1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Assessing debt-to-health swaps: a case study on the Global Fund Debt2Health Conversion Scheme. Author: Cassimon D; Renard R; Verbeke K Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2008 Sep;13(9):1188-95. Abstract: The Debt2Health Conversion Scheme of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is used to reassess a range of recent initiatives that propose debt relief in exchange for spending in the health sector. The experience with debt swaps in the mid 1990s was far from positive, and recent improved insight in the economics of debt relief suggests extreme caution. We argue that the recent spade of debt swap proposals, even if targeting countries and debt titles that fall outside current major international debt relief mechanisms, share most of the design faults of previous initiatives. Proposals such as Debt2Health do not constitute efficient vehicles to increase net transfers to poor countries, to reduce the economic disadvantages of indebtedness, or to strengthen public health systems of partner countries. For debt relief to constitute a valuable mechanism to provide aid, it should be designed as a large-scale and comprehensive operation, with spending earmarked to broad country-established priorities, and reinforce rather than undermine national implementation systems. Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | KENYA | PAKISTAN | PERU | RESEARCH REPORT | HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | TUBERCULOSIS | MALARIA | FUNDS | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Asia, Southern | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Infections | Parasitic Diseases | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 328615 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: India's progress towards achieving the targets set in the millennium development goals [editorial] Author: Elizabeth KE Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 2008 Oct;54(5):287-90. Abstract: The Millennium declaration signed by leaders of 189 countries and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted in 2000 by all the Member States of the United Nations have become a universal framework for development and a means for developing countries and their partners to work together. This blueprint agreed upon by all the countries has eight goals-which range from halving extreme poverty to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education and gender equality by the target date of 2015-and has galvanized an unprecedented effort to meet the needs of all. The MDGs are interlinked and have set measurable time-bound goals on commitments in the development agenda. The status report on Millennium goals for India published in 2005 evaluates the progress made so far from the base year 1990 and also highlights the strategies developed for the attainment of the MDGs in 2005. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | SUMMARY REPORT | GOALS | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | POVERTY | DISEASE PREVENTION | EMPLOYMENT | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | HEALTH | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Prevention and Control | Diseases | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 329716 |
3.  Peer Reviewed Title: Global costs of attaining the Millennium Development Goal for water supply and sanitation. Author: Hutton G; Bartram J Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2008 Jan;86(1):13-19. Abstract: Target 10 of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is to "halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation". Because of its impacts on a range of diseases, it is a health-related MDG target. This study presents cost estimates of attaining MDG target 10. We estimate the population to be covered to attain the MDG target using data on household use of improved water and sanitation for 1990 and 2004, and taking into account population growth. We assume this estimate is achieved in equal annual increments from the base year, 2005, until 2014. Costs per capita for investment and recurrent costs are applied. Country data is aggregated to 11 WHO developing country subregions and globally. Estimated spending required in developing countries on new coverage to meet the MDG target is US$ 42 billion for water and US$ 142 billion for sanitation, a combined annual equivalent of US$ 18 billion. The cost of maintaining existing services totals an additional US$ 322 billion for water supply and US $216 billion for sanitation, a combined annual equivalent of US$ 54 billion. Spending for new coverage is largely rural (64%), while for maintaining existing coverage it is largely urban (73%). Additional programme costs, incurred administratively outside the point of delivery of interventions, of between 10% and 30% are required for effective implementation. In assessing financing requirements, estimates of cost should include the operation, maintenance and replacement of existing coverage as well as new services and programme costs. Country-level costing studies are needed to guide sector financing. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | WHO | WATER SUPPLY | WATER QUALITY | SANITATION | ECONOMIC FACTORS | FUNDS | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | ECONOMIC POLICY | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | Research Methodology | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Natural Resources | Environment | Water | Public Health | Health | Financial Activities | Policy Document Number: 323459 |
| 4. Title: The future of U.S. government involvement and funding for family planning and reproductive health programs in the evolving U.S. aid architecture. Author: Lasher C Source: [Washington, D.C.], Population Action International, 2008 Mar. [13] p. (Research Commentary Vol. 3, Issue1) Abstract: Over the last two years, the architecture of U.S. foreign assistance has undergone an unprecedented restructuring. At the same time, a congressionally-mandated commission on poverty-focused development has issued its report; a Senate staff delegation has conducted an extensive overseas fact-finding mission; and numerous nongovernmental organizations, think tanks, and presidential campaigns have issued policy prescriptions on the future of U.S. foreign aid. In all of these efforts, insufficient attention has been paid to the implications of actual and proposed changes in the U.S. foreign assistance program to the future priority and funding of family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) care overseas - highly successful and cost-effective programs that have received U.S. government funding since the 1960s. This research commentary first describes the recent developments in U.S. foreign assistance architecture and examines the implications of policy shifts for FP/RH. The commentary analyzes funding trends for FP/RH and proposes levels of U.S. funding for FP/RH that would meet U.S. financial commitments to achieving the goal of universal access to reproductive health care by 2015 adopted by 179 governments, including the United States, at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | FAMILY PLANNING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | FUNDS | FOREIGN AID | POLICY | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | USAID | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations Document Number: 325781 |
