1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Sexual and marital trajectories and HIV infection among ever-married women in rural Malawi. Author: Boileau C; Clark S; Bignami-Van Assche S; Poulin M; Reniers G; Watkins SC; Kohler HP; Heymann SJ Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009 Apr;85(Suppl 1):i27-i33. Abstract: Objective: To explore how sexual and marital trajectories are associated with HIV infection among ever-married women in rural Malawi. Methods: Retrospective survey data and HIV biomarker data for 926 ever-married women interviewed in the Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project were used. The associations between HIV infection and four key life course transitions considered individually (age at sexual debut, premarital sexual activity, entry into marriage and marital disruption by divorce or death) were examined. These transitions were then sequenced to construct trajectories that represent the variety of patterns in the data. The association between different trajectories and HIV prevalence was examined, controlling for potentially confounding factors such as age and region. Results: Although each life course transition taken in isolation may be associated with HIV infection, their combined effect appeared to be conditional on the sequence in which they occurred. Although early sexual debut, not marrying one's first sexual partner and having a disrupted marriage each increased the likelihood of HIV infection, their risk was not additive. Women who both delayed sexual debut and did not marry their first partner are, once married, more likely to experience marital disruption and to be HIV-positive. Women who marry their first partner but who have sex at a young age, however, are also at considerable risk. Conclusions: These findings identify the potential of a life course perspective for understanding why some women become infected with HIV and others do not, as well as the differentials in HIV prevalence that originate from the sequence of sexual and marital transitions in one's life. The analysis suggests, however, the need for further data collection to permit a better examination of the mechanisms that account for variations in life course trajectories and thus in lifetime probabilities of HIV infection. Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CLINICAL RESEARCH | EVER MARRIED | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | RURAL POPULATION | PREVALENCE | SEX BEHAVIOR | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | HIV INFECTIONS | FIRST INTERCOURSE | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | DIVORCE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Measurement | Behavior | Marriage | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 340104 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: The lived experience of Malawian women with obstetric fistula. Author: Yeakey MP; Chipeta E; Taulo F; Tsui AO Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 May 14;:1. Abstract: Data on women who experience obstetric fistula paints an often tragic picture. The majority of previous research has focused on facility-based data from women receiving surgical treatment. The goal of this qualitative study was to gain an understanding of the lived experience of obstetric fistula in Malawi. Forty-five women living with fistula were interviewed in their homes to learn how the condition affected them and their families on a daily basis. Findings indicate that the experiences of Malawian women with fistula were more varied than anticipated. Concerning relationships with husbands and family, we found high rates of divorce and stigma, yet these outcomes were far from universal or inevitable. Many women, in addition to their families, discussed high levels of support from those individuals closest to them. Nonetheless, many women experienced the fistula as a direct assault on their ability to fulfil social expectations of them as women, wives and mothers. Women identified fertility and continued childbearing as central concerns. The data suggest that we cannot discount the experiences of women living with fistula from continued participation in marriage, community and childbearing. Programmes for outreach and services should consider a broadened range of outcomes of women living with fistula. Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | SPOUSE | VESICOVAGINAL FISTULA | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | STIGMA | DIVORCE | SPOUSAL SUPPORT | FEMALE ROLE | FERTILITY | QUALITY OF LIFE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Urogenital Effects | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Social Problems | Nuptiality | Microeconomic Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Population Dynamics | Social Welfare Document Number: 341494 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: The intergenerational transmission of divorce in cross-national perspective: results from the Fertility and Family Surveys. Author: Dronkers J; Harkonen J Source: Population Studies. 2008 Nov;62(3):273-88. Abstract: We used data on women's first marriages from the Fertility and Family Surveys to analyse the intergenerational transmission of divorce across 18 countries and to seek explanations in macro-level characteristics for the cross-national variation. Our results show that women whose parents divorced have a significantly higher risk of divorce in 17 countries. There is some cross-national variation. When compared with the USA, the association is stronger in six countries. This variation is negatively associated with the proportion of women in each cohort who experienced the divorce of their parents and with the national level of women's participation in the labour force during childhood. We conclude that differences in the contexts in which children of divorce learn marital and interpersonal behaviour affect the strength of the intergenerational transmission of divorce. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | FERTILITY SURVEYS | DIVORCE | TRANSMISSION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Nuptiality | Infections | Diseases Document Number: 330018 |
