1.  Title: Global action for health system strengthening: Policy recommendations to the G8 Task Force on Global Action for Health System Strengthening. Author: Japan Center for International Exchange. Task Force on Global Action for Health System Strengthening Source: Tokyo, Japan, Japan Center for International Exchange, 2009. 131 p. Abstract: On January 16, 2009, a high-level working group on global health convened by the Japan Center for International Exchange (JCIE) released a report to the Japanese government outlining measures that the G8 countries should take to set them on a path toward fulfilling their existing commitments to contributing to an overall improvement in the health of individuals and communities around the world. The Working Group on Challenges in Global Health and Japan's Contributions (the "Takemi Working Group") is chaired by Japan's former Senior Vice Minister for Health, Labour and Welfare Keizo Takemi and directed by JCIE President Tadashi Yamamoto. The Japanese government will pass the report to the Italian government, encouraging them to put these recommendations on the agenda of the 2009 G8 Summit in Italy. The report includes chapters by an international team of researchers and advisors on three specific building blocks of health systems-health financing, health information, and the health workforce-that are generally acknowledged to be critical components of any strong health system. While each paper offers specific recommendations for improvements that can be made in each individual building block, they also come to several common conclusions: 1.) While there is still a dire need for more resources-financial, human, and knowledge resources-in the global health field, there is also a critical need to use existing resources more efficiently and more effectively. Recognizing that the current global financial environment will make it even more difficult to secure the resources needed to make health systems work better for everyone, the paper writers recommend complementing the quest for more resources with creative thinking on ways to achieve better health outcomes with the resources we already have. 2.) The human security concept, which has become a pillar of Japan's foreign policy, is identified as a promising approach that can be adopted globally for strengthening health systems. Human security's emphasis on the wellbeing of individuals and communities is very much in line with the ultimate goal of health system strengthening: improving people's health and making health services available to all so that they can be healthy, productive members of society. Human security also responds to the complexity of health system strengthening with its focus on integrating community empowerment with protection strategies and its recognition of the dynamic way in which health is interconnected with many other human security challenges. 3.) In all areas of health system strengthening, donor countries tend to tell their partners in developing countries how they should behave and make decisions. This can lead to confusion, with contradicting instructions often coming from multiple donors and even from single donors, and loss of motivation for stakeholders in partner countries to take ownership of processes to improve their own health sectors. Contributing to this challenge, capacity for making informed decisions on health is often weak, further discouraging domestic decision making in planning and management of health systems. The paper writers all recommend that donor countries invest in capacity building for health sector decision making at the national and local levels and, at the same time, encourage stakeholders in partner countries to drive their own planning and implementation processes. 4.) Finally, the paper writers all recommend that the G8 follow through on its commitment to accountability by establishing an annual review of its activities and accomplishments within each of these three building blocks. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | RECOMMENDATIONS | SYSTEMS ANALYSIS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | LABOR FORCE | HEALTH POLICY | FOREIGN AID | CAPACITY BUILDING | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | INFORMATION SERVICES | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | COORDINATION | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Information | Health Services Document Number: 328416 |
| 2. Title: Expert Group Meeting to Assess the Progress in the Implementation of the Plan of Action on Population and Poverty Adopted at the Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference, 3-5 February 2009, Bangkok. Report. Author: United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP]; United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA] Source: Bangkok, Thailand, ESCAP, 2009. 38 p. Abstract: The Expert Group Meeting to Assess the Progress in the implementation of the Plan of Action on Population and Poverty adopted at the Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference was held at the United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok from 3 to 5 February 2009. The Expert Group Meeting was organized by the Social Policy and Population Section, Social Development Division, ESCAP in collaboration with the UNFPA Asia and the Pacific Regional Office. The meeting benefited from background papers and country reports prepared by resource persons and representatives of governments. Language: English Keywords: ASIA | OCEANIA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | ESCAP | POPULATION | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | POVERTY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | GENDER ISSUES | MIGRATION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | IMPLEMENTATION | Developing Countries | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Health | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331854 |
| 3. Title: Expanding access to injectable contraceptives. Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID] Source: [Washington, D.C.], USAID, [2009]. [2] p. Abstract: A technical consultation, co-sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO), USAID, and Family Health International (FHI), was held June 15-17, 2009, at the WHO in Geneva to review the evidence and programmatic experience for community-based provision of injectable contraceptives. Thirty technical and program experts from countries and organizations reviewed the scientific evidence and experiences from programs that provided injectable contraceptives through community-based health workers (CHWs). This evidence and programmatic experience came from Africa, Asia, and Latin America and focused on depotmedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). The evidence consistently showed that given appropriate training, CHWs can screen clients effectively, provide DMPA injections safely, and counsel on side effects appropriately, demonstrating competence equivalent to higher level facility-based providers of DMPA. Continuation of use of DMPA by clients of CHWs was as long as those of clients receiving injections at clinics. In addition, the vast majority of clients expressed satisfaction with CHW provision of DMPA. The Consultation concluded that sufficient evidence existed for national policies to support the introduction, continuation, and scale-up of community-based provision of progestin-only injectable contraceptives, especially DMPA. Provision of DMPA by CHWs will expand choice for underserved populations and contribute to reducing the unmet need for family planning. Operational guidelines for family planning should therefore reflect that appropriately trained CHWs can safely initiate use of DMPA and provide reinjection. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | COMMUNITY WORKERS | WHO | INJECTABLES | DEPO-PROVERA | SAFETY | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | COUNSELING | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Public Health | Contraceptive Usage | Training Programs | Education | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy Document Number: 331839 |