| 5. Title: Marching toward the Millennium Development Goals: what about health systems, health-seeking behaviours and health service utilization in Pakistan? Author: Shaikh BT Source: World Health and Population. 2008;10(2):16-24. Abstract: Attaining the ambitious targets pronounced in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) will necessitate radical changes in policy as well as extensive reforms and strong inter-sectoral coordination in the healthcare system of Pakistan. While aiming for such macro-level achievements, it is imperative to analyze the on-the-ground realities of any health system. Improving health systems has the potential to assist progress toward MDGs in the near term by promoting more equitable access and introducing effective interventions. More money allocation and more health spending would not necessarily mean better health for Pakistanis. The complex composition of the healthcare system drives us to study the intricate phenomena of health service utilization and healthcare-seeking behaviours. Such an approach will thus provide evidence to sensitize health personnel to provide more empathetic care and to encourage the community at large to start seeking appropriate and timely healthcare. This paper advocates thinking beyond health services provision by reaching out to people and understanding their perceptions, practices and health-seeking behaviours. Achieving millennium development goals will necessitate interventions that address health issues of women, children and all other vulnerable groups in Pakistan. Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | GOALS | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH SERVICES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | MALARIA | DISEASES | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Parasitic Diseases | Programs Document Number: 330124 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Estimating the costs of achieving the WHO-UNICEF Global Immunization Vision and Strategy, 2006 -- 2015. Author: Wolfson LJ; Gasse F; Lee-Martin SP; Lydon P; Magan A Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2008 Jan;86(1):27-39. Abstract: The objective was to estimate the cost of scaling up childhood immunization services required to reach the WHO-UNICEF Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS) goal of reducing mortality due to vaccine-preventable diseases by two-thirds by 2015. A model was developed to estimate the total cost of reaching GIVS goals by 2015 in 117 low- and lower-middle-income countries. Current spending was estimated by analysing data from country planning documents, and scale-up costs were estimated using a bottom-up, ingredients-based approach. Financial costs were estimated by country and year for reaching 90% coverage with all existing vaccines; introducing a discrete set of new vaccines (rotavirus, conjugate pneumococcal, conjugate meningococcal A and Japanese encephalitis); and conducting immunization campaigns to protect at-risk populations against polio, tetanus, measles, yellow fever and meningococcal meningitis. The 72 poorest countries of the world spent US$ 2.5 (range: US$ 1.8-4.2) billion on immunization in 2005, an increase from US$ 1.1 (range: US$ 0.9-1.6) billion in 2000. By 2015 annual immunization costs will on average increase to about US$ 4.0 (range US$ 2.9-6.7) billion. Total immunization costs for 2006-2015 are estimated at US$ 35 (range US$ 13-40) billion; of this, US$ 16.2 billion are incremental costs, comprised of US$ 5.6 billion for system scale-up and US$ 8.7 billion for vaccines; US$ 19.3 billion is required to maintain immunization programmes at 2005 levels. In all 117 low- and lower-middle-income countries, total costs for 2006-2015 are estimated at US$ 76 (range: US$ 23-110) billion, with US$ 49 billion for maintaining current systems and $27 billion for scaling-up. In the 72 poorest countries, US$ 11-15 billion (30%-40%) of the overall resource needs are unmet if the GIVS goals are to be reached. The methods developed in this paper are approximate estimates with limitations, but provide a roadmap of financing gaps that need to be filled to scale up immunization by 2015. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | WHO | UNICEF | CHILDREN | IMMUNIZATION | VACCINES | ECONOMIC FACTORS | FUNDS | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | ECONOMIC POLICY | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | Research Methodology | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Financial Activities | Policy Document Number: 323460 |
| 7. Title: National mid-term review on the "world fit for children". Source: Vietnam Population News. 2007 Jan-Mar;(42):1-2. Abstract: A national mid-term review was held in Ha Noi from 26 to 27 March 2007 as part of Viet Nam's follow-up to the UN General Assembly Special Session on Children in May 2002. Hosted by Viet Nam' Commission for Population, Family and Children (CPFC), participants from various government sectors such as the National Assembly Committee on Culture and Education of Youth and Children, the Ministry of Planning and Investment, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education and Training and the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs, have reviewed the progress that Viet Nam has made for its children, and discussed what more need to be done to help build a better future for this country's younger generation. Adopted in 2002, the "World fit for children" has been "nationalized" as "communes fit for children" in Viet Nam. The model is being replicated in provinces and cities throughout the country, pursuing 28 specific criteria and four fundamental standards, namely: a socialenvironment fit for children; a family environment which ensures children's full development; ensuring all children can enjoy basic rights; and caring for and protecting children in special circumstances. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: VIETNAM | SUMMARY REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | CHILD | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | HUMAN RIGHTS | AWARENESS | CHILD ABUSE | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | COUNSELING | INTERVENTIONS | SOCIAL PROTECTION | IMPLEMENTATION | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Knowledge | Crime | Social Problems | Diseases | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Communication Document Number: 308770 |
