| 1. Title: Health-related quality of life in patients with HIV/AIDS. Author: Nojomi M; Anbary K; Ranjbar M Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2008 Nov;11(6):608-12. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study was conducted to determine the health-related quality of life in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus or suffering from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), referred to Behavioral Diseases Consultation Center in west of Tehran, Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling method on 139 patients living with HIV or suffering from AIDS at the first half of the year 2006. The method of data collection was summarized questionnaire of World Health Organization (WHO-QOL-Brief). The main measured outcome in this study was quality of life and some related demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: The majority of the patients were males (88.5%) with secondary education (45.3%) and married (27.3%); the majority of them were unemployed (65.4%). The mean+/-SD age of the patients was 35.4+/-6.4 years. Gender, marital status, level of education, CD4+ count, and clinical stage of the disease, had a significant effect on the quality of life of the patients. In multivariate analysis, the most important predictor of the quality of life was clinical stage of the disease. CONCLUSION: The most important factors, association with decreased quality of life of the patients in this study, were being female, separated or divorced, having less CD4+ count, and being at severe stage of the disease. Language: English Keywords: IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | WHO | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | WOMEN | QUALITY OF LIFE | DIVORCED | HEALTH | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | Middle East | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | Marital Status | Nuptiality Document Number: 341363 |
| 2. Title: [Intimate partner sexual violence among men and women in urban Brazil, 2005] Violencia sexual por parceiro intimo entre homens e mulheres no Brasil urbano, Author: Schraiber LB; D'Oliveira AF; Franca Junior I Author: Grupo de Estudos em Populacao, Sexualidade e Aids Source: Revista de Saude Publica. 2008 Jun;42 Suppl 1:127-37. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of intimate partner sexual violence among men and women of the Brazilian urban population and factors associated to it. METHODS: The data analyzed is part of the study conducted between 1998 and 2005 among urban populations in Brazil. The data was obtained by means of a questionnaire applied to a representative sample of 5.040 individuals, men and women 16 to 65 years of age. Descriptive analysis was undertaken with weighted data, utilizing F design-based tests, with 5% significance. RESULTS: The global prevalence of intimate partner sexual violence was 8.6%, being predominant among women (11.8% versus 5.1%). Women consistently reported higher rates of violence then men, except in cases involving homo/bisexual partners. The rate verified for male homo/bisexuals was significantly greater than that found among male heterosexuals, but this difference in rates was not significant among women. The black population, irrespective of sex, referred more violence than the white population. The lower the income and years of formal education, the greater the rates of violence. However, men from poorer regions referred more violence, but this did not occur with respect to women. Diverse situations with respect to work, use of condoms, lower age at first intercourse and number of partners during the last five years differed significantly among women, but not among men. For both men and women sexual violence was associated with being separated or divorced, having had STDs, self -evaluation of being at risk for HIV, but was not associated with testing positive for HIV. CONCLUSIONS: The high magnitude of sexual violence as well as female surtax is confirmed. Violence as a result of gender conflicts, that pervades social stratification and ethnic groups is reiterated. As to the Aids epidemic, sexual violence is an important factor to be taken into consideration when discussing the feminization of the population affected by the disease. Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | DATA ANALYSIS | URBAN POPULATION | SEXUAL PARTNERS | MEN | BLACKS | LOW INCOME POPULATION | DIVORCED | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | PHYSICAL ABUSE | SEXUAL ABUSE | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Violence Document Number: 331145 |
3.  Title: Reducing the gender gap in education: The role of rural wage labour. Author: Sender J Source: Poverty in Focus. 2008 Jan;(13):18-19. Abstract: Analysis of research results from rural Mozambique offers some important new insights into gender relations and the inter-generational transmission of poverty. The Mozambican Rural Labour Survey (MRLS) underpinned the research and covered many of the poorest rural households in the country. In some of these households, especially in households where women have greater autonomy in making resource allocation decisions, the welfare of young daughters is less likely to be neglected than in other households. This finding confirms patterns found in the international literature on the determinants of gender gaps in education and in nutrition between sons and daughters. However, the estimates of 'autonomy' in this literature have not considered divorced and separated status as an unambiguous indicator of women's ability to act independently. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MOZAMBIQUE | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | AGRICULTURAL WORKERS | RURAL POPULATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | DIVORCED | WAGES | EMPLOYMENT | GENDER ISSUES | SEX DISCRIMINATION | EDUCATION | INEQUALITIES | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Macroeconomic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Socioeconomic Factors | Women's Status Document Number: 323223 |
