1.  Peer Reviewed Title: How does gestational diabetes affect postpartum contraception in nondiabetic primiparous women? Author: Beydoun HA; Beydoun MA; Tamim H Source: Contraception. 2009 Apr;79(4):290-6. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to explore the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on postpartum contraception among nondiabetic primiparous women. STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analyses of 2004-2005 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data from Michigan and Oregon. METHODS: Analyses were performed on 2332 women, taking complex survey design into consideration. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (cOR; aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Postpartum use of hormonal (aOR=1.12, 95% CI: 0.68-1.83) and nonhormonal (aOR=1.18, 95% CI: 0.73-1.92) contraception were not influenced by GDM after controlling for confounders. Female sterilization was more frequently adopted (cOR=4.99, 95% CI: 1.13-22.17) and depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) (cOR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.23-1.18), diaphragm/cervical cap/sponge (cOR=0.13, 95% CI: 0.016-0.95) and cervical ring (cOR=0.13, 95% CI: 0.017-0.98) were less frequently adopted by women reporting GDM diagnosis. CONCLUSION: With few exceptions, GDM does not appear to affect postpartum hormonal and nonhormonal contraception. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGY | DIABETES | PARITY | CONTRACEPTION | POSTPARTUM | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Public Health | Health | Diseases | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Puerperium | Reproduction Document Number: 330558 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: [Spatial distribution of elderly individuals in a medium-sized city in São Paulo State, Brazil, according to key socio-demographic and morbidity characteristics] Distribuição espacial dos idosos de um município de médio porte do interior paulista segundo algumas características sócio-demográfi cas e de morbidade. Author: Campos FG; Barrozo LV; Ruiz T; Cesar CL; Barros MB; Carandina L; Goldbaum M Source: Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2009 Jan;25(1):77-86. Abstract: Geographic Information Systems serve as important public health tools for analyzing population disease distribution and thus for identifying individuals with chronic non-communicable diseases. The current study performed a spatial analysis of the distribution of the population 60 years and older in the city of Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, studying the socio-demographic profile and the presence of diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. Data were analyzed from 468 elderly individuals from a population survey conducted in 2001-2002. Elders with the highest socioeconomic status live in the census tracts with the highest social strata, as proven statistically by spatial analysis techniques for income and schooling. No spatial distribution pattern was found for elderly individuals with hypertension and diabetes, who were located heterogeneously on the map. The study suggests the use of geoprocessing techniques for digital mapping of areas covered by primary health care units, aimed at better monitoring of the distribution of elderly individuals with chronic diseases and their care by health professionals. Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGY | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | DISEASES | HYPERTENSION | DIABETES | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Public Health | Health | Population | Vascular Diseases | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 341870 |
3.  Title: The growing chronic disease burden: implications for reproductive health. Author: Drake JK Source: Outlook. 2009 Jul;26(1):8 p. Abstract: Approximately 80 percent of deaths from chronic disease occur in low- and middle-income countries, where people tend to develop these diseases at younger ages, suffer longer, and die sooner. A recent analysis found that chronic disease is an "important cause of female death, even during childbearing years, and for women with young families." The newsletter provides background on the growing chronic disease burden in developing countries, and explores current and anticipated impacts of cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, and obesity on reproductive health. Examples include hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy and contraceptive choice and access for women with cardiovascular conditions and risk factors. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGY | DISEASES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL MORTALITY | DEATH RATE | HYPERTENSION | DIABETES | SCREENING | FAMILY PLANNING | TREATMENT | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Public Health | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Vascular Diseases | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 341982 |
| 4. Title: Epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in China. Author: Fan JG; Farrell GC Source: Journal of Hepatology. 2009 Jan;50(1):204-10. Abstract: Fatty liver (steatosis) is highly prevalent in China and is more often linked to obesity than to alcoholism. Among more affluent regions of China, the community prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is approximately 15%. With the increasing pandemic of obesity, the prevalence of NAFLD has approximately doubled in the past decade. The risk factors resemble those in other ethnic populations, but it is important to note that ethnic-specific definitions of central obesity, obesity and metabolic syndrome are more useful in assessment of Chinese people. The full range of histological manifestations of NAFLD has been demonstrated in Chinese patients, but to date hepatic severity is generally mild. In contrast to chronic hepatitis C, steatosis is less common in patients with chronic hepatitis B; it is associated with metabolic, and not viral factors and does not appear to affect disease severity. Although long-term outcomes of NAFLD in Chinese populations remain unclear, it may be a predictor of metabolic disorders, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Public health interventions are therefore indicated to halt or reverse the national trend of obesity in China so as to improve liver as well as metabolic health. Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | ETHNIC GROUPS | PREVALENCE | HEPATIC EFFECTS | OBESITY | RISK FACTORS | CULTURE | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | HEPATITIS | METABOLIC EFFECTS | LONGTERM EFFECTS | DIABETES | CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Measurement | Physiology | Biology | Body Weight | Sociocultural Factors | Lipids | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Time Factors | Population Dynamics Document Number: 330390 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: The vital signs of chronic disease management. Author: Harries AD; Zachariah R; Kapur A; Jahn A; Enarson DA Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2009 Jun;103(6):537-40. Abstract: The vital signs of pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature and respiratory rate are the 'nub' of individual patient management. At the programmatic level, vital signs could also be used to monitor the burden and treatment outcome of chronic disease. Case detection and treatment outcome constitute the vital signs of tuberculosis control within the WHO's 'DOTS' framework, and similar vital signs could be adapted and used for management of chronic diseases. The numbers of new patients started on therapy in each month or quarter (new incident cases) are sensitive indicators for programme performance and access to services. Using similar reporting cycles, treatment outcomes for all patients can be assessed, the vital signs being: alive and retained on therapy at the respective facility; died; stopped therapy; lost to follow-up; and transferred out to another facility. Retention on treatment constitutes the prevalent number of cases, the burden of disease, and this provides important strategic information for rational drug forecasting and logistic planning. If case numbers and outcomes of chronic diseases were measured reliably and consistently as part of an integrated programmatic approach, this would strengthen the ability of resource-poor countries to monitor and assess their response to these growing epidemics. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPED COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | CLIENTS | MANAGEMENT | PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE | TUBERCULOSIS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | DISEASES | TREATMENT | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | DIABETES | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Infections | HIV | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine Document Number: 342748 |
| 6. Title: [Impact of maternal antecedents on neonatal mortality in a regional perinatal hospital] Repercusion de los antecedentes maternos en la mortalidad neonatal de un hospital Author: Osorno Covarrubias L; Watty Caceres C; Alonzo Vazquez F; Davila Velazquez J; Echeverria Eguiluz M Source: Ginecologia Y Obstetricia De Mexico. 2009 Jan;77(1):3-12. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence of maternal risk factors and evaluate their impact on neonatal mortality in a regional perinatal center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 25,365 live newborns was studied between January 1st 2000 and December 31st 2004. Maternal antecedents were registered in a data base: sociodemographic; medical history; obstetric antecedents of previous pregnancies; as well as evolution of current pregnancy and birth. Newborn birth weight, gestational age and condition at discharge were registered too. Neonates who died were considered cases and controls those discharged alive. Mortality was compared to the presence or absence of risk factors in maternal medical history. Prevalence, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval, and attributable fraction in the exposed and the population were calculated with the SPSS 8.0 and Epi Info 6.4 programs. RESULTS: The most notable maternal factors associated with newborn mortality were maternal age > or = 30 years OR 1.5 (1.37-2.0), less than 7 prenatal exams OR 2.17 (1.52-3.09) (53.5% attributable fraction in the exposed and 23.3% in population), eclampsia OR 4.66 (2.82-7.64), type-II diabetes OR 5.41 (2.11-12.99), urinary tract infection OR 1.98 (1.40-2.78), positive serology to human immunodeficiency virus OR 41.75 (5.77-230.9), membrane rupture > or = 48 hours OR 22.99 (13.10-40.2), polyhydramnios OR 31.53 (19.12-51.6) and abruptio placentae OR 42.18 (21.06-83.1). CONCLUSIONS: Transpartum risk factors had a larger impact on mortality than pregnancy or pregestational factors. Language: Spanish Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | COHORT ANALYSIS | INFANT MORTALITY | RISK FACTORS | PREGNANCY HISTORY | BIRTH HISTORY | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | PREECLAMPSIA | DIABETES | HIV INFECTIONS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Viral Diseases Document Number: 341999 |
| 7. Title: [Options of hormonal contraceptives and substitution in female diabetic patients] Moznosti hormonalni antikoncepce a substituce u diabeticek. Author: Sadlonova J Source: Vnitrni Lekarstvi. 2009 Apr;55(4):375-83. Abstract: The pregnancy planning is extremely important for women with diabetes mellitus and therefore, reliable contraceptives are indispensable for such women. Generally, female diabetic patients can use the same forms of contraceptives as healthy women, however, in their case many specific circumstances must be considered, which are addressed in the first part of the overview. In particular, the selection of hormonal contraceptives for type I female diabetic patients with late complications and type II female diabetic patients is problematic as in this area very few studies are available. The other part of the overview is dedicated to hormonal substitution therapy. The author discusses its metabolic effects and possible administration to female diabetic patients. Menopause and diabetes mellitus are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular complications. Both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control of risk factors may reduce the risk of the disease. However, a definite recommendation of hormonal substitution therapy is not possible; both the benefits and risks for a particular female patient need to be considered. Language: Czech Keywords: RESEARCH REPORT | CLIENTS | WOMEN | DIABETES | PREGNANCY | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS | RISK FACTORS | MENOPAUSE | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Reproduction | Contraception | Physiology | Biology | Health Document Number: 341198 |
| 8. Title: Contraception and pregnancy in cystic fibrosis. Author: Thorpe-Beeston JG Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2009 Jul;102 Suppl 1:3-10. Abstract: This journal article is based on cystic fibrosis (CF) and its connection to fertility, contraception, and pregnancy. It explains that advancements in the management of CF has made parenthood more realistic for many women and increasingly affected men. It also touches on the complications that could result from a pregnancy when affected by CF as well as the need for prepregnancy counseling for young CF patients. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | LITERATURE REVIEW | RECOMMENDATIONS | CLIENTS | HEREDITARY DISEASES | COMPLICATIONS | PULMONARY EFFECTS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | FERTILITY | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | DIABETES | ANTIBIOTICS | GENETIC COUNSELING | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | Contraception | Family Planning | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Counseling | Clinic Activities Document Number: 342141 |