| 8. Title: Achieving the MDGs: the contribution of family planning, El Salvador. Author: Constella Futures. Health Policy Initiative Source: Washington, D.C., Constella Futures, Health Policy Initiative, [2007]. [2] p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00006-00USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00) Abstract: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)-a set of eight important, time-bound goals ranging from reducing poverty by half to providing universal primary education-represent a blueprint for global development agreed to by member states of the United Nations and international development institutions. However, achieving them will be a major challenge for El Salvador and many other developing countries. As stated by former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, it will take time and commitment to mobilize the necessary resources, train the required personnel, and establish the needed infrastructure to meet the MDGs. In El Salvador and other Latin American countries, one major factor contributing to the challenge is the continued rapid growth of the population. The number of people in need of health, education, economic, and other services is large and increasing, which, in turn, means that the amount of resources, personnel, and infrastructure required to meet the MDGs is also increasing. In light of this fact, development efforts in support of the MDGs should not overlook the importance and benefits of slowing population growth. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: EL SALVADOR | TECHNICAL REPORT | FAMILY PLANNING | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | GOALS | POVERTY | EDUCATION | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | CHILD MORTALITY | MATERNAL HEALTH | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | DISEASE PREVENTION | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Economic Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Socioeconomic Factors | Women's Status | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Prevention and Control | Economic Development Document Number: 320938 |
| 9. Title: Achieving the MDGs: the contribution of family planning, Peru. Author: Constella Futures. Health Policy Initiative Source: Washington, D.C., Constella Futures, Health Policy Initiative, [2007]. [2] p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00006-00USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00) Abstract: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)-a set of eight important, time-bound goals ranging from reducing poverty by half to providing universal primary education-represent a blueprint for global development agreed to by member states of the United Nations and international development institutions. However, achieving them will be a major challenge for Peru and many other developing countries. As stated by former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, it will take time and commitment to mobilize the necessary resources, train the required personnel, and establish the needed infrastructure to meet the MDGs. In Peru and other Latin American countries, one major factor contributing to the challenge is the continued rapid growth of the population. The number of people in need of health, education, economic, and other services is large and increasing, which, in turn, means that the amount of resources, personnel, and infrastructure required to meet the MDGs is also increasing. In light of this fact, development efforts in support of the MDGs should not overlook the importance and benefits of slowing population growth. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PERU | TECHNICAL REPORT | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | FAMILY PLANNING | POVERTY | EDUCATION | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | CHILD MORTALITY | MATERNAL HEALTH | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | DISEASE PREVENTION | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Economic Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Socioeconomic Factors | Women's Status | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Prevention and Control | Economic Development Document Number: 320937 |
| 10. Title: The Millennium Development Goals report 2007. Author: United Nations Source: New York, New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2007 Jun. 36 p. Abstract: Since their adoption by all United Nations Member States in 2000, the Millennium Declaration and the Millennium Development Goals have become a universal framework for development and a means for developing countries and their development partners to work together in pursuit of a shared future for all. The Millennium Declaration set 2015 as the target date for achieving most of the Goals. As we approach the midway point of this 15-year period, data are now becoming available that provide an indication of progress during the first third of this 15-year period. This report presents the most comprehensive global assessment of progress to date, based on a set of data prepared by a large number of international organizations within and outside the United Nations system. The results are, predictably, uneven. The years since 2000, when world leaders endorsed the Millennium Declaration, have seen some visible and widespread gains. Encouragingly, the report suggests that some progress is being made even inthose regions where the challenges are greatest. These accomplishments testify to the unprecedented degree of commitment by developing countries and their development partners to the Millennium Declaration and to some success in building the global partnership embodied in the Declaration. The results achieved in the more successful cases demonstrate that success is possible in most countries, but that the MDGs will be attained only if concerted additional action is taken immediately and sustained until 2015. All stakeholders need to fulfil, in their entirety, the commitments they made in the Millennium Declaration and subsequent pronouncements. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | TECHNICAL REPORT | UN | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | DEVELOPMENT PLANS | FOOD SECURITY | EDUCATION | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | CHILD MORTALITY | MATERNAL HEALTH | HIV | AIDS | MALARIA | COMMUNICABLE DISEASES | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Food Supply | Natural Resources | Environment | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Parasitic Diseases | Infections | Economic Development Document Number: 327633 |
