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Peer Reviewed

Title: One versus multiple packs for women starting oral contraceptive pills: a comparison of two distribution regimens.
Author: Chin-Quee D; Otterness C; Wedderburn M; McDonald O; Janowitz B
Source: Contraception. 2009 May;79(5):369-74.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite World Health Organization and International Planned Parenthood Federation recommendations to provide multiple pill cycles to new users, many programs in developing countries still give only one pill cycle to new acceptors. STUDY DESIGN: To compare provision of a single versus multiple packs of pills, new pill users in 20 matched public sector clinics in Jamaica were assigned to one of two pill regimens in which they received either one (then subsequently three) or four pill cycles at method initiation. The primary outcome was the proportion of women who used pills beyond 4 months. RESULTS: Among 655 women, those receiving one cycle of pills at initiation, followed by counseling and a three-pack resupply, were no more likely to be using pills after 4 months than women who received four packs at initiation (odds ratio=1.33; 95% confidence interval=0.88-2.0). In both pill regimen groups, returning late to the clinic for resupply was a problem. However, more women in the 1+3-pack regimen group returned late to study clinics to obtain their fifth cycle of pills than their counterparts in the 4-pack regimen group (53% vs. 28%). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the recommendation that pill users should be given more than one cycle to start, because an extra visit for resupply contributes to clinic and provider costs. Moreover, providing more pill cycles at initiation would decrease the likelihood that women experience a gap in pill use between cycles.
Language: English
Keywords:
JAMAICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | PACKAGING | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | TIME FACTORS | COUNSELING | USER COMPLIANCE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | Caribbean | Americas | Developing Countries | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Marketing | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Clinic Activities | Behavior | Contraceptive Usage
Document Number: 330940

Title: Adolescents: contraceptive knowledge and use, a Brazilian study.
Author: Correia DS; Pontes AC; Cavalcante JC; Egito ES; Maia EM
Source: theScientificWorldJournal. 2009;9:37-45.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge and use of contraceptive methods by female adolescent students. The study was cross-sectional and quantitative, using a semi-structured questionnaire that was administered to 12- to 19-year-old female students in Maceio, Brazil. A representative and randomized sample was calculated, taking into account the number of hospital admissions for curettage. This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee, and Epi Info software was used for data and result evaluation using the mean and chi-square statistical test. Our results show that the majority of students know of some contraceptive methods (95.5%), with the barrier/hormonal methods being the most mentioned (72.4%). Abortion and aborting drugs were inaccurately described as contraceptives, and 37.9% of the sexually active girls did not make use of any method. The barrier methods were the most used (35.85%). A significant association was found in the total sample (2,592) between pregnancy and the use of any contraceptive method. This association was not found, however, in the group having an active sexual life (559). The study points to a knowledge of contraceptive methods, especially by teenagers who have already been pregnant, but contraceptives were not adequately used. The low use of chemical methods of contraception brings the risk of pregnancy. Since abortion and aborting drugs were incorrectly cited as contraceptive methods, this implies a nonpreventive attitude towards pregnancy.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | KNOWLEDGE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | ABORTION | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postconception
Document Number: 329595 Notification

Peer Reviewed

Title: Insertion of intrauterine contraceptives immediately following first- and second-trimester abortions.
Author: Drey EA; Reeves MF; Ogawa DD; Sokoloff A; Darney PD; Steinauer JE
Source: Contraception. 2009 May;79(5):397-402.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The study was conducted to assess the continuation and patient satisfaction with intrauterine contraception (IUC) insertion immediately after elective abortion in the first and second trimesters in an urban, public hospital-based clinic. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort of 256 women who elected to have insertion of a copper-T IUC (CuT380a) or a levonorgestrel-releasing IUC (LNG-IUC) were followed postoperatively by phone calls or chart review to evaluate satisfaction and continuation with the method. RESULTS: Of our 256 subjects, 123 had first-trimester abortions and 133 had second-trimester abortions (14 or more weeks). Median time to follow-up was 8 weeks (range 7-544 days). Nineteen discontinuations occurred: eight (6.5%, 95% CI 2.8-12.4%) following first-trimester and 11 (8.3%, 95% CI 4.2-14.3%) following second-trimester abortion (p=.6). Five women reported expulsion; one (0.8%, 95% CI 0.0-4.4%) in the first-trimester group and four (3.0%, 95% CI 0.8-7.5%) in the second-trimester group. (p=.4) Seven infections resulting in discontinuation occurred (2.7%, 95% CI 1.1-5.6%); none were positive for gonorrhea or chlamydia at time of insertion. No perforations occurred. Nearly all (93.8%) of the women were satisfied with IUC. Rates of satisfaction between women after first- and second-trimester abortions were equal. CONCLUSION: In an urban clinic, IUC has high initial continuation and high patient satisfaction when inserted immediately following either first- or second-trimester abortions.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN | URBAN POPULATION | POSTABORTAL PROGRAMS | UTERUS | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | SATISFACTION | IUD, HORMONE RELEASING | LEVONORGESTREL | PREGNANCY, FIRST TRIMESTER | IUD EXPULSION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Family Planning Programs | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Contraceptive Usage | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents
Document Number: 330942