| 9. Title: Family Planning Practices among Women with Diabetes and Overweight and Obese Women in the 2002 National Survey for Family Growth. Author: Vahratian A; Barber JS; Lawrence JM; Kim C Source: Diabetes Care. 2009 Jun;32(6):1026-1031. Abstract: Objective: To examine contraceptive practices among diabetic women and obese women. Research Design and Methods: We analyzed the responses of 5,955 participants aged 20-44 years in the 2002 National Survey for Family Growth. Diabetes, BMI, desire for pregnancy, history of infertility treatment, sexual activity, parity, and demographic variables (age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, income, insurance, and smoking) were obtained by self-report. Lack of contraception was defined as absence of hormonal, barrier, or sterilization based methods. Associations between contraception, diabetes, and BMI category were assessed in multivariable logistic regression models among non-sterile sexually active women. Results: In unadjusted comparisons among sexually active women who were not sterilized, women with diabetes were more likely to lack contraception than women without diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 2.61, 95% CI 1.22, 5.58). Women with BMIs >/= 35 kg/m(2) were more likely to lack contraception compared to women with BMIs < 25 kg/m(2) (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.16, 2.28), but associations between contraception use and lesser degrees of overweight and obesity were not significant. In multivariable models, women who were older (>/=30 years vs. 20-29 years), non-Hispanic black race, were cohabitating, had a history of infertility treatment, and desired or were ambivalent about pregnancy were significantly more likely to lack contraception. The association between diabetes, BMI, and contraception were no longer significant after these adjustments. Conclusions: Older women with diabetes and obesity who desire pregnancy, regardless of pregnancy intention, should be targeted for preconceptive management. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | OBESITY | PREGNANCY | FAMILY PLANNING | BODY WEIGHT | DIABETES | RISK FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Physiology | Biology | Reproduction | Diseases | Health Document Number: 330574 |
| 10. Title: HIV-related lipodystrophy in Africa and Asia. Author: Womack J Source: AIDS Reader. 2009 Apr;19(4):131-9, 148-52. Abstract: This article reviews the medical literature for information about lipodystrophy in Africa and Asia. These 2 regions were selected because both are of particular interest to the declaration for universal access. Africa represents the epidemic's epicenter. Asia, especially India and China, will soon have HIV / AIDS prevalence rates that will outstrip those seen in the rest of the world combined. The methodology is summarized first: how articles were selected, the inclusion and exclusion criteria used, and how information was synthesized. The results and discussion focus on 3 specific areas: how lipodystrophy is defined and measured, the study populations, and the persons excluded from these studies. A summary of what is and what is not yet known about lipodystrophy in Africa and Asia is also included. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | ASIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | UNAIDS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | GLUCOSE METABOLISM EFFECTS | DIABETES | HEART DISEASES | RISK FACTORS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | QUALITY OF LIFE | TREATMENT | OBSTACLES | Developing Countries | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Lipids | Physiology | Biology | Carbohydrate Metabolic Effects | Metabolic Effects | Health | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341055 |
| 11. Title: Checklist for screening clients who want to initiate combined oral contraceptives. Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, FHI, 2008. [3] p. Abstract: Research findings have established that combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are safe and effective for use by most women, including those who are at risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and those living with or at risk of HIV infection. However, for some women with certain medical conditions -- such as breast cancer, ischemic heart disease, or stroke -- COC use is not recommended. Women who wish to use COCs should therefore be screened for such medical conditions in order to determine if they are appropriate candidates for this method. Based on the recently revised recommendations from Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (WHO, 2004; updated 2008), Family Health International (FHI) has developed a simple checklist for use by both clinical and nonclinical health care providers, including community-based distributors, to help screen clients who have made an informed decision to use COCs. The COC Checklist consists of 17 questions designed to identify medical conditions that would prevent safe COC use or require further screening. It also provides further guidance and directions based on clients' responses. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | MANUAL | STANDARDS | PARAMEDICAL PERSONNEL | COMMUNITY WORKERS | WOMEN | CLIENTS | COUNSELING | CLINICAL DISTRIBUTION | SCREENING | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | SAFETY | BREASTFEEDING | TOBACCO USE | HEADACHE | DIABETES | TUBERCULOSIS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Clinic Activities | Distributional Activities | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Public Health | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Behavior | Diseases | Infections Document Number: 331507 |
| 12. Title: Checklist for screening clients who want to initiate DMPA (or NET-EN). Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, FHI, 2008. [3] p. Abstract: Research findings have established that depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and norethisterone enantate (NET-EN) are safe and effective for use by most women, including those who are at risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and those living with or at risk of HIV infection. However, for some women, use of these injectables is not usually recommended due to the presence of certain medical conditions, such as breast cancer or most types of liver tumors. For this reason, women who wish to use DMPA must be screened for certain medical conditions in order to determine if they are appropriate candidates for this method. Based on the recently revised recommendations of the Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (WHO, 2004; updated 2008), Family Health International (FHI) has developed a simple checklist for use by both clinical and nonclinical health care providers, including community-based distributors, to help screen clients who have made an informed decision to use DMPA. The DMPA Checklist consists of 14 questions designed to identify medical conditions that would prevent safe DMPA use or require further screening. It also provides further guidance and directions based on clients' responses. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | MANUAL | STANDARDS | CLIENTS | PARAMEDICAL PERSONNEL | WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE | CLINICAL DISTRIBUTION | NONCLINICAL DISTRIBUTION | SAFETY | SCREENING | BREASTFEEDING | TOBACCO USE | HEADACHE | DIABETES | TUBERCULOSIS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Distributional Activities | Public Health | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Behavior | Infections Document Number: 331508 |