| 11. Title: UNFPA Framework for Action on Adolescents and Youth. Opening doors with young people: 4 keys. Author: United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA] Source: New York, New York, UNFPA, [2007]. 44 p. Abstract: This document is based on the Fund's commitment to invest in adolescents and youth and help them gain access to opportunities. For countries experiencing or about to experience the demographic transition and for countries showing a significant youth bulge, social investments in young people can help to achieve a healthy, socio-economically productive and poverty-free society. This document's primary focus is on translating the Fund's commitment to action. It is based on UNFPA's extensive experience of working for more than thirty years in the area of adolescents and youth. It does not provide all the answers, but it charts a roadmap for positioning UNFPA for action. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | ADOLESCENTS | YOUTH | POLICYMAKERS | UNFPA | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | HUMAN RIGHTS | ADOLESCENT HEALTH SERVICES | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | SOCIAL POLICY | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Policy | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Economic Factors Document Number: 321923 |
| 12. Title: Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the organization. Author: United Nations. Secretary-General Source: New York, New York, United Nations, 2007. [74] p. (A/62/1) General Assembly, Official Records, Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 1 (A/62/1). Abstract: This, my first annual report, comes at a time when the Member States and the peoples of the world are asking the United Nations to do more - in more spheres of activity, in more locations, in more challenging circumstances - than at any point in the Organization's history. While the surging demand for our services is daunting, we must not shrink from this challenge. Indeed it should be welcomed. This is a sign not only of the many pressing needs in the world today, but also of the increasing recognition that they can best be addressed collectively, through the world's only truly universal instrument, the United Nations. In order to tackle effectively the full range of challenges coming our way, however, we will need to narrow the gap between aspiration and achievement. Enhancing our ability to deliver results consistently and effectively will require the full commitment of our Member States, as well as the reform and reorientation of the Organization. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | ANNUAL REPORT | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | PEACEKEEPING | WAR | HUMAN RIGHTS | HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE | DEMOCRACY | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | TREATMENT | CARE AND SUPPORT | GLOBAL WARMING | CLIMATE | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | Economic Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Political Systems | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Environment | Economic Development Document Number: 308888 |
| 13. Title: Comparative health systems research in a context of HIV / AIDS: Lessons from a multi-country study in South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia. Author: Dawad S; Veenstra N Source: Health Research Policy and Systems. 2007 Oct 30;5(1):13. Abstract: Comparative, multi-country research has been underutilised as a means to inform health system development. South-south collaboration has been particularly poor, even though there have been clearly identified benefits of such endeavours. This commentary argues that in a context of HIV/AIDS, the need for regional learning has become even greater. This is because of the regional nature of the problem and the unique challenges that it creates for health systems. We draw on the experience of doing comparative research in South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia, to demonstrate that it can be useful for determining preconditions for the success of health care reforms, for affirming common issues faced by countries in the region, and for developing research capacity. Furthermore, these benefits can be derived by all countries participating in such research, irrespective of differences in capacity or socio-economic development. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | TANZANIA | ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | MULTIREGIONAL ANALYSIS | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | HEALTH POLICY | CHANGES | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | HEALTH SERVICES | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Studies | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Change | Economic Factors | Technology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 321817 |
| 14. Title: Managing the health Millennium Development Goals -- the challenge of management strengthening: lessons from three countries. Author: Egger D; Ollier E Source: Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization [WHO], Department for Health Policy, Development and Services, 2007. [39] p. (Making Health Systems Work: Working Paper No. 8WHO/HSS/healthsystems/2007.1) Abstract: Achieving the health Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) will require a significant scaling up of health service delivery in many countries. The number of competent managers will also have to be scaled up at the same time - managers are an essential resource for ensuring that priority needs are met and resources are used effectively. A variety of considerations needs to be taken into account when strengthening management, including: ensuring an adequate number of managers at all levels of the health system; building existing managers' own competences; improving management support systems (systems to manage money, staff, information, supplies, etc.); creating a more supportive work environment (what is expected from managers; the rules under which managers work; their relationship with local government and other actors; supervision and incentives for improving their performance). (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | TOGO | UGANDA | TECHNICAL REPORT | CASE STUDIES | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | GOALS | PUBLIC HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | HUMAN RESOURCES | SUPERVISION | MANAGEMENT | DRUGS | HEALTH POLICY | LEGISLATION | STANDARDS | INCENTIVES | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Eastern | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Health | Delivery of Health Care | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 320946 |
