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Peer Reviewed

Title: Media saturation, communication exposure and HIV stigma in Nigeria.
Author: Babalola S; Fatusi A; Anyanti J
Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 Apr;68(8):1513-20.
Abstract: HIV-related stigma constitutes an impediment to public health as it hampers HIV/AIDS control efforts in many ways. To address the complex problems of increasing HIV infection rate, widespread misinformation about the infection and the rising level of HIV-related stigma, the various tiers of government in Nigeria are working with local and international non-governmental organizations to develop and implement strategic communication programs. This paper assesses the link between these communication efforts and HIV-related stigma using data from a nationally representative household survey. The results show that accepting attitudes towards people living with HIV are more prevalent among men than among women. Exposure to HIV-related communication on the media is associated with increased knowledge about HIV, which is in turn a strong predictor of accepting attitudes. Communication exposure also has a significant and positive association with accepting attitudes towards people living with HIV. In contrast, community media saturation is not strongly linked with accepting attitudes for either sex. The findings strongly suggest that media-based HIV programs constitute an effective strategy to combat HIV/AIDS-related stigma and should therefore be intensified in Nigeria.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | HOUSEHOLDS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | STIGMA | MASS MEDIA | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | ATTITUDES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems | Communication | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 341694

Peer Reviewed

Title: Application of the Attitude-Social Influence-Efficacy Model to Condom Use Among African-American STD Clinic Patients: Implications for Tailored Health Communication.
Author: Noar SM; Crosby R; Benac C; Snow G; Troutman A
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Aug 14;
Abstract: The purpose of the current investigation was to apply the attitude-social influence-efficacy (ASE) model to achieve a theory-based understanding of condom use among low income, heterosexually active African-American STD clinic patients. N = 293 participants were recruited from a large, publicly-funded metropolitan STD clinic in the Southeastern United States and surveyed using an ACASI computer program. Results indicated that several ASE variables exhibited meaningful relationships with condom stages of change in univariate analyses, replicating patterns found in previous research. Fewer variables remained significant in multivariate analyses, however. There was also some support for the proposition that early stage movement (e.g., Precontemplation to Contemplation) is based more upon perceptions of condom use (e.g., pros, perceived norms), whereas later stage movement (e.g., Preparation to Action/Maintenance) is based more upon perceived and actual skills acquisition (e.g., condom self-efficacy, negotiation strategies). Results varied with regard to main and casual condom stage of change. Implications for developing tailored HIV prevention interventions with heterosexual African-Americans are discussed.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLIENTS | BLACKS | CONDOM USE | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | HIV PREVENTION | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication
Document Number: 342545

Title: Motivating healthy timing and spacing of pregnancies -- lessons from the field.
Author: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Center for Communication Programs. Health Communication Partnership
Source: Communication Impact!. 2008 Jan;(24):[2] p.
Abstract: There is strong evidence that healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy saves lives from six key studies conducted between 2000 and 2005 (supported by USAID). These studies indicate the lack of appropriate spacing significantly harms maternal and child health. Birth-to-pregnancy intervals of less than six months were associated with a 150% increased risk of maternal mortality. Risk of induced abortion was 650% greater, and miscarriage 230% greater among women with short intervals. Child health was also adversely affected, including a 223% increased risk of newborn death. Studies conducted in 2007 in Jordan, Uganda, and Egypt by the Health Communication Partnership (HCP) illustrate how health communication approaches can help change community norms and promote birth spacing. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
JORDAN | UGANDA | EGYPT | TECHNICAL REPORT | PREGNANCY INTERVALS | BIRTH SPACING | FAMILY SIZE | FAMILY PLANNING | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Middle East | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Africa, North | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Communication
Document Number: 327607

5.
Title: E-health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a decade of challenges and achievements.
Author: Al-Shorbaji N
Source: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2008;14 Suppl:S157-73.
Abstract: The World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) has made huge progress in terms of use of information and communication technology (ICT) in the healthcare sector. Despite the late entry of ICT in health in the Region, there have been many impressive developments both as public health applications and in medical care. The article attempts to draw a picture of the current status of e-health applications in the Region with some specific examples of milestones and achievements made. The overall ICT situation and economic factors coupled with the health situation in the Region dictate the state-of-the-art of e-health.
Language: English
Keywords:
MIDDLE EAST | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | WHO | INTERNET | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | TECHNOLOGY | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Economic Factors | Health
Document Number: 330596