| 13. Title: Polycystic ovary syndrome in the Indian subcontinent. Author: Allahbadia GN; Merchant R Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine. 2008 Jan;26(1):22-. Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, multifaceted, heterogeneous disorder that affects ~5 to 10% of women of reproductive age. It is characterized by hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and chronic anovulation along with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia as frequent metabolic traits (metabolic syndrome) that culminate in serious long-term consequences such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, endometrial hyperplasia, and coronary artery disease. It is one of the most common causes of anovulatory infertility. However, the heterogeneous clinical features of PCOS may change throughout the life span, starting from adolescence to postmenopausal age, largely influenced by obesity and metabolic alterations, and the phenotype of women with PCOS is variable, depending on the ethnic background. The etiology of PCOS is yet to be elucidated; however, it is believed that in utero fetal programming may have a significant role in the development of PCOS phenotype in adult life. Though a woman may be genetically predisposed to developing PCOS, it is only the interaction of environmental factors (obesity) with the genetic factors that results in the characteristic metabolic and menstrual disturbances and the final expression of the PCOS phenotype. Irrespective of geographic locations, a rapidly increasing prevalence of polycystic ovarian insulin resistance syndrome, excess body fat, adverse body fat patterning, hypertriglyceridemia, and obesity-related disease, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, have been reported in Asian Indians, suggesting that primary prevention strategies should be initiated early in this ethnic group. In lieu of the epidemic increase in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus in most industrialized countries including China and India owing to Westernization, urbanization, and mechanization, and evidence suggesting a pathogenetic role of obesity in the development of PCOS and related infertility, active intervention to combat the malice of these disorders is warranted. Pharmacologic therapy is a critical step in the management of patients with metabolic syndrome when lifestyle modifications fail to achieve the therapeutic goals, and studies in China and India have proved to be effective. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | OVARIAN CYSTS | PREVALENCE | MENSTRUATION DISORDERS | DIABETES | METABOLIC EFFECTS | BODY WEIGHT | DRUGS | GONADOTROPINS | TREATMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Physiology | Biology | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Hormones | Endocrine System Document Number: 323539 |
| 14. Title: Medical treatment of retrograde ejaculation in diabetic patients: A hope for spontaneous pregnancy. Author: Arafa M; El Tabie O Source: Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2008 Jan;5(1):194-198. Abstract: Retrograde ejaculation (RE) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus. Different therapeutic approaches are present, whether medical or surgical, with limited success rates. The aim of the present study is to evaluate different drug regimens for the medical treatment of RE in diabetic patients. Thirty-three diabetic patients with RE (23 complete and 10 partial) were included in the study. Patients were given three sequential courses of medical treatment: imipramine 25 mg twice/day, pseudoephidrine 120 mg twice/day, or combination of the two drugs. Establishment of antegrade ejaculate in cases with complete RE and improvement of semen quality in case of partial RE. In cases with complete RE, imipramine was successful in producing antegrade ejaculate in 10 patients (38.5%), while pseudoephedrine was successful in 11 patients (47.8%), and both drugs given together was successful in 16 patients (61.5%). In cases with partial RE, there was significant increase in the antegrade semen sample as regards semen volume, sperm count, total, and progressive motility with imipramine alone, pseudoephidrine alone, and both drugs. From the present study we can conclude that medical treatment for RE in diabetic patients is a promising method and should be the first line of treatment in these cases. (author's) Language: English Keywords: EGYPT | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | DIABETES | UROGENITAL EFFECTS | PREGNANCY | DRUGS | TREATMENT | SEMEN | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Research Methodology | Diseases | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Reproduction | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Seminal Vesicles | Genitalia, Male | Genitalia | Examinations and Diagnoses Document Number: 313373 |
| 15. Title: Sex differences in the control of glucose homeostasis. Author: Blaak E Source: Current Opinion In Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2008 Jul;11(4):500-4. Abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A markedly higher prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance has been reported in women than in men, whereas the opposite was seen for impaired fasting glucose. The present review focuses on the underlying mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS: An increased meal glucose appearance and disturbances in postprandial glucose disposal may contribute to higher glucose concentrations in women. An increased, similar or reduced insulin sensitivity has been reported in women than in men, which makes it unclear to what extent a disturbed insulin-mediated glucose disposal may contribute to increased postprandial glucose concentrations in women. This discrepancy may be explained by differences in the phase of menstrual cycle during the study, the use of oral contraceptives and different degrees of physical fitness. Nevertheless, there are consistent data indicating that women are protected against fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. Furthermore, both disturbances in endogenous glucose output and metabolic clearance of glucose may contribute to the reduced fasting glucose concentrations in women. SUMMARY: There is an urgent need for studies that test whether sex-related disturbances in glucose metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, taking age, menstrual cycle, the use of oral contraceptives and physical activity into account. Language: English Keywords: NETHERLANDS | LITERATURE REVIEW | CLINICAL RESEARCH | ADULTS | WOMEN | PREVALENCE | SEX FACTORS | GLUCOSE METABOLISM EFFECTS | TIME FACTORS | DIABETES | AGE FACTORS | MENSTRUAL CYCLE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, SIDE EFFECTS | FITNESS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Measurement | Carbohydrate Metabolic Effects | Metabolic Effects | Physiology | Biology | Population Dynamics | Diseases | Menstruation | Reproduction | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Public Health | Health Document Number: 328649 |