4.  Peer Reviewed Title: The Netherlands: Childbearing within the context of a "Poldermodel" society. Author: Fokkema T; de Valk H; de Beer J; van Duin C Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(21):743-794. Abstract: The Netherlands has seen a considerable decline of the period total fertility rate and delayed childbearing, just like all other European countries. The drop in fertility, however, has not been as sharp as in many other regions of Europe. The period total fertility rate in the Netherlands has stabilized since the late 1970s at around 1.6 children per woman, and it has even risen slightly since 1995. In addition, although the Netherlands has one of the oldest first-time mothers, completed fertility is still rather high compared to other European countries, suggesting a strong "catching up" of births by women in their thirties. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the main driving forces behind specific fertility trends in the Netherlands. Among other factors, it focuses on changing patterns of home leaving and union formation, declining partnership stability, and the growing acceptability and use of contraception. The chapter also looks at prolonged education, rising labor-force participation of women, economic uncertainties, the growing migrant population, and family policies. Data allowing, and to the extent possible, we examine the effects of these factors on decision-making about parenthood and the timing of childbearing. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NETHERLANDS | RESEARCH REPORT | FERTILITY DECLINE | DELAYED CHILDBEARING | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | MARRIAGE AGE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ILLEGITIMACY | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | MATERNAL AGE | FAMILY SIZE | DIVORCE | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | LABOR FORCE | WOMEN | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality | Social Problems | Contraception | Family Planning | Parental Age | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Human Resources | Economic Factors Document Number: 327728 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Bulgaria: Ethnic differentials in rapidly declining fertility. Author: Koytcheva E; Philipov D Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(13):361-402. Abstract: This chapter provides a detailed description of the fertility changes in Bulgaria during recent decades and discusses possible reasons and consequences. It also gives an overview of the steps that the government has undertaken to offset the considerable decline in fertility. Before the fall of communism, fertility trends in Bulgaria were stable and characterized by a nearly universal entry into parenthood, dominance of a two-child family model, an early start and early end of childbearing, stable mean ages at entry into childbearing and marriage, and low percentages of non-marital births. During the 1990s and in the first years of the new century, we observe a marked, rapid change in fertility behaviour. Together with the severe decline in overall fertility rates, demographic data reveal a significant postponement of entry into motherhood and marriage, a decline of the two-child family model, and an emergence of new family forms. Most research attributes these changes to the particular political and social situation in Bulgaria since 1989. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BULGARIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FERTILITY CHANGES | FERTILITY DECLINE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | ETHNIC GROUPS | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | DIVORCE | ABORTION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | EDUCATION | PUBLIC OPINION | FAMILY POLICY | FERTILITY INCENTIVES | GOVERNMENT | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Marriage | Nuptiality | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Contraception | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Pronatalist Policy | Population Policy Document Number: 327721 Notification |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Stability and change in family structure and maternal health trajectories. Author: Meadows SO; McLanahan SS; Brooks-Gunn J Source: American Sociological Review. 2008 Apr;73(2):314-334. Abstract: Recent increases in births to unmarried parents, and the instability surrounding these relationships, have raised concerns about the possible health effects associated with changes in family structure. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study (N = 2,448), this article examines trajectories of maternal mental and physical health. We specifically focus on mothers' transitions into and out of residential relationships with a child's biological father during the first five years after birth. We find that continuously married mothers are in better mental and physical health than unmarried mothers one year after birth, but the disparity does not increase over time. This finding provides little support for the resource model. Consistent with the crisis model, exiting a marital or cohabiting union increases mental health problems and decreases self-rated health. These effects appear to be relatively short-lived, though, and they are stronger for mental health than for self-rated health. The results also suggest that union dissolution maybe selective of less healthy mothers, whereas union formation does not appear to be selective of healthcare mothers. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | MOTHERS | CONSENSUAL UNION | DIVORCE | MARRIAGE | MATERNAL HEALTH | MENTAL HEALTH | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | DEPRESSION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Behavior | Mental Disorders | Diseases Document Number: 325878 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Couple counselling and testing for HIV at antenatal clinics: Views from men, women and counsellors. Author: Mlay R; Lugina H; Becker S Source: AIDS Care. 2008 Mar;20(3):356-360. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to gain insight from views of Tanzanian men and women on couple voluntary counselling and testing (CVCT) for HIV at antenatal clinics (ANC) in Tanzania. Data collection was through focus group discussions with women aged 25-48 years (n = 8), women 18-24 years (n = 10), HIV counsellors (n = 11), men aged 20-34 (n = 8) and men aged 35-75 years (n = 8) and in-depth interviews (IDI) with five men and eight women. Participants were asked their views concerning men volunteering for CVCT for HIV, motivation of couples to receive results together and effective ways of counselling sero-discordant couples. Many participants agreed on the importance of incorporating CVCT at ANC, while others expressed reservations due to the cultural belief that ANC is for women. The importance of love, care and respect between sero-discordant couples was stressed; nonetheless, many anticipated that disclosure of HIV-positive status to an HIV-negative spouse could result in abandonment, divorce or violence against the woman whether she was sero-negative or -positive. Couple counselling and testing at ANC incorporating the suggestions made by study participants could become an important intervention for the prevention of HIV transmission and maintenance of good relations between sero-discordant partners. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | FOCUS GROUPS | COUPLES | COUNSELORS | COUNSELING | HIV TESTING | ANTENATAL CARE | MOTIVATION | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | BELIEFS | LOVE | DIVORCE | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Interpersonal Relations | Culture | Emotions | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems Document Number: 325506 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Women's employment and union dissolution in a changing socio-economic context in Russia. Author: Muszynska M Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Apr 4;18(6):181-204. Abstract: This study examines the effect of women's employment on the risk of union disruption within the centrally planned economy and transition period in Russia. The empirical part is based on two retrospective surveys conducted in Russia in 2004/2005, covering the years 1967-2004. These are analyzed using hazard regression. The results show that within two periods (1967-1991 and 1992-2004) the risk of union dissolution was similar among women who worked and those who did not work. No differences were found between various employment groups during socialism. In the transition period, however, a variation in the risk of union dissolution among groups of working women existed. The biggest differences are related to company ownership type, with women who worked in private enterprises having the highest risk of union dissolution. (author's) Language: English Keywords: RUSSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | EMPLOYMENT | DIVORCE | DECISION MAKING | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | PRIVATE SECTOR | Asia, Northern | Asia | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Nuptiality | Behavior Document Number: 325917 |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: Effects of single parenthood on educational aspiration and student disengagement in Korea. Author: Park H Source: Demographic Research. 2008 May 18;18(13):377-408. Abstract: The recent rapid increase in divorce, along with its distinctive cultural and welfare environments for single-parent families, makes Korea an interesting case for examining effects of single parenthood on children's education. Using data from Korean 9th and 12th graders, I compare the levels of educational aspiration and student disengagement between students with two parents and those with a single parent, distinguishing divorced single fathers, widowed single fathers, divorced single mothers, and widowed single mothers. Logistic regression analyses show that students with a divorced single parent, regardless of gender of the parent, are much less likely to aspire to four-year university education and more likely to be disengaged than their counterparts with two parents. The effects of widowhood disappear once control variables are held constant. Lower household income among single-parent families explains in part the poorer educational outcomes of their children. Parent-child interaction is another important mediating factor for the effect of single fatherhood but not for single motherhood. The relevance of the extended family system and distinctive features of post-divorce living arrangements in Korea is discussed to understand the effects of single parenthood. (author's) Language: English Keywords: KOREA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | CHILDREN | ADOLESCENTS | EDUCATION | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | ONE PARENT FAMILY | DIVORCE | PUBLIC ASSISTANCE | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | KINSHIP NETWORKS | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Nuptiality | Government Financing | Financial Activities | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors Document Number: 326871 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: Marital strategies for regulating exposure to HIV. Author: Reniers G Source: Demography. 2008 May;45(2):417-438. Abstract: In a setting where the transmission of HIV occurs primarily through heterosexual contact and where no cure or vaccine is available, behavioral change is imperative for containing the epidemic. Abstinence, faithfulness, and condom use most often receive attention in this regard. In contrast, this article treats marriage as a resource for HIV risk management via mechanisms of positive selection (partner choice) and negative selection (divorce of an adulterous spouse). Retrospective marriage histories and panel data provide the evidence for this study, and results indicate that men and women in Malawi increasingly turned to union-based risk-avoidance strategies during the period that the threat of HIV/AIDS materialized. Although both sexes strategize in a similar fashion, men are better equipped than women to deploy these strategies to their advantage. The article concludes with reflections on the long-term and population-level implications of these coping mechanisms. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS | FOCUS GROUPS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | SPOUSE | MARRIAGE | DIVORCE | EXTRAMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV PREVENTION | SEX FACTORS | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Analysis | Data Collection | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Population Characteristics Document Number: 308648 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Overview Chapter 4: Changing family and partnership behaviour: Common trends and persistent diversity across Europe. Author: Sobotka T; Toulemon L Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(6):85-138. Abstract: Following the era of the 'golden age of marriage' and the baby boom in the 1950s and 1960s, marriage has declined in importance, and its role as the main institution on which family relations are built has been eroded across Europe. Union formation most often takes place without a marriage. Family and living arrangements are currently heterogeneous across Europe, but all countries seem to be making the same shifts: towards fewer people living together as a couple, especially in marriage; an increased number of unmarried couples; more children born outside marriage; and fewer children living with their two parents. The relationship between these changing living arrangements, especially the decline of marriage, on the one hand, and the overall level of fertility, on the other, is not straightforward. In most countries, marriage rates and fertility declined