4.  Peer Reviewed Title: Inequalities in mortality by marital status during socio-economic transition in Lithuania. Author: Kalediene R; Petrauskiene J; Starkuviene S Source: Public Health. 2007 May;121(5):385-392. Abstract: The objectives were to analyse the changes in mortality inequalities by marital status over the period of socio-economic transition in Lithuania and to estimate the contribution of major causes of death to marital-status differences in overall mortality. A survey based on routine mortality statistics and census data for 1989 and 2001 for the entire country. The proportion of married population has declined over the past decade. Widowed men and never married women were found to be at highest risk of mortality throughout the period under investigation. Although inequalities have not grown considerably, mortality rates have increased significantly for divorced populations and for never married men, widening the mortality gap. Cardiovascular diseases contributed most to excess mortality of never married and divorced men, as well as all unmarried groups of women. The excess mortality of widowed men from external causes was greatest in 2001. Marriage can be considered as a health protecting factor, particularly in relation to mortality from cardiovascular diseases and external causes. Local and national policies aimed at health promotion must focus primarily on improving the position of unmarried groups and providing psychological support. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LITHUANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | POPULATION | WIDOWED | NEVER MARRIED | DIVORCED | DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY | MARITAL STATUS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | INEQUALITIES | CAUSES OF DEATH | VITAL STATISTICS | CENSUS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | Europe, Eastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Economic Factors | Population Statistics | Behavior Document Number: 314842 |
| 5. Title: Lymphogranuloma venereum caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L3: A case report. Author: Kang E; Gao X; Yin YP; Wang FS; Yao WD Source: Chinese Medical Journal. 2007 Apr 5;120(7):601-604. Abstract: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a systemic sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) L1, L2 and L3, the organism gains entrance through skin breaks and abrasions and travels via the lymphatics to multiply within mononuclear phagocytes in regional lymph nodes. The clinical presentation of LGV depends on the sex of the patient, mode of sexual contact (e.g. vaginal or anal sex) and the stage of the disease. LGV is diagnosed in men up to 6 times more frequently than in women, but the infected women are more likely developed to late stage. LGV is rare in China, however the incidence was increasing in recent years. In this paper we diagnosed a case of LGV, and confirmed this case was caused by L3 serovar of C. trachomatis by using genotype test. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | DIVORCED | SEXUAL PARTNERS | GENITAL EFFECTS, FEMALE | PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | CHLAMYDIA | GENETICS | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses Document Number: 319868 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Induced abortion frequency in Ankara, Turkey, before and after the legal regulation of induced abortion. Author: Maral I; Durukan E; Albyrak S; Oztimur N; Biri A Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2007 Sep;12(3):279-288. Abstract: The objective was to determine the effects of the 1983 law that legalized induced abortion on the number and place of abortions, and on the use of family planning (FP) methods before and after abortion, and to determine the demographic characteristics and reproductive health features according to the order of abortion. This study included 2455 married, widowed or divorced women presenting at Mother and Child Health-Family Planning Centres in Ankara. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Nearly three out of 10 (28.7%) of the women had undergone at least one induced abortion. In the age groups 45-54 and 55-64, 49 and 37.3%, respectively, had had one or more terminations of pregnancy (TOPs). The induced abortion rate increased following the enacting of the law. In the 15-24 and in the 55-64 age group, 55.6 and 89%, respectively, of the women had been aborted by a private physician. Before the index pregnancy, 63.1% were not using contraception compared with 37.3% thereafter. The rate of use of FP increased after the law was passed. Although the most common reason for having an abortion was unwanted pregnancy in all age groups and nearly 60.0% of the women aged less than 55 reported that they were not using any FP method at the time of the TOP, the proportion of women having undergone at least one of these procedures increased after the law was passed, indicating that abortion is used as a FP method. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | WOMEN | CURRENTLY MARRIED | WIDOWED | DIVORCED | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION RATE | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 319634 Notification |
| 7. Title: Women's reproductive health and depression: a community survey in the Gambia, West Africa. Author: Coleman R; Morison L; Paine K; Powell RA; Walraven G Source: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2006;41(9):720-727. Abstract: Depression is the commonest mental illness in developing countries and impoverished women are most at risk. Formal mental health services in these situations are rare. Depression commonly co-presents with physical symptoms or else is unspectacular, so the condition often goes unrecognised. To strengthen the prevention and management of depression, information is required on easily recognisable correlates of depression. This study explored associations between depression and reproductive health conditions in rural African women of reproductive age. A community-based reproductive health survey among rural women aged 15-54 years in The Gambia, West Africa, included screening with a modified Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), a reproductive health questionnaire and a gynaecological examination. Depression was then assessed clinically and data for 565 women were used to estimate the prevalence of depression and examine associations with reproductive health conditions and demographic factors. The weighted prevalence of depression was 10.3% (95% CI 8.3-12.7). Being depressed was most significantly associated with widowhood or divorce (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 8.42, 2.77-25.57), infertility (3.69, 1.42-9.65) and severe menstrual pain (3.94, 1.52-10.27). There were significant differences between ethnic groups. Being in the postpartum period was not associated with an increased likelihood of depression. This study points to the importance of reproductive potential and reproductive health in maintaining women's mental well-being across different strata of a rural and resource-poor society. It could provide an initial focus for the management of women with depression as well as directing future research in reproductive health and psychiatry. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | WIDOWED | DIVORCED | DEPRESSION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | PREVALENCE | INFERTILITY | DYSMENORRHEA | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Population | Mental Disorders | Diseases | Health | Measurement | Reproduction | Menstruation Disorders Document Number: 311113 |