| 16. Title: [Myocardial infarction and oral contraceptives] Infarctus du myocarde et contraceptifs oraux. Author: Bounhoure JP; Galinier M; Roncalli J; Assoun B; Puel J Source: Bulletin De L'Academie Nationale De Medecine. 2008 Mar;192(3):569-79; discussion 579. Abstract: Shortly after the introduction of oral contraceptives in 1960, myocardial infarction (MI) started to emerge as a major adverse effect. Its mechanism and pathophysiology have remained elusive. Many epidemiological studies identified smoking, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia as risk factors for coronary thrombosis in young women using oral contraceptives. The pathogenesis of MI involves two phases: atherosclerotic plaque formation, and thrombotic arterial occlusion. The use of very low doses of estrogen (less than 50 microg of ethinyl estradiol) and new progestagens have minimized the vascular risks. However, the risk remains in women who smoke or have other atherosclerotic risks factors. We report 12 cases of MI in women aged 35 +/- 5 years who were using different types of oral contraceptive. All the women had several risks factors, such as smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and type II diabetes. Coronarography during the acute phase showed either occlusions on severe atherosclerotic stenoses or thrombosis of arteries with non significant atherosclerotic plaque. In two cases coronarography was normal after thrombolysis. Ten women recovered without sequelae, but reversible left ventricular dysfunction occurred in the other two women, who did not have acute-phase revascularization. Recent case-control studies show that the cardiovascular risk is very low with new, third-generation combined contraceptives. But the risk of MI increases with age, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes. The absolute risks associated with oral contraceptives and smoking are higher in women over 35, because of the steeply rising incidence of atherosclerosis. It is mandatory to respect the classical contraindications of oral contraception. Language: French Keywords: RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | EPIDEMIOLOGY | WOMEN | MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | TOBACCO USE | DIABETES | HYPERTENSION | VASCULAR DISEASES | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, CONTRAINDICATIONS | RISK FACTORS | Studies | Research Methodology | Public Health | Health | Demographic Factors | Population | Heart Diseases | Diseases | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Behavior | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Biology Document Number: 329006 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: Preconception care: a clinical case of "think globally, act locally". Author: Curtis MG Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008 Dec;199(6 Suppl 2):S257-8. Abstract: In 1900, the life expectancy for a woman in the United States was 48.3 years; by 2004, that life expectancy had risen to 80.4 years.1 Most of the increase is attributable to improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and other public health efforts that are focused at the population level; however, medical advances in secondary and tertiary prevention efforts that target individual patients also played a significant role. Despite evidence of the synergy between medicine and public health, the full integration of these disciplines has never been realized. This dichotomy has fostered the perception that medicine cares for individuals and that public health cares for populations. At the clinical level, health care practitioners often struggle with how to "translate" population-based risk data to the individual who is seated in front of them. To paraphrase the vernacular, "think global, act local" health care providers are grappling with the challenge to "think population, treat individual." The concept and practice of preconception care epitomizes the difficulty, and concurrent simplicity, of translating population- based primary prevention data to individual patient care. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | WOMEN | WOMEN'S HEALTH | LIFE EXPECTANCY | DIET | OBESITY | NUTRITION | DIABETES | PREGNANCY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | TREATMENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Reproduction | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 329642 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: A society in transition [letter] Author: Ellis C Source: South African Medical Journal. 2008 Jul;98(7):529. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: MIDDLE EAST | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | IMMIGRANTS | DIABETES | PREVALENCE | HIV INFECTIONS | HIV TESTING | CULTURE | DIET | CONSANGUINITY | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Nutrition | Genetics | Biology Document Number: 328509 |
| 19. Title: The macrosomic fetus: A challenge in current obstetrics. Author: Henriksen T Source: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2008;87(2):134-145. Abstract: There has been a rise in the prevalence of large newborns over a few decades in many parts of the world. There is ample evidence that fetal macrosomia is associated with increased risk of complications both for the mother and the newborn. In current obstetrics, the macrosomic fetus represents a frequent clinical challenge. Evidence is emerging that being born macrosomic is also associated with future health risks. The objective was to provide a review of causes and risks, prevention, prediction and clinical management of suspected large fetus/fetal macrosomia, primarily aimed at clinical obstetricians. Medline and EMBASE were searched between 1980 and 2007 by combining either 'fetal macrosomia' or 'large for gestational age' with other relevant terms. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was searched for the term 'fetal macrosomia'. Although the causes of high birthweight include both genetic and environmental factors, the rapid increase in the prevalence of large newborns has environmentalcauses. The evidence is extensive that maternal overweight and associated metabolic changes, including type 2 and gestational diabetes, play a central role. There is a paucity of studies of the effect of intervention before and/or during pregnancy on the risk of having an 'overweight newborn'. It appears rational, however, that preventive measures should primarily be implemented before pregnancy and should include guidance about nutrition and physical activity in order to reduce the prevalence of overweight. In pregnancy, limited weight gain, especially in obese women, seems to reduce the risk of macrosomia, as do good control of plasma glucose among those with diabetes. Prediction of fetal macrosomia remains an inaccurate task even with modern ultrasound equipment. There is little evidence that routine elective delivery (induction or caesarean section) for the mere reason of suspected macrosomia should be employed in a general population. Vaginal delivery of a macrosomic fetus requires considered attention by an experienced obstetrician and preparedness for operative delivery, shoulder dystocia and newborn asphyxia. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | NEONATAL DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | OBSTETRICS | BODY WEIGHT | RISK FACTORS | CESAREAN SECTION | DIABETES | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Physiology | Biology | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures Document Number: 323988 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Peripartum hysterectomy in Taiwan. Author: Jou HJ; Hung HW; Ling PY; Chen SM Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008 Jun;101(3):269-272. Abstract: The objective was to investigate the incidence and associated risk factors for peripartum hysterectomy in singleton pregnancies. A retrospective cohort study of all women with singleton pregnancies admitted for delivery in 2002 taken from the National Healthcare Insurance database. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for maternal and hospital characteristics using logistic regression. There were 287 peripartum hysterectomies in 214 237 singleton pregnancies (0.13%). Cesarean delivery, vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC), and repeat cesarean delivery had higher hysterectomy rates than vaginal delivery, with adjusted ORs of 12.13 (95% CI 8.30-17.74), 5.12 (95% CI 1.19-21.92), and 3.84 (95% CI 2.52-5.86), respectively. Pregnancies complicated with placenta previa, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and premature labor were associated with significantly increased risks for peripartum hysterectomy (P less than 0.05). Risk factors for peripartum hysterectomy included cesarean delivery, VBAC, repeat cesarean, placenta previa, GDM, and premature labor. VBAC and repeat cesarean had a similar risk. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TAIWAN | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | CHILDBIRTH | HYSTERECTOMY | RISK FACTORS | CESAREAN SECTION | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | PREMATURE LABOR | DIABETES | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Gynecologic Surgery | Urogenital Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Biology | Obstetrical Surgery | Diseases Document Number: 326721 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Effect of folic acid in women with and without insulin resistance who have hyperhomocysteinemic polycystic ovary syndrome. Author: Kazerooni T; Asadi N; Dehbashi S; Zolghadri J Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008 May;101(2):156-160. Abstract: The objective was to study the effect of folic acid on homocysteine (Hcy) levels in women with insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in a prospective clinical trial. Of 210 women with PCOS, 70 were hyperhomocysteinemic; and of these, 32 were insulin resistant and 38 were not. The 70 women were treated with folic acid for 3 months. Baseline and serum levels of Hcy and insulin were measured in both groups. In both groups Hcy concentrations were significantly decreased following folic acid supplementation. The mean plus or minus SD levels before and after treatment were 14.03 plus or minus 1.5 micromol/L and 12.53 plus or minus 1.72 micromol/L in group 1 (P less than 0.001), and they were 12.07 plus or minus 0.87 micromol/L and 8.83 plus or minus 0.78 micromol/L in group 2 (P less than 0.001). The Hcy levels of hyperhomocysteinemic women with PCOS were reduced after 3 months of folic acid supplementation, and the rate of reduction was higher among women without insulin resistance. No change was found in fasting insulin levels. (author's) Language: English Keywords: IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | CLIENTS | OVARIAN CYSTS | DIABETES | FOLIC ACID | FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION | GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST | ENDOCRINE EFFECTS | Developing Countries | Middle East | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Diseases | Vitamins and Minerals | Physiology | Biology | Nutrition Programs | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Laboratory Procedures | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Endocrine System Document Number: 325979 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: Ethics in Public Health Research: Changing patterns of mortality among American Indians. Author: Kunitz SJ Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2008 Mar;98(3):404-411. Abstract: Mortality rates for American Indians (including Alaska Natives) declined for much of the 20th century, but data published by the Indian Health Service indicate that since the mid-1980s, age-adjusted deaths for this population have increased both in absolute terms and compared with rates for the White American population. This increase appears to be primarily because of the direct and indirect effects of type 2 diabetes. Despite increasing appropriations for the Special Diabetes Program for Indians, per capita expenditures for Indian health, including third-party reimbursements, remain substantially lower than those for other Americans and, when adjusted for inflation, have been essentially unchanged since the early 1990s. I argue that inadequate funding for health services has contributed significantly to the increased death rate. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | NATIVE AMERICANS | MORTALITY | DEATH RATE | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | DISEASES | DIABETES | CHANGES | CAUSES OF DEATH | FUNDS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 324857 |
| 23. Title: The incidence of placental abnormalities, maternal and cord plasma malondialdehyde and vascular endothelial growth factor levels inwomen with gestational diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic controls. Author: Madazli R; Tuten A; Calay Z; Uzun H; Uludag S Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2008;65(4):227-232. Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the incidence of placental abnormalities, cord plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels and nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) counts, maternal and cord plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and nondiabetic controls. Twenty-two women with GDM, diagnosed according to the current criteria of the American Diabetes Association, were compared with 22 controls. Maternal and cord blood and placental samples were obtained from all pregnant women. Cord plasma EPO levels and NRBC counts, maternal and cord plasma MDA and VEGF levels were determined. Placental tissues were examined histologically. Maternal and cord plasma levels of MDA and cord plasma EPO levels and NRBC counts were significantly higher in GDM pregnancies (p less than 0.01). The presence of villous immaturity, chorangiosis and ischemia were significantly increased in the placentas of women with GDM (p less than 0.05). The maternal and cord plasma levels of MDA increased (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively), whereas VEGF decreased (p = 0.046 and p = 0.001, respectively) with the presence of villous immaturity. The complex process of villous development and maturity might be influenced by the maternal and fetal oxidative and angiogenetic milieu. The placenta that shows abnormalities in angiogenesis and maturation may lead to fetal hypoxia and compromise. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | DIABETES | BLOOD | FETAL MEMBRANES | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | METABOLIC EFFECTS | RISK FACTORS | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Hemic System | Physiology | Biology | Fetus | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 326921 |