simultaneously. However, the aggregate relationship between marriage and fertility indices has moved from negative (fewer marriages imply fewer births) to positive (fewer marriages imply more births). Thus, the decline of marriage, which is a part of the second demographic transition (see Overview Chapter 6), cannot be considered an important cause of the current low fertility level in many European countries. On the contrary, in European countries where the decline of marriage has been less pronounced, fertility levels are currently lower than in countries where new living arrangements have become most common. (author's) Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY LIFE | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | MARRIAGE | CONSENSUAL UNION | FERTILITY CHANGES | FERTILITY RATE | MARRIAGE POSTPONEMENT | DIVORCE | Developed Countries | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements Document Number: 327716 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Hungary: Secular fertility decline with distinct period fluctuations. Author: Speder Z; Kamaras F Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(18):599-664. Abstract: In this study, we demonstrate from different angles that Hungarian fertility basically decreased between 1965 and 2005, but also clearly fluctuated, and showed different patterns in the different periods within this epoch. As a result, the clear communist-era family pattern of "early marriage and childbearing with two children" was replaced, but new family model(s) have not yet fully emerged. We could show that profound changes in partnership behaviour -divorce and cohabitation-started before the change of the political regime, but also that changes in partnership relations accelerated after 1990, and that partnerships have become more fragile. In addition, Western-style values of "empty individualism" and consumerism were clearly present under socialism, but their motivating force was tamed by the communist system, in which population policy played a significant role. Of these institutional changes, we ascribe the greatest importance to the expansion in the educational system and the changes in the labour market. We show that, following the changes in the economic system, the conflict between family and work intensified. The synchronic consideration of values, labour market relations, economic development, and population policy; and the relationship of these factors to fertility and nuptiality trends, enabled us to formulate a developmental scheme of four phases concerning the evolution of fertility since 1965. (author's) Language: English Keywords: HUNGARY | RESEARCH REPORT | FERTILITY DECLINE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS | FAMILY SIZE | POLITICAL FACTORS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | EDUCATION | LABOR FORCE | CONTRACEPTION | ABORTION | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | DIVORCE | Europe, Central | Europe | Developing Countries | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Human Resources | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Nuptiality Document Number: 327726 Notification |
| 13. Title: Marital and reproductive behavior in Italy after 1990: bridging the gap with Western Europe? Author: Castiglioni M; Dalla Zuanna G Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. 36 p. Abstract: With regard to cohabitations, Italy, in spite of a delay of 20-25 years, has begun imitate other Western countries. The number of marital dissolutions has rapidly been increasing, but still far from the level observed in countries such as the USA, the UK and France. Italy's fertility has also begun to change, mainly in the Centre-North areas, where the TFR went from 1.1 children per woman in 1995 to 1.4 ten years later. In the South, fertility decline has not come to a halt. The territorial diffusion of cohabitations, marital dissolution and out-of-wedlock births, overlaps closely with the decline in births in the first half of the 20th century, which in turn replicated the territorial diffusion of scolarization, industrialization and (above all) secularization. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ITALY | EUROPE, WESTERN | CRITIQUE | FAMILY RESEARCH | MARRIAGE POSTPONEMENT | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | DIVORCE | SEPARATION | FERTILITY CHANGES | CONSENSUAL UNION | NEST LEAVING | INCOME | Europe, Southern | Europe | Developed Countries | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Marriage | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 317392 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Residential mobility and migration of the divorced and separated. Author: Feijten P; van Ham M Source: Demographic Research. 2007 Dec 20;17(21):623-654. Abstract: Separation is known to have a disruptive effect on the housing careers of those involved, mainly because a decrease in resources causes (temporary) downward moves on the housing ladder. Little is known about the geographies of the residential mobility behaviour of the separated. Applying a hazard analysis to retrospective life-course data for the Netherlands, we investigate three hypotheses: individuals who experienced separation move more often than do steady singles and people in intact couple relationships, they are less likely to move over long distances, and they move more often to cities than people in intact couple relationships. The results show that separation leads to an increase in mobility, to moves over short distance for men with children, and to a prevalence of the city as a destination of moves. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NETHERLANDS | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | MULTIREGIONAL ANALYSIS | COUPLES | SEPARATION | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY | URBAN POPULATION | DIVORCE | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | HOUSING | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Marriage | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Residence Characteristics | Geographic Factors | Population Characteristics Document Number: 323346 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Explaining cross-national differences in marriage, cohabitation, and divorce in Europe, 1990 -- 2000. Author: Kalmijn M Source: Population Studies. 