| 4. Title: Reducing health inequities through action on the social determinants of health. Author: World Health Assembly (62nd: 2009: Geneva) Source: Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Assembly, 2009 May 22. 5 p. (WHA62.14) Agenda item 12.5 Abstract: The Sixty-second World Health Assembly calls upon the international community, including United Nations agencies, intergovernmental bodies, civil society and the private sector: (1) to take note of the final report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health and its recommendations; (2) to take action in collaboration with WHO's Member States and the WHO Secretariat on assessing the impacts of policies and programmes on health inequities and on addressing the social determinants of health; (3) to work closely with WHO's Member States and the WHO Secretariat on measures to enhance health equity in all policies in order to improve health for the entire population and reduce inequities; (4) to consider health equity in working towards achievement of the core global development goals and to develop indicators to monitor progress, and to consider strengthening international collaboration in addressing the social determinants of health and in reducing health inequities. (Excerpts) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | WHO | HEALTH | INEQUALITIES | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | HEALTH POLICY | SOCIAL POLICY | GOALS | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Policy | Planning | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331421 |
| 5. Title: Community-based health workers can safely and effectively administer injectable contraceptives: Conclusions from a technical consultation. Author: World Health Organization [WHO]; United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]; Family Health International [FHI] Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, FHI, 2009. 4 p. Abstract: In June 2009, a technical consultation held at the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva concluded that evidence supports the introduction, continuation, and scale-up of community-based provision of progestin-only injectable contraceptives. The group of 30 technical and programme experts reviewed scientific and programmatic experience, which largely focused on the progestin-only injectable, depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). The experts found that community-based provision of progestin-only injectable contraceptives by appropriately trained community health workers (CHWs) is safe, effective, and acceptable. Such services should be part of a family planning programme offering a range of contraceptive methods. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | COMMUNITY WORKERS | WHO | INJECTABLES | DEPO-PROVERA | NEEDS | SAFETY | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | MONITORING | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Economic Factors | Public Health | Contraceptive Usage | Training Programs | Education | Evaluation | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy Document Number: 331834 |
| 6. Title: WHO / USAID / FHI Technical Consultation: Expanding Access to Injectable Contraception, 15-17 June 2009, Room M405, WHO, Geneva. Author: World Health Organization [WHO]; United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]; Family Health International [FHI] Source: [Unpublished] 2009. 5 p. Abstract: The agenda for the consultation is presented. The objectives of the consultation were: To review systematically the evidence and programmatic experience on interventions designed to expand access to / provision of contraceptive injectables, focusing on non clinic-based services and programs; To reach conclusions on issues: (a) for which evidence is consistent and strong; (b) for which evidence is mixed; and (c) for which evidence is marginal or entirely lacking and, thus requires additional research; To document discussions and conclusions of the Consultation, including policy and program implications, and to disseminate these widely. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | TABLES AND CHARTS | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | WHO | USAID | INJECTABLES | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | INTERVENTIONS | NEEDS | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Government Agencies | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Contraceptive Usage Document Number: 331853 |
7.  Peer Reviewed Title: The use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate in contraception and its potential impact on skeletal health. Author: Guilbert ER; Brown JP; Kaunitz AM; Wagner MS; Berube J; Charbonneau L; Francoeur D; Gilbert A; Gilbert F; Roy G; Senikas V; Jacob R; Morin R Source: Contraception. 2009 Mar;79(3):167-77. Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the fall of 2007, the controversy about the contraceptive use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and its potential impact on skeletal health reached the media in the province of Quebec, Canada, thereby becoming a matter of concern for the lay public and physicians. In order to discuss this subject openly, the National Institute of Public Health of Quebec (INSPQ) organized a scientific meeting on February 15, 2008, with targeted physicians delegated by their medical associations in the fields of general practice, obstetrics and gynaecology, rheumatology, orthopaedic surgery, physiatry and endocrinology. STUDY DESIGN: Participants reviewed the scientific literature using the study classification method according to the level of evidence, reviewed published guidelines of medical societies and organizations on the subject and reached a consensus position. This manuscript presents a review of the literature and describes the consensus position of the targeted medical associations. RESULTS: The consensus position adopted by all the targeted medical associations determined that DMPA was a cost-effective contraceptive option that must be considered in the light of the clinical situation and preference of each woman. Candidates for injectable contraception should be informed that the use of DMPA is associated with a slight decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), which is largely, if not completely, reversible. There should not be an absolute limit to the length of time that the DMPA contraceptive is used, regardless of the woman's age. Monitoring BMD is not recommended among users of DMPA for contraceptive purposes. Finally, the consensus statement declared that, although supplements of calcium and vitamin D are beneficial for skeletal health for women in general, such supplementation should not be recommended solely based on a woman's use of DMPA. CONCLUSION: Given the scientific evidences, DMPA use remains a valid contraceptive option for women. Its potential impact on BMD must be balanced against the significant individual, familial and social consequences of unintended pregnancy. Language: English Keywords: CANADA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | LITERATURE REVIEW | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CLASSIFICATION | PHYSICIANS | DEPO-PROVERA | MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE | SKELETAL EFFECTS | SIDE EFFECTS | PANEL DISCUSSION | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | TIME FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | CONTRAINDICATIONS | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Physiology | Biology | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Group Meeting | Communication | Safety | Public Health | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics Document