Peer Reviewed

Title: Effectiveness of contraceptive counselling of women following an abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Author: Ferreira AL; Lemos A; Figueiroa JN; de Souza AI
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Feb;14(1):1-9.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of the effectiveness of contraceptive counselling in women undergoing an abortion and its impact on the acceptance and use of contraceptive methods. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing women who had undergone an abortion and received contraceptive counselling at that time met the inclusion criteria. Articles published between 1997 and 2007 were selected from searches of the LILACS, SCIELO, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and the quality of the trial. The internal validity of the RCTs was evaluated by means of the Jadad scale. A meta-analysis of the three retained studies involving 694 women was performed. The Stata 9.2 SE statistical software was used, and a level of significance of 0.05 adopted. RESULTS: There were no differences between intervention and control groups, despite clinical heterogeneity. The results of the meta-analysis were not significant (OR = 1.32; CI: 0.90-1.94). CONCLUSION: There was no evidence indicating that contraceptive counselling is effective in increasing acceptance and use of contraceptive methods after an abortion. This may not apply to developing countries, where the matter still needs to be investigated.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | LITERATURE REVIEW | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | KAP SURVEYS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN | COUNSELING | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | POSTABORTAL PROGRAMS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ACCEPTANCE PROCESS | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Family Planning Programs | Contraception | Decision Making | Behavior
Document Number: 330347

Title: Comparison of Sexual Partnership Characteristics and Associations with Inconsistent Condom Use among a Sample of Adolescents and Adult Women Diagnosed with Chlamydia trachomatis.
Author: Foulkes HB; Pettigrew MM; Livingston KA; Niccolai LM
Source: Journal of Women's Health. 2009;18(3):393-399.
Abstract: Abstract Background: This analysis compared characteristics of female adolescent and adult sexual partnerships and related these characteristics to inconsistent condom use. Methods: Data are from a study of 126 women with prevalent chlamydia infections who reported information about 172 sexual partnerships in the previous 3 months. Characteristics of sexual partnerships included type of partner (main vs. other), duration of sexual relationship (<3 months vs. >/=3 months), partner age difference (<2 years older vs. >/=2 years older), and two scale measures: overlap of social networks (a measure based on how well the participant knew her partner's friends, for example) and intimacy. Results: Compared with adult partnerships, adolescent partnerships were of shorter duration and had less social overlap but were more likely to be classified by the participants as main partnerships. Among adolescents, longer partnership duration was not associated with higher intimacy, yet higher intimacy was significantly correlated with inconsistent condom use. Conclusions: These differences suggest that adolescent females perceive and characterize their sexual relationships differently from adults. This, in turn, may have implications for risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Prevention efforts for adolescents, including interventions and counseling, should consider the nature of their sexual partnerships.
Language: English
Keywords:
CONNECTICUT | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | WOMEN | SOCIAL NETWORKS | CONDOM USE | CHLAMYDIA | AGE FACTORS | TIME FACTORS | PERCEPTION | SEX BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Behavior | Adolescents | Youth | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Population Dynamics | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 330416

Title: Condom use among married women at risk for sexually transmitted infections and HIV in rural China.
Author: Hong H; Qin QR; Li LH; Ji GP; Ye DQ
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Apr 13;
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with condom use among married women in rural China, and provide evidence for implementing education strategies to prevent sexually transmitted infections and HIV. METHODS: A total of 737 sexually active married rural women who were aged between 18 and 49 years and had heard of AIDS were selected by cluster sampling and interviewed in 8 villages of Anhui province, China. RESULTS: The rate of condom use was only 5.4%.There were no significant differences in sexual behavior and condom use between married women whose husbands were away as migrant workers and the wives of nonmigrant men, except in knowledge of free condom sources. Significant factors associated with condom use included age, level of education, knowledge about condoms, training about condoms, sources of condoms, and husbands' attitude toward condoms. CONCLUSIONS: More educational interventions are needed to increase condom knowledge and promotion, especially among less educated women and married women left behind by migrant husbands.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | RURAL POPULATION | CURRENTLY MARRIED | MIGRANT WORKERS | SPOUSE | CONDOM USE | HIV PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | AGE FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Labor Force | Human Resources | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 341460

Peer Reviewed

Title: Contraceptive use in women enrolled into preventive HIV vaccine trials: experience from a phase I/II trial in East Africa.
Author: Kibuuka H; Guwatudde D; Kimutai R; Maganga L; Maboko L; Watyema C; Sawe F; Shaffer D; Matsiko D; Millard M; Michael N; Wabwire-Mangen F; Robb M
Source: PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5164.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: HIV vaccine trials generally require that pregnant women are excluded from participation, and contraceptive methods must be used to prevent pregnancy during the trial. However, access to quality services and misconceptions associated with contraceptive methods may impact on their effective use in developing countries. We describe the pattern of contraceptive use in a multi-site phase I/IIa HIV Vaccine trial in East Africa (Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania) and factors that may have influenced their use during the trial. METHODS: Pregnancy prevention counseling was provided to female participants during informed consent process and at each study visit. Participants' methods of contraception used were documented. Methods of contraceptives were provided on site. Pregnancy testing was done at designated visits during the trial. Obstacles to contraceptive use were identified and addressed at each visit. RESULTS: Overall, 103 (31.8%) of a total of 324 enrolled volunteers were females. Female participants were generally young with a mean age of 29(+/-7.2), married (49.5%) and had less than high school education (62.1%). Hormonal contraceptives were the most common method of contraception (58.3%) followed by condom use (22.3%). The distribution of methods of contraception among the three sites was similar except for more condom use and less abstinence in Uganda. The majority of women (85.4%) reported to contraceptive use prior to screening. The reasons for not using contraception included access to quality services, insufficient knowledge of certain methods, and misconceptions. CONCLUSION: Although hormonal contraceptives were frequently used by females participating in the vaccine trial, misconceptions and their incorrect use might have led to inconsistent use resulting in undesired pregnancies. The study underscores the need for an integrated approach to pregnancy prevention counseling during HIV vaccine trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00123968.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | VACCINES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | HIV PREVENTION | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, FEMALE | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | ABSTINENCE | KNOWLEDGE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Africa | Developing Countries | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraception | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Contraceptive Agents | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Sociocultural Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 330944