| 15. Title: Communicating the impact of communication for development. Recent trends in empirical research. Author: Inagaki N Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, 2007. 51 p. (World Bank Working Paper No. 120) Abstract: The UN Millennium Development Goals call for not only greater financial commitment in international assistance programs but also innovative strategies to tackle the serious economic, health, education, and other basic human rights problems in the developing world. This paper is organized as follows: Chapter 2 is an overview of key theoretical models of development communication. Chapter 3 describes the characteristic patterns of recent empirical studies in development communication in terms of theoretical models and types of communication strategies. Chapter 4 presents some outstanding evidence of the impacts of communication on development initiatives. Chapter 5 discusses weak spots in the evidence. The concluding chapter will make suggestions for further research by drawing attention to the theoretical, methodological and empirical gaps in the existing academic research in development communication. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | THEORETICAL MODELS | POLICYMAKERS | WORLD BANK | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior Change | Behavior | Communication Programs | Communication | Policy | Economic Factors Document Number: 327134 |
| 16. Title: The rationale of self-help in development interventions: A case study of a self-help group programme in Tamil Nadu. Author: Jakimow T Source: Journal of South Asian Development. 2007;2(1):107-124. Abstract: Self-help is often perceived as a valuable, if not essential, element to development programmes. At the same time, as a concept it has generally escaped scrutiny. Two types of claims are made about the benefits of self-help programmes. First, it is suggested that selfhelp empowers its participants more so than other externally directed or implemented programmes. The second less vocal claim is the compatibility of self-help with cost-reduction strategies: both in terms of material costs and costs to the prevailing social and economic structure. This article explores these two claims through a case study of a self-help group (SHG) programme in Tamil Nadu, India. It argues that although empowering outcomes are stated as the rationale for self-help, these are often neglected in favour of achieving cost-reduction ones. This is an outcome of the concept of self-help being absorbed into the practices and discourses of the dominant development paradigm. Self-help has thus been divorced from its role in enabling self-direction, and has become the rationale for pressuring the marginalised to take responsibility for improving their own condition within a non-negotiable economic and social structure. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | KAP SURVEYS | SUPPORT GROUPS | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | SELF CARE | COST EFFECTIVENESS | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Social Networks | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Organizations | Political Factors | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Evaluation Indexes | Policy | Economic Factors Document Number: 322650 |
| 17. Title: Fighting global poverty, three ways. Author: Koechlin T Source: Review of Radical Political Economics. 2007 Summer;39(3):377-384. Abstract: This article provides a critical assessment of three ambitious books (Sachs's The End of Poverty, Bhagwati's In Defense of Globalization, and Easterly's The Elusive Quest for Growth), each of which seeks to (re)frame debates over poverty, development, growth, globalization, and more. The insights and shortcomings of these three books remind us that the status quo is not working and that a rich understanding of globalization and development requires a serious consideration of alternative visions of each. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | LOW INCOME POPULATION | POLICYMAKERS | POVERTY | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | MACROECONOMIC FACTORS | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 322736 |
| 18. Title: Population issues in the 21st century: The role of the World Bank. Author: Lakshminarayanan R; May JF; Bos E; Hasan R; Suzuki E Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, Human Development Network, 2007 Apr. [78] p. (HNP Discussion Paper) Abstract: The objective of this paper is to discuss some obstacles and opportunities presented by population processes in order to prioritize areas for investment and analytical work as background information for the 2007 HNP Sector Strategy. Within HNP, two areas fall within population: (1) reproductive, maternal, and sexual health issues, and the health services that address them; and (2) levels and trends in births, deaths, and migration that determine population growth and age structure. Many of the aspects of delivery of sexual and reproductive health services are addressed in the overall sector strategy. This paper, therefore, focuses on the determinants and consequences of demographic change, and on policies and interventions that pertain to fertility and family planning. Fertility has declined in most of the low- and middle-income countries, with TFRs converging toward replacement level, except in 35 countries, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where a broad-based decline in fertility has not occurred. As the priorities of donors and development agencies have shifted toward other issues, and global funds and initiatives have largely bypassed funding of family planning, less attention is being focused on the consequences of high fertility. Reproductive health is conspicuously absent from the MDGs, and assistance to countries to meet the demand for family planning and related services is insufficient. The need for Bank engagement in population issues pertains to economic growth and poverty reduction, as well as inequities in terms of the impact of high fertility on the poor and other vulnerable groups. Evidence indicates that large family size reduces household spending per child, possibly with adverse effects on girls, and the health of mothers and children are affected by parity and birth intervals. Equity considerations remain central to the Bank's work as poor people are less likely to have access to family planning and other reproductive health services. Other vulnerable groups that are less likely to be served by reproductive health services include adolescents and rural populations. Additionally, improved education for girls, equal opportunities for women in society, and a reduction of the proportion of households living below the poverty line are necessary elements of a strategy to achieve sustainable reductions in fertility. The Bank has a comparative advantage to address these issues at the highest levels of country policy setting, and its involvement in many sectors can produce synergies that will allow faster progress than a more narrow focus on family planning services. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | WORLD BANK | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | POPULATION GROWTH | POPULATION DYNAMICS | POPULATION POLICY | POPULATION SIZE | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | DEMOGRAPHY | FAMILY PLANNING | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | FERTILITY | FERTILITY CHANGES | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Policy | Population | Social Policy | Research Methodology | Social Sciences | Science Document Number: 308762 |