2007 Nov;61(3):243-263. Abstract: European countries differ considerably in their marriage patterns. The study presented in this paper describes these differences for the 1990s and attempts to explain them from a macro-level perspective. We find that different indicators of marriage (i.e., marriage rate, age at marriage, divorce rate, and prevalence of unmarried cohabitation) cannot be seen as indicators of an underlying concept such as the 'strength of marriage'. Multivariate ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses are estimated with countries as units and panel regression models are estimated in which annual time series for multiple countries are pooled. Using these models, we find that popular explanations of trends in the indicators - explanations that focus on gender roles, secularization, unemployment, and educational expansion - are also important for understanding differences among countries. We also find evidence for the role of historical continuity and societal disintegration in understanding cross-national differences. (author's) Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | SUMMARY REPORT | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | COUPLES | MARRIAGE | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | DIVORCE | EMPLOYMENT | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Developed Countries | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 322098 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Migration and union dissolution in a changing socio-economic context: the case of Russia. Author: Muszynska M; Kulu H Source: Demographic Research. 2007 Dec 20;17(27):803-820. Abstract: Previous studies show that family migration is usually to the benefit of the man's professional career and that it has a negative impact on the woman's economic well-being and employment. This study extends previous research by examining the effect of family migration on union dissolution. We use the event-history data of two retrospective surveys from Russia and apply hazard regression. The analysis shows that couples who move frequently over long distances have a significantly higher risk of union dissolution than couples who do not move or move only once. Our further analysis reveals that the risk of disruption for frequent movers is high when the migrant woman has a job. Frequent migrants had a high risk of union dissolution during the Soviet period but they faced no such risk during the post-Soviet socio-economic transition. We argue that frequent moving increases union instability through a variety of mechanisms, the effect of which may vary across socio-economic contexts. (author's) Language: English Keywords: RUSSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | SURVEYS | COUPLES | MIGRATION | EMPLOYMENT | ECONOMIC FACTORS | DIVORCE | SEPARATION | Asia, Northern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Studies | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Macroeconomic Factors | Nuptiality | Marriage Document Number: 314050 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: Family transitions in young adulthood. Author: Schoen R; Landale NS; Daniels K Source: Demography. 2007 Nov;44(4):807-820. Abstract: Using the first (1995) and third (2001-2002) waves of the Add Health survey, we examine women's family transitions up to age 24. Only a third of all women marry, and a fifth of those marriages dissolve before age 24. Three out of eight women have a first birth, with a substantial majority of those births outside of marriage: 66% for whites, 96% for blacks, and 72% for Mexican Americans. Cohabitation is the predominant union form; 59% of women cohabit at least once by age 24. Most cohabitations are short lived, with approximately one in five resulting in a marriage. We summarize the family and relationship experience of women up to age 24 in terms of four categories, each accounting for roughly a quarter of all women. Category 1 has the women who remain single nonparents. Category 2 has the early marriers, women whose marriage is not preceded by a first birth. Category 3 has those who become single parents. Category 4 has the women who cohabit at least once, but who do not marry or have a birth by age 24. The strictly ordered transitions of the 1950s are long gone and have been replaced by a variety of paths to adulthood. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | WOMEN | YOUTH | MARRIAGE AGE | FIRST BIRTH | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | ONE PARENT FAMILY | DIVORCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality | Pregnancy History | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 322850 |
| 18. Title: Matrilineal family ties and marital dissolution in Ghana. Author: Takyi BK; Gyimah SO Source: Journal of Family Issues.. 2007 Mar;28(5):682-705. Abstract: Although previous work has attributed the instability of African marriages to the diffusion of Western norms and values in the region, fewer attempts have been made to empirically assess how Africa's internal institutional structures, such as extended kinship ties, impact marital outcomes. Guided by rational choice and exchange theories, we argue that the strong bonds that exist among matrilineal family members in particular, rather than within the conjugal unit, may be important to understanding the dynamics of marital processes in the region, and particularly divorce processes. We test our hypothesis with data from the 1988, 1993, 1998, and 2003 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys. Consistent with our hypothesis, the results indicate a significantly higher risk of divorce among matrilineal than nonmatrilineal women. The matrilineal effect persisted even after we controlled for sociocultural and demographic characteristics. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY RESEARCH | COUPLES | EXTENDED FAMILY | DIVORCE | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | KINSHIP NETWORKS | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | CULTURE | HUSBAND-WIFE COMMUNICATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Family Characteristics | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Marriage | Partner Communication | Interpersonal Relations | Behavior Document Number: 322502 |
| 19. Title: Children of adolescent mothers: Exposure to negative life events and the role of social supports on their socioemotional adjustment. Author: Carothers SS; Borkowski JG; Whitman TL Source: Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2006 Oct;35(5):827-837. Abstract: Children born to adolescent mothers have heightened vulnerability for exposure to multiple stressful life events owing to factors associated with teenaged parenthood such as poverty and low levels of maternal education. This study investigated whether early exposure to negative life events such as parental divorce, residential instability, and deaths in the family predicted children's socioemotional and behavioral functioning at age 10. Hierarchical regression analyses suggested that negative life events--which were reported by 94% of the sample--were associated with less favorable developmental outcomes, with social support serving as a buffer between exposure to these events and children's anxiety, internalization, externalization, and maladaptive behaviors. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | MOTHERS | CHILDREN | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | SOCIAL NETWORKS | SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT | POVERTY | DIVORCE | RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Friends and Relatives | Social Behavior | Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Nuptiality | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors Document Number: 312635 |
