| 1. Peer Reviewed Title: Demographic and health surveillance: longitudinal ethical considerations. Author: Carrel M; Rennie S Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2008 Aug;86(8):612-6. Abstract: Longitudinal data gathered from health surveillance, when combined with detailed demographic information, can provide invaluable insight into disease outcomes. Many such surveillance sites exist in the developing world, particularly in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, and focus on diseases such as HIV/AIDS, cholera, malaria and tuberculosis. The indistinct positions of such surveillance systems, often inhabiting an area between research, treatment and population health monitoring, means that the necessity of and responsibility for ethical oversight is unclear. This regulatory vacuum is further compounded by a lack of attention to longitudinal surveillance systems in ethics literature. In this paper, we explore some key ethical questions that arise during demographic and health surveillance in relation to ethical principles of beneficence, respect for persons and justice: health-care provision, informed consent and study sustainability. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | HEALTH SURVEYS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | POLICYMAKERS | ETHICS | DEMOGRAPHY | EPIDEMIOLOGY | HEALTH POLICY | INFORMED CONSENT | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Studies | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Sociocultural Factors | Social Sciences | Science | Public Health | Policy | Political Factors | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Programs Document Number: 329104 |
2.  Title: Long-term population effect of male circumcision in generalised HIV epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa. Author: Garenne M Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2008 May;7(1):1-8. Abstract: This paper examines the complex relationship between male circumcision and HIV prevalence and incidence in sub-Saharan African countries that have generalised epidemics. In South Africa, the mean yearly HIV incidence and an estimate of the net reproduction rate of the epidemic (R0) (in this case, the ratio of the number of HIV-infected persons between 1994 and 2004 to the number of persons infected in 1994 from which they were presumed to have become infected) were computed from antenatal clinic data for the period 1994-2004, and then compared, by province, to prevailing levels of male circumcision (high, medium and low). In South Africa, mean yearly HIV incidence and net reproduction rate of the epidemic were not lower in provinces with higher levels of male circumcision. For thirteen other countries where Demographic and Health Survey data were available, male HIV prevalence in circumcised and non-circumcised groups was compared. A meta-analysis of that data, contrasting male HIV seroprevalence according to circumcision status, showed no difference between the two groups (combined risk ratio [RR] = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.94-1.05). Individual case study analysis of eight of those countries showed no significant difference in seroprevalence in circumcised and uncircumcised groups, while two countries (Kenya and Uganda) showed lower HIV prevalence among circumcised groups, and three countries (Cameroon, Lesotho and Malawi) showed higher HIV prevalence among circumcised groups. In most countries with a complex ethnic fabric, the relationship between men's circumcision status and HIV seroprevalence was not straightforward, with the exception of the Luo in Kenya and a few groups in Uganda. These observations put into question the potential long-term effect of voluntary circumcision programmes in countries with generalised HIV epidemics. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGY | QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH | INCIDENCE | SURVEYS | HOUSEHOLDS | MEN | MALE CIRCUMCISION | HIV INFECTIONS | HIV PREVENTION | DEMOGRAPHY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Public Health | Health | Research Methodology | Measurement | Sampling Studies | Studies | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Sciences | Science Document Number: 327155 |
| 3. Title: The impact of future demographic trends in Europe, 2005 -- 2050. Author: Kupiszewski M; Bijak J; Nowok B Source: Finnish Yearbook of Population Research. 2008;43:147-183. Abstract: The objective of the paper is to examine the future of populations within the Council of Europe member states, identify the main trends and discuss their policy implications. The analysis focuses on the impact that future demographic trends will have on the following social domains: education, the labour market, health care and care of the elderly and social protection. The study aims to be policy-oriented and to provide an overview of future demographic trends for 2005-2050 in the Council of Europe member states, as well as presenting an analysis related to selected policies and an interpretation of these trends. The analysis of population dynamics in the coming 45 years is based on the United Nations population projection of 2005. (author's) Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | POPULATION | OLDER ADULTS | LABOR FORCE | POPULATION FORECAST | DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT | SOCIAL POLICY | EDUCATION | EMPLOYMENT | POPULATION DYNAMICS | DEMOGRAPHY | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | SOCIAL PROTECTION | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Estimation Techniques | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Social Sciences | Science | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 326071 |
4.  Title: China and India: Demography, human capital, and socioeconomic transformations. Extended abstract. Author: Banister J Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. 2 p. Abstract: During the last half century, India and China, by far the world's two most populous countries, have experienced major demographic transitions with strong drops in both mortality and fertility. Because of steep fertility decline from the early 1970s to today, China has a swiftly changing age structure with a shrinking population in the young working age groups and rapid population aging. India's demographic transition has been and still is much more gradual than that of China. The size of the labor force continues to grow in both countries. During 2000-2004, the annual growth in the economically active population was 0.9 percent a year for China and 1.0 percent a year for India. Both India and China have massive numbers of extremely low productivity workers whose marginal productivity is essentially zero. These two nations have difficulty providing enough additional meaningful jobs in their rural and urban economies to employ the annual increments to their workforces and simultaneously to better utilize their current surplus workers. In particular, both countries are trying to rapidly increase employment opportunities in their modern industrial and service sectors. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | INDIA | SUMMARY REPORT | LABOR FORCE | DEMOGRAPHY | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | HUMAN CAPITAL | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | AGE DISTRIBUTION | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | INEQUALITIES | Developing Countries | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Asia, Southern | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics Document Number: 318541 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: The anthropological demography of Europe. Author: Bernardi L; Hutter I Source: Demographic Research. 2007 Dec 18;17(18):541-566. Abstract: This paper introduces a collection of related research studies on the anthropological demography of Europe. Anthropological demography is a specialty within demography that uses anthropological theory and methods to provide a better understanding of demographic phenomena in current and past populations. Its genesis and ongoing growth lies at the intersection of demography and socio-cultural anthropology and with their efforts to understand population processes: mainly fertility, migration, and mortality. Both disciplines share a common research subject, namely human populations, and they focus on mutually complementary aspects. The authors of this paper focus on the differences between the disciplines of anthropology and demography, the emergence of anthropological demography and its theoretical, methodological, and empirical aspects. In addition, they critically summarize the contributions that were presented in the first workshop of the Working Group on Anthropological Demography of Europe of the European Association for Population Studies, held in Rostock in Fall 2005 and reflect on how these papers add to the further development of anthropological demography in Europe, i.e. elaborating the epistemology of anthropological demography; applying additional theoretical perspectives to better understand demographic behaviour in Europe ; illustrating the way in which culture plays a role in case studies on European demographic behaviour; and emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to data collection and the added value of triangulating quantitative and qualitative analyses. (author's) Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | WOMEN | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | DEMOGRAPHY | BEHAVIOR | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | ECONOMIC FACTORS | GENDER ISSUES | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | NUPTIALITY | Developed Countries | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 323344 |
| 6. Title: Demographic statistics in India: Why shall we take the electoral roll seriously? Author: Bhattacharya K; Das A; Mitra A Source: Demography India. 2007 Jan-Jun;36(1):155-167. Abstract: This paper suggests an innovative approach to collection of demographic statistics in India that could dramatically improve the situation, culminating in an on-line register based approach to collection of demographic statistics. The author argues that with a little innovation, the electoral roll (ER) prepared by the Election Commission (EC) in India could be extended into an online population database (OPD). Proper documentation of changes in the records of this database over time would then be an invaluable source to estimate demographic measures, as well as to study other socio-economic phenomena like migration. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | POPULATION STATISTICS | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | DATA COLLECTION | POPULATION | VOTING | DEMOGRAPHY | STATISTICS | DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL | INTERNET | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Sciences | Science | Information Processing | Information | Information Networks | Communication | Economic Factors Document Number: 324150 |
| 7. Title: The demography of Mau Mau: Fertility and mortality in Kenya in the 1950s: A demographer's viewpoint. Author: Blacker J Source: African Affairs. 2007 Apr;106(423):205-227. Abstract: This article examines the allegation that up to 300,000 Kikuyu and others died as a result of the Mau Mau Emergency in Kenya in the 1950s. This figure was based on comparative numbers from the 1948 and 1962 censuses, but they failed to take into account the changes in the tribal classifications and differences in the coverage of the two censuses. Using data from the 1969 Kenya census, we have reconstructed the levels and patterns of mortality in the 1950s, and we show that mortality of the Kikuyu was consistently lower than those of the Kamba, Luhya and Luo peoples. We have also used unpublished data from the 1948 census to estimate infant mortality among the Kikuyu, Embu and Meru prior to the emergency. Using this figure as an indicator of 'normal' mortality, we have compared them with the estimates derived from the 1969 census, and so calculated the number of 'excess' deaths. They amount to perhaps 50,000; more than half of them were children under 10. Given the fragile nature of the data and assumptions, our estimates are subject to large margins of error, but they at least give us an order of magnitude. (author's) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | CENSUS | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | DEMOGRAPHY | FERTILITY | MORTALITY | INFANT MORTALITY | DEATH RATE | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 313443 |
| 8. Title: Demography of HIV / AIDS in China. A report of the Task Force on HIV / AIDS, Center for Strategic and International Studies. Author: Gill B; Huang Y; Lu X Source: Washington, D.C., Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2007 Jul. [40] p. Abstract: The challenge to determining the true impact of HIV within the general population in China has been the lack of a reliable, comprehensive surveillance and reporting system, coupled with the lack of an effective referral chain within the Chinese healthcare system. However, over the past few years, more information has become available about specific, at-risk populations. The nature of China's HIV epidemic complicates assessments about its future. The vast majority of Chinese persons harboring HIV are within marginalized, at-risk, and hard-to-reach populations, such as intravenous drug users (IDUs), commercial sex workers (CSWs), and increasingly within the migrant labor population. Moreover, the disease is found predominantly in more remote and poor areas of China, and it disproportionately affects ethnic minorities, especially in southwestern and western China. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | IV DRUG USERS | SEX WORKERS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | MIGRANT WORKERS | RURAL POPULATION | BLOOD DONORS | DEMOGRAPHY | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | RISK FACTORS | RISK BEHAVIOR | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Sex Behavior | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Blood Supply | Equipment and Supplies | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Geography | Biology | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 326750 |
| 9. Title: Demographic surveillance in the field to capture African population trends. Author: Guyavarch E Source: Population and Societies. 2007 Apr;(433):1-4. Abstract: According to the United Nations, the population of sub-Saharan Africa should more than double by 2050. But statistical data are scarce and do not give a clear picture of trends or factors of change. To make up for this lack of information, demographic surveillance systems (DSS) have been set up in specific regions. Using examples of demographic surveillance projects in Senegal run by researchers of the Institut national d'études démographiques (INED) and the Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Emmanuelle Guyavarch explains how they function and why they are useful to researchers. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RECOMMENDATIONS | CRITIQUE | DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | CASE STUDIES | POPULATION | POPULATION DYNAMICS | POPULATION GROWTH | DEMOGRAPHY | MONITORING | MATERNAL MORTALITY | CONTRACEPTION | FERTILITY RATE | Developing Countries | Africa | Demographic Factors | Studies | Research Methodology | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Evaluation | Mortality | Family Planning | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility Document Number: 316255 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: Availability, accessibility and utilization of Pacific Island demographic data -- issues of data quality and user relevance. Author: Haberkorn G; Jorari A Source: Asia-Pacific Population Journal. 2007 Dec;22(3):75-95. Abstract: While ensuring that data are available, and available on time it is imperative to en sure also that they are of good quality - reliable (of sound quality) and valid (meaning that they do measure what they are meant to). This requires skilled and experienced staff in place, right through out Pacific island countries and territories' national statistical systems, and not merely at the level of section or agency head. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OCEANIA | CRITIQUE | DEMOGRAPHY | DATA QUALITY | FERTILITY | MORTALITY | MIGRATION | CENSUS | ERROR SOURCES | POPULATION SIZE | VITAL STATISTICS | Developing Countries | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Statistics | Measurement Document Number: 326123 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Beyond and below the nation state: Challenges for population data collection and analysis. Author: Hull TH Source: Asia-Pacific Population Journal. 2007 Apr;22(1):3-7. Abstract: While the science of demography addresses the whole of the human population, substantive demographic research is most often focused on populations with common characteristics. For the last six decades the nation state has been the social unit that has dominated demographic research. The reasons for this focus make perfect sense. Nations define their populations in terms of citizenship and define the ways in which people will be identified in any effort to count the numbers. They have the authority, the interest and the resources to carry out collections of information about members of these defined populations. As members of the United Nations they collaborate with other nations to develop the methodological and technical tools used to analyse national population numbers in ways that are relevant to state policies and actions. In short, the nation is the foundation unit for understanding human population composition and growth. Global population numbers are estimated by compiling the information collected by nations. Interest in populations of units smaller than the nation also relies on national statistical collections and national definitions of component populations, but for most users of data the focus is on the nation, and not the units beyond or below that political entity. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | DATA COLLECTION | DATA AGGREGATION | DATA ANALYSIS | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | GOVERNMENT | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | DEMOGRAPHY | POPULATION DYNAMICS | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | Research Methodology | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Organizations | Social Sciences | Science | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 317068 |
| 12. Title: Population issues in the 21st century: The role of the World Bank. Author: Lakshminarayanan R; May JF; Bos E; Hasan R; Suzuki E Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, Human Development Network, 2007 Apr. [78] p. (HNP Discussion Paper) Abstract: The objective of this paper is to discuss some obstacles and opportunities presented by population processes in order to prioritize areas for investment and analytical work as background information for the 2007 HNP Sector Strategy. Within HNP, two areas fall within population: (1) reproductive, maternal, and sexual health issues, and the health services that address them; and (2) levels and trends in births, deaths, and migration that determine population growth and age structure. Many of the aspects of delivery of sexual and reproductive health services are addressed in the overall sector strategy. This paper, therefore, focuses on the determinants and consequences of demographic change, and on policies and interventions that pertain to fertility and family planning. Fertility has declined in most of the low- and middle-income countries, with TFRs converging toward replacement level, except in 35 countries, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where a broad-based decline in fertility has not occurred. As the priorities of donors and development agencies have shifted toward other issues, and global funds and initiatives have largely bypassed funding of family planning, less attention is being focused on the consequences of high fertility. Reproductive health is conspicuously absent from the MDGs, and assistance to countries to meet the demand for family planning and related services is insufficient. The need for Bank engagement in population issues pertains to economic growth and poverty reduction, as well as inequities in terms of the impact of high fertility on the poor and other vulnerable groups. Evidence indicates that large family size reduces household spending per child, possibly with adverse effects on girls, and the health of mothers and children are affected by parity and birth intervals. Equity considerations remain central to the Bank's work as poor people are less likely to have access to family planning and other reproductive health services. Other vulnerable groups that are less likely to be served by reproductive health services include adolescents and rural populations. Additionally, improved education for girls, equal opportunities for women in society, and a reduction of the proportion of households living below the poverty line are necessary elements of a strategy to achieve sustainable reductions in fertility. The Bank has a comparative advantage to address these issues at the highest levels of country policy setting, and its involvement in many sectors can produce synergies that will allow faster progress than a more narrow focus on family planning services. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | WORLD BANK | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | POPULATION GROWTH | POPULATION DYNAMICS | POPULATION POLICY | POPULATION SIZE | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | DEMOGRAPHY | FAMILY PLANNING | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | FERTILITY | FERTILITY CHANGES | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Policy | Population | Social Policy | Research Methodology | Social Sciences | Science Document Number: 308762 |
| 13. Title: New empirical evidence on the Low Fertility Trap Hypothesis. Author: Lutz W; Skirbekk V; Testa MR Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. [4] p. Abstract: It has recently been suggested by Lutz and Skirbekk (2005) and by Lutz, Skirbekk and Testa (forthcoming) that there may be self-reinforcing mechansisms of social change that could lead to a downward spiral in the level of fertility in countries that fall below a possible threshold level (see McDonald 2006 who assumes that such a threshold cold be at around a TFR of 1.5). The idea has been called the "Low Fertility Trap Hypothesis" (LFTH) because of the unvoluntary nature of such a possibly irreversible demographic regime change. The attached paper describes and discussed in quite some detail the assumed three mechanisms: negative demographic momentum, declines in ideal family size as a consequence of low actual fertility in the generation before, and declining relative income of young couples. The paper wants to discuss some new empirical evidence that is relevant for further testing of the hypothesis. In particular we want to analyze the brand new results from the Eurobarometer 2006 which asked many of the same questions as the 2001 Eurobarometer on which Goldstein et al (2003) and the above cited writings on LFTH were based. In addition, we want to present new empirical information on the changing relative income of young adults versus their parents generation with data from the Luxembourg Income Study. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | SUMMARY REPORT | LOW FERTILITY POPULATION | GENERATIONS | DEMOGRAPHY | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | FAMILY SIZE, IDEAL | INCOME | WAGES | FERTILITY DECLINE | Developed Countries | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Social Sciences | Science | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Family Size | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Fertility Changes Document Number: 317391 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: "Low" fertility and population replacement in Scotland. Author: MacInnes J; Diaz JP Source: Population, Space and Place. 2007 Jan-Feb;13(1):3-21. Abstract: It has been argued that Scotland faces population ageing and decline that will have potentially serious economic and social consequences, and that the origin of these processes lie in its low and declining fertility rates. After considering alternatives to the total period rate measure of fertility, empirical evidence and theoretical argument about low fertility and its consequences is briefly reviewed. The paper argues that low fertility in general may not be the problem it is often purported to be, that Scotland has relatively high fertility, and that pro-natalist policies are neither desirable nor necessary. It suggests that low fertility and population ageing may be viewed as positive developments, and that within Europe, Scotland is distinguished more by its excess of early deaths than by any shortage of births. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SCOTLAND | LITERATURE REVIEW | POPULATION | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | FERTILITY DECLINE | SOCIAL CHANGE | DEMOGRAPHY | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | POPULATION POLICY | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | EXCESS MORTALITY | POPULATION FORECAST | United Kingdom | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Sociocultural Factors | Social Sciences | Science | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Migration | Mortality | Estimation Techniques | Research Methodology Document Number: 311616 |
| 15. Title: Population: a lively introduction. 5th ed. Author: McFalls JA Jr Source: Population Bulletin. 2007 Mar;62(1):1-31. Abstract: This Population Bulletin presents the basic what, why, and how of the study of demography. It is not a comprehensive treatment of the subject, but it does provide an overview of demographic processes and the basic measures used to assess them. In addition, it traces population trends in the world and the United States, surveys the demographic differences among population groups, and examines broad social issues linked to population change. The first three sections of this Bulletin provide the framework for studying the dynamics of population. Fertility, mortality, and migration are at the root of all demographic change. The fourth section reveals how changes in fertility, mortality, and migration affect a population's size and growth rate, and how population projections are calculated. The fifth section delves into the composition of population according to common variables: age, sex, and race or ethnicity. The sixth section describes how the geographic distribution of population changes, primarily through migration. The final sections discuss issues and problems associated with population growth. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | TEACHING MATERIALS | DEMOGRAPHY | FERTILITY | MORTALITY | MIGRATION | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | AGE DISTRIBUTION | SEX DISTRIBUTION | POPULATION GROWTH | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Geographic Factors | Age Factors | Sex Factors Document Number: 315066 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Using age and spatial flow structures in the indirect estimation of migration streams. Author: Raymer J; Rogers A Source: Demography. 2007 May;44(2):199-223. Abstract: This article outlines a formal model-based approach for inferring interregional age-specific migration streams in settings where such data are incomplete, inadequate, or unavailable. The estimation approach relies heavily on log-linear models, using them to impose some of the regularities exhibited by past age and spatial structures or to combine and borrow information drawn from other sources. The approach is illustrated using data from the 1990 and 2000 U.S. and Mexico censuses. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MEXICO | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | MIGRATION | AGE FACTORS | DEMOGRAPHY | ORIGIN | DESTINATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Theoretical Models | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 317135 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: Areal interpolation of population counts using pre-classified land cover data. Author: Reibel M; Agrawal A Source: Population Research and Policy Review. 2007 Dec;26(5-6):619-633. Abstract: The need to combine spatial data representing sociodemographic information across incompatible spatial units is a common problem for demographers. A particular concern is computing small area trends when aggregation zone boundaries change during the trend interval. To that end, this study provides an example of dasymetric areal interpolation using the pre-classified land cover data available through the US Geological Survey's National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) program. Areal interpolation of population estimates is preferable to traditional reaggregation techniques, and the use of land cover data as a weighting factor in interpolated estimation has been shown in earlier studies to be highly accurate. In this study, the NLCD data set performs well and, because it requires no classification, it compares favorably with other land cover data sets for areal interpolation when considered on the basis of accuracy, precision and ease of use. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | CENSUS | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | TECHNOLOGY | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | DEMOGRAPHY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Geographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Theoretical Models | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 322085 |
| 18. Title: Awareness and action: The ethno-gender dynamics of Sri Lankan NGOs. Author: Ruwanpura KN Source: Gender, Place and Culture. 2007 Jun;14(3):317-333. Abstract: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are the modus operandi in the development arena at this juncture. Many, including feminists, place much faith in these actors for creating a progressive space for social, political, and economic activities to be undertaken. This article employs fieldwork evidence from eastern Sri Lanka, carried out in 1998-1999 and early 2004, to challenge this simplistic reading. The primary social group that was studied during the fieldwork period was female-headed households. This article argues that there are different types of NGO working in multiple ways in the region, and it is important to distinguish between these differences. NGOs that primarily execute development-oriented projects without considering the ethno-nationalist and gender politics are culpable of the violence of development. It is only when NGOs are in local communities for the long haul that they are able to develop a commitment to reassess and evaluate the social transformative potential of their activities. Using a feminist political economy perspective this article argues that it is important and necessary that NGOs confront social, political, and economic structures, including ethnic identity politics, if their activities are to lead to transformative feminist politics. In other words, NGOs would have to do more than pay lip service to gender mainstreaming, as is more often the case. These actors need to recognize and understand the potency of ethno-nationalist politics, social structures, social exclusion, and social injustice in order to create social spaces that are enabling of women's agency in the local communities within which they work and operate. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SRI LANKA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | ETHNIC GROUPS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD | DEMOGRAPHY | GENDER RELATIONS | POLITICAL FACTORS | SEX DISCRIMINATION | SOCIAL CHANGE | FEMINISM | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Households | Family and Household | Social Sciences | Science | Gender Issues | Social Discrimination | Social Problems Document Number: 313552 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: Taking the lab to the field: Monitoring reproductive hormones in population research. Author: Valeggia CR Source: Population and Development Review. 2007 Sep;33(3):525-542. Abstract: The benefits of incorporating biomarkers in population studies are further illustrated by examining how an understanding of the variation in reproductive hormone levels contributes to understanding demographic phenomena. The variation in reproductive hormone levels can be very high among populations, within populations, and even within the same woman. This variation, far from being considered as noise, should become the focus of our research attention. This note provides an overview of methods and techniques for estimating hormonal levels in large-scale population studies and considers their advantages and disadvantages and the ethical issues that biomarker collection may raise. Herein, "large-scale" means the collection and analysis of thousands of samples from the field. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | DEMOGRAPHERS | POPULATION | HORMONES | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | ETHICS | DEMOGRAPHY | FERTILITY | MORTALITY | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors Document Number: 320254 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Demography as a spatial social science. Author: Voss PR Source: Population Research and Policy Review. 2007 Dec;26(5-6):457-476. Abstract: Scholars in many social science disciplines have taken note of the reemerging interest in issues concerning social processes embedded within a spatial context. While some argue that this awakening is refreshing and new and, in fact, long overdue, I demonstrate that spatially focused demographic theories and research agendas clearly predate contemporary interest in these topics. I assert that recent methodological advancements have merely encouraged and brought refinement to the expanding body of spatially oriented population research-research strongly rooted in demographic tradition and practice. Indeed, I make the claim that, until roughly the mid-20th century, virtually all demography in the United States (and elsewhere, but not specifically examined here) was spatial demography. Then, shortly after mid-century, a paradigm shift occurred, and the scientific study of population quickly came to be dominated by attention to the individual as the agent of demographic action. Traditional spatial demography - macro-demography - gave way to micro-demography, and, I argue, most demographers simply abandoned the data and approach of spatial demography. In closing the paper I include a brief discussion of the recent awakening that has come to spatial demographers from developments in other disciplines, principally geography, regional science, and spatial econometrics. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | LITERATURE REVIEW | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | DEMOGRAPHY | SOCIAL SCIENCES | MIGRATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Geographic Factors | Population | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors Document Number: 322081 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Introduction to the special issue on spatial demography. Author: Voss PR Source: Population Research and Policy Review. 2007 Dec;26(5-6):455-456. Abstract: This issue of PRPR, and the issue to follow, brings together a number of articles of interest to demographers that explore in one way or another some of the approaches to data analysis when the data are linked to location. The analysis of data for areal units (units generally drawn from a geographic hierarchy of areas common to national censuses) brings with it a number of problems. Attributes of spatially referenced data generally violate some of the critical assumptions underlying classical statistical measures and models, a dilemma that necessitates both caution regarding these violations and attention to methods designed to correct for them. These problems have been understood for several decades by quantitative geographers (most notably in the UK) and regional scientists (predominantly on the European continent), but demographers have been slow bring these methodologies into their own toolkits. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | EUROPE | LITERATURE REVIEW | DATA ANALYSIS | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | DEMOGRAPHY | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Geographic Factors | Population | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 322100 |
| 22. Title: Development and demography: A relationship that requires research [editorial] Author: PLoS Medicine Editors Source: PLoS Medicine. 2006 Apr;3(4):e211. Abstract: One of the most unsettling images for newcomers to many parts of Africa is the sight of undernourished women bearing unfeasibly large vessels of water long distances over rough terrain to supply the needs of their families. A sense of outrage that anyone should have to live like this in the 21st century forms the basis of the humanitarian imperative that drives development programs, especially those that focus on basic needs such as access to safe water. When such a program reduces from three hours to 15 minutes the time that women spend fetching water each day, surely it can be described as a success, without the need for any "scientific" assessment of what has been achieved? In this issue of PLoS Medicine, we publish a study that did assess such a program. Mhairi Gibson and Ruth Mace (DOI: 10.1371/journal. pmed.0030087)--from the University of Bristol, United Kingdom--compared villages in Ethiopia that benefited from a tapped water supply with other villages that did not. Outcome measures included the nutritional status of women and children, mortality rates, and birth rates. There were a number of surprising findings, most notably the large increase in birthrate in the villages where the water supply intervention took place. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | CRITIQUE | WOMEN | PROGRAMS | DEMOGRAPHY | WATER SUPPLY | POVERTY | MORTALITY | UNFPA | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POPULATION | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | NUTRITION | Africa | Developing Countries | Organization and Administration | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Natural Resources | Environment | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Economic Development | Health Document Number: 311946 |
| 23. Title: SIECUS PEPFAR country profiles: focusing in on prevention and youth. Ethiopia. Author: Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States [SIECUS] Source: New York, New York, SIECUS, [2006]. [11] p. (SIECUS PEPFAR Country Profiles: Focusing in on Prevention and Youth) Abstract: The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is the third most populous country in Africa, home to approximately 73.1 million people. Ethiopians comprise a variety of ethnic groups, including Oromo (40%),Amhara and Tirgre (32%), Sidamo (9%), Shankella (6%), Somali (6%), Afar (4%), and Gurage (2%). Ethiopians are largely Muslim (45-50%) and Christian (35-40%), with only 15%-20% of the population holding other religious beliefs. Ethiopia, having governed itself for at least 2,000 years, is the oldest independent country in Africa, indeed one of the oldest in the world. Ethiopia's government consists of nine ethnically-based states and two self-governing administrations. In 1994, Ethiopia ratified its current constitution which became effective in 1995. The current administration is headed by President Girma Woldegiorgis, elected in 2001, and Prime Minister Meles Zanawi, in office since 1995. The next elections will be held in 2007. Ethiopia has long been beset by both internal and transnational conflict. In the region, the countries of Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Sudan, have been a triangle of conflict, based on border disputes, ethnic tensions, and clashing religious ideologies. After a border dispute with Eritrea, both countries agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's delimitation decision, but despite the accords and international intervention, mutual animosities, accusations, and armed posturing continue. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | YOUTH | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | WAR | DEMOGRAPHY | MACROECONOMIC FACTORS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV PREVENTION | HEALTH POLICY | FUNDS | FOREIGN AID | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Sciences | Science | Economic Factors | Health | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Policy | Financial Activities Document Number: 304790 |
| 24. Title: Spatial demography: an opportunity to improve policy making at diverse decision levels. Author: Caldas de Castro M Source: [Unpublished] 2006. Presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, Los Angeles, California, March 30 - April 1, 2006. [25] p. Abstract: The growing number of applications address space in several ways, ranging from a simple visualization of one or more variables in a map, to sophisticated spatial statistical models that seek to explain why a particular spatial pattern is observed. This article reviews spatial demography applications on population growth, mathematical models of population, fertility, mortality, and migration. Only applications that apply spatial statistical techniques are considered, and therefore visualization applications, although important, are not included in the review. A strong case is made that the findings of these studies offer a significant contribution to monitoring, evaluation, and implementation of population policies. Different types of spatial data are described and current sources of freely distributed spatial data are listed. Mostly important, this article outlines major challenges that still exist for the development of spatial demography applications. These challenges range from technical issuesto lack of adequate training. Finally, potential areas of future applications of spatial demography are suggested. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | DEMOGRAPHY | GEOGRAPHY | FERTILITY | MORTALITY | MIGRATION | POPULATION GROWTH | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | POPULATION POLICY | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration Document Number: 318888 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: The political economy of African population change. Author: Clapham C Source: Population and Development Review. 2006;32 Suppl:96-114. Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa stands firmly at one end of the demographic and development continuum. Demographically, it ranks highest in the world in its recent level of population increase, at 2.5 percent per annum over the period 1990-2003, though this marks a decrease from the 2.9 percent of the previous decade. The region combines this growth with by far the lowest life expectancy at birth of any part of the world, at 46 years in 2002, or 17 years below the next lowest, South Asia; alarmingly, life expectancy has fallen by six years between 1995 and 2003, a drop to be explained almost entirely by the impact of HIV/AIDS.' Economically, Africa's estimated gross national income per capita of $490 in 2003 was likewise the lowest among world regions, just below South Asia at $510, although in purchasing power parity terms the discrepancy was much greater, giving Africans only two-thirds the effective income of their South Asian counterparts (ibid.). Africa's recent political record has been uneven, with a significant number of countries showing signs of improvement in their previous levels of stability, multi-party democracy, and good governance, set against several of the world's worst cases of state failure and political collapse. Its economic growth rate has also moved sharply upward in recent years, largely as a result of the boom in primary product prices driven by China's industrialization. All in all, however, it is depressingly hard to disagree with the common conceptualization of the continent as an economic, political, and humanitarian "problem," even though it may be going too far to condemn it roundly as a "failure." (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | AFRICA, NORTH | CRITIQUE | POPULATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | POLITICAL FACTORS | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | POPULATION DYNAMICS | DEMOGRAPHY | POPULATION FORECAST | FOOD SECURITY | AIDS | HUMAN CAPITAL | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Demographic Factors | Social Sciences | Science | Estimation Techniques | Research Methodology | Food Supply | Natural Resources | Environment | Human Resources Document Number: 305201 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: A general temporal data model and the structured population event history register. Author: Clark SJ Source: Demographic Research. 2006 Oct 13;15:181-252. Abstract: At this time there are 37 demographic surveillance system sites active in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Central America, and this number is growing continuously. These sites and other longitudinal population and health research projects generate large quantities of complex temporal data in order to describe, explain and investigate the event histories of individuals and the populations they constitute. This article presents possible solutions to some of the key data management challenges associated with those data. The fundamental components of a temporal system are identified and both they and their relationships to each other are given simple, standardized definitions. Further, a metadata framework is proposed to endow this abstract generalization with specific meaning and to bind the definitions of the data to the data themselves. The result is a temporal data model that is generalized, conceptually tractable, and inherently contains a full description of the primary data it organizes. Individual databases utilizing this temporal data model can be customized to suit the needs of their operators without modifying the underlying design of the database or sacrificing the potential to transparently share compatible subsets of their data with other similar databases. A practical working relational database design based on this general temporal data model is presented and demonstrated. This work has arisen out of experience with demographic surveillance in the developing world, and although the challenges and their solutions are more general, the discussion is organized around applications in demographic surveillance. An appendix contains detailed examples and working prototype databases that implement the examples discussed in the text. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | THEORETICAL STUDIES | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | DATA ANALYSIS | THEORETICAL MODELS | POPULATION | DEMOGRAPHERS | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | STANDARDIZATION | DEMOGRAPHY | Research Methodology | Studies | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Information Processing | Information | Data Adjustment Document Number: 310141 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: Europe's demographic future: determinants, dimensions, and challenges. Author: Coleman D Source: Population and Development Review. 2006;32 Suppl:52-95. Abstract: Europe shares, to a varying degree in different countries, common demographic processes with the rest of the post-transitional world. These are the familiar characteristics of developed societies: fewer babies, longer lives, older populations, diverse households, more immigrants. These trends differ in important ways from those across the Atlantic. In Europe fertility is lower than in the United States despite more pervasive welfare programs in the former. In parts of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union numbers have been heading down, not up. Europe's 40-odd countries are diverse, not unified or even convergent. Current patterns and trends preserve or accentuate demographic diversity and its challenges, despite the influence of the European Union and of the allegedly pervasive effects of "globalization." A brief pause is needed to consider the definition of Europe to be used here. Endless geo-political fun can be had in debating the merits of various cultural, political, racial, and geographical definitions of Europe: who is in, and who is out. For the sake of simplicity Europe will be considered within its traditional geographical boundaries: that is, from Iceland to Russia. Most emphasis will be given to Western Europe, where, in a less crisis-laden atmosphere than further East, it is easier to make demographic generalizations. The temptations offered by institutions such as the Eurovision Song Contest, the Council of Europe, and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe to include more exotic additions to the European population (e.g., Israel, Turkey, Kazakhstan) will be resisted. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | CRITIQUE | POPULATION | DEMOGRAPHY | POPULATION FORECAST | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | DEPENDENCY BURDEN | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | HUMAN CAPITAL | Developed Countries | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Estimation Techniques | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Migration | Fertility | Human Resources Document Number: 305200 |
| 28. Title: The political demography of the world system, 2000-2050. Author: Demeny P; McNicoll G Source: New York, New York, Population Council, 2006. 34 p. (Policy Research Division Working Papers No. 213) Abstract: Population policies are deliberately constructed or modified institutional arrangements and/or specific programs through which governments influence, directly or indirectly, demographic change. For any given country, the aim of population policy may be narrowly construed as bringing about quantitative changes in the membership of the territorially circumscribed population under the government's jurisdiction. Governments' concern with population matters can also extend beyond the borders of their own jurisdictions. Thus, international aspects of population policy have become increasingly salient. Additions to the population are primarily the result of individual decisions concerning childbearing. Within the constraints of their social milieu, these decisions reflect an implicit calculus by parents about the private costs and benefits of children. But neither costs nor benefits of fertility are likely to be fully internal to the family: they can also impose burdens and advantages on others in the society. Such externalities, negative and positive, represent a legitimate concern for all those affected. The essay briefly discusses how individual and collective interests were reconciled in traditional societies, summarizes the population policy approaches adopted by the classic liberal state, and sketches government responses to the low-fertility demographic regime that emerged in the West between the two World Wars. In greater detail it considers international population policies after World War II and contemporary population policy responses to below-replacement fertility. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS | DEMOGRAPHY | POPULATION POLICY | BELOW REPLACEMENT FERTILITY | FERTILITY | WAR | MIGRATION | ECONOMIC FACTORS | DISEASES | AIDS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | Demographic Analysis | Research Methodology | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Population Decrease | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 309677 |
| 29. Title: The demography of Latin America and the Caribbean since 1950. Author: Guzman JM; Rodriguez J; Martinez J; Contreras JM; Gonzalez D Source: Population-E. 2006 Sep-Dec;61(5-6):519-576. Abstract: Behind its apparent uniformity, the region comprising Latin America and the Caribbean is extremely diverse, reflecting a long history of human settlement. The massive inflow of migrants from Europe and Africa during the colonization process contributed substantially to long-term population growth in the region, though the population actually declined at the time of initial contacts between European migrants and the Amerindian civilizations. When the conquistadors first set foot in America, the continent had at least 2,000 indigenous languages and an immense variety of social models, ranging from the most complex and advanced, such as those of the Aztecs, the Mayas and the Incas, to the most simple, such as that of the Amazonian rainforest populations. Today, there are more than 500 indigenous population groups, totalling an estimated 30 to 50 million individuals. These communities are largest in Peru, Mexico, Bolivia and Guatemala. In the latter two countries indigenous people represent more than half the total population. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CARIBBEAN | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHY | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | ADOLESCENTS | POPULATION SIZE | POPULATION GROWTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | NUPTIALITY | ABORTION | LIFE EXPECTANCY | MORTALITY | CAUSES OF DEATH | INFANT MORTALITY | INTERNAL MIGRATION | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Americas | Developing Countries | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Dynamics | Economic Factors | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Length of Life | Migration | Socioeconomic Status Document Number: 308541 Notification |
| 30. Peer Reviewed Title: A demographic perspective on the Muslim world. Author: Jones GW Source: Journal of Population Research. 2006;23(2):243-265. Abstract: A demographic perspective is relevant to understanding the position of Muslims in today's world. This paper examines the size and growth of Muslim populations, and whether most Muslims live in overwhelmingly Muslim countries. It also examines indices of poverty and human development for Muslim-majority countries, and the growth of the youth population; finally, it examines the key components of population growth: mortality and fertility. Mortality has declined sharply over the past 15 years in many Muslim countries, though not in all, and Muslim countries are no longer prominent among the 'outliers' with higher mortality than expected on the basis of their income levels. Fertility rates are also declining sharply in a number of major Muslim-majority countries, raising interesting issues about attitudes of different schools of Islamic jurisprudence, village-level religious leaders and ordinary Muslims towards contraception and abortion, as well as the role of socio-economic development and family planning programs in fertility declines. Despite these declines, past high fertility in many Muslim-majority countries leaves as a legacy a rapidly growing adolescent population and a burgeoning, inadequately educated labour force. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | ISLAM | DEMOGRAPHY | FERTILITY | MORTALITY | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | POVERTY | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ABORTION | JURISPRUDENCE | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Social Sciences | Science | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Family Planning | Socioeconomic Factors | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postconception | Political Factors Document Number: 324061 Notification |
 |
||
 |
Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy |  |