda, the authors use adjusted odds ratios (Adj OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to examine the association between self-reported alcohol use before sex, physical violence/sexual coercion in the past, and HIV prevalence. During the previous year, physical violence (26.9%) and sexual coercion (13.4%) were common, and alcohol use before sex was associated with a higher risk of physical violence/sexual coercion. HIV prevalence was significantly higher with alcohol consumption before sex (Adj OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06�1.98) and especially when women reported both prior sexual coercion and alcohol use before sex (Adj OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.25�2.56).
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | COHORT ANALYSIS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | YOUTH | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | RAPE | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Measurement
Document Number: 340122

28.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Nepalese women under the shadow of domestic violence.
Source: Lancet. 2008 Feb 16;371(9612):547-548.
Abstract: Although Nepal's decade-long conflict has ended, every year, tens of thousands of women in the country still experience violence. In about 80% of cases, the perpetrator is not a stranger to the woman but a member of her own family. Sanjaya Dhakal reports from Kathmandu. Despite rising political awareness, most women in Nepal are still subject to deeply entrenched discrimination, resulting in a scary situation where violence against them is commonplace. Domestic violence against women, including beatings by husbands. dowry-related murders, and physical and psychological harassment by families is rampant in Nepal, one of the poorest countries in the world. "Of the total incidence of violence against women, domestic violence constitutes over 80%", said Dhana Kumari Sunar, a member of the National Women's Commission (NWC). "Among the various causes of domestic violence, dowry-related hostilities, second marriage by husbands, assaults on women accused of being witches, and disputes involving propertiestop the list", she added. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
NEPAL | SUMMARY REPORT | WOMEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | PREVALENCE | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | DEMOCRACY | POLITICAL FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Measurement | Research Methodology | Political Systems
Document Number: 324556

29.

Title: NGO report on violence against women in Burundi. Executive summary. CEDAW, January 2008.
Author: Action des Chretiens pour l'Abolition de la Torture [ACAT Burundi]; Organisation Mondiale Contre la Torture [OMCT]
Source: [Bujumbura], Burundi, ACAT Burundi, 2008. 7 p. http://www.omct.org/pdf/VAW/2008/CEDAW40th_Rep_alt_Burundi_fr.pdf (French full report)
Abstract: The aim of the report is to show the difficulties faced by thousands of women in Burundi due to the increase of violence against women. It is based on General Recommendation No19 of the Committee that affirms gender-based violence is a prohibited form of discrimination and recommends that States parties: take concrete and efficient measures to eradicate violence against women; ensure sufficient legal protection to all women against every form of gender based violence, including violence within the family, and the respect of their integrity and dignity; establish statistics on the scope, causes and consequences of violence against women and on the efficiency of measures intended to prevent and fight against this kind of violence. Unfortunately, the Government of Burundi has taken few measures to implement this recommendation. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
BURUNDI | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POLICYMAKERS | POLICE | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | VIOLENCE | RAPE | WOMEN'S HEALTH | LEGISLATION | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | LITIGATION | SOCIAL POLICY | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Corrections Officers | Government | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Behavior | Health | Diseases | Policy
Document Number: 326332

30.


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