Peer Reviewed

Title: A multilevel analysis of condom use among adolescents in the European Union.
Author: Lazarus JV; Moghaddassi M; Godeau E; Ross J; Vignes C; Ostergren PO; Liljestrand J
Source: Public Health. 2009 Feb;123(2):138-144.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined which individual and national factors affect condom use among adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: Multilevel analysis. METHODS: This study reviewed the data on bullying, alcohol use and condom use provided by 18 European countries and subnational entities in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey. Another eight contextual variables were also analysed. Three multilevel logistic regression models were applied consecutively (analysing for crude geographical and school variance in condom use, adjusting for gender and adjusting all variables for one another). RESULTS: Among the 15-year-olds studied, 7.0% of the total variance in condom use was explained by school-related factors (intraschool-level correlation) and 5.8% by national/subnational factors. In the empty model, condom use was significantly associated with gender, alcohol consumption, predominant national religion and national prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In the full model, there was also a significant association with the Human Development Index ranking, gross domestic product, Gini coefficient and the Gender-related Development Index. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that while alcohol, gender, human development level, income, religion and HIV prevalence affect condom use in young Europeans, these factors do not explain all or even most of the variation. Nonetheless, since some of these factors are not traditionally associated with young people's sexual and reproductive health, these findings should enable more nuanced health policy programming.
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPEAN UNION | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | ADOLESCENTS | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | SEX FACTORS | RELIGION | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Aggression | Schools | Education | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement
Document Number: 329662

10.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Emergency contraceptive use among 5677 women seeking abortion in Shanghai, China.
Author: Meng CX; Gemzell-Danielsson K; Stephansson O; Kang JZ; Chen QF; Cheng LN
Source: Human Reproduction. 2009 Apr 9;1(1):1-7.
Abstract: BACKGROUND The increasing use of emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) does not seem to reduce the number of induced abortions as would be expected, indicating that women use ECPs might also be a strong factor affecting their final efficacy. The study aimed to understand the attitude towards, and use of, ECPs among women seeking an abortion. METHODS A cohort study was conducted via face-to-face questionnaire interview among women seeking abortion in Shanghai, China. Logistic regression analysis and chi(2) test were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS The response rate was 99.3%. Among all 5677 respondents aged 15-48 years, 48.8% were ECP ever-users. Compared with ever-users, ECP never-users were less likely to have used contraception during the present cycle of conception (P < 0.001). In response to the question on the main reason for non-use of contraception, ECP never-users were less likely to realize the risk of pregnancy and had less contraceptive knowledge (P < 0.001). Among 2773 ECP ever-users, 72.7% did not use ECPs to prevent the current pregnancy, mainly due to lack of awareness of pregnancy risk. Out of 757 women, 437 (57.7%) repeated unprotected sex after taking ECPs during the current pregnant cycle. A pharmacy was the preferred source to access ECPs, for the reason of convenience. CONCLUSIONS Non-use of ECPs was correlated to less knowledge on fertility and a lower rate of contraceptive use among abortion-seeking women. Women of reproductive age should have access to ECPs and receive sufficient information on their use. Health care providers and pharmacists should also be trained in contraceptive counselling, including ECPs.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | KAP SURVEYS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ABORTION | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | ATTITUDES | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | RISK ASSESSMENT | PERCEPTION | CONDOM USE | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Contraception | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraceptive Usage | Evaluation | Risk Reduction Behavior | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331002 Notification

11.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Trends in family planning in Russia, 1994-2003.
Author: Perlman F; McKee M
Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Mar;41(1):40-50.
Abstract: CONTEXT: Although Russian women have adequate knowledge of modern contraceptives, their level of use of these methods has been low, and abortion rates remain relatively high. METHODS: In 1994-2003, sexually active women aged 18-49 were interviewed about their contraceptive use as part of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. Trends in contraceptive use were examined. Multivariate analyses were conducted to identify characteristics associated with reliable contraceptive use (IUD use or consistent oral contraceptive use) in 1994 and 2003. RESULTS: In each year, about 25% of sexually active women had used no contraceptive method in the past month, and 20% had used traditional methods. Prevalence of barrier method use increased from 9% to 21% between 1994 and 2003, while that of IUD use declined from 34% to 21%. These changes were especially pronounced in Moscow and St. Petersburg, and among younger women. Common reasons for nonuse were irregular sexual relations (cited by 29% of nonusers in 2003), desire for pregnancy (22%), perceived inability to get pregnant (15%), feeling that contraceptives are uncomfortable or unpleasant (15%), health problems (11%) and the availability of abortion (6%). In 1994 and 2003, the odds of reliable contraceptive use were elevated among women with at least a secondary education (odds ratios, 1.5-1.7), and were reduced among smokers (0.6-0.7). CONCLUSIONS: Modern, effective contraceptive use has not increased among sexually active Russian women. Growing use of barrier contraceptives may reflect HIV awareness. Obstacles to effective contraceptive use, such as attitudes and health service factors, need further clarification.
Language: English
Keywords:
RUSSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | KAP SURVEYS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | IUD | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL EVALUATION | BARRIER METHODS | AGE FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Northern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Data Analysis | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Contraceptive Methods | Family Planning Personnel | Family Planning Programs | Population Characteristics
Document Number: 330704