| 19. Title: Adolescent pregnancy -- unmet needs and undone deeds. A review of the literature and programmes. Author: Neelofur-Khan D Source: Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization [WHO], 2007. [109] p. (WHO Discussion Papers on AdolescenceIssues in Adolescent Health and Development) Abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) has been contributing to meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by according priority attention to issues pertaining to the management of adolescent pregnancy. Three of the aims of the MDGs - empowerment of women, promotion of maternal health, and reduction of child mortality - embody WHO's key priorities and its policy framework for poverty reduction. The UN Special Session on Children has focused on some of the key issues affecting adolescents' rights, including early marriage, access to sexual and reproductive health services, and care for pregnant adolescents. This review of the literature was conducted to identify (1) the major factors affecting the pregnancy outcome among adolescents, related to their physical immaturity and inappropriate or inadequate healthcare-seeking behaviour, and (2) the socioeconomic and political barriers that influence their access to health-care services and information. The review also presents programmatic evidence of feasible measures that can be taken at the household, community and national levels to improve pregnancy outcomes among adolescents. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | INCIDENCE | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | NEEDS | MATERNAL MORTALITY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | MORBIDITY | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | MATERNAL HEALTH | PROMOTION | CHILD MORTALITY | MARRIAGE | HUMAN RIGHTS | HEALTH SERVICES | ANTENATAL CARE | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | GOALS | DECISION MAKING | HEALTH POLICY | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | OBSTETRICS | EMERGENCY SERVICES | WHO | Measurement | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Economic Factors | Mortality | Diseases | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Health | Marketing | Nuptiality | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Planning | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Policy | Medicine | UN | International Agencies | Organizations Document Number: 321141 |
| 20. Title: What will it cost to attain the health MDGs? [editorial] Author: Nordstrom A; Edejer TT; Evans D Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2007 Apr;85(4):245-324. Abstract: There is an old saying that "amateurs talk strategy and professionals talk logistics". A professional approach to achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) requires us to move beyond the discussion of possible strategies that could be used. It requires active planning of the practical actions that need to be taken, including raising the necessary funds to ensure these actions can be financed. This cannot be done without information on the costs of implementing the logistical plans. Without detailed plans, countries cannot be sure if they will meet the MDGs. Without accurate costing, countries and donors do not know the extent of the additional funds that will be required. This is a particularly important issue now that we are nearly halfway between the signing of the Millennium Declaration and the target date for achievement, 2015. All recent assessments suggest that few countries are on track and that intensified efforts to raise and use funds well are needed. How much additional funding is required, and where should it be spent? (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | UN | GOALS | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | HEALTH POLICY | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | ECONOMIC FACTORS | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Planning | Policy Document Number: 314825 |
| 21. Title: Integrating population, health, and environment in Ethiopia. Author: Patterson KP Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], BRinging Information to Decisionmakers for Global Effectiveness [BRIDGE], 2007 Nov. 12 p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03-00004-00) Abstract: Ethiopia's diverse cultural, religious, and linguistic heritage reflects its location at the crossroads of Africa and the Middle East. Some of the first human settlements arose in this region, which means that Ethiopians have interacted with their natural environment for millennia. The ox-plow system-the dominant form of agriculture in Ethiopia-arose in the highlands more than 2,000 years ago. The highlands are also home to moorland, grassland, and woodland habitat, which contain considerable biodiversity. Despite some species loss, Ethiopia still claims a wealth of natural resources, though it is increasingly under threat. In recent decades, this ancient center of more than 100 ethnic groups has been known for recurrent famines, epidemics, and conflicts. However, policymakers within and outside Ethiopia are determined to break the cycle of food insecurity and poverty through sustained economic growth, while preserving the country's unique natural heritage. A development model that integrates population, health, and environment factors may be the best way to achieve these goals. A versatile development model that strives to integrate population and environment has been implemented in countries similar to Ethiopia in recent years, with encouraging results. Known as cross-sectoral or integrated population, health, and environment (PHE), this holistic approach has potential for application in Ethiopia and is compatible with the government's new poverty reduction strategy. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | PROGRESS REPORT | POLICYMAKERS | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | CULTURE | ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY | LAND AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT | HEALTH | POPULATION CONTROL | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Environment | Rural Development | Population Policy | Social Policy | Programs | Planning Document Number: 322357 |
| 22. Title: Contraceptive security in Jordan: From conception to delivery. Author: Qatitat A; Ishaqat B Source: [Unpublished]. Presented at Scaling-up Best Practices Conference, Bangkok, September 2-8, 2007. [15] p. Abstract: In this presentation at the Scaling-up Best Practices Conference, Bangkok, September 2-8, 2007, the authors list the following achievements: Government named contraceptives as a public good for the sectors; Procurement mechanism strengthened; Funds allocated and used to buy contraceptives; A unit established for assuring the quality of condoms. Language: English Keywords: JORDAN | SUMMARY REPORT | WOMEN | AGE FACTORS | CONTRACEPTIVE SECURITY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | ADVOCACY | LOGISTICS | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | Developing Countries | Middle East | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Contraceptive Availability | Contraception | Family Planning | Health | Communication | Management | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 331536 |
| 23. Peer Reviewed Title: In the crucible: When development, poverty and fundamentalism combine. Author: Srinivasan B Source: Development. 2007 Jun;50(2):122-126. Abstract: In this article, I grapple with the social and political impact of development, poverty and religious fundamentalism among the Dalit, adivasi and other economically vulnerable communities of women in India, specifically in the western state of Gujarat. Although the focus is on my experience in India, parallels can also be seen in other parts of the world, as neo-liberal globalization creates multiple forms of development-oriented policies, which seek to marginalize and disenfranchise large sections of people, assisted by conservative and fundamentalist states. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | CRITIQUE | WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | WOMEN'S STATUS | ETHNIC GROUPS | POVERTY | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | POLITICAL FACTORS | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Human Rights | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Religion Document Number: 319944 |
| 24. Title: Involving those directly affected in health and development communication programs. Participation guide. Author: Tapia M; Brasington A; Van Lith L Source: Baltimore, Maryland, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, Health Communication Partnership [HCP], 2007. 34 p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPH-A-00-02-00008-00) Also available from: http://www.aidsalliance.org/graphics/secretariat/publications/participation_guide.pdf Abstract: The Participation Guide provides simple tips and tools to involve affected individuals and groups in the various stages of health and development communication programs. This Guide provides examples of how to include those most marginalized that a health or development communication program is meant to empower. These people could include low-income women of reproductive age, youth, orphans and vulnerable children, people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA), or staff from organizations working with affected individuals or groups The Guide's intended audience includes program officers, program staff, and development practitioners interested in effectively involving those directly concerned in the health and development communication programs they support. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | EVALUATION | HEALTH PERSONNEL | COMMUNICATIONS PERSONNEL | USAID | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | PARTICIPATION | PROGRAM DESIGN | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | MONITORING | IMPLEMENTATION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Communication | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication Programs | Behavior Change | Behavior | Social Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors Document Number: 318977 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: The African movement of working children and youth. Author: Terenzio F Source: Development. 2007 Mar;50(1):68-71. Abstract: Fabrizio Terenzio shares his thoughts on how working children have been participating in African development over the last 20 years. He argues that the sheer number of children in Africa makes them key stakeholders in economic, social and political contexts in the continent. He underlines that the success and sustainability of children's livelihoods and development depends largely on their participation. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | AFRICA, NORTH | CRITIQUE | CHILDREN | HUMAN RIGHTS | PARTICIPATION | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | LIVELIHOOD | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Biology | Resources | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors Document Number: 319940 |
| 26. Title: Youth-led development -- Empowering youth to make poverty history. Author: Woollcombe D Source: Totnes, United Kingdom, Green Books, 2007. 86 p. (Schumacher Briefing No. 14) Abstract: This briefing explains why youth issues comprise a promising field for overseas development assistance. It argues that youth should be at the center of all development policy and offers examples of where young people's interventions are most effective. Language: English Keywords: YOUTH | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors Document Number: 327123 |
| 27. Title: Improving the food security of AIDS-affected households in rural Uganda. Author: International Center for Research on Women [ICRW] Source: Washington, D.C., ICRW, 2006 Apr. [2] p. (Research UpdateUSAID Contract No. A103.33AUSAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00012-00) Abstract: ICRW is working with The AIDS Support Organization of Uganda (TASO) and the National Agricultural Research Organization of Uganda (NARO) to improve food security and nutrition of AIDS-affected households in rural Uganda. The project, "Transcending Boundaries to Improve the Food Security of AIDS-affected Households in Rural Uganda," is addressing the complexities of food insecurity and HIV/AIDS by forging partnerships across sectors - including institutions with expertise in agriculture, nutrition, gender and HIV/AIDS - at the district, community and local levels. Partners are working in Uganda's Tororo district with farmers' groups to identify and implement food security interventions that are gender sensitive and meet the nutritional needs of people living with HIV and AIDS. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | RURAL AREAS | HOUSEHOLDS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | MOTHERS | CHILD | FOOD SECURITY | INTERVENTIONS | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | IMPLEMENTATION | FOOD AND BEVERAGE | NUTRITION | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Food Supply | Natural Resources | Environment | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Health Document Number: 321258 |