Number: 330061 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Summary of proceedings of the IUSTI Global Challenges Symposium (ISSTDR 2007/10th IUSTI World Congress). Author: Ross JD; Garcia PJ; Zenilman J; Lewis DA; Chan R; Poder A Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Feb;20(2):130-4. Abstract: Working in our own geographical areas it can be easy to take a parochial view of sexually transmitted infection (STI) management and control. But although the problems and challenges faced by STI physicians vary enormously around the world, there are also common themes which can benefit from a common approach. By understanding how health services in different regions identify and address STI control, we can contribute and improve our local services, and contribute to the development of global STI care. At the 17th conference of the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Disease Research (ISSTDR) in Seattle, a symposium on Global Challenges was organized by the International Union against STIs (IUSTI) to provide feedback from physicians around the world on what they consider to be their greatest challenges. Moderated by Angelika Stary and Kit Fairley, the symposium included contributions from North and South America, Africa, Europe and Asia-Pacific regions. In this article, the speakers' have summarized their talks and provide an insight into the many challenges facing global STI control today. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | ASIA | AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH POLICY | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | TREATMENT | HEALTH SERVICES | Americas | Developing Countries | Health | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Human Rights | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Training Programs | Education | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 331168 |
| 9. Title: Reproductive and sexual health rights: 15 years after the International Conference on Population and Development [editorial] Author: Serour GI Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 May 8;:[2] p. Abstract: For the past 15 years, the World Report on Women's Health has been published in the International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (IJGO) every 3 years to mark the occasion of the FIGO World Congress. The topic of the 2006 World Report was promoting partnerships to improve access to women's reproductive and sexual health. It is fitting that, following the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo in 1994, the 2009 World Report addresses reproductive and sexual health rights 15 years after this significant conference took place. Despite some of the progress made in achieving reproductive and sexual health rights in many countries, many agenda items from the ICPD Programme of Action remain unfinished, and these are now emphasized in the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4, 5, and 6. The WHO Reproductive Health Research division has indicated that the core elements for improvement include improving prenatal, delivery, post partum, and newborn care; providing high-quality services for family planning including infertility services; eliminating unsafe abortion; combating sexually transmitted infections including HIV, reproductive tract infections, cervical cancer, and other gynecological morbidities; and promoting sexual health. It identified 6 areas of action including strengthening the capacity of health systems, improving the information base for priority settings, mobilizing political will, creating supportive legislation and regulatory frameworks, and strengthening, monitoring, evaluation, and accountability. The 2009 World Report provides the reader with a comprehensive and concise overview of what has been achieved in women's reproductive and sexual health rights since the ICPD, unmet needs, obstacles, and the feasible actions in the countdown to 2015 as outlined in the ICPD Programme of Action and the health-related MDGs. The July 2008 Summit Declaration of the G8 countries called for reproductive health to be "widely accessible," for closer links between HIV/AIDS and family planning programs, and strengthening of health systems. It is hoped that the latest global economic crisis will not negatively impact the commitments of rich countries to reproductive and sexual health programs in low-resource countries to reduce mortality and improve the quality-of-life of women and newborns around the world. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POLICYMAKERS | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL MORTALITY | DEATH RATE | WHO | HUMAN RIGHTS | HEALTH POLICY | GOALS | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Policy | Planning Document Number: 341456 |
| 10. Title: The Transnational study of oral contraceptive cardiovascular safety: history and science. Author: Suissa S Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2009;62:588-593. Abstract: This study, in which Kuhl et al. reported elevated ethinyl estradiol (EE) levels in women receiving the gestodene/EE combination oral contraceptives (OCs) compared with desogestrel-containing combination OCs, by its implication that such differences could be associated with increased cardiovascular risks, had attracted much publicity and created great concern in Germany. The working group found sufficient methodological deficiencies in the Kuhl study to question the validity of its findings of significant differences in effects between the various OCs. Besides a large number of studies mostly irrelevant to the issue of cardiovascular risk, Schering had conducted a large postmarketing phase IV study in over 100,000 women. Joe Fleiss, who was the primary reviewer of that report, presented the shortest review I had ever witnessed: he raised the thick report in the air and simply tossed it on the floor. It was clear to all that the data were simply unreliable and unusable to address this safety concern. The working group thus recommended that the only way to address the safety issue regarding gestodene was to conduct epidemiological studies on the safety of all newer low-dose OCs and saw it as an international priority, particularly in view of the number of newer OCs that had been brought to market and the scarcity of recent published studies. Schering agreed in principle to fund such research, and Walter coordinated the writing of protocols for a research program that included three studies. The Trinational study, a field case-control study conducted in three European countries was the only one retained. The Value Added Medical Products (VAMP), the predecessor of the General Practice Research Database (GPRD), historical cohort study was rejected for political (no data on German women) and scientific reasons, such as the absence of important confounder data and insufficient OC history. The Saskatchewan study was rejected because gestodene was not available in Saskatchewan, and other low-dose COCs, by themselves, were not relevant to the sponsors. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: EUROPE, WESTERN | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | CLINICAL RESEARCH | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS | GESTODENE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | DESOGESTREL | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, LOW-DOSE | LOW-DOSE PROGESTINS | NORTH AMERICA, NORTHERN | Europe | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Comparative Studies | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Safety | Public Health | Health | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Physiology | Biology | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Americas Document Number: 331005 |