| 8. Title: ["A family of women": an ethnographic proposal on homoparenting in the periphery of Sao Paulo, Brazil] "Uma familia de mulheres": ensaio etnografico sobre homoparentalidade na periferia de Sao Paulo. Author: Medeiros CP Source: Revista Estudos Feministas. 2006 May-Sep;14(2):535-547. Abstract: This article aims to propose a reflection on conjugality in its relationship with parenting, extended family and ex-husbands in a recomposed female homoparental family, from the periphery of São Paulo. Possible variables that influence the manner in which lesbianism is dealt with and experienced will be analyzed, as well as how different positions relating to this question can result in distinct family arrangements. In the case studied the experience of political activism and the conception of lesbianism as a "condition" result in a form of publicity, which has repercussions in the configuration of the family. Finally, beginning with a contemplation of the ethnographic data, the very concept of lesbianism and plural parenting will be reconsidered. (author's) Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | HOMOSEXUALS | PARENTS | EXTENDED FAMILY | DIVORCED | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | DIVORCE | POLITICAL FACTORS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science Document Number: 316640 |
| 9. Title: [Three weddings and some reflection: notes on conjugality involving prostitute transvestites] Tres casamentos e algumas reflexoes: notas sobre conjugalidade envolvendo travestis que se prostituem. Author: Pelucio L Source: Revista Estudos Feministas. 2006 May-Sep;14(2):522-534. Abstract: Starting from an anthropological approach which dialogues with the queer theory, we analyze here three conjugal experiences involving prostitute transvestites. We are going to discuss the limits of those relationships, imposed by the world view that guides the transvestites, people that generally belong to the popular social layers and, in accordance to the hypothesis placed here, are tributary of a holist world view. Thus, we observe that the matrimonial relationships are strongly guided by essentialist interpretations in regard to sex and gender, assigning rigid established roles for each partner. When naturalizing sex which demands a gender supposedly coherent to that anatomy they simply do not accept as destiny, transvestites stay tied to the heteronormative matrix. Informed by a heterosexual matrimonial grammar, they find it difficult to elaborate another lexicon for the matrimonial relationships. (author's) Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | SEX WORKERS | HOMOSEXUALS | EXTENDED FAMILY | PARENTS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | DIVORCED | DIVORCE | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | GENDER ISSUES | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Family Relationships | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Marriage Document Number: 316639 |
| 10. Title: Risk factors for HIV infection among patients infected with hepatitis C virus. Author: Silva AC; Barone AA Source: Revista de Saude Publica / Journal of Public Health. 2006 Jun;40(3):482-488. Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus share the same routes of transmission. Currently, there is a high frequency of co-infection worldwide, especially among users of injectable drugs and in subjects with history of blood transfusions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate risk factors associated to human immunodeficiency virus infection in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. We carried out an epidemiological case-control study, including 118 patients (cases) infected by both viruses and 233 patients (controls) infected only by the hepatitis C virus. Between January 1999 and November 2001, patients responded to a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic and professional characteristics, and major risk factors for virus infection. After description and initial comparison, variables were evaluated by univariate analysis and then by multivariate logistic regression for variables selected through the maximum likelihood test. Co-infection was associated with female sex (OR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.16-7.08), being divorced/widow (OR = 3.91; 95% CI: 1.34-11.35), past or current use of illegal drugs (OR = 3.96; 95% CI: 1.55-10.13) and to the habit of sharing pipes or needles (OR = 10.28; 95% CI: 4.00-6.42). Among patients infected with hepatitis C virus, female sex is a risk factor for HIV infection after adjustment for the habit of sharing pipes and needles. Being divorced/widow, use of illegal drugs, and the habit of sharing pipes and syringes were associated to co-infection. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | CLINICAL RESEARCH | KAP SURVEYS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | DIVORCED | RISK FACTORS | HIV INFECTIONS | HEPATITIS | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEX FACTORS | NEEDLE SHARING | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Studies | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Behavior | Population Characteristics | Risk Behavior Document Number: 312802 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Prevalence of primary infertility in China: in-depth analysis of infertility differentials in three minority province/autonomous regions. Author: Liu J; Larsen U; Wyshak G Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2005;37:55-74. Abstract: Following the 1994 UN International Conference on Population and Development, there was a shift in emphasis on women’s reproductive health and there emerged a need for more knowledge about levels and differentials of infertility. Using the data from the 1988 National Two- Per-Thousand Sample Survey on Fertility and Contraception, this paper estimated the prevalence of primary infertility in China. To determine the predictors of primary infertility, multiple logistic regression analyses were done on three minority province/autonomous regions where primary infertility was the highest. A non-contracepting, sexually active woman was considered to have primary infertility if she had not reported a recognized pregnancy after at least seven years of marriage. The analysis shows that the national level of primary infertility was relatively low (1.3%). Primary infertility was higher in Qinghai (2.3%), Tibet (3.7%) and Xinjiang (3.7%) compared with other provinces. Tibetans in Qinghai and Uygurs in Xinjiang had a higher level of primary infertility than the Han Chinese. Ethnic differences remained after adjusting for other background characteristics. Divorced and remarried women had significantly higher odds of primary infertility compared with first-married women in Qinghai and Xinjiang. The elevated level of primary infertility in Qinghai, Tibet and Xinjiang and its disproportionate prevalence among Tibetans and Uygurs highlight the need for further work to understand the causes and social consequences of infertility for the minority population in China. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | FERTILITY SURVEYS | WOMEN | ETHNIC GROUPS | MINORITY GROUPS | INFERTILITY | PREVALENCE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | DIVORCED | FIRST PREGNANCY INTERVALS | Developing Countries | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Reproduction | Measurement | Research Methodology | Health | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Pregnancy Intervals Document Number: 280610 |