Title: The effectiveness of a national communication campaign using religious leaders to reduce HIV-related stigma in Ghana.
Author: Boulay M; Tweedie I; Fiagbey E
Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2008 May;7(1):133-141.
Abstract: This article describes the effects of a national mass media and community-level stigma-reduction programme in Ghana, in which national and local religious leaders urged their congregations and the general public to have greater compassion for people living with HIV or AIDS (PLHA). Data were collected from men and women living in three regions, first in 2001 (n = 2 746) and again in 2003 (n = 2 926). Attitudes related to a punitive response to PLHA both improved over time and were positively associated with exposure to the programme's campaign, controlling for potential confounding variables. Respondents in the 2003 survey were 20% more likely than respondents in the 2001 survey to be willing to care for an HIV-infected relative in their own household and 40% more likely to believe that an HIV-infected female teacher should be allowed to continue teaching. Overall, respondents exposed to the campaign were 45% more likely than those not exposed to it to be willing to care for a HIV-infected relative, and 43% more likely to believe that an HIV-infected female teacher should be allowed to continue teaching. Respondents exposed to the campaign also had significantly more favourable scores on an attitude scale measuring the belief that HIV-infected individuals should be isolated from others. The results of this evaluation suggest that mass media channels and religious leaders can effectively address HIV-related stigma on a national scale. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION RESEARCH | SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STIGMA | ATTITUDES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | CAMPAIGNS | INTERVENTIONS | RELIGION | LEADERSHIP | MASS MEDIA | PROGRAM EVALUATION | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation Methodology | Evaluation | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 326999

Title: Tuberculosis and the media: The importance of communicating messages with partners.
Author: Fraire M; Walton W
Source: Baltimore, Maryland, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, Information and Knowledge for Optimal Health [INFO], 2008 Feb 21. [2] p. (Global Health Technical BriefsUSAID Grant No. GPH-A-00-02-00003-00) http://www.maqweb.org/techbriefs/spanish/stb47mediainterac.pdf (Spanish)
Abstract: Planning is the key to a successful tuberculosis (TB) communication program or activity. Choose a format for contact with the media that best fits your audience and message. Identify the SOCO ("single overriding communication objective") that you want your audience to remember. Identify and train a spokesperson to represent your program to the media. The media is highly influential and can quickly reach a large number of people, including decision makers. This communication channel can enhance your public image while building support for your tuberculosis (TB) program efforts. The media, however, can also be sensationalistic, circulate inaccurate and incomplete information, and present messages that may damage your image and limit your outcomes. Planning is the key to a successful TB communication program or activity, including working with the media. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | TEACHING MATERIALS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | TUBERCULOSIS | MASS MEDIA | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Infections | Diseases | Communication
Document Number: 327089

Peer Reviewed

Title: Determinants of exposure to mass media family planning messages among indigenous people in Bangladesh: A study on the Garo.
Author: Islam MR; Islam MA; Banowary B
Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2008 Oct 13;:[9] p.
Abstract: This paper evaluates exposure to mass media family planning (FP) messages among the Garo, an indigenous community in Bangladesh. A sample of 223 currently married Garo women were selected purposively from two districts where most of the Garo population live. The analysis demonstrated that television was the most significant form of mass media to disseminate FP messages among the recipients - more so than radio and newspapers. About 80.6% of the respondents had heard of FP messages through television, while for the radio and newspapers the percentages were 55.3% and 22.7% respectively. The contraceptive prevalence rate is much higher (79.5%) in the study area than the national level (55.8%). A linear logistic regression model was employed to identify the confluence of different demographic and socioeconomic characteristics on mass media FP messages. Regarding exposure to FP messages, four independent variables out of six had significant effects on the exposure to FP messages through any one of the types of media, i.e. radio, television and newspapers. These independent variables were age, level of education, occupation and number of children.
Language: English
Keywords:
BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | MASS MEDIA | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | IEC | RADIO | TELEVISION | NEWSPAPERS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | LOGISTIC MODEL | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Communication | Family Planning | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Broadcast Media | Printed Media | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Mathematical Model | Theoretical Models | Research Methodology
Document Number: 328493