| 20. Title: Developmental idealism and changing models of marriage. Author: de Jong JA; Ghimire DJ; Thornton A; Pearce L Source: Ann Arbor, Michigan, University of Michigan, Institute of Social Research, Population Studies Center, 2006 Oct. 40 p. (Population Studies Center Research Report No. 06-609) Abstract: Developmental ideas and models concerning family life have been disseminated widely around the world where they have become forces for both ideational and behavioral change. In this paper, we examine the ways in which ideas about marriage have been influenced by these ideas of development in Nepal, where, for centuries, young age at marriage, arranged marriage, and polygamy have been common practice, and intercaste marriage and divorce have been virtually non-existent. Using recently collected data from face-to-face surveys and semi-structured interviews, we demonstrate that large fractions of Nepalis now endorse marriage behaviors more similar to those frequently heralded as "modern" or "developed" family behaviors. Our results suggest that preferred age at marriage has risen, tolerance for intercaste marriage, divorce, and the involvement of young people in the choice of their spouse has increased, and polygamy has become increasingly taboo. Cohort replacement, increasing education, media exposure, and urbanization help explain these changes. However, although there has been dramatic change in the attitudes Nepalis have about marriage practices, we do not find complete acceptance of so-called modern family attitudes. Developmental ideas and models of family life have been creatively and selectively integrated into the continuously evolving models of family life in Nepal. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS | COUPLES | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | FAMILY LIFE | MARRIAGE AGE | CHILD MARRIAGE | ARRANGED MARRIAGE | POLYGAMY | CASTE | DIVORCE | ATTITUDES | VALUE ORIENTATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Family Characteristics | Marriage | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 323274 |
| 21. Title: Gendered relationships and localized Islam: The meaning of marriages(s) and divorce(s) among the Swahili of coastal Tanzania. Author: Krehbiel S Source: [Unpublished] 2006. Presented at the Population Association of America, 2006 Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, California, March 30 - April 1, 2006. [3] p. Abstract: This paper incorporates methods and theory from the field of demographic anthropology to address marriage and divorce in the context of the dynamic relationship between Islam, gender and culture among Muslims on the Swahili coast of Tanzania. A crucial aspect of understanding these processes is to explore the complex and multidimensional nature of relationships between men and women in Swahili society. Historically, the Swahili people are recognized for their high divorce rates; indeed, divorce and multiple marriages over the life-course are described as the typical experience. There are, however, no accounts of how divorce, as a process, impacts the lives of both men and women in Swahili communities. This paper is based on one year of demographic anthropology fieldwork in a rural Muslim Swahili fishing village on the coast of Northern Tanzania and it provides a nuanced understanding of current perceptions of divorce in relation to the ideals and norms of marriage. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | KAP SURVEYS | RURAL POPULATION | DIVORCE | ISLAM | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | GENDER RELATIONS | CULTURE | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Nuptiality | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Marriage | Gender Issues | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science Document Number: 317401 |
| 22. Title: ["A family of women": an ethnographic proposal on homoparenting in the periphery of Sao Paulo, Brazil] "Uma familia de mulheres": ensaio etnografico sobre homoparentalidade na periferia de Sao Paulo. Author: Medeiros CP Source: Revista Estudos Feministas. 2006 May-Sep;14(2):535-547. Abstract: This article aims to propose a reflection on conjugality in its relationship with parenting, extended family and ex-husbands in a recomposed female homoparental family, from the periphery of São Paulo. Possible variables that influence the manner in which lesbianism is dealt with and experienced will be analyzed, as well as how different positions relating to this question can result in distinct family arrangements. In the case studied the experience of political activism and the conception of lesbianism as a "condition" result in a form of publicity, which has repercussions in the configuration of the family. Finally, beginning with a contemplation of the ethnographic data, the very concept of lesbianism and plural parenting will be reconsidered. (author's) Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | HOMOSEXUALS | PARENTS | EXTENDED FAMILY | DIVORCED | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | DIVORCE | POLITICAL FACTORS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science Document Number: 316640 |
| 23. Title: Nonmarital fertility and the effects of divorce rates on youth suicide rates. Author: Messner SF; Bjarnason T; Raffalovich LE; Robinson BK Source: Journal of Marriage and Family. 2006 Nov;68(4):1105-1111. Abstract: Using pooled, time-series data for a sample of 15 developed nations, we assess the effect of divorce rates on gender-specific suicide rates for youths aged 15 - 19 with models of relative cohort size, lagged nonmarital fertility, and an interaction term for divorce rates and nonmarital fertility. The results reveal that, for young men, relative cohort size is positively related to suicide rates, and divorce rates interact with lagged nonmarital fertility. The interaction effect indicates that increases in divorces are especially consequential for suicide cohorts of male youths who were born in periods of high nonmarital fertility. For female youths, only divorce rates exert a significant effect on suicide rates, and it is a positive, main effect. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPED COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS | SUICIDE | DEATH RATE | DIVORCE | DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY | ILLEGITIMACY | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Nuptiality | Fertility | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 310584 |