| 24. Peer Reviewed Title: Prevalence of dyslipidemia and dysglycaemia in HIV infected patients. Author: Manuthu EM; Lule GN; Karari E Source: East African Medical Journal. 2008 Jan;85(1):10-17. Abstract: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically reduced AIDS morbidity and mortality; however long-term metabolic consequences including dysglycaemia and dyslipidemia have raised concern regarding accelerated cardiovascular disease risk. Objective: To determine the period prevalence of dyslipidemia and dysglycaemia in HIV-infected patients. Design: Cross-sectional comparative group study. Setting: Kenyatta National Hospital, a tertiary HIV dedicated out-patient facility. Subjects: Consecutive HIV- positive adult patients. Main outcome measures: Dyslipidemia: presence of raised total or LDL cholesterol or low HDL cholesterol, or raised triglycerides. Dysglycaemia: presence of impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes mellitus. Results: Between January and April 2006, out of 342 screened patients, 295 were recruited and 58% were females. One hundred and thirty four (45%) were on HAART, 82% of whom were on stavudine, lamivudine and either nevirapine or efavirenz. Overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 63.1% and dysglycaemia was 20.7%. High total cholesterol occurred in 39.2% of HAART and 10.0% HAART naive patients (p<0.0001, OR 5.18, CI 3.11-10.86), whereas high LDL cholesterol occurred in 40.8% and in 11.2% respectively (p<0.0001, OR 5.43, CI 2.973-9.917). HDL levels were low in 14.6% and 51.3% among HAART and HAART naive patients, respectively, (p<0.0001, OR 0.16, CI 0.091-0.29) while high triglycerides occurred in 25.6% and 22.5% respectively (p=0.541 OR 1.184 C1 0.688-2.037). Among patients on HAART compared to HAART naive patients, diabetes was found in 1.5% against 1.2% (p=0.85), impaired fasting in 2.2% against 0.6% (p=0.30) and impaired glucose tolerance in 16.4% against 21.1% (p=0.221, respectively. Conclusions: HIV-infected patients demonstrated a high prevalence of dyslipidemia. HAART use was associated with high levels of total, and LDL cholesterol and high triglyceride levels, an established athrogenic lipid profile. However, HAART was not associated with low HDL cholesterol and had no significant effect on dysglycaemia. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS | HIV INFECTIONS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | SIDE EFFECTS | CHOLESTEROL | DIABETES | PREVALENCE | GLUCOSE METABOLISM EFFECTS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | HIV | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Lipids | Measurement | Carbohydrate Metabolic Effects | Metabolic Effects Document Number: 326585 |
| 25. Title: Early life exposure and its effects on health in the Puerto Rican elderly population. Author: McEniry M; Palloni A; Davila AL; Garcia Gurucharri A Source: Madison, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology, 2008. 49 p. (CDE Working Paper No. 2008-01) Abstract: Season of birth may help disentangle the effects on health of early life exposure to poor nutrition and infectious diseases from effects associated with other childhood conditions. Using data from 60 to 74 year old Puerto Ricans who lived in rural areas during childhood (n=1459), we estimated effects of exposure to poor nutrition and infectious diseases during late gestation on the probability of (a) chronic conditions (diabetes, heart disease, obesity), (b) decreased functionality (limitation in at least one ADL and IADL), and (c) poor self-reported health controlling for childhood health and SES and knee height. Findings: (1) strong associations between exposure and heart disease; (2) virtually no attenuation of effects of self-reported childhood health with controls for exposure; (3) no association between exposure and diabetes, obesity, functionality, poor health. Conclusions: timing of birth may reveal conditions experienced perinatally which affect adult heart disease, but there is little evidence of similar effects on adult diabetes and obesity. (author's) Language: English Keywords: PUERTO RICO | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | OLDER ADULTS | FETUS | SEASONAL VARIATION | CHILDBIRTH | INFANT NUTRITION | COMMUNICABLE DISEASES | CHILD HEALTH | CHRONIC DISEASES | HEALTH | HEART DISEASES | OBESITY | DIABETES | Caribbean | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Population Dynamics | Pregnancy Outcomes | Nutrition | Infections | Diseases | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 325667 |
| 26. Title: Determinants of sexual function among women with type 2 diabetes in a Nigerian population. Author: Olarinoye J; Olarinoye A Source: Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2008 Apr;5(4):878-886. Abstract: Sexual health is an important but often neglected component of diabetes care. Unlike erectile dysfunction, female sexual dysfunction has not been well studied among Nigerian diabetics. The aims were to assess the sexual function of women with diabetes, and to determine its clinical correlates. The sexual performances of 51 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the Diabetes Clinic, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital were assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. The Female Sexual Function (FSF) scores in each domain of sexual function were then compared with those of 39 nondiabetic controls. The associations between the FSF scores and certain clinical variables, as well as some diabetic complications, were also determined. The main outcome measures were sexual performance of the women as measured by the FSF scores using the FSFI questionnaires. The FSF score in the diabetic women was 20.5 (plus or minus 8.3) compared with a score of 31.2 (plus or minus 8.8) in the control (P value = 0.00). The FSF scores in the arousal, pain, orgasm, and overall satisfaction domains were all lower in the diabetic women (P value less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores for "desire" domain in the two groups (P value greater than 0.05). Women with diabetes attempted sex less frequently (P less than 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the ages of the women and all the domains of sexual function (P value less than 0.05). Duration of diabetes correlated negatively with comfort (P value = 0.04), lubrication (P = 0.03), frequency (P value = 0.05), as well as orgasm (P value = 0.04) domains. There was no significant relationship between the FSF score and body mass index, blood pressure, and glycemic control. There was no significant difference between the FSF scores of diabetic women with complications and those without (P value greater than 0.05). Diabetes significantly impairs the sexual performance of the Nigerian women afflicted with the disease. Determinants of FSF include age, duration of diabetes illness, and presence of menopause. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | SEX BEHAVIOR | DIABETES | COMPLICATIONS | AGE FACTORS | MENOPAUSE | COITAL FREQUENCY | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Diseases | Population Characteristics | Reproduction Document Number: 325704 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: The association of triple-marker test results with adverse pregnancy outcomes in low-risk pregnancies with healthy newborns. Author: Sayin NC; Canda MT; Ahmet N; Arda S; Sut N Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008 Jan;277(1):47-53. Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the second trimester maternal serum markers and adverse pregnancy outcomes in healthy newborns. A total of 749 women who delivered in our institution with complete follow up and second-trimester triple marker test data available were included in the study. Women with multiple pregnancies, chronic diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smokers and infants with chromosomal and congenital abnormalities were excluded. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and unconjugated estriol (uE3) values were investigated in our cohort who developed preeclampsia (n = 28), gestational diabetes (GM) (n = 69), preterm labor-birth (n = 100), oligohydramnios (n = 37) and macrosomia (n = 59) by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, with chi-square and Pearson's correlation tests. Women with uE3 1.04 MoM (P = 0.032, AUC = 0.599) or AFP 0.86 MoM (P = 0.047, AUC = 0.578). Patients with HCG > 1.04 MoM (P = 0.04, AUC = 0.565) and uE3 /= 2.5 or >/= 3 MoM were significantly associated with the development of oligohydramnios [P = 0.005; OR = 4 (95% CI: 1.7-9.7)], [P = 0.008; OR = 4.9 (95% CI: 1.7-13.7)], respectively. When women with adverse (n = 237) and normal (n = 512) outcomes were compared there were significant differences in maternal serum AFP (1.40 +or- 0.84 vs. 1.23 +or- 0.75 MoM, P = 0.006) and uE3 values (1.38 +or- 1.42 vs. 1.45 +or- 0.98 MoM, P = 0.001). Serum estriol, AFP or HCG values in triple test results may be associated with development of oligohydramnios, gestational diabetes and macrosomia in women with healthy and normal appearing fetuses. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | SCREENING | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | PREECLAMPSIA | DIABETES | PREMATURE BIRTH | PREMATURE LABOR | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Puerperium | Reproduction | Pregnancy | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases Document Number: 322615 |
| 28. Title: Use of hormonal contraceptive methods by women with diabetes. Author: Shawe J; Mulnier H; Nicholls P; Lawrenson R Source: Primary Care Diabetes. 2008 Dec;2(4):195-9. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY: This study sought to establish use of hormonal contraception in UK women aged between 15 and 44 years with type 1 or type 2 diabetes compared with comparison groups with no diabetes. A cross sectional study design was used to compare 947 cases of type 1 diabetes and 365 cases of type 2 diabetes with comparison groups matched for age. Subjects were selected from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). RESULTS: Women with diabetes were less likely to use hormonal contraception than women without diabetes--type 1 RR 0.83 (95% CI 0.59-0.93), type 2 RR 0.60 (95% CI 0.42-0.83). Women with type 1 diabetes were more likely to be prescribed a combined pill than a progestogen only pill (POP), but were significantly more likely to be prescribed the POP than were women without diabetes RR 1.65 (95% CI 1.26-2.13). Women with type 2 diabetes were less likely to be prescribed a combined oral contraceptive RR 0.39 (95% CI 0.24-0.62). The injectable contraceptive Depo Provera wassignificantly more likely to be given to women with diabetes than the comparison group--type 1 RR 1.56 (95% CI 1.12-2.11), type 2 RR 3.57 (95% CI 2.15-5.60). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The study highlighted significant variation in prescribing of hormonal contraception to women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in comparison to those without diabetes. It is now recognised that hormonal contraception is a safe and effective option for women with uncomplicated diabetes. Possibly there are significant numbers of young women with poorly controlled diabetes or other risk factors for cardiovascular disease that have influenced clinicians in avoiding the use of hormonal contraception. Paradoxically it is these women who are at most risk from unplanned pregnancy. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | WOMEN | DIABETES | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | HORMONES | PRESCRIPTIONS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | LOW-DOSE PROGESTINS | DEPO-PROVERA | INJECTABLES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Document Number: 330071 |
| 29. Peer Reviewed Title: Risk factors for pre-eclampsia in pregnant Chinese women with abnormal glucose metabolism. Author: Sun Y; Yang H; Sun WJ Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008 Apr;101(1):74-76. Abstract: The objectives were to investigate the incidence and risk factors for pre-eclampsia in pregnant Chinese women with abnormal glucose metabolism. A retrospective cohort study was performed on 1499 pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism at Peking University First Hospital from January 1995 to December 2004. The overall prevalence of preeclampsia in women with abnormal glucose metabolism was 9.4% (141/1499). The prevalence of pre-eclampsia in women diagnosed with diabetes mellitus prior to pregnancy was higher than that of gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational impaired glucose tolerance patients (29.1% vs 8.7% and 7.8%, P less than 0.01). Pre-pregnancy body mass index was significantly higher in women with pre-eclampsia than in those without. A higher rate of pre-eclampsia was found in women with chronic hypertension and those with poor glucose control. The independent risk factors for pre-eclampsia were chronic hypertension and elevated pre-pregnancy body mass index. The type of diabetes, chronic hypertension, and elevated pre-pregnancy body mass index are high risk factors for pre-eclampsia in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREECLAMPSIA | INCIDENCE | RISK FACTORS | GLUCOSE METABOLISM EFFECTS | DIABETES | HYPERTENSION | BODY WEIGHT | BODY HEIGHT | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Measurement | Biology | Carbohydrate Metabolic Effects | Metabolic Effects | Physiology | Vascular Diseases Document Number: 325435 |
| 30. Title: Hormonal contraception and HIV-positive women: Metabolic concerns and management strategies. Author: Womack J; Richman S; Tien PC; Grey M; Williams A Source: Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2008 Jul-Aug;53(4):362-375. Abstract: As HIV-positive women live longer lives, and as testing for HIV becomes more routine, clinicians can expect to see more HIV-positive women in their practices. The need to be aware of management issues particular to this population becomes increasingly important. Metabolic dysregulation is a common, long-term complication associated with HIV and is one of the most difficult to manage. Hormonal contraception also is associated with metabolic dysregulation. As more HIV-positive women choose long-term, reversible contraception, the potential for concomitant and additive side effects, and the need for careful, proactive management strategies to avoid these complications, will become more important. This article reviews research detailing the metabolic dysfunction associated with hormonal contraception and with HIV seropositivity. It highlights reasons for concern regarding the potential, although as yet theoretical, increased risk for metabolic dysfunction when hormonal contraception is used in the presence of HIV. Suggestions for management strategies for women living with HIV who choose to use hormonal contraception are presented. These strategies should be viewed as suggestions for management until substantitive research becomes available. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CONTRACEPTION | TREATMENT | METABOLIC EFFECTS | RISK FACTORS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | DIABETES | CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS | OSTEOPOROSIS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Family Planning | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Physiology | Biology | HIV | Skeletal Effects Document Number: 327856 |
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