Title: HIV prevention among vulnerable populations: The Pathfinder International approach.
Author: Israel E; Laudari C; Simonetti C
Source: Watertown, Massachusetts, Pathfinder International, 2008 Jun. 38 p. (Technical Guidance Series No. 6)
Abstract: Three particular populations in most countries are highly vulnerable to HIV infection: sex workers, men who have sex with other men, and injecting drug users. All over the world, legal frameworks, social stigma, and discrimination have rendered these populations voiceless in the decision-making processes that affect their lives, including those related to HIV. On the other hand, in places where they have been encouraged, or have fought to participate actively in prevention programming, these vulnerable groups have been among the most efficient players in slowing or even stopping the epidemic. Based on several thorough situational assessments of the levels of individual, programmatic, and social vulnerability in which they live, effective HIV prevention strategies for these groups should integrate three key elements: 1) identify, develop, and pursue effective interventions that promote individual behavior and social change; 2) guarantee equal access to comprehensive quality health services; and 3) promote respect of fundamental human rights. This technical guidance offers insight and suggestions for designing such programs. It recognizes that vulnerability itself must be understood - especially of the groups addressed - followed by practical action planning and intervention based on that understanding. It requires the full participation and guidance of each of these groups. Such a client-centered approach to prevention is an urgent priority within the anti-AIDS movement. This technical guidance should serve as a practical guide for Pathfinder International country offices, local partners, collaborating agencies, and others, for implementing effective interventions aimed at the reduction of HIV and AIDS among the most vulnerable and susceptible groups. It promises to have a measurable and positive impact on the lives of those we intend to support. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | SEX WORKERS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | IV DRUG USERS | HIV PREVENTION | INTERVENTIONS | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES | PROGRAM DESIGN | GENDER ISSUES | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Drug Use and Abuse | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Communication | Behavior Change
Document Number: 328134

10.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Integrating HIV care and HIV prevention: Legal, policy and programmatic recommendations.
Author: Remien RH; Berkman A; Myer L; Bastos FI; Kagee A
Source: AIDS. 2008;22 Suppl 2:S57-S65.
Abstract: Since the start of the HIV epidemic we have witnessed significant advances in our understanding of the impact of HIV disease worldwide. Furthermore, breakthroughs in treatment and the rapid expansion of HIV care and treatment programmes in heavily impacted countries over the past 5 years are potentially critical assets in a comprehensive approach to controlling the continued spread of HIV globally. A strategic approach to controlling the epidemic requires continued and comparable expansion and integration of care, treatment and prevention programmes. As every new infection involves transmission, whether vertically or horizontally, from a person living with HIV/ AIDS (PLWHA), the integration of HIV prevention into HIV care settings has the potential to prevent thousands of new infections, as well as to improve the lives of PLWHA. In this paper, we highlight how to better utilize opportunities created by the antiretroviral roll-out to achieve more effective prevention, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. We offer specific recommendations for action in the domains of healthcare policy and practice in order better to utilize the advances in HIV treatment to advance HIV prevention. (Author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RECOMMENDATIONS | HIV INFECTIONS | HIV PREVENTION | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | CARE AND SUPPORT | PROGRAMS | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HEALTH POLICY | HEALTH SERVICES | Africa | Developing Countries | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV | Organization and Administration | Communication | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 327863

11.
Title: National mid-term review on the "world fit for children".
Source: Vietnam Population News. 2007 Jan-Mar;(42):1-2.
Abstract: A national mid-term review was held in Ha Noi from 26 to 27 March 2007 as part of Viet Nam's follow-up to the UN General Assembly Special Session on Children in May 2002. Hosted by Viet Nam' Commission for Population, Family and Children (CPFC), participants from various government sectors such as the National Assembly Committee on Culture and Education of Youth and Children, the Ministry of Planning and Investment, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education and Training and the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs, have reviewed the progress that Viet Nam has made for its children, and discussed what more need to be done to help build a better future for this country's younger generation. Adopted in 2002, the "World fit for children" has been "nationalized" as "communes fit for children" in Viet Nam. The model is being replicated in provinces and cities throughout the country, pursuing 28 specific criteria and four fundamental standards, namely: a socialenvironment fit for children; a family environment which ensures children's full development; ensuring all children can enjoy basic rights; and caring for and protecting children in special circumstances. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
VIETNAM | SUMMARY REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | CHILD | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | HUMAN RIGHTS | AWARENESS | CHILD ABUSE | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | COUNSELING | INTERVENTIONS | SOCIAL PROTECTION | IMPLEMENTATION | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Knowledge | Crime | Social Problems | Diseases | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Communication
Document Number: 308770

12.

Title: Overview of health communication campaigns.
Author: Canada. University of Toronto. Centre for Health Promotion. Health Communication Unit
Source: Toronto, Canada, University of Toronto, Centre for Health Promotion, Health Communication Unit [THCU], 2007 Mar 26. 111 p.
Abstract: This guide provides a hands-on 12-step process to developing health communication campaigns. Each chapter is created according to the steps, with information on what the step is, why it's important and what's required to carry it out.
Language: English
Keywords:
EVALUATION | HEALTH PERSONNEL | CAMPAIGNS | HEALTH EDUCATION | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES | HEALTH EDUCATION MATERIALS | PROGRAM DESIGN | PROGRAM EVALUATION | MASS MEDIA | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | AUDIENCES | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Communication | Education | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 329140

13.