| 28. Title: Myanmar National Strategic Plan on HIV and AIDS, 2006-2010. Author: Myanmar Source: [Naypyidaw], Myanmar, 2006. 101 p. Abstract: The HIV epidemics in Myanmar remain largely concentrated among people identified with high-risk behaviours, in particular sex workers and their clients, injecting drug users and men having sex with men; and populations identified as highly vulnerable on the basis of their young age, gender, mobility and social or occupational characteristics. This focus of the epidemics calls for the urgent strengthening of prevention, care and treatment programmes addressing primarily the needs of these populations. The responses to the HIV epidemic to date have been diverse and great sources of learning, and demonstrated the capacity to respond to the HIV epidemic successfully in Myanmar, but are not being implemented to a scale sufficiently enough to slow down the epidemic or mitigate its impact. Confronting an unabated HIV epidemic, the Government of Myanmar decided to embark on a comprehensive prevention, care and treatment strategy which would build on the experience and enroll the participation of all actors committed to this goal. Accordingly, this National Strategic Plan was the first in Myanmar developed using participatory processes, with direct involvement of all sectors involved in the national response to the HIV epidemic. Contributions were made by the Ministry of Health, several other government ministries, United Nations entities, local non-government organizations, international non-government organizations, people living with HIV and people from vulnerable groups. The National Strategic Plan 2006 - 2010 was prepared following a series of reviews which looked at the progress and experiences of activities during the first half of the decade. These included a midterm review of the Joint Programme for HIV/ AIDS in 2005 and a review of the National AIDS Programme in 2006, as well as many diverse studies and reviews of particular programmes and projects. The National Strategic Plan identifies what is now required to improve national and local responses, bring partners together to reinforce the effectiveness of all responses, and build more effective management, coordination, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. It builds on current responses, identifies initiatives which are working and need to be scaled up to have maximum impact, builds on key principles which will underline the national response, outlines broadly the approaches to be used for prevention, treatment, care and support, and delineates strategic directions and activity areas to be further developed in order to mitigate the impact of the epidemic. Ambitious service delivery targets have been set, aiming towards 'Universal Access' to prevention and care services. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MYANMAR | TECHNICAL REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | GOALS | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | TREATMENT | CARE AND SUPPORT | HEALTH SERVICES | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | PLANNING | IMPLEMENTATION | GOVERNMENT | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | PUBLIC SECTOR | PRIVATE SECTOR | COORDINATION | MONITORING | EVALUATION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Organization and Administration | AIDS | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Programs | Political Factors | Organizations | Macroeconomic Factors | Program Evaluation Document Number: 321139 |
| 29. Title: National HIV / AIDS / STIs strategic plan, 2006-2010. Draft report. Author: Timor-Leste. Ministerio da Saude Source: [Dili], Timor-Leste, Ministerio da Saude, 2006 Feb. 55 p. Abstract: HIV/AIDS is a health crisis that is wreaking devastation for individuals, families, communities and nations worldwide. Almost 30 million have died and an estimated 40 million are currently living with HIV/AIDS, mostly in developing countries. In the absence of effective treatment most face a debilitating illness ultimately leading to death. However HIV/AIDS is not only a health crisis but also one that fundamentally threatens the development aspirations of those nations most affected. Economies have been devastated and basic social service sectors such as health and education are collapsing. HIV/AIDS is a disease that disproportionately infects young people, particularly those of childbearing age. The death of parents has left millions of children orphaned, with little hope of a supportive upbringing. Timor-Leste is a country in the early stages of national development. As such it faces significant challenges common to all new nations as well as specific challenges resulting from its own unique history, culture and environment. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: TIMOR-LESTE | TECHNICAL REPORT | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | GOALS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV PREVENTION | POVERTY | HEALTH | EDUCATION | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | PROMOTION | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | HUMAN RIGHTS | PARTICIPATION | GOVERNMENT | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | PRIVATE SECTOR | FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATION | HEALTH POLICY | HEALTH SERVICES | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | PLANNING | IMPLEMENTATION | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Economic Factors | Organization and Administration | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Socioeconomic Factors | Marketing | Delivery of Health Care | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Organizations | Macroeconomic Factors | Policy | Communication | Programs Document Number: 321138 |
| 30. Title: Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in sub-Saharan Africa: a macroeconomic monitoring framework. Author: Agenor PR; Bayraktar N; Moreira EP; El Aynaoui K Source: World Economy. 2006;29(11):1519-1547. Abstract: 3,000 Africans die every day of a mosquito bite. Can you think about that, malaria? That's not acceptable in the 21st century and we can stop it. And water-borne illnesses - dirty water takes another 3,000 lives - children, mothers, sisters . . . If we're to take this issue seriously, and we must, because in 50 years, you know, when they [G-8 Heads of State] look back at this moment . . . they'll talk about what we did or didn't do about this continent bursting into flames. It is the most extraordinary thing to watch people dying three in a bed, two on top and one underneath, as I have seen in Lilongwe, Malawi. I mean, it is an astonishing thing. And it's avoidable. It's an avoidable catastrophe. You saw what happened with the tsunami. You see the outpouring, you see the dramatic pictures. Well, there's a tsunami happening every month in Africa, but it's an avoidable catastrophe. It is not a natural calamity. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | NIGER | RESEARCH REPORT | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | THEORETICAL MODELS | POLICYMAKERS | MACROECONOMIC FACTORS | GOALS | MONITORING | UN | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | HEALTH POLICY | FOREIGN AID | GRANTS | INVESTMENTS | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Planning | Evaluation | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Policy | Financial Activities Document Number: 311119 |
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