| 12. Title: Ecology and status of women among tribals of India. Author: Bhasin V Source: Journal of Human Ecology. 2004;15(4):237-249. Abstract: India as a whole is characterized by sharp gender disparities, although women's status varies considerably by region. The family structure in the country is patriarchal, patrilocal and patrilineal. Consequently a boy is looked upon as the perpetuator of the family line, and a girl 'a bird of passage'. The Indian family organization makes discrimination between the sexes. With a secondary status, women play but a submissive role in social life. Despite several economic, political and social changes, women, are still far behind. One of the most unflattering statistics concerning India's girl child shows that the preference for a son runs across rich as well as poor households, educated as well as illiterate families. Widespread use of modern technology, a joint failure of medical ethics and failure to shed concept of a male heir has pushed female foeticide to high proportions. Female foeticide is just one side of the vast anti-women behavioural range in India. The tragedy is that even women, who have the choice, opt for a male child. They feel that only with a birth of a son, they will achieve higher status. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | CHILD, FEMALE | DIVORCED | WIDOWED | WOMEN'S STATUS | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | FEMALE ROLE | POLITICAL SYSTEMS | RELIGION | ECONOMIC FACTORS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Economic Development | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Socioeconomic Factors | Marriage | Social Behavior | Behavior | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 304606 |
| 13. Title: Enhancing adolescent health behaviors through strengthening non-resident father-son relationships: a model for intervention with African-American families. Author: Caldwell CH; Wright JC; Zimmerman MA; Walsemann KM; Williams D Source: Health Education Research: Theory and Practice. 2004;19(6):644-656. Abstract: This paper provides a description of and rationale for components of a theoretically based conceptual model that guided the development and implementation of the Fathers and Sons Intervention Program. Using a community- based participatory research process, this intervention was designed to prevent risky health behaviors through strengthening father– son relationships among non-resident African- American fathers and their pre-adolescent sons. The implications of the conceptual model for future interventions with African-American fathers and sons are discussed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | FOCUS GROUPS | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | FATHERS | SONS | BONDING | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | DIVORCED | INTERVENTIONS | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Interpersonal Relations | Behavior | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Programs | Organization and Administration | Child Rearing Document Number: 278738 |
| 14. Title: Sasak women negotiating marriage, polygyny and divorce in rural East Lombok. Author: Grace J Source: Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context. 2004 Aug;(10):[17] p.. Abstract: Rural Sasak society is heterogeneous and complex-a myriad of converging, intertwined and changing socio-economic, political and cultural processes and influences. The overwhelming majority of the Sasak population of East Lombok, in the Indonesian province of Nusa Tenggara Barat, identify as orthodox Muslims. Marriage and divorce are formally regulated by adat (customary law), orthodox Islam and national State laws and regulations, which with respect to marriage and divorce are at times contradictory. In these contested areas the extent to which Islam or secular law is adhered to varies considerably according to more specific local customs and social conventions [adat], social and economic status and cultural orientation. While formal laws and regulations governing marriage, divorce and polygyny present various opportunities and constraints, the ways in which they effect individuals' decisions and actions depend on how they are interpreted at the local level. These interpretations are the result of a various and changing accommodation between competing political-ideological influences in Lombok over the past century. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | EVER MARRIED | DIVORCED | POLICYMAKERS | ISLAM | ARRANGED MARRIAGE | DIVORCE | POLYGYNY | LEGISLATION | FAMILY POLICY | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Marriage | Political Factors | Social Policy | Policy Document Number: 299229 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Child gender and the transition to marriage. Author: Lundberg S; Rose E Source: Demography. 2003 May;40(2):333-349. Abstract: We estimate the effect of a child's gender on the mother's probability of marriage or remarriage using data from the PSID Marital History and Childbirth and Adoption History Files. We find that the birth of a son speeds the transition into marriage when the child is born before the mother’s first marriage. A competing-risks analysis shows that the positive effect of a son is stronger for marriages to the child's biological father than for other marriages. We find no significant effect of child gender on the mother's remarriage probabilities when the children are born within a previous marriage. These results are consistent with a marital-search model in which sons, more than daughters, increase the value of marriage relative to single parenthood. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | UNMARRIED MOTHERS | DIVORCED | WOMEN | WIDOWED | CHILD | GENDER ISSUES | AGE FACTORS | MARRIAGE | REMARRIAGE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Mothers | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Population Characteristics | Marriage Patterns Document Number: 180649 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Divorce and remarriage in rural Malawi. Author: Reniers G Source: Demographic Research. 2003 Sep 19;1 Suppl:S1-S6. Abstract: The demographic study of nuptiality in African countries is not very developed and often of secondary interest in a discussion of the proximate determinants of fertility. This paper uses unusual marriage history data to examine divorce and remarriage in rural Malawi. Life table probabilities of divorce range from 40 to 65 percent and are among the highest on the continent. An investigation into the determinants of marital instability using proportional hazards models confirms the importance of kinship systems and female empowerment, but the mechanism underlying the high divorce rates in Malawi is more complicated than that. This is, for example, illustrated in the effect of the polygyny variables. Marriage, divorce, and remarriage are further considered as empowering strategies that women deploy throughout their lives.(author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | RESEARCH REPORT | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | KAP SURVEYS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | LIFE TABLE METHOD | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | EVER MARRIED | RURAL POPULATION | COUPLES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | DIVORCED | REMARRIAGE | FERTILITY | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | KINSHIP NETWORKS | POLYGYNY | RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Demographic Analysis | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Population Dynamics | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors Document Number: 187671 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: The contribution of HIV to fertility decline in rural Zimbabwe, 1985-2000. Author: Terceira N; Gregson S; Zaba B; Mason PR Source: Population Studies. 2003;57(2):149-164. Abstract: HIV-related sub-fertility has been reported for those populations in sub-Saharan Africa in which contraceptive use is low. We use data from a retrospective survey in rural Zimbabwe and multivariate logistic regression models to show that recent birth rates and current pregnancy rates are also lower among HIV-positive women than among HIV-negative women in those African populations where contraceptive use is high. The fertility reduction is smaller than where contraceptive use is low because age at first sexual intercourse is later and birth rates at older ages are already low. Nevertheless, total fertility is approximately 8.5 per cent lower and HIV-associated sub-fertility may account for as much as one-quarter of fertility decline in Zimbabwe since the late 1980s. Mechanisms for HIV-associated sub-fertility in rural Zimbabwe include more frequent widowhood and divorce, reduced coital frequency, increased amenorrhoea, and possibly, pelvic inflammatory disease. Miscarriage appears to be a less important factor than elsewhere possibly because syphilis is rare. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | AFRICA, NORTH | ZIMBABWE | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | LOGISTIC MODEL | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | ADULTS | WOMEN | RURAL POPULATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | FERTILITY DECLINE | PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE | FEMALE CONTRACEPTION | COITAL FREQUENCY | WIDOWED | DIVORCED | AMENORRHEA | SYPHILIS | FIRST INTERCOURSE | PREGNANCY RATE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Mathematical Model | Theoretical Models | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Contraception | Family Planning | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Menstruation Disorders | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Fertility Measurements Document Number: 181011 |
| 18. Title: Sexual behavior and condom practices among Los Angeles women. Author: Upchurch DM; Kusunoki Y; Simon P; Doty MM Source: Women's Health Issues. 2003 Jan-Feb;13(1):8-15. Abstract: The sociodemographic correlates of the number of recent sexual partners and condom use are investigated in a population-based sample of 1,178 unmarried women living in Los Angeles County. Asian Americans, foreign born, and older women are less likely to be sexually active and that more educated and previously married women are more likely. Among the sexually active (n = 909), Hispanic women and older women are less likely to have multiple partners, and younger and previously married women more are more likely. African-American women and younger women are more likely to use condoms; older and previously married women are less likely. Results from this study indicate that women-centered primary and secondary prevention efforts may benefit from targeting women not previously considered, such as women of post-reproductive age and divorced women. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CALIFORNIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CORRELATION STUDIES | WOMEN | UNMARRIED | DIVORCED | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | ASIANS | BLACKS | HISPANICS | WHITES | AGE FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Statistical Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Sexual Partners | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics Document Number: 194258 |
| 19. Title: Double standards: women's property rights violations in Kenya. Author: Walsh J Source: New York, New York, Human Rights Watch, 2003 Mar. 51 p. (Kenya Vol. 15, No. 5 (A)) Abstract: This report recounts the experiences of women from various regions, ethnic groups, religions, and social classes in Kenya who have one thing in common: because they are women, their property rights have been trampled. Many women are excluded from inheriting, evicted from their lands and homes by in-laws, stripped of their possessions, and forced to engage in risky sexual practices in order to keep their property. When they divorce or separate from their husbands, they are often expelled from their homes with only their clothing. Married women can seldom stop their husbands from selling family property. A woman’s access to property usually hinges on her relationship to a man. When the relationship ends, the woman stands a good chance of losing her home, land, livestock, household goods, money, vehicles, and other property. These violations have the intent and effect of perpetuating women’s dependence on men and undercutting their social and economic status. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | TECHNICAL REPORT | URBAN AREAS | RURAL AREAS | HUMAN RIGHTS | WOMEN | SEX DISCRIMINATION | WOMEN'S STATUS | INHERITANCE | LEGISLATION | GOVERNMENT | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | INTEREST GROUPS | WIDOWED | SEPARATED | DIVORCED | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Demographic Factors | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Ownership | Political Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Marital Status | Nuptiality Document Number: 177436 |
| 20. Title: Relationship dissolution as a life stage transition: effects on sexual attitudes and behaviors. Author: Wade LD; DeLamater JD Source: Journal of Marriage and Family. 2002 Nov;64:898-914. Abstract: In this paper, with the use of linear regressions to investigate how relationship dissolution affects sexual attitudes and behaviors, the authors address the stereotype that newly single people seek multiple sexual partners. Although the newly single people surveyed did obtain new sexual partners, the rate at which they acquired new partners did not support the stereotype. Specifically, men with custody of their children seemed oriented toward finding a steady partner. Additionally, men and women with low incomes reported relatively high rates of partner acquisition after relationship dissolution. The high rates reported by disadvantaged groups may be more directly related to familial instability accompanying poverty than to cultural characteristics associated with income or race. We argue that a life stage model with categorical stages in a rigid, anachronistic progression provides insufficient means to gain an understanding of newly single people. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | ATTITUDES | SEX BEHAVIOR | DIVORCED | CONSENSUAL UNION | STRESS | SEX FACTORS | SEXUALITY | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Personality | Religion Document Number: 286218 |
| 21. Title: Regional variations in nuptiality patterns in Bihar: a district-wise analysis. Author: Mehta RB Source: [Unpublished] [2000]. 19 p. Abstract: The paper deals with analysis finding the regional differences in the nuptiality pattern in Bihar. The study examines the district-wise variations in the female marriage pattern by utilising Coale's three parameter nuptiality model (a0 k and C). The paper also utilises the index of nuptiality (Im, Is, Iw & Ir) in examining nuptiality pattern in relation to standard fertility and nuptiality patterns. The correlations among female marriage timing, female proportion single, female SMAM with Coale's parameter have also been studied. The finding indicates substantial variations in the age at entry into nuptial union (a0), marriage timing and females SMAMs across the different regions and districts of Bihar. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | EVER MARRIED | WIDOWED | DIVORCED | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | FERTILITY | MARITAL FERTILITY | MARRIAGE AGE | MARRIAGE DURATION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Marriage | Geography | Social Sciences | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors Document Number: 194406 |
| 22. Title: The accuracy of survey-reported marital status: evidence from survey records matched to social security records. Author: Weaver DA Source: Demography. 2000 Aug;37(3):395-9. Abstract: Researchers have concluded that divorced persons often fail to report accurate marital information in surveys. Using three databases (New Beneficiary Data System, Survey of Income and Program Participation, and Current Population Survey), this paper examines the accuracy of survey-reported marital status focusing on older divorced persons with deceased ex-spouses. Findings indicated that marital status is primarily misreported among divorced persons with deceased ex-spouses. This pattern of misreporting is seen in all three surveys but there is evidence that the misreporting is unintentional. It is plausible that misreporting is due to confusion about what to call oneself upon an ex-spouse's death. Therefore, it is important to refine survey questions to elicit more accurate responses. This article offers some suggestions on how surveys can be improved. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SURVEYS | MARITAL STATUS | DIVORCED | MISINFORMATION | DATA QUALITY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Nuptiality | Communication | Data Analysis Document Number: 151427 |
| 23. Title: Trends in marriage formation in Sweden, 1971-1993. Author: Andersson G Source: European Journal of Population / Revue Europeenne de Demographie. 1998 Jun;14(2):157-78. Abstract: "The purpose of this paper is to introduce a system of annual indices of the risks of marriage and remarriage and to use the system to display such marriage risks for Swedish women over the years since 1971.... The propensity to marry decreased considerably during the 1970s and it has continued to decrease also during the first half of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s. The decrease in marriage risks is mostly due to a decreased propensity to marry among never-married women with no children. The decrease is not so strong for never-married women with children and for divorced women." (EXCERPT) (SUMMARY IN FRE) Language: English Keywords: SWEDEN | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | MARRIAGE | PARITY | DIVORCED | REMARRIAGE | WOMEN | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Nuptiality | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status Document Number: 255961 |
| 24. Title: [The demographic situation in Quebec, 1998 edition] La situation demographique au Quebec, edition 1998. Author: Duchesne L Source: Quebec, Canada, Bureau de la Statistique du Quebec, 1998 Dec. 256 p. (Statistiques Demographiques) Abstract: This publication is the latest in a series of reports providing information on recent demographic trends in the Canadian province of Quebec. In addition to data on births, deaths, marriages, and migration by region and municipality, the report also provides data on divorces, abortions, and sterilizations. In many cases retrospective data are included. Other topics covered include life expectancy, causes of death, perinatal mortality, female infertility, births outside marriage, children in divorces, consensual unions, civil marriages, migrant countries of origin, language, education, remarriages, and names. Language: French Keywords: CANADA | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | POPULATION DYNAMICS | FERTILITY | MORTALITY | NUPTIALITY | MARRIAGE | DIVORCE | MIGRATION | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | ABORTION | STERILIZATION, SEXUAL | LIFE EXPECTANCY | CAUSES OF DEATH | INFANT MORTALITY | NEONATAL MORTALITY | INFERTILITY | ILLEGITIMACY | DIVORCED | CONSENSUAL UNION | MARITAL STATUS | REMARRIAGE | ORIGIN | LANGUAGE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Developed Countries | North America, Northern | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Length of Life | Reproduction | Social Problems | Marriage Patterns | Communication | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 256887 Notification |
| 25. Title: Examining cross-state variation in the increase in father-only families. Author: Garasky S; Meyer DR Source: POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW. 1998 Dec;17(6):479-95. Abstract: "Each state has the power to establish its own policy and laws relating to child custody determination. The number of single-parent families with children that are headed by fathers has been growing in the United States. This paper explores the extent of cross-state variation in the prevalence in father-only families in 1990, and the extent to which there was cross-state variation in the increase in father-only families in the 1980s. The 1980 and 1990 Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) drawn from the U.S. decennial censuses are used. Decomposition analyses of growth indicate that increases in the number of father-only families occurred across all states during this period, but at varying rates. The primary reason for the increase in most states is an increase in the proportion of ever-married single-parent families that are headed by a father. It is for these families that are headed by divorced or separated parents that state policy relating to child custody determination is most relevant." (EXCERPT) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CHILD CUSTODY | ONE PARENT FAMILY | HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD | FATHERS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | EVER MARRIED | DIVORCED | SEPARATED | POLICY | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Child Rearing | Behavior | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Households | Parents | Family Relationships | Studies | Research Methodology | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Population Document Number: 257101 |
| 26. Title: Remarriage and nonmarital cohabitation among White women in the United States: competing risks and multiple dimensions of time. Author: Martinson BC; Wu LL Source: Madison, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1998 May. [44] p. (National Survey of Families and Households. NSFH Working Paper No. 79) Abstract: We employ competing risk models to examine union formation following a first marital disruption using data from the National Survey of Families and Households. We examine three types of transitions to postmarital unions: remarriage following a first marital separation, cohabitation following a first marital separation, and remarriage following a postmarital cohabitation. Our analyses focus particular attention on the dynamics of union formation via multiple dimensions of time---historical period, current age, duration, age at first marriage, and the percent of adult life spent in a first marriage. We find that rates of entering a postmarital cohabiting union have increased dramatically between the 1950s and the late 1980s. Rates decline monotonically with age for all postmarital unions, but duration dependence differs for each transition, with monotonic declines for entry into a cohabiting union, a nonmonotonic pattern for remarriage of separated women, and no significant variation for remarriage of cohabiting women. The percent of adult life spent in a first marriage, which affects both transitions to cohabiting unions and to remarriage, appears to account for the negative association between age at first marriage and remarriage reported in previous research. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | WOMEN | WHITES | DIVORCED | REMARRIAGE | SEPARATION | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | MARRIAGE AGE | MARRIAGE DURATION | TIME FACTORS | LIFE CYCLE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population Dynamics | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 282628 |
| 27. Title: Nineteenth-century remarriage patterns in the Netherlands. Author: van Poppel F Source: JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY. 1998 Winter;28(3):343-83. Abstract: "This study investigates what became of men and women [in the Netherlands] whose marriages ended during the second half of the nineteenth century. In contrast to earlier research, it not only treats the life courses of widows and widowers; it also compares them to the life courses of men and women who had lost a spouse through divorce.... We conclude that gender was decisive in the probability of remarriage. Age at dissolution was also influential, but its effect differed according to gender.... Being divorced increased a woman's chances of remarrying, whereas divorce or widowhood made no difference to a man's chances of remarrying. The duration of a dissolved marriage also affected each gender differently." (EXCERPT) Language: English Keywords: NETHERLANDS | REMARRIAGE | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | HISTORICAL REVIEW | SEX FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | LIFE CYCLE | DIVORCED | WIDOWED | MARRIAGE DURATION | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Marriage | Nuptiality | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Research | Family and Household | Marital Status Document Number: 254814 |
| 28. Title: [Repercussions of divorce on children] Les repercussions du divorce sur les enfants. Author: Diop F; Bouhouhou W Source: Rabat, Morocco, Institut de Formation aux Carrieres de Sante, 1997. [6], 56, [9] p. Dissertation, Institut de Formation aux Carrieres de Sante. Abstract: Based upon case files for selected children of divorced parents, three detailed case studies, interviews with involved professionals and young people, and observations, findings are presented from a study conducted during January-June 1997 to assess the impact of divorce upon children's education and to suggest potential solutions to minimize the occurrence of related adverse consequences. Each of the three case studies is presented, followed by the perspectives of a psychologist, social workers, a pediatrician, a group of young people, and a group of young social worker trainees upon the subject. The anguish and confusion caused by familial disruption through divorce adversely affects child development, especially when children are young and psychologically vulnerable. Whatever the children of divorced parents cannot find at home, they need to be able to find, at least in part, at school or some other socioeducational structure. The cases and observations presented in this study will hopefully help societies and public bodies to become more aware of the existence of divorce and measure the degree to which it exists in order to reduce the damage it can inflict upon children's education. French Abstract: Ce mémoire de fin d'études de l'IFCS (Institut de Formation aux Carrières de Santé) évoque une étude sur l'analyse des conséquences du divorce sur les enfants aussi bien sur le plan psychologique que sur le plan juridique. Elle s'est basée sur la compilation de dossiers des cas d'enfants de parents divorcés, l'étude détaillée de trois cas représentatifs, et les entretiens avec des spécialistes psychologues, pédiatres, et assistants sociaux et avec des groupes de jeunes et un seul témoignage. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que le divorce au Maroc a des répercussions néfastes sur la des enfants, ils se trouvent dans état de d'insécurité, d'abandon, de traumatisme, et de régression ou de stagnation du développement de l'enfant. Face à ce fléau social, des propositions ont été suggérées telles que information préparatoire ou préliminaires auprès des du parent gardien de l'enfant, aménagement d'une assistance psychologique ou sociale et la création d'un organe ou structure de contrôle garantissant les droits de l'enfant selon les accords internationaux et intra-nationaux. Language: French Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | PERCEPTION | STRESS | DIVORCE | DIVORCED | CHILD | EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Northern | Africa | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Nuptiality | Marital Status | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 159376 |
| 29. Title: Teenaged childbearing and divorce. Author: Hetherington EM Source: In: Developmental psychopathology: perspectives on adjustment, risk, and disorder, edited by Suniya S. Luthar, Jacob A. Burack, Dante Cicchetti, John R. Weisz. Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press, 1997. :350-73. Abstract: Two family forms--those involving single teen mothers and those headed by divorced mothers--are becoming increasingly common in the US. Both types of households occur more often in low-income and Black families and are associated with income loss or welfare dependency. However, conflict, loss, separations, and change are more salient for the adjustment of children in divorced families. This article reviews the literature on adaptive processes operative in both these types of families. Poverty, social isolation, task overload, and multiple moves and changes in housing are common themes across the two family constellations. The literature suggests the economic and social disadvantages of adolescent childbearing can be overcome if the mother completes high school and forms a stable conjugal relationship. Characteristics of the child, the nature of the relationship between the divorced parents, parenting quality, and supports from outside the household all have been found to moderate the adverse effects of divorce. Authoritative parenting by the mother serves to moderate or mediate the outcomes of the multiple risk factors to which children of teen and divorced mothers are exposed. Since adaptation in these families is a dynamic process that occurs over time, more longitudinal studies are recommended. Also essential are policies that enforce the responsibility of nonresidential fathers for the support of their children. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | ADOLESCENTS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | DIVORCE | DIVORCED | ONE PARENT FAMILY | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT | STRESS | MOTHERS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Nuptiality | Marital Status | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Biology | Behavior | Social Behavior | Psychological Factors | Parents | Family Relationships Document Number: 134101 |
| 30. Title: Divorced fathers and their parents -- on the 'social logic' of intergenerational relationships in divorced German and American families. Author: Moch M; Junker M Source: Ithaca, New York, Cornell University, Bronfenbrenner Life Course Center, 1997. 35 p. (BLCC Working Paper No. 97-04) Abstract: The present study deals with the relationships between different generations in Germany and in the U.S. and refers to the connections between divorced fathers and their parents as an example. It pursues the question, in which way divorced fathers shape the relationships with their parents and under which conditions these relationships are most supportive in overcoming the divorce, namely in a way that the relations between three generations on the father's side are upheld. The study is based on an interpretative scheme which was developed in an analysis of families of divorce in Germany. From the analysis of qualitative in depth interviews with 32 German and 13 American divorced fathers emerged four contrasting patterns of interpretation which are based on different meanings of intergenerational relationships. General rules for current and future actions arise from the interaction of these meanings which we call "social logic" of intergenerational relationships. The relationships between the generations can contribute most to overcome the divorce, if the divorcee assesses himself as emotional and economic independent from his parents, but can also be sure, that he can rely on parental support if necessary. In a comparison between divorced fathers in both cultures we found that divorced fathers in the USA and in Germany are faced with different dilemmas to find an agreement between an independent form of living and a commitment between the generations. In the USA on one hand geographical mobility and flexibility in the professional career demand a remarkable separation of the spheres of every day life, on the other hand intergenerational solidarity is necessary especially in cases of economic risks which are not covered by a social insurance system. In Germany many divorced families show a great deal of cooperation between the generations in everyday life and the divorced fathers rely on their parents in many aspects. This in turn is connected with arguments about moral behavior and normative obligations between generations which causes intergenerational conflict. (author's modified) Language: English Keywords: GERMANY | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | PARENTS | DIVORCED | GENERATIONS | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | Europe, Central | Europe | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Comparative Studies | Studies | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior Document Number: 297780 |
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