Peer Reviewed

Title: A multifaceted approach to health education: A case study from rural Egypt.
Author: El-Katsha S; Watts S
Source: International Quarterly of Community Health Education. 2007;26(2):189-210.
Abstract: This article describes and evaluates an environmental health education project, focusing on water and sanitation issues, which was carried out in two Egyptian villages in the Nile delta. The study is multifaceted as it involves various hygiene education strategies carried out by health unit staff, teachers, graduate volunteers and local village leaders who deliver simple environmental health messages in a variety of different settings. The project is also multifaceted in that it looks at health education in relation to specific health interventions, in this case in water and sanitation; it identifies the full context of relevant local behavior; and it collaborates with local people, especially women, in the design and implementation of the program. Based on the experience gained during this project, a broad based model for health education is presented. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
EGYPT | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | SANITATION | WATER QUALITY | HYGIENE | HEALTH EDUCATION | INTERVENTIONS | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Public Health | Health | Water | Natural Resources | Environment | Education | Programs | Organization and Administration | Communication
Document Number: 313791

14.
Title: Narrative communication in cancer prevention and control: a framework to guide research and application.
Author: Kreuter MW; Green MC; Cappella JN; Slater MD; Wise ME
Source: Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2007 May-Jun;33(3):221-235.
Abstract: Narrative forms of communication-including entertainment education, journalism, literature, testimonials, and storytelling-are emerging as important tools for cancer prevention and control. To stimulate critical thinking about the role of narrative in cancer communication and promote a more focused and systematic program of research to understand its effects, we propose a typology of narrative application in cancer control. We assert that narrative has four distinctive capabilities: overcoming resistance, facilitating information processing, providing surrogate social connections, and addressing emotional and existential issues. We further assert that different capabilities are applicable to different outcomes across the cancer control continuum (e.g., prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment, survivorship). This article describes the empirical evidence and theoretical rationale supporting propositions in the typology, identifies variables likely to moderate narrative effects, raises ethical issues to be addressed when using narrative communication in cancer prevention and control efforts, and discusses potential limitations of using narrative in this way. Future research needs based on these propositions are outlined and encouraged. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | CANCER | FOLK MEDIA | HEALTH EDUCATION | EXPOSURE | SOCIAL BEHAVIOR | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Neoplasms | Diseases | Mass Media | Communication | Education | Risk Factors | Biology | Behavior
Document Number: 308794

15.

Title: Replication and scaling up of good practice tools.
Author: Nduhura D; Hadjipateras A
Source: Exchange on HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Gender. 2007 Winter;(4):5-7.
Abstract: Stepping Stones is a gender-focussed participatory process first developed in Uganda by the Strategies for Hope Project over 12 years ago as a tool aimed at facilitating community-based responses to HIV/AIDS and related concerns. Recognizing that HIV/AIDS cannot be addressed without talking about the universally taboo subjects of sex and death, the approach has been designed to help people - men, women, young and old - to overcome these communication barriers and begin facing up to reality. This tool has been used all over the world with very positive results. In 2004, ACORD started a two-year project in Angola, Tanzania and Uganda, to assess the effectiveness of Stepping Stones in improving gender relations and promoting community-based responses to HIV and AIDS. Stepping Stones uses a range of participatory methodologies aimed at helping people develop the skills and confidence to understand and challenge prevailing norms and customs that reinforce the effects of poverty and other factors in their environment that make them vulnerable to HIV. It involves working in peer groups, usually based on age and sex, that meet on a regular basis over a period of several months to discuss a wide range of topics e.g., love, money, alcohol and risky sexual practices. The participants reflect together on how these issues are affected by factors such as poverty, cultural norms and societal expectations. Facilitators are recruited from within the community and trained to guide these discussions. The approach is aimed at non-literate communities and uses techniques such as drawing, drama, role play, singing, dancing and games to make it fun and enhance the level of participation. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
ANGOLA | TANZANIA | UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | WOMEN | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | STIGMA | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | GENDER ISSUES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Africa, Eastern | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Demographic Factors | Population | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Communication | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 313114