| 24. Title: Population data on Finland 1990 - 2005. Author: Miettinen A Source: Finnish Yearbook of Population Research. 2006;42:161-170. Abstract: The population data displayed in this report is broken down using several different charts. That data collected was studied every ten years, starting in 1900. So, for example, the population in 1900 was 2,655,900 and then ten years late, the population grew in 1910 to 2,943,400. The charts display the numbers from research such as, age-specific fertility rate, gross and net reproduction rate, live births, illegitimate births, abortions, marriages, divorces, ect. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: FINLAND | VITAL STATISTICS | TABLES AND CHARTS | POPULATION DYNAMICS | AGE FACTORS | AGE SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATE | GROSS REPRODUCTION RATE | LIVE-BIRTH PREGNANCY RATE | ABORTION | PREMARITAL PREGNANCY | DIVORCE | FAMILY SIZE | DEATH RATE | LIFE EXPECTANCY | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | INTERNAL MIGRATION | EMPLOYMENT | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Pregnancy Rate | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Reproductive Behavior | Nuptiality | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Mortality | Length of Life | Migration | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 308377 Notification |
| 25. Title: Marriage among the Gypsies of Turkey. Author: Ozkan AR Source: Social Science Journal. 2006;43(3):461-470. Abstract: Despite the fact that Gypsies have always been traveling communities, it is difficult for them to preserve their own customs and traditions forever. In the light of studies and research about Gypsies so far, conclusions could be formed that the first and foremost maintaining factor is marriage that can be idealized and practiced differently among Gypsies around the world. This work introduces the image and practice of marriage of the Gypsies of Turkey. It has been found out that endogamy is especially very common among the Gypsies of Turkey since it is considered to be the only way of protecting their communal life. Within the general concept of the endogamic marriage, these types have been discussed under such headings as "purchasing," "exchanging," and "abducting." Other issues which have been raised in the study, are polygamy and divorce which are also very common among the Turkish Gypsies. Finally, the significance of marriage for the families and having children as a result have been analyzed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | ETHNIC GROUPS | COMMUNITY | EVER MARRIED | NOMADS | KINSHIP NETWORKS | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | ARRANGED MARRIAGE | POLYGAMY | DIVORCE | TRADITIONAL CEREMONIES | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | VIRGINITY | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Marriage | Culture | Sex Behavior | Behavior Document Number: 324920 |
| 26. Title: [Three weddings and some reflection: notes on conjugality involving prostitute transvestites] Tres casamentos e algumas reflexoes: notas sobre conjugalidade envolvendo travestis que se prostituem. Author: Pelucio L Source: Revista Estudos Feministas. 2006 May-Sep;14(2):522-534. Abstract: Starting from an anthropological approach which dialogues with the queer theory, we analyze here three conjugal experiences involving prostitute transvestites. We are going to discuss the limits of those relationships, imposed by the world view that guides the transvestites, people that generally belong to the popular social layers and, in accordance to the hypothesis placed here, are tributary of a holist world view. Thus, we observe that the matrimonial relationships are strongly guided by essentialist interpretations in regard to sex and gender, assigning rigid established roles for each partner. When naturalizing sex which demands a gender supposedly coherent to that anatomy they simply do not accept as destiny, transvestites stay tied to the heteronormative matrix. Informed by a heterosexual matrimonial grammar, they find it difficult to elaborate another lexicon for the matrimonial relationships. (author's) Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | SEX WORKERS | HOMOSEXUALS | EXTENDED FAMILY | PARENTS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | DIVORCED | DIVORCE | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | GENDER ISSUES | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Family Relationships | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Marriage Document Number: 316639 |
| 27. Title: Romania and the second demographic transition. Author: Rotariu T Source: International Journal of Sociology. 2006 Spring;36(1):10-27. Abstract: This article examines the "second demographic transition" theory in light of changes in the Romanian demographic structure over the past fifty years. The author shows that the birth-death rate imbalance, currently manifested in many countries including Romania, does not necessarily follow from changes in the value system surrounding the family and relationships among its members, nor is it necessarily associated with other behavioral changes such as higher levels of cohabitation, increased divorce rates, and more single mothers, as the theory posits. Findings indicate that for Romanian women, as for many of their counterparts in Western countries, the classic model of the "bourgeois family," which centers on the child, is still the dominant one. Nonetheless, despite rather "traditional" attitudes toward family and children, which have remained pretty stable over the years, since 1989 Romania has experienced a dramatic decline in total fertility rate (TFR), and currently has one of the lowest fertility levels in the world. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ROMANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | VALUE ORIENTATION | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | FERTILITY DECLINE | MORTALITY DECLINE | FAMILY SIZE, IDEAL | CONSENSUAL UNION | DIVORCE | ATTITUDES | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Mortality | Family Size | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Nuptiality Document Number: 320637 |
| 28. Title: Health and Demographic Surveillance System -- Matlab. Volume thirty six. Registration of health and demographic events 2003. Author: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh [ICDDR,B]. Centre for Health and Population Research Source: Dhaka, Bangladesh, ICDDR,B, Center for Health and Population Research, 2005 Jun. [104] p. (Scientific Report No. 92) Abstract: This report presents the vital registration and maternal and child health data gathered from Matlab, Bangladesh, in 2003. The data were collected by the Health and Demographic Surveillance System of ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research. The surveillance area is divided into a ICDDR,B service area and a Government service area. Government area receives government services and ICDDR,B area receives only ICDDR,B services. In the surveillance area as a whole, fertility remained the same in 2003 compared to 2002. The total fertility rate (TFR) was 3.1 per women and the crude birth rate (CBR) was 25.7 per thousand population. In the ICDDR,B area, CBR was 26.4 and TFR was 3.1, and in the Government area, CBR and TFR were 25.1 and 3.2 respectively. The crude death rate was 6.8 per 1,000 population in the ICDDR,B area, while in the Government area it was decreased to 7.0 in 2003 compared to 7.3 in 2002. The infant mortality rate was 42.1 per 1,000 live births in the ICDDR,B area, and in the Government area it was 47.5. The mortality rate among children aged less than 5 years has decreased in both the areas; in the ICDDR,B area it has decreased to 55.2 per 1,000 live births in 2003 from to 61.1 per 1,000 live births in 2002, and in the Government area it was 62.9 in 2003 down from to 73.6 in 2002. The rate of in-migration decreased to 40.4 per 1,000 population in 2003 from 45.7 in 2002, and the rate of out-migration increased to 55.4 per 1,000 in 2003 from 52.4 in 2002. The net out-migration rate was 15.0 per 1,000 population, thereby offsetting the rate of natural increase, which amounted to 18.8 per 1,000 in 2003. The overall annual population growth rate was 0.4%. The marriage rate was 14.1 per 1,000 population, and the divorce rate was 101.1 per 1,000 marriages. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | HEALTH SURVEYS | POPULATION | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | DIVORCE | FAMILY PLANNING | POPULATION DYNAMICS | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | VITAL STATISTICS | FERTILITY RATE | DEATH RATE | MIGRATION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Health | Marriage | Nuptiality | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Mortality Document Number: 290422 |
| 29. Peer Reviewed Title: Marital disruption: determinants and consequences on the lives of women in a rural area of Bangladesh. Author: Bhuiya A; Chowdhury AM; Momen M; Khatun M Source: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 2005 Mar;23(1):82-94. Abstract: This study, carried out during the second half of 1995, investigated the predisposing factors leading to marital disruption and its consequences on the lives of women in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Data were generated from detailed case studies and quantitative surveys of a small number of maritally-disrupted women. Additional data were used from the ongoing demographic surveillance system of ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research. The findings revealed that divorced and abandoned women and their children were extremely vulnerable, both socially and economically. Various factors that influence marital disruption were identified, the most important ones being: aspects determining the process of marriage, various family problems due to nonfulfillment of demand for dowry, mutual distrust, extramarital relationships, quality of sexual life, education of women, and other behavioural characteristics of individuals. Level of education of the wife showed an inverse relationship with the risk of divorce. Women who did not have livebirths from their first pregnancy had a higher risk of divorce. The effect of pregnancy outcome was dependent on the level of education of women. Illiterate women with unsuccessful pregnancy outcomes were at the highest risk of being divorced, with the lowest risk for women with some education and a livebirth. The findings clearly indicate the need for broad-based social development programmes for women, especially to enhance their education to reduce their vulnerability to marital instability and its consequences. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | RURAL POPULATION | ILLITERATES | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | DIVORCE | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | SATISFACTION | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Status | Marriage | Nuptiality | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 286998 |
| 30. Title: The dynamics of honor killings in Turkey: prospects for action. Author: Kardam F; Alpar Z; Yuksel I; Ergun E Source: Ankara, Turkey, United Nations Development Programme [UNDP], 2005 Nov. 85 p. Abstract: In light of the experiences in Istanbul, field research was subsequently carried out in Adana during February 17 - March 5, in Sanliurfa between March 20 - April 10 and during April 10 - April 25 in Batman. This report attempts to gather the results from qualitative research in the four cities dealing mainly with perspectives on honor which actually prepare the ground for honor crimes and legitimize the penalties for so called 'dishonorable conduct'. The experiences of the research team in each city and a preliminary discussion of the findings in different cities encourage us to believe that, although the socio-structural differences in each city inevitably affect the nature and consequences of 'dishonorable conduct', there is enough similarity to make general evaluations. Whenever necessary, reference is made to tendencies observed in individual cities. Different cases of 'dishonorable conduct' narrated by interviewees are also analyzed to understand what factors affect the penalty in each case. All this and the information obtained from individuals, professionals and NGOs on action proposals regarding this issue is used to discuss prospects for action at the end of the report. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | SUMMARY REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | WOMEN | SEXUALITY | INFIDELITY | DIVORCE | CRIME | CAUSES OF DEATH | CULTURE | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sex Behavior | Nuptiality | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics Document Number: 318268 |
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