| 11. Title: Antiretroviral drugs in development. A report from HIV DART 2008: Frontiers in Drug Development for Antiretroviral Therapies, 9-12 December 2008, Rio Grande, Puerto Rico. Author: Temesgen Z Source: Expert Opinion On Investigational Drugs. 2009 Apr;18(4):549-53. Abstract: HIV DART 2008, Frontiers in Drug Development for Antiretroviral Therapies, was held on 9-12 December 2008 in Puerto Rico. The stated purpose of this biannual international meeting is to assemble clinicians, researchers and basic scientists together to advance the knowledge of the ongoing drug development processes in antiretroviral research. However, there were also presentations of thematic reviews of clinical topics such as prevention and drug resistance; HIV therapy in developing countries; and HIV/hepatitis and other coinfections. This report focuses on the main theme of the conference, the antiretroviral drug development pipeline. The author is solely responsible for the selection of topics and presentations to be included in this report. Language: English Keywords: PUERTO RICO | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | SUMMARY REPORT | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | CLINICAL TRIALS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | DRUG RESISTANCE | SIDE EFFECTS | TOXICITY | PROTEINS | Caribbean | Americas | Developed Countries | Technology | Economic Factors | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | HIV | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Drugs | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 341946 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: HIV/AIDS in Latin America and the Caribbean [editorial] Source: Lancet. 2008 Jul 26;372(9635):263. Abstract: The amalgam of cultures and populations, socioeconomic disparities, languages, and sexual proprieties means the HIV epidemic is not homogeneous and it is hard to make generalisations from one country to the next. In this region the subject of HIV/AIDS is often swept under the carpet. Some of the common factors that characterise this region and prohibit an effective response include: generalised poverty, homophobia, gender inequality, lack of access to health-care and educational services, immigration and emigration, the absence of leadership in some countries, the lack of research into patterns of transmission, pressure from the Catholic Church that hinders prevention efforts, and laws that are inadequate in the context of the epidemic. One of the major themes at the 2008 Mexico City conference will be tackling stigma and discrimination, which is particularly pervasive in the region but also happens elsewhere. For too long the needs of vulnerable populations have been neglected. In Mexico the adoption of a rights-based perspective to address the challenge of HIV/AIDS globally needs to reaffirm that universal access to prevention, treatment, and care is a human right and that no form of stigma and discrimination will be tolerated. There is still an enormous amount to do to bring about the large reductions in HIV prevalence in the high-risk groups. The global-health architecture needs to put Latin America in their plans. Not to do so is unfair and shortsighted, because there are likely to be good returns on investment. At the meeting, people from Latin America and the Caribbean will have the chance to show the world the reality of the different epidemics the region is confronting, the responses in place, and the obstacles to overcome. Garnering the world's attention for 5 days must have a lasting impact and re-energise the HIV community in the region. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CARIBBEAN | SUMMARY REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | PREVALENCE | SEX WORKERS | IV DRUG USERS | HETEROSEXUALS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | STIGMA | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Americas | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Drug Use and Abuse | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 328462 |
| 13. Title: Asia and the Pacific Regional Forum on Strengthening Partnerships with Faith-Based Organisations in Addressing ICPD, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 5-6 May, 2008. A report on the conference proceedings. Author: Asia and the Pacific Regional Forum on Strengthening Partnerships with Faith-Based Organisations in Addressing ICPD (2008: Kuala Lumpur) Source: [New York, New York], United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA], 2008. 60 p. Abstract: Building on a legacy spanning three decades, UNFPA Country Offices in the Asia-Pacific region and their faith-based partners came together for a two-day consultation to assess the nature and impact of these partnerships in the areas of maternal health, gender equality, migration and youth welfare. This report documents the experiences and lessons learned from the varied initiatives of faith-based organizations, as well as the best practices emanating from these strategic alliances around the region. The discussions, recommendations for action and the many voices of critical faith-based actors, are all documented in this report. Language: English Keywords: ASIA | OCEANIA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATION | POLICYMAKERS | MATERNAL MORTALITY | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | HUMAN RIGHTS | UNFPA | COORDINATION | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | FOREIGN AID | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | UN | International Agencies | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 331357 |
| 14. Title: Promoting community-based distribution / community reproductive health worker provision of DMPA. Educational visit to Uganda - summary report, 20-22 March, 2007. Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: Kampala, Uganda, FHI, 2008. [21] p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse Doc. ID / Order No. PD-ACL-828USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-05-00022-00) Abstract: An educational visit to Uganda by Kenyan reproductive health professionals was held from March 20 to 22, 2007. This visit was funded by USAID under FHI's Promoting DMPA Provision by Community Health Providers project (FCO 113108). Delegates were invited from cooperating agencies (CAs) and professional associations that had participated in one-on-one advocacy meetings led by the Kenya DRH. These organizations were represented: KOGS, NNAK, The Nursing Council, the Kenya MOH/GTZ CBD programme, KCOA, and JHPIEGO. The objectives of the trip were: 1) To gain first-hand experience of Uganda's efforts at using CBDs to provide injectable Depo-Provera/DMPA at the community level; 2) To identify lessons learned from the Uganda initiative and approaches used to overcome challenges and obstacles; 3) To identify specific issues and concerns that would need to addressed in replicating a similar initiative in Kenya; and 4) To gather lessons, suggestions, and recommendations that will be presented at a larger stakeholders' meeting on CBD of DMPA in Kenya in 2007. The following key activities were carried out: 5) Sessions with key stakeholders in the Uganda CBD of DMPA project, including NGOs with RH activities and Uganda MOH officials; 6) Field visit to the Nakasongola district, where Save the Children (SC) has implemented a CBD of DMPA programme since 2004; and 7) The Kenyan team's wrap-up session and agreement on "take home" messages. The tour exposed the delegates to the details of the Uganda CBD programme and to the reality of CBDs providing DMPA. The main "take home" message was that CBD provision of DMPA was feasible and should be pilot-tested in Kenya. Each of the organizations represented pledged their support for a pilot study in Kenya and recommended that a project advisory committee be formed. This committee will be responsible for reviewing the process of conducting the pilot study, and the study's outcomes. Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | COMMUNITY WORKERS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION WORKERS | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | DEPO-PROVERA | INJECTABLES | BEST PRACTICES | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Contraceptive Methods Document Number: 329880 |
| 15. Title: Promoting community-based distribution / community reproductive health worker provision of DMPA. Educational visit to Uganda - summary report, February 18 - 20, 2008. Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: Kampala, Uganda, FHI, 2008. [32] p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse Doc. ID / Order No. PD-ACL-827USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-05-00022-00) Abstract: An educational tour to Uganda on February 18-20 provided delegates from other countries with an introduction to the community-based distribution (CBD) of the injectable contraceptive DMPA (depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, or Depo Provera). The goal was to learn about Uganda's experiences with the CBD of DMPA and to forge relationships between the delegates so that they could exchange information about such programs in their home countries. The tour was funded by USAID through a project-Promoting DMPA Provision by Community Health Providers-which is managed by Family Health International (FHI). The delegates hoped to achieve several objectives: 1. learn about the organizational network of the program, including the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders; 2. identify the costs of launching a CBD of DMPA program; 3. identify and understand potential ethical and regulatory issues; 4. learn best practices for providing the service; 5. examine strategies for sustainability and ownership, including remuneration, incentives, and community involvement; 6. learn how to monitor and supervise a program; and 7. identify weaknesses, strengths, and impediments associated with implementation Delegates met key stakeholders in Uganda who have supported and implemented the CBD of DMPA program since 2003. The delegates also learned about the program in Uganda from the staff at the Uganda Ministry of Health, FHI, and Save the Children. The delegates visited the districts of Luwero and Nakaseke, where Save the Children had implemented a CBD of DMPA program. The delegates met with district health officials, local family planning champions, Save the Children staff, and CBD workers who support and implement the program in these districts. The delegates asked questions of the district officials and CBD workers, and they observed a CBD worker provide an injection to a client. On the final day, the delegates participated in group planning sessions where they outlined the steps needed to implement the CBD of DMPA in their respective countries. Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | COMMUNITY WORKERS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION WORKERS | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | DEPO-PROVERA | INJECTABLES | BEST PRACTICES | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | ETHICS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Contraceptive Methods | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 329879 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Ethical aspects concerning termination of pregnancy following prenatal diagnosis. FIGO Committee for the Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women’s Health. FIGO committee report. Author: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO]. Committee for the Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women's Health Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008 Jul;102(1):97-98. Abstract: The FIGO Committee for the Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women's Health considers the ethical aspects of issues that impact the discipline of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health. The following document represents the result of that carefully researched and considered discussion. This material is intended to provide material for consideration and debate about these ethical aspects of our discipline for member organizations and their constituent membership. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | FRANCE | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | ETHICS | WOMEN | ABORTION | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | BIRTH DEFECTS | ULTRASONICS | SCREENING | BELIEFS | CULTURE | RECOMMENDATIONS | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Human Rights | Political Factors | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Examinations and Diagnoses Document Number: 327333 Notification |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: Violence against women. FIGO Committee for the Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women’s Health. FIGO committee report. Author: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO]. Committee for the Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women's Health Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008 Jul;102(1):95-96. Abstract: The FIGO Committee for the Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women's Health considers the ethical aspects of issues that impact the discipline of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health. The following document represents the result of that carefully researched and considered discussion. This material is intended to provide material for consideration and debate about these ethical aspects of our discipline for member organizations and their constituent membership. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | FRANCE | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | WOMEN | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | WOMEN'S HEALTH | ETHICS | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Health Document Number: 327332 |
| 18. Title: Symposium Proceedings. Health Outcomes Research: How Can It Assist Decision-Making for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer and Other HPV Disease in Asia and the Pacific? Bangkok, Thailand, 12 February 2008. Author: Symposium on Health Outcomes Research: How Can It Assist Decision-Making for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer and Other HPV Disease in Asia and the Pacific? (2008: Bangkok) Source: Bangkok, Thailand, Family Health International [FHI], Asia / Pacific Regional Office, 2008. 50 p. Abstract: While cervical cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the most common among women in developing countries, it is among the most preventable and treatable of all cancers. Global guidance on comprehensive programs for cervical cancer control as well as for introduction of HPV immunization has been issued by WHO, and review of the guidance has begun in the Asia-Pacific region. However, initial costs of large-scale HPV immunization have made decision-makers in developing countries of the region reluctant to develop strategies to incorporate HPV immunization vaccines into their programs. Without advocacy efforts and a significant reduction in the price of the vaccine, HPV immunization will not feature prominently on the policy agenda in the region. This report documents the proceedings of an FHI-hosted regional workshop highlighting the role of health outcomes research data and modeling for future decision-making. Language: English Keywords: ASIA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | CERVICAL CANCER | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | DECISION MAKING | HPV | PREVALENCE | VACCINES | IMMUNIZATION | SCREENING | COST EFFECTIVENESS | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | PRODUCT APPROVAL | Developing Countries | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Primary Health Care | Examinations and Diagnoses | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Economic Factors | Legislation | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 331754 |
| 19. Title: Maternal health: fifth report of Session 2007-08. Volume I. Report, together with formal minutes. Author: United Kingdom. House of Commons. International Development Committee Source: London, United Kingdom, Stationery Office, 2008 Mar 2. 71 p. (HC 66-I) Abstract: Millennium Development Goal 5 (MDG 5), which seeks to reduce by three-quarters the level of maternal mortality by 2015, has seen the least progress of all the MDGs. A key factor in this collective failure has been insufficient political will to drive actions to improve the health of women, both at the international and national levels. The Department for International Development (DFID) has been a leading donor to maternal health programmes. It deserves credit for its creation of international partnerships, its willingness to address sensitive issues such as abortion, its support to research and its consistent focus on strengthening health systems. Major challenges remain. Only two in five women in sub-Saharan Africa deliver their babies with the assistance of a skilled attendant and this is largely unchanged since the early 1990s. Addressing the huge shortage of midwives worldwide and increasing the availability of emergency obstetric care to all women has been and must remain at the centre of DFID's approach. Increasing access to basic drugs and equipment-including family planning supplies-is also vital. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | MATERNAL HEALTH | GENDER ISSUES | POLITICAL FACTORS | MATERNAL MORTALITY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Policy | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 325495 |
| 20. Title: United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development, New York, 21-23 January 2008. Author: United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division Source: New York, New York, United Nations, 2008 Mar. 364 p. (ESA/P/WP.206) Abstract: In 2008, the world is reaching an important milestone: for the first time in history, half of the world population will be living in urban areas. Urbanization has significant social and economic implications: Historically, it has been an integral part of the process of economic development and an important determinant of the decline in fertility and mortality rates. Many important economic, social and demographic transformations have taken place in cities. The urban expansion, due in part to migration from rural to urban areas, varies significantly across regions and countries. The distribution and morphology of cities, the dynamics of urban growth, the linkages between urban and rural areas and the living conditions of the rural and urban population also vary quite substantially across countries and over time. In general, urbanization represents a positive development, but it also poses challenges. The scale of such challenges is particularly significant in less developed regions, where most of the urban growth will take place in the coming decades. To discuss trends in population distribution and urbanization and their implications, the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat organized an Expert Group Meeting on Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development. The meeting, which took place from 21 to 23 January at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, brought together experts from different regions of the world to present and discuss recent research on urbanization, the policy dimensions of urban growth and internal migration, the linkages and disparities between urban and rural development, aspects of urban infrastructure and urban planning, and the challenges of climate change for the spatial distribution of the population. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | UNITED KINGDOM | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | MIGRANTS | URBAN POPULATION | URBANIZATION | INTERNAL MIGRATION | RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | UN | GROUP MEETING | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | LABOR MIGRATION | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Urban Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Economic Factors | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication Document Number: 325697 |
| 21. Title: Gender snapshot. UNFPA programming at work. Author: United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA] Source: New York, New York, UNFPA, Technical Division, Gender, Human Rights and Culture Branch, 2008. 27 p. Abstract: This booklet provides a snapshot of UNFPA's programming efforts to advance gender equality and empower women. It reports on activities undertaken in various priority areas like empowerment, reproductive health, youth and adolescent, conflict and emergency situations, etc. The report is based on contributions from the global, regional and country levels over the course of two years (2007-2008). Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | UNFPA | GENDER ISSUES | POPULATION POLICY | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | CULTURE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | WAR | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | Economic Development | Economic Factors | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Human Rights | Health | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331354 |
| 22. Title: The Mexico City Policy / Global Gag Rule: its impact on family planning and reproductive health. Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, One Hundred Tenth Congress, First Session, October 31, 2007. Author: United States. Congress. House of Representatives. Committee on Foreign Affairs Source: Washington, D.C., United States Government Printing Office, 2008. 132 p. (Serial No. 110-121) Abstract: Witnesses testifying on the impact of the Mexico City Policy / Global Gag Rule on family planning and reproductive health included: The Honorable Nita Lowey, a Representative in Congress from the State of New York, The Honorable Marilyn Musgrave, a Representative in Congress from the State of Colorado, Duff G. Gillespie, Ph.D., Professor and Senior Scholar, Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Ejike Oji, M.B.B.S., Country Director, Ipas Nigeria, Joana Nerquaye-Tetteh, Ph.D., Former Executive Director, Planned Parenthood Association of Ghana, Jean Kagia, M.D. (Kenya), Consultant, Obstetrician & Gynecologist. Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | COURT DECISION | LITIGATION | FAMILY PLANNING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | IMPACT | HEALTH POLICY | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | ABORTION | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Communication | Policy | Human Rights | Fertility Control, Postconception Document Number: 331436 |
| 23. Title: Reflections on the XVII International AIDS Conference. Author: Barroso J Source: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. 2008 Nov-Dec;19(6):480. Abstract: The fatigue team-ANAC members Les Harmon, Naima Salahuddin, and I-had the great privilege of attending the 17th International AIDS Conference in Mexico City in August. We presented three posters about our work with the HIV-related fatigue study. It was the first time any of us had attended an International AIDS Conference. The first day we were at the conference, we felt overwhelmed. There were about 25,000 attendees, and the venue was enormous. It was difficult trying to decide which sessions we wanted to attend because there was often more than one enticing session offered at the same time. By the end of the day, as we shared a cab back to our hotel, we would talk about everything we learned and saw. It was simultaneously exhausting and exhilarating. We were so happy to see other ANAC members; anytime we see ANAC members anywhere, it is like coming home. We were very proud of the presence ANAC had at the conference. Our favorite area was the Global Village. At the main conference venue, all of the scientific talks were conducted, and then there was the Global Village- a place for people living with HIV to express themselves through artwork, interpretive theater and dance, mime, and storytelling. Goods made by people with HIV from around the world were also sold there. It almost reminded us of the Thanksgiving "adult table" (the main conference venue) and "kid's table" (the Global Village).and the most fun was to be had at the kid's table! We thoroughly enjoyed the Global Village and were grateful the conference organizers recognized the need to make the conference about the people affected by HIV, not just the presenters. Our other impression was that there seems to be something-some sort of prevention activity, some effort to get antiretroviral medications out to those who need them-happening in many, many places around the world. Certainly these efforts may not be enough, but they are a start. Where there are people of good will, great things can happen, and we saw that in Mexico City. (full-text) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | FATIGUE | HIV INFECTIONS | HIV PREVENTION | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Viral Diseases | HIV Document Number: 330393 |
| 24. Title: Strategies for promoting gender equity in developing countries: Lessons, challenges and opportunities. Author: Bryan E; Varat J Source: Washington, D.C., Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2008 Jul. 30 p. Abstract: Women are key to the development challenge. Throughout the developing world, women are at a disadvantage at the household, community, and societal levels. Within the household, women have less access to and control over resources and limited influence over household decisions. Beyond the household, women have limited access to communal resources, are under-represented in public decision-making bodies; have limited bargaining power in markets (such as the labor market), and often lack opportunities to improve their socioeconomic position. Therefore, efforts to reduce gender inequality are required on multiple fronts. Over the last several decades a number of strategies have emerged and evolved to promote gender equity in development efforts. Yet debates regarding the relative efficacy of these strategies remain. On Thursday, April 26, 2007, the Woodrow Wilson Center convened a group of experts on gender and development to address the issue of gender inequality from a variety of perspectives. Panelists reflected on past efforts to promote gender equity and discussed effective strategies for the way forward. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | GENDER ISSUES | GENDER RELATIONS | INEQUALITIES | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | BEST PRACTICES | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 327585 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Strengthening accountability in the global response to HIV. Author: Cahn P; McClure C Source: Lancet. 2008 Jul 26;372(9635):265. Abstract: As the world turns its attention towards Mexico City for the XVII International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2008), the International AIDS Society and its organising partners are taking steps to use their influence at the conference to track progress on international commitments and to strengthen accountability for those commitments in key areas. The conferences and its themes have served as milestones in the global response to HIV. The theme of Access for All (AIDS 2004, Bangkok) signaled an emerging consensus that the goals established in the 2001 UN Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS would not be realised without substantially greater political leadership and resources. The treatment advocacy that dominated AIDS 2004 would culminate in the 2005 commitments to universal access by 2010 made first by G8 leaders and subsequently by the international community at the UN World Summit. Time to Deliver (AIDS 2006, Toronto) reflected growing impatience with the slow pace of scaling up HIV programmes and with the resistance of governments to addressing the needs of the populations most at risk. This resistance-exemplified by the 2006 Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS which failed to mention men who have sex with men, injecting drug users, and sex workers-was challenged by scientific and civil society leaders at AIDS 2006, who argued forcefully that public-health imperatives must take precedence over political expediency. The AIDS 2008 theme is Universal Action Now, to emphasise the urgent need to increase the pace of scale-up. It is also an important reminder that the epidemic does not exist in a vacuum-collective action to protect human rights and end stigma and discrimination, in addition to rolling out biomedical interventions, is required to halt the epidemic. Recent claims that HIV-targeted funding is to blame for weak health systems in poor countries ignore the fact that establishing new laboratories and clinics, building stronger management systems for the supply chain, and strengthening the training of health-care workers is having a broader positive effect on under-resourced health-care systems. HIV professionals have long understood the need to work in collaboration with other health advocates, and to ensure that HIV programmes are integrated with other health services. In Mexico, there will be many opportunities to further strengthen such alliances and to make the case that delivery of HIV programmes can catalyse other areas of the health-care system. AIDS 2008 will also be an opportunity to reflect on the June 2008 UN High-Level Meeting on AIDS. Progress reports released in advance of that meeting indicate that most countries are far off -target to reach universal access goals. At AIDS 2008, civil society and scientific leaders will join government officials to assess progress as equal partners in the response. The International AIDS Society and its partners will later issue a peer-reviewed impact report on the conference, which will analyse the new science, programmatic experience, and lessons learned from AIDS 2008, including implications for policy and practice. Over the next 2 years, the conference will also explore how, as an organisation, we can adopt a more targeted approach to holding stakeholders accountable. By tracking progress on a few key interventions, we hope to increase the likelihood that political commitments are translated into action. (full-text) Language: English Keywords: SUMMARY REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | AIDS | TREATMENT | HUMAN RIGHTS | STIGMA | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | FUNDS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Health | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Problems | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 328454 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: HIV prevention and transmission the focus at International AIDS Conference [letter] Author: El-Khatib Z; Pharris A Source: South African Medical Journal. 2008 Oct;98(10):738. Abstract: To the Editor: The XVII International AIDS Conference was held on 3 - 8 August 2008 in Mexico City, with 24 000 implementers, activists, persons living with HIV, researchers and politicians from 194 nations discussing the conference theme: Universal action now! One of the main messages stressed throughout the conference was that a focus on antiretroviral (ARV) treatment alone has not and will not win the battle against HIV transmission. While increased access to treatment for the millions who need it should be supported and expanded, 2 - 3 persons are newly infected with HIV for each person placed on treatment. And while ARVs alone cannot prevent HIV transmission, neither can a single prevention strategy. UNAIDS director Dr Peter Piot emphasised the need to study the regional context of every HIV epidemic carefully so as to apply the most appropriate combination of strategies for prevention and treatment for the local population. Piot and others stressed the need for 'combination prevention' -an evidence-based mix of context- and epidemic-appropriate prevention strategies applied together to enhance the effectiveness of prevention efforts. Ross et al. presented a model showing men's age as a risk factor for increased HIV transmission to female partners. The 'take-home' message was that intergenerational sex may be a risk factor, and that sex within the same age group may help to reduce transmission risk. Powers et al.'s literature review found that the risk of transmission among the heterosexual population may exceed 1 per 1 000 coital acts, depending on genital ulcers and the presence of circumcision. Attia et al. presented a literature review that found no strong correlation between exposure to ARVs and reduction in transmission between discordant couples, owing to limited data and the unclear effect of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Heneine (on behalf of Parikh et al.) presented a casecontrol experimental trial of 6 monkeys exposed to SHIV via a tenofovir-based vaginal gel. None of the study group seroconverted, while 86% of a control group that did not receive ARVs seroconverted. In addition to this and other research, there was a resounding call to use HIV funding to support health systems as well as to urgently address human rights violations, gender inequality and stigmatisation, to further support the successful continued scale-up of treatment and combination prevention efforts. (full text) Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | CRITIQUE | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | HIV PREVENTION | HIV TRANSMISSION | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 329874 |
| 27. Title: Alternative medicines for AIDS in resource-poor settings: insights from exploratory anthropological studies in Asia and Africa. Author: Hardon A; Desclaux A; Egrot M; Simon E; Micollier E Source: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2008;4:16. Abstract: The emergence of alternative medicines for AIDS in Asia and Africa was discussed at a satellite symposium and the parallel session on alternative and traditional treatments of the AIDSImpact meeting, held in Marseille, in July 2007. These medicines are heterogeneous, both in their presentation and in their geographic and cultural origin. The sessions focused on the role of these medications in selected resource poor settings in Africa and Asia now that access to anti-retroviral therapy is increasing. The aims of the sessions were to (1) identify the actors involved in the diffusion of these alternative medicines for HIV/AIDS, (2) explore uses and forms, and the way these medicines are given legitimacy, (3) reflect on underlying processes of globalisation and cultural differentiation, and (4) define priority questions for future research in this area. This article presents the insights generated at the meeting, illustrated with some findings from the case studies (Uganda, Senegal, Benin, Burkina Faso, China and Indonesia) that were presented. These case studies reveal the wide range of actors who are involved in the marketing and supply of alternative medicines. Regulatory mechanisms are weak. The efficacy claims of alternative medicines often reinforce a biomedical paradigm for HIV/AIDS, and fit with a healthy living ideology promoted by AIDS care programs and support groups. The AIDSImpact session concluded that more interdisciplinary research is needed on the experience of people living with HIV/AIDS with these alternative medicines, and on the ways in which these products interact (or not) with anti-retroviral therapy at pharmacological as well as psychosocial levels. Language: English Keywords: ASIA | AFRICA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | RESEARCH PROPOSAL | CASE STUDIES | INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES | POLICYMAKERS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | AIDS PREVENTION | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE | CULTURE | DRUG INTERACTIONS | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Drugs Document Number: 329123 |
| 28. Title: Sixteen days of activism against gender-based violence in Burkina Faso. Author: Ilse J; Simon S Source: Exchange on HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Gender. 2008;(3):14-15. Abstract: Burkina Faso is one of the poorest countries in the world with 70 out of 100 people living on less than US$2 a day.1 Women are particularly affected by poverty as they are generally more vulnerable both economically and socially due to illiteracy. The 2007 and 2008 Human Development Report states that in Burkina Faso, 38% of the children under five years are underweight. The report further states that literacy among the 15-24 year youth category stands at 33 % for boys and 27% for girls. Primary school enrolment stands at 51% but with a very low secondary and tertiary enrolment rate for girls. Language: English Keywords: BURKINA FASO | EVALUATION REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CAMPAIGNS | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | ILLITERACY | HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES | HIV PREVENTION | SEX DISCRIMINATION | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Communication Programs | Communication | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Women's Status | Diseases | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Traditional Health Practices | Culture | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Social Discrimination Document Number: 323158 |
| 29. Title: Migration from Zimbabwe: Numbers, needs, and policy options. Author: Leslie R Source: Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Development and Enterprise, 2008 Apr. [40] p. Abstract: On 13 November 2007 CDE hosted a workshop on the migration of Zimbabweans to South Africa. CDE took this initiative because it had become clear from media reports that increased migration flows from Zimbabwe were exacerbating and dramatising already existing inadequacies of regional migration management. By staging the workshop, and distributing this publication based on its proceedings, CDE hopes to broaden and inform the policy debate not only on the short-term pressures of crisis-driven movement of people out of Zimbabwe, but on the wider and longer-term issues of immigration policy in South Africa. Political instability and economic decline in Zimbabwe are driving migration to South Africa at an accelerating rate. This movement of people in unprecedented numbers is also fuelled by South Africa's skills shortages and comparatively robust - in regional terms at least - economic performance. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ZIMBABWE | SOUTH AFRICA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | RECOMMENDATIONS | MIGRATION | LABOR MIGRATION | BRAIN DRAIN | BORDER CROSSING | MIGRATION POLICY | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | REFUGEES | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | International Migration | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Migrants Document Number: 325841 |
| 30. Title: Only poverty reduction will curtail population growth [editorial] Author: Nuwagaba N Source: African Health Sciences. 2008 Mar;8(1):4-5. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | FERTILITY SURVEYS | HOUSEHOLDS | POPULATION | POVERTY | POPULATION CONTROL | POPULATION POLICY | PREVALENCE | HOME ECONOMICS | CHILD SURVIVAL | TRAINING PROGRAMS | ADVOCACY | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Measurement | Research Methodology | Microeconomic Factors | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Education | Communication | Women's Status Document Number: 323092 |
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