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Fighting AIDS among adolescent women: Effects of a public communication campaign in Brazil.
Author: Porto MP
Source: Journal of Health Communication. 2007 Mar;12(2):121-132.
Abstract: In 2003, Brazil's Ministry of Health launched a national campaign aimed at promoting the use of condoms by adolescent women. The Carnival Campaign was broadcast on television and radio between February 16 and March 3 and targeted young women, between 13 and 19 years of age, a social group that previously had registered a growth in the number of cases of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The Ministry hired Kelly Key, a Brazilian pop singer, to deliver the campaign messages. One of the objectives was to empower the girls and encourage them not to be ashamed to buy condoms and to demand that their partners use them. The article presents the results of a national survey conducted with 1,006 adolescent women, which was sponsored by the Ministry of Health. The results show that campaign materials reached the main target public and that they were very positively received. Moreover, the survey data show that the Carnival Campaign had important effects, generating discussions in the adolescents' social environments and reinforcing a social norm that favors the participation of women in the purchase and use of condoms. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | SUMMARY REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | CAMPAIGNS | AIDS PREVENTION | MESSAGE DEVELOPMENT | CONDOM USE | IMPACT | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Communication | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior
Document Number: 313492

17.

Title: Technical assistance to the Institute of Reproductive Health, Georgetown University, in researching introduction strategies for the Standard Days contraceptive method (SDM).
Author: Ramaro S; Foreit JR
Source: [Washington, D.C.], Population Council, Frontiers in Reproductive Health, 2007 Jul. [4] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-98-00012-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PN-ADJ-445)
Abstract: The Institute of Reproductive Health (IRH), Georgetown University tested the impact of introducing the Standard Days method (SDM) with the technical assistance (TA) of Population Council Staff members Dr. Saumya Ramarao and Dr. James Foreit. Dr. Ramarao provided TA between June 2004 and May 2006 in introduction strategies and economic evaluation of SDM pilot and scale-up activities in Jharkand, India. Dr. Foreit provided TA between March 2004 and October 2005 in the design and analysis of an evaluation of the effectiveness of a mass media campaign for introducing the SDM in Ecuador. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | INDIA | SUMMARY REPORT | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | DATA COLLECTION | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | ADVERTISING | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | SAFETY | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Programs | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Promotion | Marketing | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Public Health | Health | Contraceptive Effectiveness | Contraception | Family Planning | Communication
Document Number: 319341

18.

Title: Harnessing the UN system into a common approach on communication for development.
Author: Servaes J
Source: International Communication Gazette. 2007;69(6):483-507.
Abstract: In the UN system, conflicts and contradictions seldom concern the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as such, but rather the means of achieving them. These differences of opinion about priorities, and about how much and to whom development aid or assistance should be directed, could be explained by analysing the ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions underpinning the general perspectives in the communication for development (C4D) field. Theoretical changes in the perspective on development communication (modernization, dependency, multiplicity) have also reached the level of policy-makers. As a result, different methodologies and terminologies have evolved, which often make it difficult for agencies, even though they share a common commitment to the overall goals of development communication, to identify common ground, arrive at a full understanding of each other's objectives, or to cooperate effectively in operational projects. Consequently, it is difficult for development organizations in general and UN agencies in particular to reach a common approach and strategy. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
ETHIOPIA | RESEARCH REPORT | UN | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | ADVOCACY | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | HEALTH POLICY | MODERNIZATION | BROADCAST MEDIA | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Communication | Behavior | Policy | Social Change | Mass Media
Document Number: 322440

19.

Title: Gender-based violence.
Author: Terry G; Hoare J
Source: Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxfam GB, 2007. [217] p. (Working in Gender and Development)
Abstract: This collection of articles on gender-based violence (GBV) is aimed at development and humanitarian practitioners, policy makers, and academics. This readership includes gender specialists, non-gender specialists who are nevertheless interested in how GBV impinges on their work, and academics and graduate students concerned with GBV as a rights and development issue. Most of the articles originally appeared in the journal Gender & Development. The exception is the article by Easton et al., which first appeared in the journal Development and Practice. This book brings together some of the most interesting and innovative work being done to tackle GBV in various sectors, world regions, and sociopolitical contexts. Although most of the articles are concerned with development rather than humanitarian settings, two of them (the first by Chynoweth and Patrick, the second by Kirk), look at post-conflict situations. Taken as a whole, the articles cover a wide range of manifestations of GBV. These include femicide or the murder of women because they are women, domestic and sexual violence, female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/FGC), the sexual exploitation of girls at school, and trafficking for prostitution. The localities covered are in South and East Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Central America. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | WOMEN | ETHNIC GROUPS | SCHOOLS | WORKPLACE | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | EDUCATION | AWARENESS | LEGISLATION | SOCIAL PROTECTION | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | CAMPAIGNS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | MONITORING | EVALUATION | POLICY | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Employment | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Knowledge | Political Factors | Communication | Diseases | Human Rights
Document Number: 322369

20.
Title: Philippines: Baseline study highlights adolescents' need for sexual and reproductive health education in Eastern Visayas Region, Philippines.
Source: Adolescence Education Newsletter. 2006 Dec;9(2):18.
Abstract: Population Services Pilipinas Incorporated (PSPI), recently launched an initiative to build capacity in Youth Council officials of Western Samar, a poor province in the Eastern Visayas Region in the Philippines, to promote HIV and AIDS prevention among their adolescent constituents. In the Philippines, the Youth Council is the official representation of adolescents and youth in local governance. To inform its project design, PSPI commissioned a formative research project entitled "Baseline Study on Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights with Emphasis on HIV and AIDS and STDs in Western Samar." The study sampled five municipalities and one city. The respondents comprised of 1,313 adolescents, 193 Youth Council (YC) officials, and 33 local government officials. The study aimed to determine the nature and magnitude of sexual and reproductive health knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adolescents and YC officials. It also aimed to describe the awareness level of YC officials and adultlocal government officials regarding adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH), and the perceived role they should play in promoting ASRH and rights. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
PHILIPPINES | RESEARCH REPORT | BASELINE SURVEYS | NEEDS | ADOLESCENTS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH EDUCATION | SEXUALITY | KNOWLEDGE | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV | AIDS | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Education | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication
Document Number: 308506

21.
Title: Scaling up the global health conversation [editorial]
Source: Lancet. 2006 Sep 23;368(9541):1040.
Abstract: Last week, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced the launch of a new medical journal, in conjunction with the Public Library of Science. The journal, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, will be open-access, covering science, policy, and advocacy. In their announcement, the Gates Foundation argued that: "while other medical journals have increased their attention to neglected diseases in recent years, few journals focus on the topic. The new journal will provide an important forum for scientists from developed and developing countries to share the latest information on neglected disease research." (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | RECOMMENDATIONS | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | HEALTH EDUCATION | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | JOURNALISM | MAGAZINES | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Education | Communication | Mass Media | Printed Media
Document Number: 307273

22.

Title: Weaving a better future.
Source: Ray of Hope: A Newsletter of the Hope for African Children Initiative. 2006 Mar;:5.
Abstract: Sister Tukamuhaza Resty Junior, the headmistress of Mutolere Primary School in Uganda's western District of Kisoro, has seen the devastation HIV/AIDS has wrought on children. About three per cent of the pupils in the school, she says, have lost their parents to the pandemic. "These children live either with their aunties or grandparents and lack basic necessities,'' she adds. According to Sister Resty Junior, most of the children find it difficult to concentrate in class because they come to school hungry and without basic educational materials like books and pens. In addition, such children are stigmatized and go through emotional and psychological stress. Most orphans do not always attend school and often do not go beyond primary school because they cannot raise fees for high school. Others remain at home to help with housework and gardening. This denies them access to education and consigns them to a lifetime of poverty and suffering, she says. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | PROGRESS REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | AIDS | HIV | NUTRITION PROGRAMS | TRAINING PROGRAMS | LIVELIHOOD | STIGMA | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Education | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Resources | Organization and Administration | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Family and Household
Document Number: 303632

23.

Title: Promoting gender equality in new aid modalities and partnerships: experiences from Africa. Burundi consultation outcome report.
Author: United Nations Development Fund for Women [UNIFEM]
Source: New York, New York, UNIFEM, 2006 Jul. 12 p. Also available in French.
Abstract: This report reflects country-level experiences shared at the Burundi consultation on the gender equality opportunities and challenges arising from aid reform processes. Cases from Zambia, Kenya, Senegal, Ghana and Burundi are explored in the report. While the roll-out of new aid modalities is being experienced differently due to varied institutions, political situations and development challenges, in each instance opportunities exist to identify entry points and strategies to promote gender equality in the aid reform agenda. The report pays particular attention to the strategies and recommended follow-up action that will support gender equality advocates to promote implementation of commitments to women's rights and national gender and development priorities at the High Level Forum in Ghana, 2008. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | BURUNDI | SUMMARY REPORT | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | WOMEN | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | HUMAN RIGHTS | PROMOTION | WAR | POVERTY | GENDER ISSUES | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | RECOMMENDATIONS | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Marketing | Diseases | Communication
Document Number: 311219

24.

Title: Innovative practices of youth participation in media. A research study on twelve initiatives from around the developing and underdeveloped regions of the world.
Author: Asthana S
Source: Paris, France, UNESCO, 2006. 72 p.
Abstract: The present generation of young people, unlike its predecessors, lives in an increasingly globalizing world that is being transformed by a wide range of technological innovations. Despite these major developments, it is a world that still faces deep socio-economic disparities across various regions. Still, the contemporary developments may hold a promise for creating opportunities in alleviating the inequities. A number of scholars have characterized contemporary globalization in positive as well as negative terms; some argued that the "global media culture" implicates young people as passive consumers, while others pointed to the possibilities opened-up by information and communication technologies (ICTs) and new media. UNESCO considers both positions tenable. UNESCO's main focus has been young people's involvement in the media as active participants, rather than passive consumers. To this end, it has been in the forefront of media education and youth development for the past several years. This publication explores and examines several initiatives from developing and underdeveloped regions of the world that represent good practices of youth participation in the media. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | MANUAL | YOUTH | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | MASS MEDIA | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | PLANNING | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Communication | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors
Document Number: 311722

25.

Title: Overview of effective and promising interventions to prevent HIV infection.
Author: Auerbach JD; Hayes RJ; Kandathil SM
Source: In: Preventing HIV / AIDS in young people. A systematic review of the evidence from developing countries. UNAIDS Inter-agency Task Team on Young People, edited by David A. Ross, Bruce Dick and Jane Ferguson. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization [WHO], 2006. :43-78. (WHO Technical Report Series No. 938)
Abstract: The objective was to review the evidence for the effectiveness of a variety of approaches to preventing HIV infection. We reviewed what is known about the efficacy and effectiveness of a range of prevention approaches that are at various stages of research. These interventions attempt to induce behavioural change, apply technologies or modify social environments. Our intention was not to provide an exhaustive review of all types of HIV prevention strategies but rather to illustrate the landscape of interventions that have been developed and evaluated in different settings and that have the potential for widespread application among both adults and young people. There is a large quantity of evidence from experimental and observational research as well as from practical real-world experience in both developed and developing countries. This evidence supports the implementation and scale-up of a number of interventions and strategies. At the same time, there is a need to continue to develop new and more effective interventions while attending to a number of behavioural and social issues that cut across virtually all interventions designed to prevent the spread of HIV. We caution against confusing lack of implementation with lack of effectiveness and call for continual improvement in the quality and quantity of evidence. We have also identified a number of important directions for future HIV prevention research. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | HIV PREVENTION | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Communication | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 311728

26.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Impact of a communication programme on female genital cutting in eastern Nigeria.
Author: Babalola S; Brasington A; Agbasimalo A; Helland A; Nwanguma E
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2006 Oct;11(10):1594-1603.
Abstract: This study describes a female genital cutting (FGC) elimination communication programme in Enugu State and assesses its impact in changing relevant knowledge, attitudes and behavioural intentions. The FGC programme combined a community mobilization component with targeted advocacy and mass media activities. Data for assessing the impact of the programme derived from baseline and follow-up surveys in three intervention local government areas (LGA) in Enugu State and three comparison LGAs in Ebonyi State. An ideation model of behaviour change guided the analyses of the impact of the programme on personal advocacy for FGC, perceived self-efficacy to refuse pressure to perform FGC, perceived social support for FGC discontinuation, perceived benefits of FGC, perceived health complications of FGC and intention not to perform FGC on daughters. The analytical methods include comparing change in pertinent outcome variables from baseline to follow-up in the two study states and using logistic regression on follow-up data for the intervention state to assess the link between programme exposure and the relevant outcome indicators. The data show that while the pertinent ideational factors and the intention not to perform FGC either worsened or remained stagnant in Ebonyi State, they improved significantly in Enugu State. The logistic regression results show that programme exposure is associated with the expected improvements in all the pertinent indicators. The multimedia communication programme has been effective in changing FGC-related attitudes and promoting the intention not to perform FGC. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | THEORETICAL MODELS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | COMMUNITY | FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | PERCEPTION | COMPLICATIONS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Harmful Traditional Practices | Traditional Health Practices | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Diseases | Social Change | Organization and Administration | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 307369

27.

Title: The effectiveness of mass media in changing HIV / AIDS-related behaviour among young people in developing countries.
Author: Bertrand JT; Anhang R
Source: In: Preventing HIV / AIDS in young people. A systematic review of the evidence from developing countries. UNAIDS Inter-agency Task Team on Young People, edited by David A. Ross, Bruce Dick and Jane Ferguson. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization [WHO], 2006. :205-241. (WHO Technical Report Series No. 938)
Abstract: The objectives were to review the strength of the evidence for the effects of three types of mass media interventions (radio only, radio with supporting media, or radio and television with supporting media) on HIV/AIDS-related behaviour among young people in developing countries and to assess whether these interventions reach the threshold of evidence needed to recommend widespread implementation. We conducted a systematic review of studies that evaluated mass media interventions and were published or released between 1990 and 2004. Studies were included if they evaluated a mass media campaign that had the main objective of providing information about HIV/AIDS or sexual health. To be eligible for inclusion studies had to use a pre-intervention versus postintervention design or an intervention versus control design or analyse cross-sectional data comparing those who had been exposed to the campaign with those who had not been exposed. Studies also had to comprehensively report quantitative data for most outcomes. Of the 15 programmes identified, 11 were from Africa, 2 from Latin America, 1 from Asia, and 1 from multiple countries. One programme used radio only, six used radio with supporting media, and eight others used television and radio with supporting media. The data support the effectiveness of mass media interventions to increase the knowledge of HIV transmission, to improve self-efficacy in condom use, to influence some social norms, to increase the amount of interpersonal communication, to increase condom use and to boost awareness of health providers. Fewer significant effects were found for improving self-efficacy in terms of abstinence, delaying the age of first sexual experience or decreasing the number of sexual partners. We found that mass media programmes can influence HIV-related outcomes among young people, although not on every variable or in every campaign. Campaigns that include television require the highest threshold of evidence, yet they also yield the strongest evidence of effects. This suggests that comprehensive mass media programmes are valuable. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | YOUTH | HIV PREVENTION | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | MASS MEDIA | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Communication | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 311726

28.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Introduction to the special issue on cost-effectiveness analysis.
Author: Bertrand JT
Source: Journal of Health Communication. 2006;11 Suppl 2:3-6.
Abstract: Communication is at the heart of behavior change programs in developing countries. It is hard to imagine a program designed to bring about some type of change in behavior or health status that does not utilize at least some type of directed communication. How effective are these interventions, however, in bringing about the desired change? And at what cost? This special issue of the Journal of Health Communication examines the state of the art for addressing the familiar question, "What is the bang for the buck?" We expect this issue to be of interest to two main audiences: (1) health communication specialists interested in designing the most effective programs on limited budgets, and (2) researchers/evaluators interested in applying state-of-the-art methods for conducting cost-effectiveness analysis of communication programs for behavior change. Health communication programs aim to bring about change in individual behaviors and social norms using some combination of (1) mass media, (2) community-level interventions (e.g., community mobilization), and (3) interpersonal communication/ counseling. Programs today tend to incorporate the highly effective elements of entertainment education. Earlier evaluations often measured the effects of a program consisting of a few or even a single communication channel in a limited geographical area. Today's communication programs, however, often use a more comprehensive approach consisting of multiple, mutually reinforcing media. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | AIDS PREVENTION | PUBLIC HEALTH | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | MEASUREMENT | MONITORING | MASS MEDIA | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health | Behavior Change | Behavior | Communication | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Research Methodology | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 308106

29.

Title: Advocacy, communication and social mobilization to fight TB : a 10-year framework for action.
Author: Deane J; Parks W
Source: Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization [WHO], 2006. 93 p. (WHO/HTM/STB/2006.37)
Abstract: A significant scaling up of advocacy, communication and social mobilization (ACSM) will be needed to achieve the global targets for tuberculosis control as detailed in the Global Plan to Stop TB 2006--2015. In 2005, the ACSM Working Group (ACSM WG) was established as the seventh working group of the Stop TB Partnership to mobilize political, social and financial resources; to sustain and expand the global movement to eliminate TB; and to foster the development of more effective ACSM programming at country level in support of TB control. It succeeded an earlier Partnership Task Force on Advocacy and Communications. This work-plan focuses on those areas where ACSM has most to offer and where ACSM strategies can be most effectively concentrated to help address four key challenges to TB control at country level: Improving case detection and treatment adherence; Combating stigma and discrimination; Empowering people affected by TB; Mobilizing political commitment and resources for TB. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | EXPERIMENTAL MODELS | POLICYMAKERS | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | TUBERCULOSIS | COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | WHO | ADVOCACY | PROGRAM DESIGN | MONITORING | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Infections | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Communication | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Programs | Evaluation | Economic Factors
Document Number: 312473

30.

Title: Communication and contraception in rural Bangladesh.
Author: Gayen K; Raeside R
Source: World Health and Population. 2006;9(4):110-124.
Abstract: This paper examines the association of communication in explaining the decision of women in rural Bangladesh to use or not to use contraception. Using survey data from villages in Bangladesh, we found that communication is an important influence on the ideational change for a smaller family norm and the practice of contraception. This is evident even when socioeconomic and cultural variables are controlled for. We recommend that to foster the use of contraception, communication factors should be given greater emphasis, especially to target husbands in the family planning program and to improve the image of female children. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | RURAL AREAS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | WOMEN | COUPLES | ECONOMIC FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Geographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Communication
Document Number: 314280


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