12.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Condom use in the year following a sexually transmitted disease clinic visit.
Author: Peterman TA; Tian LH; Warner L; Satterwhite CL; Metcalf CA; Malotte KC; Paul SM; Douglas JM Jr
Author: RESPECT-2 Study Group
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Jan;20(1):9-13.
Abstract: Consistent condom use can prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but few studies have measured how the prevalence of consistent use changes over time. We measured the prevalence and correlates of consistent condom use over the course of a year. We did a secondary analysis of data from an HIV prevention trial in three sexually transmitted disease clinics. We assessed condom use during four three-month intervals for subjects and across their partnerships using unconditional logistic regression. Condom use was also assessed for subjects during all three-month intervals combined. The 2125 subjects reported on 5364 three-month intervals including 7249 partnership intervals. Condoms were always used by 24.1% of subjects and 33.2% of partnerships during a three-month interval. Over the year, 82% used condoms at least once but only 5.1% always used condoms. Always use of condom was more likely for subjects who had sex only once (66.5%) compared with >30 times (6.4%); one-time partnerships (64.1%) compared with main partnerships (22.2%); and in new partnerships (44.0%) compared with partnerships that were not new (24.5%). Although consistent condom use may prevent STIs, condoms were rarely used consistently during the year of follow-up.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | COHORT ANALYSIS | CLINIC VISITS | CONDOM USE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | TIME FACTORS | COITAL FREQUENCY | HIV PREVENTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Data Analysis | Service Statistics | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases
Document Number: 330716

13.

Title: Breastfeeding and contraception use among women with unplanned pregnancies less than 2 years after delivery.
Author: Tilley IB; Shaaban OM; Wilson M; Glasier A; Mishell DR Jr
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009;105:127-130.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine breastfeeding and contraceptive use after the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) criteria were no longer met. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-three parous Egyptian women with unplanned pregnancies less than 2 years after delivery completed a questionnaire examining breastfeeding practice and contraceptive use. RESULTS: The majority of women (81.5%) with unplanned pregnancies within 2 years of delivery were breastfeeding at conception. Of these women, 36.3% had used a method of contraception other than LAM compared with 60.5% of women who had weaned (P<0.05). Among the breastfeeding women, 61.2% failed to use contraception because they believed breastfeeding would prevent pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding women with unplanned pregnancies were less likely to have used contraception than women who had weaned, suggesting that prolonged breastfeeding contributes to unmet contraceptive need.
Language: English
Keywords:
EGYPT | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | MOTHERS | BREASTFEEDING | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA METHOD | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | WEANING | BELIEFS | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Contraception | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Culture
Document Number: 330421

14.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Patterns and predictors of adherence to diaphragm use in a phase III trial in sub-Saharan Africa: a trajectory analysis.
Author: van der Straten A; Shiboski S; Montgomery ET; Moore J; Bruyn GD; Ramjee G; Chidanyika A; Kacanek D; Padian N
Author: and the MIRA Team
Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 Apr 1;50(4):419-26.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined diaphragm adherence among 2429 women randomized to the intervention arm (diaphragm + gel + condoms) in Methods for Improving Reproductive Health in Africa, a phase III trial of the diaphragm for HIV prevention in Zimbabwe and South Africa. METHODS: Women were followed for a median of 7 quarterly visits (range: 1-8 quarterly visits) during which diaphragm adherence was assessed. We conducted trajectory analyses to identify behavioral groups associated with specific diaphragm adherence patterns. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression was used to identify baseline characteristics associated with higher probability of being in a particular trajectory group. RESULTS: Diaphragm uptake was very high (3.1% never used diaphragms). However, diaphragm adherence was reported at only 49% of visits. Women were clustered into 4 diaphragm adherence groups based on their highest estimated group membership probability: low adherers (31.0%), decreasing adherers (28.9%), increasing adherers (9.3%), and high adherers (30.8%). Women classified as high adherers (as compared with low adherers) were more likely to be older [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07 to 1.11] and to report baseline condom adherence (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.47 to 2.71). They were less likely to have high-risk behavior (AOR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.71) and to have high-risk partners (AOR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.78). They were most likely to be from the Zimbabwe site (AOR = 2.82; 95% CI: 1.89 to 4.20) and least likely to be from the Johannesburg site (AOR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.77). CONCLUSION: This analytic approach could help to identify high compliers for enrollment in future HIV prevention trials or the types of participants who may need intensive adherence counseling during follow-up.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | ZIMBABWE | CLINICAL TRIALS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | VAGINAL DIAPHRAGM | USER COMPLIANCE | VAGINAL GEL | HIV PREVENTION | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | AGE FACTORS | CONDOM USE | SAFER SEX | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Behavior | Vaginal Spermicides | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Contraceptive Usage | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | Sex Behavior | Geography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 331024

15.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Impact of post-abortion family planning services on contraceptive use and abortion rate among young women in China: a cluster randomised trial.
Author: Zhu JL; Zhang WH; Cheng Y; Xu J; Xu X; Gibson D; Stovring H; Claeys P; Temmerman M
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Feb;14(1):46-54.
Abstract: In this cluster-randomized trial, eight matched pairs of hospitals were certified by centralized randomization to offer either a "simple" family planning service package (provision of limited information and referral to existing family planning services) or a more comprehensive package (consisting-in addition to the simple package-of individual counseling, free provision of contraceptive materials, and involvement of the male partner). Women undergoing abortion were followed up for six months, and data were collected in two rounds, before and after the intervention. The authors followed a total of 2,336 women younger than 25 years (555 before and 555 after the simple intervention package; 634 before and 592 after the comprehensive intervention package). Both packages increased use of any contraceptive method, but the comprehensive approach also increased use of more effective methods and showed better compliance. The rates of unwanted pregnancies and repeat abortions were somewhat reduced for both packages, with no significant statistical difference between them.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | YOUTH | ABORTION RATE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | POSTABORTAL PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | COUNSELING | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Contraception | Family Planning Programs | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Clinic Activities
Document Number: 330345 Notification

16.

Title: Service delivery-based training for long-acting family planning methods: client / provider satisfaction assessment.
Author: Pathfinder International
Source: [Addis Ababa], Ethiopia, Pathfinder International, 2008 Jan. 6 p. (Pathfinder No. 4)
Abstract: In 2007, the RH/FP Project surveyed current LAFP users, LAFP discontinuers, CBRHAs who refer potential clients, health care providers who deliver LAFPs, and managers of those facilities where such services are provided. The survey sought to understand the quality of care issues surrounding the use and delivery of LAFP. A total of 806 current users, (795 implant and 11 IUCD), were selected from the regions of Oromiya, Amhara, Tigray, and SNNP, following a multi-stage sampling procedure. Twenty-nine former users of implants were interviewed, as were 42 CBRHAs, 19 providers (nurses and midwives) trained by the program, and 21 health facility managers. The findings are being used to design activities to improve the training and quality of care of LAFP. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
ETHIOPIA | EVALUATION REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | COMMUNITY WORKERS | SATISFACTION | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | TIME FACTORS | USAID | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | CONTRACEPTION TERMINATION | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Family Planning Programs | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraception | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Contraceptive Usage
Document Number: 325472

17.

Title: World contraceptive use 2007. [Wallchart].
Author: United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division
Source: New York, New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2008 Jan. [2] p. (ST/ESA/SER.A/273)
Abstract: At the 2005 World Summit, Governments committed themselves to "achieving universal access to reproductive health by 2015, as set out at the International Conference on Population and Development" (A/RES/60/1). This wall chart presents the latest data available on key dimensions of reproductive health, including two of the indicators for the Millennium Development Goals, namely, contraceptive prevalence relative to the use of any method (indicator 5.3) and unmet need for family planning (indicator 5.6). The wall chart shows that universal access to reproductive health is still far from being attained since, at least in terms of unmet need for family planning, in at least 43 countries over 20 per cent of the women of reproductive age who are married or in union have not met their need for contraception. Nevertheless, contraceptive use continues to increase. At the world level, 63 per cent of women of reproductive age who are married or in union are currently using a contraceptive method for a total of 716 million worldwide. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | TABLES AND CHARTS | STATISTICAL STUDIES | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | POPULATION | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | Studies | Research Methodology | Comparative Studies | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception
Document Number: 326747

18.

Title: Final report. Contraceptive discontinuation: a one-year follow-up study of female reversible method users in urban Honduras.
Author: Barden-O�Fallon J; Speizer I; Caceres Zelaya S; Calix Borjas J; Rodriguez Valenzuela F
Source: [Chapel Hill, North Carolina] University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center [CPC], MEASURE Evaluation, 2008 Oct. 45 p. (SR-08-46USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03-00003-00) Also available in Spanish: http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/publications/pdf/sr-08-46-es.pdf
Abstract: The overall goal of the present study is to examine women's contraceptive use prospectively over a one-year period. It aims to go beyond previous research by assessing the relative importance of and interactions among the family planning service environment, women's individual characteristics, and their experience with side effects on contraception continuation or discontinuation. The findings from this study complement the Honduras Encuesta Nacional de Demograf�a y Salud 2005-2006 (ENDESA) (Secretaria de Salud & Marco International, 2006). ENDESA is a cross-sectional survey of a nationally-representative sample of all women aged 15-49 that includes retrospective and current measures of contraceptive use. The present study follows a panel of women recruited from family planning service sites who at the time of the first interview were either continuing or new users of a temporary (reversible) contraceptive method. The study examines patterns of contraceptive use during the follow-up period. As compared to the women surveyed in ENDESA, the family planning clients in this study are significantly younger, less likely to be working, and less likely to have a religious affiliation. The study was conducted in four urban areas of Honduras: Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula, Santa Rosa de Cop�n/La Entrada, and Gracias. It included three phases of data collection. Phase I collected qualitative data on the decision-making processes around contraceptive adoption/continuation, including the role of providers in this process, perceptions of side effects, perceptions of service providers, usual reactions to side effects, and motivations to continue use when side effects are experienced. In phase II, 800 new and continuing users of female reversible contraceptive methods were recruited as they left the participating family planning service sites. Phase III conducted follow-up interviews with the same women interviewed in phase II approximately one year after the baseline interview. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
HONDURAS | EVALUATION REPORT | FOLLOW-UP STUDIES | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | KAP SURVEYS | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | URBAN POPULATION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTOR CHARACTERISTICS | CONTRACEPTION TERMINATION | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | DECISION MAKING | ACCEPTANCE PROCESS | MOTIVATION | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Contraception | Family Planning Acceptors | Family Planning Programs | Behavior | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 328576

19.
Title: Emergency contraception [letter]
Author: Barker S
Source: Australian Family Physician. 2008 Aug;37(8):599.
Abstract: The Clockwork Young People's Health Service sees a large number of young women requiring emergency contraception (EC). Past experience suggests that these women constitute a particularly at risk group. A pilot study in 2002 demonstrated a chlamydia rate twice that of the rest of the population screened.1 In 2005, an ongoing quality assurance activity in the form of an anonymous survey of all emergency contraception users was commenced. Its purpose was to confirm our suspicions of this being a high risk group, to ensure women requesting EC receive appropriate care and follow up, and to help direct our service's increasing preventive efforts. Responses to the survey have been fairly consistent over the 3 years. Results in 2007 were: of 85 EC recipients aged 13-24 years, 34 (40%) had used EC at least once before, 41 (48.2%) had been on regular contraception in the past but had stopped using this, 32 (37.6%) had been using a condom at the time (but were either aware of an accident with it or were wanting extra protection), 56 (65.9%) were with a partner whom they classed as 'regular' (34.1% were with a casual partner), and 34 (40%) had been drinking or using drugs before the unprotected sex (47%). Our survey results raise a number of topical issues. First, the increased binge drinking trend is currently receiving attention, but the binge drinking by-product of unplanned, unsafe sex has not been highlighted. Clearly it should be. Young women need to be alerted to the possibility of poor decisions/coercion when they are drunk. Second, even though there are recognised benefits for young people being able to purchase EC over-the-counter (in particular, availability on the weekend means that it can be taken closer to the common time for unplanned, unprotected sex) the downside is that a timely opportunity to screen and educate is missed. Perhaps we should be at least ensuring that health access information is supplied at the time of purchase. Finally, with the release of The Sexual and Reproductive Health of Young Victorians report2 there has been some discussion about the provision of EC by nondoctors. Perhaps what the survey suggests is that the imparting of thorough, accurate information about sexual health, including access information, and scheduling a follow up appointment is important; who does this is less important. We need to remain mindful that young EC users are indeed at high risk -of future unplanned pregnancies, STIs, unhealthy relationships, inappropriate alcohol use (and all that is associated with this), and poor self esteem. Ideally all young women should have adequate time at initial presentation and all should be scheduled follow up appointments to look at these issues and the importance of taking control of their reproductive lives. (full text)
Language: English
Keywords:
AUSTRALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | CHLAMYDIA | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTION TERMINATION | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | Developed Countries | Oceania | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior
Document Number: 329108

20.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Family planning and safer sex practices among HIV infected women receiving prevention of mother-to-child transmission services at Kitale District Hospital.
Author: Bii SC; Otieno-Nyunya B; Siika A; Rotich JK
Source: East African Medical Journal. 2008 Jan;85(1):46-50.
Abstract: Objectives: To determine the usage of family planning services and safer sex practices among HIV infected mothers who had gone through the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) process. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: The maternal and child health and family planning (MCH-FP) clinics in Kitale District Hospital, Western Kenya. Results: A total of 146 respondents were recruited for this study. Only 44% of the respondents were using some form of family planning. The most popular method of contraception was the hormonal injectable contraceptives. Although 73% of respondents were no longer planning to have more babies, only 45% of them were using a family planning method. Only 38% of respondents reported condom use with their partners for safe sex. Married women and those who had revealed their HIV status to their partners were more likely to use condoms (p<0.05). Conc2usions: Usage of family planning services in this study was low. A large percentage of the women were still planning to have more babies and very few women were using condoms for safe sex. Women who had informed their partners about their HIV status were more likely to use condoms than those who had not. Male partner involvement is crucial in decisions pertaining to family planning use and safe sex practices.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SAFER SEX | FAMILY PLANNING | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | CONDOM USE | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Economic Development | Economic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Risk Reduction Behavior
Document Number: 326586

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Socio-demographic factors influence contraception use among female students of the University of Novi Sad (Serbia).
Author: Bjelica A
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2008 Dec;13(4):422-30.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify some of the socio-demographic factors that influence the use of contraception among female university students and to gain a deeper insight into their contraceptive behaviour. METHODS: The study encompassed 597 randomly chosen, sexually active, second- and third-year female students of the University of Novi Sad (Serbia). The questionnaire, specially designed for the purpose of this investigation, covered a number of socio-demographic factors that could presumably influence the contraceptive behaviour of the polled students. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences among the respondents with respect to contraception use appeared to be: mother's education, presence of an elder sibling in the family, motivation for engaging in sexual intercourse, talking with friends, as well as self-assessment of the knowledge about contraception. CONCLUSION: The identified socio-demographic factors that influence the contraceptive behaviour of female students should allow to devise appropriate strategies for the promotion of the use of contraception by this young population.
Language: English
Keywords:
SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | STUDENTS | WOMEN | UNIVERSITIES | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | MOTIVATION | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | PEER PRESSURE | SELF-PERCEPTION | KNOWLEDGE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Education | Population | Schools | Contraception | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Reproduction | Psychosocial Factors | Perception
Document Number: 331097

22.

Title: Condom use, contraceptive methods, and religiosity among youths of low socioeconomic level.
Author: Cerqueira-Santos E; Koller S; Wilcox B
Source: Spanish Journal of Psychology. 2008 May;11(1):94-102.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of condoms and other contraceptive methods and religiosity/spirituality among youths of a low socioeconomic level in Porto Alegre. 1013 youths, between 12-24 years of age participated, responding to a personal questionnaire containing 109 items. Results show that 53.5% of these youths had already had their first sexual encounter, 55% of which had this experience before the age of 15. The majority (42.8%) claimed to be Catholic, and 26.7% said they believe in God, but were not religious. There appeared no significant difference in the use of condoms in relation to the level of religiosity, however, men used this method more than women to avoid AIDS and as a contraceptive. Women used other contraceptive methods more frequently, and there were no cases of exclusive use of methods permitted by the major religions (natural methods). This study revealed a high level of condom use (more than 80%) among both religious and non-religious youths.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | LOW INCOME POPULATION | YOUTH | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CATHOLICISM | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Social Class | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Contraception | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Christianity
Document Number: 328913

23.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The T 380A intrauterine device: a retrospective 5-year evaluation.
Author: de Araujo FF; Barbieri M; Guazzelli CA; Lindsey PC
Source: Contraception. 2008 Dec;78(6):474-8.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The undue resistance to intrauterine device (IUD) use seen in several settings does not seem to occur in the Family Planning Unit of UNIFESP-EPM (Sao Paulo Federal University, Brazil). In fact, the Copper T 380A IUD in this clinic has reached an outstanding importance and this motivated us to present our differing experience. The prevalence of this method in this clinic is as high as 40%. This contrasts to the low use in the rest of the country, where tubal ligation is by far the most used contraceptive method (40%) and where IUD is inexpressive (1.1%). STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study of the records of 118 users of Copper T 380A IUD inserted at the clinic and who were followed during 5 years. RESULTS: The cumulative pregnancy rate was 0.8%. The main cause for discontinuation of the study was loss to follow-up (21.3%). Other reasons for the withdrawal of the device were personal option (13.6%), dislocation (11.7%) and pregnancy wish (3.4%). There was no withdrawal by pelvic inflammatory disease. Bleeding (0.8%) was not an important cause for withdrawal, and there were no withdrawals due to pain. The continuation rate at 5 years was 46.7%. The structured service and an adequate educative program perhaps could explain at least partially the good performance of IUD use in this clinic. There was an amazing prevalence of the components of the metabolic syndrome. This could represent contraindications for hormonal contraception, and, in consequence, it could influence the increased option for and continuation of the IUD. CONCLUSION: These data show a good performance of the IUD for long duration, in relation to other studies, and this should be considered as a reliable alternative to the high prevalence of female sterilization in this country.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | CONTRACEPTION TERMINATION | MOTIVATION | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Economic Development | Economic Factors | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraceptive Usage
Document Number: 330523

24.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Correlates of condom use among sex workers and their boyfriends in three West African countries.
Author: Godin G; Bah AT; Sow A; Minani I; Morin D
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2008 May;12(3):441-451.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify correlates associated with condom use at last intercourse between sex workers (SW) and their boyfriends (BF). The sample was derived as a convenience sample recruited through existing HIV prevention organizations in Benin, Guinea and Senegal. The Theory of Planned Behavior served as the conceptual framework. A total of 406 individuals (220 SW and 186 BF) participated in the study. Socio-demographic, behavioral and psychological variables were collected through a face-to-face administered questionnaire. Condom use at last intercourse was significantly associated with intention and perceived control among SW as well as their BF. With respect to intention, perceived control, attitude and moral norm explained 82 and 74% of intention of SW and BF, respectively. These results suggest that promoting condom use among SW and BF should be based primarily on the development of personal ability to overcome obstacles to condom use. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | SEX WORKERS | COUPLES | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | SELF-PERCEPTION | ATTITUDES | VALUE ORIENTATION | Developing Countries | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Perception | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 325901

25.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Prevalence of bisexual behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China and associations between condom use in MSM and heterosexual behaviors.
Author: Lau JT; Wang M; Wong HN; Tsui HY; Jia M
Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2008 Apr;35(4):406-413.
Abstract: This study investigated the prevalence of bisexual behaviors and marital status among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) and the associations between MSM's condom use and their heterosexual behaviors. Eight hundred ninety-six adult males in Yunnan Province, China, who reported to ever have engaged in MSM behaviors were interviewed. Data were acquired through the China-UK HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Project from 2003 to 2006. Of all respondents, one-third had ever been married, 59% had ever engaged in bisexual behaviors, and 31% had done so in the past 6 months. High prevalence of inconsistent condom use was reported in heterosexual behaviors (71.9%), as well as with those who had engaged in MSM sexual behaviors in the past 6 months (30.8% with commercial sex workers and 54.7% with noncommercial sex partners) in the past 6 months. Those who did not use condoms with MSM partners were also more likely than others to not use condoms with their female sex partners (FSP). Those who had voluntary counseling and testing services were more likely than others to have used a condom in the last episode of sex with their FSP (multivariate odds ratio = 1.66). The clustering of unprotected sexual behaviors with male and FSP among bisexual MSM is revealed. The bridging effects of the risk for human immunodeficiency virus transmission from the MSM population to the female population are evident. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | KAP SURVEYS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | BISEXUALS | SEX WORKERS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception
Document Number: 325581

26.

Title: Partnership concurrency status and condom use among women diagnosed with Trichomonas vaginalis.
Author: Lichtenstein B; Desmond RA; Schwebke JR
Source: Women's Health Issues. 2008 Sep-Oct;18(5):369-74.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND: Partner concurrency increases the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Trichomonas vaginalis. Women diagnosed with T. vaginalis have a 2- to 3-fold higher risk of acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus and developing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. GOALS: We sought to describe partnership concurrency (multiple sexual partners during the same time period) and condom use among women diagnosed with T. vaginalis, and to compare reports of concurrency between matched female and male dyads. METHODS: A baseline interview on partnership status and condom use was administered to women diagnosed with T. vaginalis at a public sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic. A male partner substudy was also conducted. Seventy-three dyads were matched by unique identifier and female and male responses were compared. RESULTS: The participants were 319 African American women and 10 white women aged 15-40 years (N = 329). Almost three fourths (72.3%) had only 1 partner over a 3-month period, compared with more than one fourth (27.7%) with > or =2 partners. Regular condom use was low (16.4%), especially with regular partners (9.1%). In the matched substudy, men reported significantly higher rates of concurrency than women (47.3% vs. 23.0%; p < or = .002). Men who practiced concurrency were not significantly more likely than other men to use condoms with regular partners. CONCLUSIONS: Women seldom used condoms with their regular male partners and these partners had significantly higher rates of concurrency and low rates of condom use. Women may underestimate the risk of acquiring STI from regular partners. Counseling strategies should include the risk of being infected with STDs such as trichomonas by regular partners as well as by casual partners in the absence of condom use.
Language: English
Keywords:
ALABAMA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN | BLACKS | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | CONDOM USE | TRICHOMONIASIS | VAGINAL ABNORMALITIES | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV TRANSMISSION | SEX FACTORS | PERCEPTION | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Sexual Partners | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 329291

27.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Patterns and correlates of sexual activity and condom use behavior in persons 50-plus years of age living with HIV/AIDS.
Author: Lovejoy TI; Heckman TG; Sikkema KJ; Hansen NB; Kochman A; Suhr JA; Garske JP; Johnson CJ
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2008 Nov;12(6):943-956.
Abstract: This study characterized rates of sexual activity and identified psychosocial and behavioral correlates of sexual activity and condom use in a metropolitan sample of 290 HIV-infected adults 50-plus years of age. Thirty-eight percent of participants were sexually active in the past three months, 33% of whom had at least one occasion of anal or vaginal intercourse that was not condom protected. Rates and correlates of sexual activity and condom use differed between gay/bisexual men, heterosexual men, and heterosexual women. In the past three months, 72% of heterosexual men were sexually active compared to only 36% of gay/bisexual men and 21% of heterosexual women. However, among sexually active persons, only 27% of heterosexual men reported inconsistent condom use compared to 37% of gay/bisexual men and 35% of heterosexual women. As the number of older adults living with HIV/AIDS in the U.S. continues to increase, age-appropriate secondary risk-reduction interventions are urgently needed.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | MIDDLE AGED ADULTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | URBAN POPULATION | HOMOSEXUALS | BISEXUALS | HETEROSEXUALS | CONDOM USE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | HIV INFECTIONS | SEX FACTORS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception
Document Number: 322728

28.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Does pregnancy/paternity intention predict contraception use? A study among US soldiers who have completed initial entry training.
Author: O'Rourke K; Richman A; Roddy M; Custer M
Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2008 Jul;34(3):165-8.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY: The US Army represents a community of young adults at risk for unintended pregnancy/paternity. Our study evaluated the effect of pregnancy/paternity intention on contraceptive choice amongst new, sexually active and non-pregnant recruits. A total of 592 males and 503 females completed self-administered surveys asking about pregnancy/paternity intention, contraceptive use at last intercourse, and potential confounding factors. A multidimensional measurement of pregnancy intention was developed. Contraceptive efficacy was categorised as a four-level ordinal variable. Multivariate ordinal regression measured the association between pregnancy/paternity intention and the most efficacious birth control method used at last intercourse. RESULTS: Only 7% of participants planned a pregnancy in the next 6 months, but almost 33% of them used no birth control at last intercourse. Each unit increase in pregnancy avoidance scale was associated with a 14% increase in efficacy of birth control method used (p<0.0001). Effectiveness of birth control method increased for age (p = 0.0873), post-secondary education (p = 0.0142) and male gender (p = 0.0019.). Binge drinking reduced the likelihood of being in a higher category of birth control use (p = 0.0258). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Intention to avoid pregnancy and being male was associated with use of higher-level birth control methods.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | MILITARY PERSONNEL | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE DETERMINANTS | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | SEX FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | AGE FACTORS | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Government | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception |