Inmagic CS/WebPublisher PRO found 1280 records

Your search found 1280 record(s).
New Basic Search | New Advanced Search | POPLINE Document Delivery Policy

Subscription may be needed for full text

Peer Reviewed

Title: Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli are not a significant cause of diarrhoea in hospitalised children in Kuwait.
Author: Albert MJ; Rotimi VO; Dhar R; Silpikurian S; Pacsa AS; Molla AM; Szucs G
Source: BMC Microbiology. 2009;9:62.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The importance of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) infections in the Arabian Gulf including Kuwait is not known. The prevalence of DEC (enterotoxigenic [ETEC], enteropathogenic [EPEC], enteroinvasive [EIEC], enterohemorrhagic [EHEC] and enteroaggregative [EAEC]) was studied in 537 children < or = 5 years old hospitalised with acute diarrhoea and 113 matched controls from two hospitals during 2005-07 by PCR assays using E. coli colony pools. RESULTS: The prevalence of DEC varied from 0.75% for EHEC to 8.4% for EPEC (mostly atypical variety) in diarrhoeal children with no significant differences compared to that in control children (P values 0.15 to 1.00). Twenty-seven EPEC isolates studied mostly belonged to non-traditional serotypes and possessed beta and theta intimin subtypes. A total of 54 DEC isolates from diarrhoeal children and 4 from controls studied for antimicrobial susceptibility showed resistance for older antimicrobials, ampicillin (0 to 100%), tetracycline (33 to 100%) and trimethoprim (22.2 to 100%); 43.1% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (resistant to 3 or more agents). Six (10.4%) DEC isolates produced extended spectrum beta-lactamases and possessed genetic elements (blaCTX-M, blaTEM and ISEcp1) associated with them. CONCLUSION: We speculate that the lack of significant association of DEC with diarrhoea in children in Kuwait compared to countries surrounding the Arabian Gulf Region may be attributable to high environmental and food hygiene due to high disposable income in Kuwait.
Language: English
Keywords:
KUWAIT | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | CHILDREN | BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL DISEASES | DIARRHEA | DIARRHEA, INFANTILE | PREVALENCE | ANTIBIOTICS | DRUG RESISTANCE | Middle East | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Infections | Diseases | Measurement | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 341689

Title: Oral Contraceptives: A Risk Factor for Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Author: Applebaum KM; Nelson HH; Zens MS; Stukel TA; Spencer SK; Karagas MR
Source: Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2009 Jun 25;
Abstract: Oral contraceptives (OCs) affect the risk of several cancers in women, but have been virtually unstudied for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We examined the hypothesis that OCs influence SCC risk in a case-control study among women and also examined whether polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene, Xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD), modified the risk. Incident cases of SCC were identified by a network of dermatologists and pathology laboratories. Population-based controls were frequency matched to cases by age and gender (n=261 SCC cases, 298 controls). Overall, OC use was associated with a 60% higher risk of SCC (odds ratio (OR), 1.6; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.0-2.5). ORs for SCC were higher among those who last used OCs >/=25 years before diagnosis (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2-3.7), and among these women, SCC risk increased with duration of use (OR for /=7 years, 2.7; 95% CI: 0.9-8.5, P(trend)=0.01). Furthermore, the XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism was a significant modifier of the OC-SCC association (P(interaction)=0.03). These findings lead us to hypothesize a potential relationship between OCs and SCC risk, and that this could involve DNA repair pathways.Journal of Investigative Dermatology advance online publication, 25 June 2009; doi:10.1038/jid.2009.168.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW HAMPSHIRE | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | RISK FACTORS | CANCER | DERMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS | ESTROGENS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents | Health | Neoplasms | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | Hormones | Endocrine System
Document Number: 341751

Title: Human papillomavirus typing and soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in female sex workers with a negative cervical smear result.
Author: Arioz DT; Altindis M; Tokyol C; Kalayci R; Saylan A; Yilmazer M
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 May 20;
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels in female sex workers with a negative cervical smear result, and to determine the effectiveness of using sIL-2R levels to screen for high-risk strains of HPV. METHOD: A negative cervical smear result and a blood sample were obtained from 68 women: 43 female sex workers and 25 women acting as controls. HPV DNA genotyping was performed and sIL-2R levels were assessed. RESULTS: Female sex workers had significantly higher sIL-2R levels than women in the control group (318.37+/-239.7 vs 114.4+/-56.5 U/mL, respectively P<0.001). In addition, female sex workers with high-risk strains of HPV had significantly higher sIL-2R levels than those who did not have high-risk strains of HPV (736.7+/-251.5 vs 250.5+/-156.1 U/mL, respectively; P=0.001). CONCLUSION: High sIL-2R levels may be useful in screening for high-risk strains of HPV in female sex workers who have a negative cervical smear result.
Language: English
Keywords:
TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | SEX WORKERS | HPV | CERVICAL CANCER | RISK FACTORS | CYTOLOGIC EFFECTS | SCREENING | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Cancer | Neoplasms | Health | Physiology | Biology | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care
Document Number: 341451

Peer Reviewed

Title: Bone mineral density in young women aged 19-24 after 4-5 years of exclusive and mixed use of hormonal contraception.
Author: Beksinska ME; Kleinschmidt I; Smit JA; Farley TM; Rees HV
Source: Contraception. 2009 Aug;80(2):128-32.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) and low-dose combined oral contraceptives (COCs) has been associated with loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents. However, the effect of using a combination of these methods over time in this age group is limited. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate BMD in young women (aged 19-24 years) with a history of mixed hormonal contraceptive use. STUDY DESIGN: BMD was measured at the spine, hip and femoral neck using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Women were classified into three groups: (1) injectable users (DMPA, NET-EN or both) (n=40), (2) mixed COC and injectable users (n=13) and (3) non-user control (n=41). RESULTS: Women in the injectables-only user group were found to have lower BMDs compared to the non-user group at all three sites, and there was evidence of a difference in BMD between these two groups at the spine after adjusting for body mass index (p=.042), hip (p=.025) and femoral neck (p=.023). The mixed COC/injectable user group BMD values were lower than those for controls; however, there was no evidence of a significant difference between this group and the non-user group at any of the three sites. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that BMD is lower in long-term injectable users but not when women have mixed injectable and COC use.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | YOUTH | INJECTABLES | DEPO-PROVERA | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | SKELETAL EFFECTS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Oral Contraceptives | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 342307

Peer Reviewed

Title: HIV infection, malnutrition, and invasive bacterial infection among children with severe malaria.
Author: Berkley JA; Bejon P; Mwangi T; Gwer S; Maitland K; Williams TN; Mohammed S; Osier F; Kinyanjui S; Fegan G; Lowe BS; English M; Peshu N; Marsh K; Newton CR
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2009 Aug 1;49(3):336-43.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, malnutrition, and invasive bacterial infection (IBI) are reported among children with severe malaria. However, it is unclear whether their cooccurrence with falciparum parasitization and severe disease happens by chance or by association among children in areas where malaria is endemic. METHODS: We examined 3068 consecutive children admitted to a Kenyan district hospital with clinical features of severe malaria and 592 control subjects from the community. We performed multivariable regression analysis, with each case weighted for its probability of being due to falciparum malaria, using estimates of the fraction of severe disease attributable to malaria at different parasite densities derived from cross-sectional parasitological surveys of healthy children from the same community. RESULTS: HIV infection was present in 133 (12%) of 1071 consecutive parasitemic admitted children (95% confidence interval [CI], 11%-15%). Parasite densities were higher in HIV-infected children. The odds ratio for admission associated with HIV infection for admission with true severe falciparum malaria was 9.6 (95% CI, 4.9-19); however, this effect was restricted to children aged 1 year. Malnutrition was present in 507 (25%) of 2048 consecutive parasitemic admitted children (95% CI, 23%-27%). The odd ratio associated with malnutrition for admission with true severe falciparum malaria was 4.0 (95% CI, 2.9-5.5). IBI was detected in 127 (6%) of 2048 consecutive parasitemic admitted children (95% CI, 5.2%-7.3%). All 3 comorbidities were associated with increased case fatality. CONCLUSIONS: HIV, malnutrition and IBI are biologically associated with severe disease due to falciparum malaria rather than being simply alternative diagnoses in co-incidentally parasitized children in an endemic area.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | CHILDREN | MALARIA | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | HIV INFECTIONS | MALNUTRITION | BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL DISEASES | CASE FATALITY RATE | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Nutrition Disorders | Infections | Death Rate | Mortality | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 342633

7.
Title: Increased risk for severe malaria in HIV-1-infected adults, Zambia.
Author: Chalwe V; Van geertruyden JP; Mukwamataba D; Menten J; Kamalamba J; Mulenga M; D'Alessandro U
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2009 May;15(5):749; quiz 858.
Abstract: To determine whether HIV-1 infection and HIV-1-related immunosuppression were risk factors for severe malaria in adults with some immunity to malaria, we conducted a case-control study in Luanshya, Zambia, during December 2005-March 2007. For each case-patient with severe malaria, we selected 2 matched controls (an adult with uncomplicated malaria and an adult without signs of disease). HIV-1 infection was present in 93% of case-patients, in 52% of controls with uncomplicated malaria, and in 45% of asymptomatic controls. HIV-1 infection was a highly significant risk factor for adults with severe malaria compared with controls with uncomplicated malaria (odds ratio [OR] 12.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0-78.8, p = 0.0005) and asymptomatic controls (OR 16.6, 95% CI 2.5-111.5, p = 0.0005). Persons with severe malaria were more likely to have a CD4 count <350/microL than were asymptomatic controls (OR 23.0, 95% CI 3.35-158.00, p<0.0001).
Language: English
Keywords:
ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | CLIENTS | ADULTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS | MALARIA | RISK FACTORS | ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Immunity | Immune System | Physiology | Biology | Parasitic Diseases | Health
Document Number: 341944

Peer Reviewed

Title: High-risk status of HIV-1 infection in the very low epidemic country, Mongolia, 2007.
Author: Davaalkham J; Unenchimeg P; Baigalmaa Ch; Oyunbileg B; Tsuchiya K; Hachiya A; Gatanaga H; Nyamkhuu D; Oka S
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Jun;20(6):391-4.
Abstract: Thirty-six HIV-1 cases had been reported by December 2007 in Mongolia. Therefore, Mongolia has been regarded as a very low HIV-1 epidemic country, although the surveillance system is not fully developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk status of HIV-1 infection in Mongolia. A total of 1415 blood samples from high-risk populations including female sex workers, men who have sex with men, mobile men, tuberculosis patients and male sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic clients and 1050 samples from healthy controls were collected. The seroprevalences of anti-HIV-1/2, anti-Treponema pallidum, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag), anti-hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B surface antibody in the high-risk populations were 0%, 23.1%, 15.5%, 8.0% and 48.2%, and those in the controls were 0%, 3.1%, 14.7%, 4.4% and 44.4%, respectively. HIV-1 prevalence is currently low. However, according to the high prevalence of STIs in the high-risk populations, the risk status for HIV-1 infection is estimated to be high.
Language: English
Keywords:
MONGOLIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | SEX WORKERS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | MIGRANT WORKERS | CLIENTS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | TUBERCULOSIS | RISK FACTORS | HIV INFECTIONS | HEPATITIS | PREVALENCE | Developing Countries | Asia, Northern | Asia | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Health | Viral Diseases | Measurement
Document Number: 342444

Peer Reviewed

Title: Effects of oral contraception with ethinylestradiol and drospirenone on oxidative stress in women 18-35 years old.
Author: De Groote D; d'Hauterive SP; Pintiaux A; Balteau B; Gerday C; Claesen J; Foidart JM
Source: Contraception. 2009 Aug;80(2):187-93.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral contraceptives (OCs) with estrogens and progestins may affect oxidative stress (OS) status. STUDY DESIGN: A group of 32 women using oral contraceptives (OCU) containing 0.03 mg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone have been compared to a matched control group of 30 noncontraception users (NCU). Blood levels of antioxidants, trace elements and markers of lipid peroxidation were assessed by biochemical methods. A microarray analysis of whole blood mRNA levels of 200 genes involved in OS-dependant pathway was also performed. RESULTS: Levels of zinc, vitamin E and antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) were not significantly different between the two groups. On the other hand, significant increases in the mean levels of lipid peroxides (+176%, p<.001), oxidized LDLs (+145%, p<.002), copper (+103%, p<.001), Cu/Zn ratio (+100%, p<.001) and a significant decrease in the mean level of beta-carotene (-41%, p<.01) were observed in the OCU compared to NCU. There was a highly significant positive correlation between the lipid peroxide levels and the copper-to-zinc ratio. From the 200 genes tested by microarray, one coding for HSP70 was significantly up-regulated (log(2) fold change=+ 0.45, p<.02) and one coding for inducible nitric oxide synthase significantly down-regulated (log(2) fold change=-0.24, p<.05) in the OCU compared to the NCU. CONCLUSIONS: The recently introduced combination of ethinylestradiol and drospirenone induced the heightening of lipid peroxidation correlated with high levels of copper, a situation that could be associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
Language: English
Keywords:
BELGIUM | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | LOW-DOSE PROGESTINS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, SIDE EFFECTS | METABOLIC EFFECTS | CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS | SERUM COPPER LEVEL | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Public Health | Health | Physiology | Biology | Hemic System
Document Number: 342303

10.

Peer Reviewed

Title: A feeding education program to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Haiti.
Author: Deschamps MM; Devieux JG; Theodore H; Saint-Jean G; Antillus L; Cadot I; Pape JW; Malow RM
Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Mar;21(3):349-54.
Abstract: In Haiti, as in most of the developing world, vertical transmission of HIV from infected mother to infant through postpartum breastfeeding remains a significant mode of transmission. As part of their prevention of mother-to-child transmission program, the Groupe Haitien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes (GHESKIO) Centers developed a feeding education program in which over 83% of the HIV-positive pregnant women who were eligible to participate, enrolled. Bivariate and adjusted multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to compare feeding choices of the 290 women who participated in the feeding education program to 58 who did not. Of those who participated, 91.7% chose to use replacement formulas for their newborns, while 75.9% of those who did not participate chose replacement feeding. After adjustment for socio-demographic variables, analyses revealed that the no education group was less likely to adopt replacement feeding and more likely to use mixed feeding (OR=0.31, p=0.004; and OR=2.74, p=0.05, respectively). This suggests that a targeted and culturally appropriate education program can be effective in encouraging replacement feeding, even in those countries where breastfeeding is the norm.
Language: English
Keywords:
HAITI | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | PREGNANT WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | HEALTH EDUCATION | BREASTFEEDING, EXCLUSIVE | WEANING | SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Education | Breastfeeding | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | HIV
Document Number: 341855

11.
Peer Reviewed

Title: High early mortality in patients with chronic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diarrhea initiating antiretroviral therapy in Haiti: a case-control study.
Author: Dillingham RA; Pinkerton R; Leger P; Severe P; Guerrant RL; Pape JW; Fitzgerald DW
Source: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2009 Jun;80(6):1060-4.
Abstract: This case-control study examines whether chronic diarrhea at initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) affects survival of human immunodefiency virus-infected patients. Cases (288) were treatment-naive, non-pregnant, adults with self report of frequent loose stool for > 3 weeks at the time ART was initiated. One-third of patients had an enteric pathogen identified including Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Entamoeba histolytica. Control patients (400) did not have diarrhea when initiating ART. At six weeks, mortality was 10% in the patients with diarrhea and 5% in the patients without diarrhea (P = 0.009). Chronic diarrhea in patients requesting ART in Haiti is associated with increased early mortality.
Language: English
Keywords:
HAITI | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | CLIENTS | ADULTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | DIARRHEA | GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS | ANTIBIOTICS | MORTALITY | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Physiology | Biology | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 341760

12.

13.

Title: Oral contraceptives and postmenopausal hormones and risk of contralateral breast cancer among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and noncarriers: the WECARE Study.
Author: Figueiredo JC; Haile RW; Bernstein L; Malone KE; Largent J; Langholz B; Lynch CF; Bertelsen L; Capanu M; Concannon P; Borg A; Borresen-Dale AL; Diep A; Teraoka S; Torngren T; Xue S; Bernstein JL
Source: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 2009 Jul 14;
Abstract: The potential effects of oral contraceptive (OC) and postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use are not well understood among BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) deleterious mutation carriers with a history of breast cancer. We investigated the association between OC and PMH use and risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) in the WECARE (Women's Environment, Cancer, and Radiation Epidemiology) Study. The WECARE Study is a population-based case-control study of 705 women with asynchronous CBC and 1,398 women with unilateral breast cancer, including 181 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Risk-factor information was assessed by telephone interview. Mutation status was measured using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography followed by direct sequencing in all participants. Outcomes, treatment, and tumor characteristics were abstracted from medical records. Ever use of OCs was not associated with risk among noncarriers (RR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.66-1.15) or BRCA2 carriers (RR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.21-3.13). BRCA1 carriers who used OCs had a nonsignificant greater risk than nonusers (RR = 2.38; 95% CI = 0.72-7.83). Total duration of OC use and at least 5 years of use before age 30 were associated with a nonsignificant increased risk among mutation carriers but not among noncarriers. Few women had ever used PMH and we found no significant associations between lifetime use and CBC risk among carriers and noncarriers. In conclusion, the association between OC/PMH use and risk of CBC does not differ significantly between carriers and noncarriers; however, because carriers have a higher baseline risk of second primaries, even a potential small increase in risk as a result of OC use may be clinically relevant.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | BREAST CANCER | RISK FACTORS | GENETICS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY | AGE FACTORS | TIME FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Health | Biology | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Population Characteristics | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 342125

14.

Title: Effect of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) on bone mineral density in women of reproductive age
Author: Gai L; Zhang JL; Zhang HZ; Gai P; Liu YH
Source: Journal of Reproduction and Contraception. 2009 Mar;20(1):51-56.
Abstract: Objective To compare bone mineral density (BMD) between users of intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and nonhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 68 women aged between 25 and 40 years using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for 24 months and 59 women aged between 25 and 40 years using nonhormonal contraception as control subjects. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were obtained using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results At 24 months of treatment, as compared with baseline, the mean BMD in lumbar spine and femoral neck was decreased by 5.5% and 5.9%, respectively. Lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in women who used DMPA were significantly decreased compared with the subjects in nonuser (P<0.001). Conclusion These results show BMD declined during using DMPA in women aged 25-40 years old.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | DEPO-PROVERA | REPRODUCTIVE AGE | SKELETAL EFFECTS | OSTEOPOROSIS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Reproduction | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 341511

15.

Title: Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk in India: a multicenter case-control study.
Author: Gajalakshmi V; Mathew A; Brennan P; Rajan B; Kanimozhi VC; Mathews A; Mathew BS; Boffetta P
Source: International Journal of Cancer. 2009 Aug 1;125(3):662-5.
Abstract: Breast cancer incidence is low in India compared with high-income countries, but it has increased in recent decades, particularly among urban women. The reasons for this pattern are not known although they are likely related to reproductive and lifestyle factors. Here, we report the results of a large case-control study on the association between breastfeeding and breast cancer risk. The study was conducted in 2 areas in South India during 2002-2005 and included 1,866 cases and 1,873 controls. Detailed information regarding menstruation, reproduction, breastfeeding and physical activity was collected through in-person interview. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression models. Breastfeeding for long duration was common in the study population. Lifetime duration of breastfeeding was inversely associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women (p-value of linear trend, 0.02). No such protective effect was observed in postmenopausal women, among whom a protective effect of parity was suggested. A reduction of breast cancer risk with prolonged breastfeeding was shown among premenopausal women. Health campaign focusing on breastfeeding behavior by appropriately educating women would contribute to reduce breast cancer burden.
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | BREAST CANCER | RISK FACTORS | BREASTFEEDING | TIME FACTORS | MENOPAUSE | PARITY | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Health | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Population Dynamics | Reproduction | Fertility Measurements | Fertility
Document Number: 342166

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Prevention of tamoxifen induced endometrial polyps using a levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system long-term follow-up of a randomised control trial.
Author: Gardner FJ; Konje JC; Bell SC; Abrams KR; Brown LJ; Taylor DJ; Habiba M
Source: Gynecologic Oncology. 2009 Sep;114(3):452-6.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: In a RCT, we have previously shown that the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS, Mirena) produces a decidual response protecting the endometrium at one year follow-up. We here report on the long-term follow-up of this group of women, to test the hypothesis that a LNG-IUS could prevent the pro-proliferative uterine responses of tamoxifen for up to 4.5 years. METHODS: A randomised-controlled trial of postmenopausal women who had taken at least one year of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-two women were recruited. Nine were found to be ineligible after randomisation. The average duration of follow-up was 26.25 months (IQR 14.5-36 months) in the surveillance group and 24.2 months (IQR 13.75-32.5 months) in the LNG-IUS group. Women with LNG-IUS in situ at the time of final assessment had decidualised endometrium, and no polyps. In the surveillance group new polyps arose in 8 cases. There were 3 new polyps in the group initially randomised to LNG-IUS, one in a patient who did not have the device inserted and 2 occurred in patients following the removal of the LNG-IUS. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression models identified only endometrial thickness at trial entry as a statistically significant variable (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.22, p=0.01) for the development of polyps. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that LNG-IUS induces benign endometrial changes and prevents endometrial polyps but only during its use in women taking tamoxifen. Endometrial thickness is a risk factor for the development of polyps.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | CLIENTS | BREAST CANCER | TAMOXIFEN | ENDOMETRIAL EFFECTS | IUD, HORMONE RELEASING | LEVONORGESTREL | HYSTEROSCOPY | ULTRASONICS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Fertility Agents | Reproductive Control Agents | Family Planning | Endometrium | Uterus | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 342402

17.

Title: Laryngeal aerodynamics associated with oral contraceptive use: Preliminary findings.
Author: Gorham-Rowan M; Fowler L
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders. 2009 May 21;
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine possible differences in laryngeal aerodynamic measures during connected speech associated with oral contraceptive (OC) use. Eight women taking an OC, and eight others not taking an OC, participated in the study. Three trials of syllable /p/repetitions were obtained using a circumferentially vented face mask and small translabial tube. All participants were recorded on or near days 7 and 14 of their menstrual cycle. Subglottal pressure (P(SG)) and average airflow rates were obtained to determine laryngeal airway resistance. Glottal airflow measures of peak flow, minimum flow, alternating flow, as well as relative sound level (RSL) were obtained. P(SG) was obtained from the pressure peak associated with/p/. All airflow parameters and RSL were obtained from the vowel portion. No significant differences were found related to day of recording or OC use, indicating that OC use does not significantly affect laryngeal airflow regulation. LEARNING OUTCOMES: The reader will better understand the effects of hormones and oral contraceptives on the female voice, as well as the specific changes in vocal function that may occur in conjunction with the use of oral contraceptives.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | MENSTRUAL CYCLE | ESTROGENS | PROGESTERONE | ORAL EFFECTS | EDEMA | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents | Menstruation | Reproduction | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Progestational Hormones | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases
Document Number: 341750

18.

Title: Bone Accretion in Adolescents Using the Combined Estrogen and Progestin Transdermal Contraceptive Method Ortho Evra: A Pilot Study.
Author: Harel Z; Riggs S; Vaz R; Flanagan P; Harel D; Machan JT
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2009 Jul 30;
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To date, there are no data regarding the effect of the transdermal combined estrogen and progestin contraceptive Ortho Evra on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). We examined the effects of transdermally delivered ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin on whole body (WB) BMC and BMD of the hip and lumbar spine (LS) of adolescent girls. METHODS: In a matched case-control study, girls (n=5) who applied Ortho Evra for days 1-21 followed by days 22-28 free of medication for 13 cycles (about 12 months) were compared with 5 age- and ethnicity-matched control girls. Evaluations of calcium intake; bone-protective physical activity; bone densitometry (DXA, QDR 4500A, Hologic); bone formation markers serum osteocalcin (OC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP); bone resorption marker urinary N-telopeptide (uNTX); insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1); and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were carried out at initiation, 6 months, and 12 months. Changes from baseline were compared using mixed models, adjusting for follow-up comparisons using the Holm Test (sequential Bonferroni). RESULTS: There were no significant differences (SD) between groups at baseline in age, gynecologic age, WBBMC, hip BMD, and LSBMD. Girls on Ortho Evra did not change significantly in WBBMC (12-month mean increase 0.2% +/- 0.8%), whereas controls did (3.9% +/- 1.8%, P Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RHODE ISLAND | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, ESTROGEN | LOW-DOSE PROGESTINS | BIODEGRADABLE DELIVERY SYSTEMS | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | SKELETAL EFFECTS | BODY WEIGHT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Methods | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 342419

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The risk of unintended pregnancies in users of the contraceptive patch compared to users of oral contraceptives in the UK General Practice Research Database.
Author: Jick SS; Hagberg KW; Kaye JA; Jick H
Source: Contraception. 2009 Aug;80(2):142-51.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The transdermal contraceptive patch EVRA has been marketed since 2002 as an alternative to oral contraceptives (OCs), but large follow-up studies of effectiveness are lacking. STUDY DESIGN: We used a cohort plus a nested case-control study to estimate rates and hazard ratios of unintended pregnancy among users of different hormonal contraceptives (HC) and to evaluate the effects of various potential predictors on unintended pregnancy. RESULTS: Rates of unintended pregnancy were all low (overall rate 0.17 per 100 women-years), though they were slightly higher in users of progestogen-only OCs and EVRA compared to users of second-generation OCs. The hazard ratios for unintended pregnancy were also higher for users of progestogen-only OCs and the patch compared to users of second-generation OCs, although these estimates may be confounded by compliance. Rates of unintended pregnancy were inversely associated with age and duration of HC use as well as with other predictors of pregnancy but not body mass index or use of antibiotics. CONCLUSION: The rates of unintended pregnancy were low for all study HCs, and while the data on unintended pregnancy in EVRA users compared to OC users are sufficient to rule out major differences in the rate of unintended pregnancy, they are not sufficient to rule out modest ones.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | QUESTIONNAIRES | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information
Document Number: 342306

20.
Title: Studies of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) for HIV-1-discordant couples using washed sperm and the nested PCR method: a comparison of the pregnancy rates in HIV-1-discordant couples and control couples.
Author: Kashima K; Takakuwa K; Suzuki M; Makino M; Kaneko S; Kato S; Hanabusa H; Tanaka K
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2009 May;62(3):173-6.
Abstract: In this study, the efficacy and safety of assisted reproduction techniques with the sperm-washing method and nested PCR assay were evaluated in HIV-1-discordant couples, as many HIV-1-positive people of reproductive age are getting married and wish to have children safely. Twenty-seven HIV-1-discordant couples (husband, positive; wife, negative) were enrolled in this study. The spermatozoa were separated from semen samples by density gradient centrifugation and the swim-up method. HIV-1 RNA and proviral DNA were checked using nested PCR with a detection limit of one copy before fertilization and before embryo transfer. Clinical outcomes were compared with those of matched control couples. Thirty-eight cycles of in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection were performed in HIV-1-discordant couples, where the pregnancy rates per embryo transfer and per couple were 60.6 and 63.0%, respectively. These rates were significantly higher than those in control couples (P<0.05). Furthermore, all of the females and babies remained HIV-1 negative throughout the study period. Our data strongly suggest that this technique will allow HIV-1-discordant couples to conceive more safely and effectively.
Language: English
Keywords:
JAPAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | COUPLES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES | SAFETY | HIV INFECTIONS | SPERMATOZOA | SEMEN | EMBRYO TRANSFER | IN VITRO | PREGNANCY RATE | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproduction | Public Health | Health | Germ Cells | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Seminal Vesicles | Genitalia, Male | Clinical Research | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 342657

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The effect of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device on menorrhagia in women taking anticoagulant medication after cardiac valve replacement.
Author: Kilic S; Yuksel B; Doganay M; Bardakci H; Akinsu F; Uzunlar O; Mollamahutoglu L
Source: Contraception. 2009 Aug;80(2):152-7.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (LNG-IUDs) on menorrhagia in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy after cardiac valve replacement. STUDY DESIGN: Forty women with menorrhagia who underwent cardiac valve replacement and were taking anticoagulant medication were enrolled in the study. The women were randomly divided into two groups: LNG-IUDs were inserted into 20 women in Group 1 over the first 3 days of menstrual bleeding, while the women in Group 2 were followed without any intervention. The activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, hematocrit level, hemoglobin level, ferritin level and pictorial bleeding assessments for the quantity of menstrual bleeding were recorded. RESULTS: Three months after insertion of LNG-IUDs, the women in Group 1 had a significant decrease in blood loss and higher hemoglobin, hematocrit and ferritin values. No difference was detected for these parameters in the control group at the third and sixth months of the study. Coagulation parameters did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION: LNG-IUDs can be considered as an effective non-surgical treatment for menorrhagia in women receiving anticoagulant therapy after cardiac valve replacement.
Language: English
Keywords:
TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | CLIENTS | IUD, HORMONE RELEASING | LEVONORGESTREL | MENORRHAGIA | CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS | POSTOPERATIVE PROCEDURES | DRUGS | BLOOD COAGULATION EFFECTS | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Menstruation Disorders | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Hematological Effects | Hemic System
Document Number: 342392

22.

Title: Influencing risk behavior of sexually transmitted infection clinic visitors: efficacy of a new methodology of motivational preventive counseling.
Author: Kuyper L; de Wit J; Heijman T; Fennema H; van Bergen J; Vanwesenbeeck I
Source: AIDS Patient Care and STDs. 2009 Jun;23(6):423-31.
Abstract: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at a Dutch sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic to compare the effects of educational counseling and motivational interviewing (MI)-based HIV/STI counseling on determinants of condom use and partner notification at 6-month follow-up. It also examined the feasibility of MI-based counseling in a busy real-life clinic. The counseling approaches were historically compared: respondents in the control condition were recruited between April and July 2005, those in the experimental condition between September and December 2005. The study involved 428 participants. These were all high-risk clients of the STI clinic. Their mean age was 33.7 years, and 39.6% were female. The study showed that MI-based counseling had a more positive effect on self-efficacy, intentions to use condoms with casual partners, and long-term condom use with steady partners. It had no adversarial outcomes on other social cognitions or behaviors compared to educational counseling. Furthermore, MI-based counseling is experienced as a more respectful and structured way of counseling. MI-based counseling was relatively easily implemented into the current clinic procedures. In addition to the implementation of the training, neither specialized staff nor additional or longer client visits were needed. However, some nurses indicated that the new method required more personal investment and effort. Limitations of the current study are the low response rates, the high educational level of most participants, and the small sample size regarding partner notification. Nonetheless, we conclude that MI-based counseling was a more effective approach to preventive counseling compared to educational counseling and feasible in the busy real-life setting.
Language: English
Keywords:
NETHERLANDS | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | CLIENTS | NURSES AND NURSING | COUNSELING | SAFER SEX | HIV PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CONDOM USE | HEALTH EDUCATION | MOTIVATION | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Clinic Activities | Sex Behavior | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Risk Reduction Behavior | Education | Psychological Factors | Interpersonal Relations
Document Number: 342409

23.

Title: Gender, intimacy, and risky sex: a terror management account.
Author: Lam SR; Morrison KR; Smeesters D
Source: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2009 Aug;35(8):1046-56.
Abstract: Three studies tested whether mortality salience would lead men to be more sexually risky than women. In Study 1, men reported greater intentions to engage in risky sexual behaviors than did women after a mortality prime, but not after a control prime. In Study 2, men desired more future sexual partners and had a lower need for intimacy than did women, but again, only when mortality was salient. Furthermore, need for romantic intimacy mediated the relationship between mortality salience, gender, and desired number of future partners. Using a behavioral rather than a self-reported dependent measure, Study 3 showed that men primed with mortality were less likely than women to select a package of condoms (versus a pen) as a free gift after the experiment. Implications for gender differences in responses to mortality salience, as well as for how to design effective safe-sex interventions, are discussed.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | STUDENTS | MORTALITY | SELF ESTEEM | SELF-PERCEPTION | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | MOTIVATION | SEX FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Education | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Perception | Population Characteristics
Document Number: 342853

24.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Oral contraception usage in relation to bone mineral density and bone turnover in adolescent girls.
Author: Lattakova M; Borovsky M; Payer J; Killinger Z
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Jun;14(3):207-14.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of a low-dose oral contraceptive (OC) containing 30 microg ethinyloestradiol (EE) with that of an ultra-low-dose OC containing 15 microg EE on bone turnover and BMD in healthy adolescent women and, in addition, to ascertain the influence of body mass index (BMI) and exercise on these indices of bone metabolism. METHODS: We recruited to the study 92 healthy girls aged between 16 and 19. They were divided into three groups. Participants in the first two groups used an OC with either 15 or 30 microg ethinyloestradiol (EE), whereas those in the third group used no hormonal contraception. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers were measured before and after 12 months of treatment. RESULTS: The BMD values of the total hip in females using the OC containing 30 microg EE was 0.912 g/cm(2) at baseline and 0.918 g/cm(2) after one year; in females using the OC containing 15 microg EE the corresponding values were 0.888 g/cm(2) and 0.895 g/cm(2) whereas in females who used no contraception BMD values were 0.942 g/cm(2) and 0.949 g/cm(2), respectively. The changes were statistically insignificant. Levels of osteocalcin and CTX had decreased after one year in all groups, but not statistically significantly so. CONCLUSION: Low dose and ultra-low dose oral contraceptives did not significantly differ in their effects on bone mineral density or bone turnover markers in adolescent girls aged 16-19.
Language: English
Keywords:
SLOVAKIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, LOW-DOSE | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | SKELETAL EFFECTS | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | BODY WEIGHT | FITNESS | Developing Countries | Europe, Central | Europe | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Physiology | Biology | Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents
Document Number: 341800

25.

Title: Oral contraceptives containing drospirenone for premenstrual syndrome.
Author: Lopez LM; Kaptein AA; Helmerhorst FM
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009;(2):CD006586.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common problem. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of PMS. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs), which have both progestin and estrogen, have been examined for their ability to relieve premenstrual symptoms. A COC containing drospirenone and low estrogen has been approved for treating PMDD in women who choose COCs for contraception. OBJECTIVES: To review all randomized controlled trials comparing combined oral contraceptives containing drospirenone versus a placebo or another COC for effect on premenstrual symptoms. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the computerized databases MEDLINE, POPLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, PsycINFO, and CINAHL for studies of drospirenone and premenstrual syndrome. We also examined references lists of relevant articles, and wrote to known investigators to find other trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials in any language that compared a COC containing drospirenone versus a placebo or another COC for effect on premenstrual symptoms. Primary outcome was the prospective recording of premenstrual symptoms (affective and physical). Adverse events related to COC use were examined. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently abstracted data and assessed study quality. MAIN RESULTS: We included five trials with a total of 1600 women. Two placebo-controlled trials of women with PMDD showed less severe premenstrual symptoms after three months with drospirenone (plus ethinyl estradiol (EE) 20g) than with the placebo (WMD -7.83; 95% CI -10.91 to -4.75). The drospirenone group had greater decreases in impairment of productivity (WMD -0.42; 95% CI -0.64 to -0.20), social activities (WMD -0.39; 95% CI -0.62 to -0.15), and relationships (WMD -0.38; 95% CI -0.61 to -0.51). Side effects more common with COC use were nausea, intermenstrual bleeding, and breast pain. Little effect was found on less severe symptoms when comparing drospirenone plus more estrogen to another COC. A six-monthstudy showed fewer symptoms with drospirenone, while a two-year trial found the groups to be similar. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Drospirenone plus EE 20 mug may help treat premenstrual symptoms in women with PMDD. The placebo also had a large effect. We do not know whether the COC works after three cycles, for women with less severe symptoms, or better than other COCs. Larger and longer trials of higher quality are needed to address these issues. Trials should follow CONSORT reporting guidelines.
Language: English
Keywords:
LITERATURE REVIEW | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, ESTROGEN | PREMENSTRUAL TENSION | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, PROGESTIN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, SIDE EFFECTS | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Menstruation Disorders | Diseases | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Public Health | Health
Document Number: 330971

26.
Title: A randomized controlled trial of a low-dose combined oral contraceptive containing 3 mg drospirenone plus 20 microg ethinylestradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris: lesion counts, investigator ratings and subject self-assessment.
Author: Maloney JM; Dietze P Jr; Watson D; Niknian M; Lee-Rugh S; Sampson-Landers C; Korner P
Source: Journal of Drugs In Dermatology. 2009 Sep;8(9):837-44.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of a combined oral contraceptive (COC) containing 3 mg drospirenone (drsp) plus 20 microg ethinylestradiol (EE) administered in 24 days of active treatment followed by a four-day hormone-free interval (24/4 regimen) compared with placebo for the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris. METHODS: Healthy females (14-45 years old) with moderate facial acne were randomized to 3 mg drsp/20 microg EE 24/4 (n = 270) or placebo (n = 268) for six cycles. The secondary efficacy variables measured included change from baseline to endpoint (cycle 6) in individual lesion count for nodules, papules, pustules, open and closed comedones. RESULTS: There were significantly greater reductions in individual lesion counts from baseline to endpoint in the 3 mg drsp/20 microg EE group than in the placebo group (P < 0.05 from parametric model). CONCLUSION: The 3 mg drsp/20 microg EE COC administered in a 24/4 regimen significantly reduced acne lesions.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | CLIENTS | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | LOW-DOSE PROGESTINS | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | ACNE | TREATMENT | DERMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen | Dermatitis | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 342779

27.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Lipodystrophy and metabolic disorders in HIV-1-infected adults on 4- to 9-year antiretroviral therapy in Senegal: a case-control study.
Author: Mercier S; Gueye NF; Cournil A; Fontbonne A; Copin N; Ndiaye I; Dupuy AM; Cames C; Sow PS; Ndoye I; Delaporte E; Simondon KB
Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 Jun 1;51(2):224-30.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess adverse effects of long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), that is, lipodystrophy and metabolic disorders, in a cohort of African patients. METHODS: One hundred eighty HIV-1-infected patients treated with HAART for 4-9 years in Dakar and 180 age-matched and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Regional subcutaneous fat changes were assessed by physicians, and fasting blood samples were drawn. Centralization of body fat was estimated using skinfold ratio, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio (WHR). RESULTS: Mean duration of HAART was 5.4 years. Main drugs received were zidovudine, stavudine, and protease inhibitors. The prevalence of moderate-severe lipodystrophy was 31.1% (95% confidence interval: 24.3 to 37.9), with 13.3%, 14.5%, and 3.3% for lipoatrophy, lipohypertrophy, and mixed forms, respectively. Mild-severe lipodystrophy affected 65.0% (58.0; 72.0) of patients. Stavudine was the only independent risk factor (any vs. none: odds ratio = 2.8; 1.4 to 5.5). Patients had lower body mass index and skinfolds but greater centralization of body fat (WHR, P < 0.0001 and skinfold ratio, P < 0.001), fasting glucose (P < 0.0001), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, and triglyceride levels (P < 0.01 for both) than controls. Moderately-severely lipodystrophic patients had higher triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than other patients (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-severe lipodystrophy affected one third of West African patients on long-term HAART and was associated with a less favorable metabolic profile.
Language: English
Keywords:
SENEGAL | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | ADULTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | SIDE EFFECTS | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | PREVALENCE | LIPIDS | ANTHROPOMETRY | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Physiology | Biology | Measurement
Document Number: 341775

28.

Title: Outcomes for subsequent pregnancy in women who have undergone misoprostol mid-trimester termination of pregnancy.
Author: Mirmilstein V; Rowlands S; King JF
Source: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2009 Apr;49(2):195-7.
Abstract: In Australia, the most common method of mid-trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP) is by medical induction with the prostaglandin E 1 analog misoprostol. This study was undertaken to compare the pregnancy outcomes of women who had undergone a misoprostol mid-trimester TOP in their last pregnancy with those of a similar cohort of women without a history of misoprostol TOP. This study suggests a possibility that medical mid-trimester TOP with misoprostol increases the risk of preterm or very preterm delivery in a subsequent pregnancy but larger studies are needed to confirm or dismiss this.
Language: English
Keywords:
AUSTRALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | ABORTION | MISOPROSTOL | PREMATURE BIRTH | RISK FACTORS | Oceania | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Prostaglandins, Synthetic | Prostaglandins | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Health
Document Number: 342384 Notification

29.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Ovarian cancer risk factors in African-American and white women.
Author: Moorman PG; Palmieri RT; Akushevich L; Berchuck A; Schildkraut JM
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2009 Sep 1;170(5):598-606.
Abstract: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in both African-American and white women. Although prevalences of many ovarian cancer risk factors differ markedly between African Americans and whites, there has been little research on how the relative contributions of risk factors may vary between racial/ethnic groups. Using data from a North Carolina case-control study (1999-2008), the authors conducted unconditional logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for ovarian cancer risk factors in African-American (143 cases, 189 controls) and white (943 cases, 868 controls) women and to test for interactions by race/ethnicity. They also calculated attributable fractions within each racial/ethnic group for the modifiable factors of pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, tubal ligation, and body mass index. Many risk factors showed similar relations across racial/ethnic groups, but tubal ligation and family history of breast or ovarian cancer showed stronger associations among African Americans. Younger age at menarche was associated with risk only in white women. Attributable fractions associated with tubal ligation, oral contraceptive use, and obesity were markedly higher for African Americans. The relative importance of ovarian cancer risk factors may differ for African-American women, but conclusions were limited by the small sample. There is a clear need for further research on etiologic factors for ovarian cancer in African-American women.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH CAROLINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | BLACKS | WHITES | OVARIAN CANCER | RISK FACTORS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | TUBAL LIGATION | OBESITY | BREASTFEEDING | GENETICS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Health | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Female Sterilization | Sterilization, Sexual | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition
Document Number: 342784

30.

Title: Enteric bacterial pathogens in HIV-infected children with acute diarrhea in Mulago referral and teaching hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
Author: Musiime V; Kalyesubula I; Kaddu-Mulindwa D; Byarugaba J
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care. 2009 May-Jun;8(3):185-90.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: HIV-infected children develop severe bacterial infections. We set out to determine the enteric bacterial pathogens in HIV-infected children and HIV-negative controls with acute diarrhea and their antimicrobial sensitivities. METHODS: Children below 5 years of age with acute diarrhea were screened for HIV and their stools were analyzed by culture and use of antisera and the sensitivities of the pathogens were determined using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS: Of the 190 children, 47 were HIV positive. The prevalence rates of the pathogens in HIV-infected and -uninfected children were 19% (9/47) and 27% (38/143), respectively; odds ratio = 0.64 (95% confidence interval 0.20-1.97), P value .396. The pathogens in HIV-infected and -uninfected children were Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella species. Most isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole. CONCLUSIONS: Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella species significantly cause acute diarrhea in HIV-infected and -uninfected children and they are highly resistant to cotrimoxazole.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CHILDREN | DIARRHEA | BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | ANTIBIOTICS | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | DRUG RESISTANCE | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Infections | Measurement | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses
Document Number: 342454


	Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy